高中高考英语 暑假阅读类训练5-人教版高三全册英语试题

四川南充市2016高中高考英语暑假阅读类训练5
阅读如下四篇短文，从每一小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最优选项。

Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining
near­infrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available
NIR­absorbing group called o­nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so­so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive (易反响的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light­absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's
more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at a bsorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
1. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?
A. Temperature change.
B. NIR light.
C. Acidity change.
D. UV light.
2. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?
A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.
B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.
C. It has not come onto the market up till now.
D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.
3. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?
Bhcs absorb NIR.⇨Part of the cresol is.⇨Polymer breaks down.⇨
Drug is released.
A. protected
B. formed
C. exposed
D. combined
【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。

怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加安全、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。

1. B 信息理解题。

根据第一段最后一句“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near­infrare d light (NIR，近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.〞可知答案。

2. D 推理判断题。

根据第三段最后两句“…ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.〞和“…and it could be poisonous to cells…〞可知答案。

3. C 信息理解题。

根据最后一段第五句“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.〞可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。

社会生活类------阅读理解。

During the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to help them understand that it is not “where you go〞 that matters. They hold posters with the names and faces of famous people while their peers (同龄人) and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite (精英) colleges they assume the celebrities attended. The “oohs〞and “aahs〞 follow when they learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college, that Oprah Winfrey is a graduate of Tennessee State and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise.
Even better is giving the students a task to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college〞 as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.
The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than where they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores -- one marker of elite colleges --- didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them --- either because of rejection or by their own choice --- are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.
In a summary of the findings, the bureau says that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their future success than average academic ability of their classmates.〞
The late author Loren Pope, who wroteLooking Beyond the Ivy League andColleges That Change Lives, noted that the greater the opportunity for engagement and critical, creative and cooperative learning with staff, peers and community, the more likely the chance for future success.
59. The purpose of the guidance counseling programs is to help students _________.
A. apply for suitable colleges
B. learn about college life
C. choose the most famous colleges
D. know about famous graduates
60. Ken Burns’ example shows that the successful people _________.
A. don’t need support from their friends
B. have their own circle of family
C. don’t necessarily graduate from a famous college
D. graduate from a famous college
61. What contributes most to students’ success in college and after graduation is _________.
A. whether they enter the elite college or not
B. whether they have spared no effort in college or not
C. whether they possess a higher SAT scores or not
D. whether they have famous schoolmates or not
62. According to Loren Pope, future success depends more on _________.
A. staff, peers and community
B. motivation, ambition and desire to succeed
C. average academic ability of the classmates
D. creation, cooperation and opportunity
【参考答案】37.ACBD
社会生活类---阅读理解。

Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship. It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matchingvulnerable young people(ages 7- 17) with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend. Volunteer tutors come from all walks of life—married, single, with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers. They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk and go to when needed.
A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park, cooking, playing sport or going to a football match. These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive self-
respect, confidence and life direction.
Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most well- known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years.
Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2008. Emily is a 10- year- old girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. ‘I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me. ’
Emily’s mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily b y‘providing different feedback(反响) about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure her self- worth. ’
Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program. ‘I googled it and found out how to be a part of it. I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it’s all work and no play. ’
Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is!
1. What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters?
A. To offer students public services.
B. To help students improve their grades.
C. To organize sport activities for young people.
D. To provide partnership and fun for young people.
2. A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least.
A. 24 hours
B. 36 hours
C. 48 hours
D. 72 hours
3. According to Emily’s mother, this program may provide Emil y with.
A. advice from her teachers
B. a new way to assess herself
C. a new way to judge her schoolmates
D. more comments from her schoolmates
4. Why did Sarah want to get involved in the program?
A. She used to be a volunteer.
B. She needed a part- time job.
C. She felt a bit bored with her life.
D. She wanted to get a challenging job.
5. According to the passage, ‘vulnerable young people’ are probably those who are.
A. popular at school
B. rather weak physically
C. easily hurt emotionally
D. confident in themselves
【参考答案】38.DBBCC
完形填空。

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最优选项。

In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life,a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory__1__course about 20 years ago. The professor __2__the lecture hall,placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans〔豆〕, and invited the students to _3_how many beans the jar contained.After __4__shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin,dry smile,announced the __5__ answer,and went on saying,〞You have just __6__an important lesson about science.That is Never__7 your own senses.〞
Twenty years later,the __8__could guess what the professor had in mind.He
__9__himself,perhaps,as inviting his students to start an exciting __10__into an unknown worldInvisible〔无形的〕to the11,which can be discovered only through scientific12.But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even13the invitation.She was just 14 to understand the world.And she15 that her firsthand experience could be true16 .The professor,however,said that it was17 .he was taking away her only18 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute.“I remember feeling small and19 ,〞the women says,“and I did the only thing I could do.I20 the course tha t afternoon,and I haven’t gone near science since.〞
( ) 1. A.art B.history C.science D.math
( ) 2. A.searched for B.looked at C.got through D.marched into
( ) 3. A.count B.guess C.report D.watch
( ) 4. A.warning B.giving C.turning away D.listening to
( ) 5. A.ready B.possible C.correct D.difficult
( ) 6. A.learned B.prepared C.taught D.taken
( ) 7. A.lose B.trust C.sharpen D.show
( ) 8. A.lecturer B.scientist C.speaker D.woman
( ) 9. A.described B.respected C.saw D.served
( ) 10. A.voyage B.movement C.change D.rush
( ) 11. A.professor B.eye C.knowledge D.light
( ) 12. A.model B.senses C.sprint D.methods
( ) 13. A.hear B.make C.present D.refuse
( ) 14. A.suggesting B.beginning Cpretending D.waiting
( ) 15. A.believed B.doubted C.proved D.explained
( ) 16. A.growth B.strength C.faith D.truth
( ) 17. A.firm B.interesting C.wrong D.acceptable
( ) 18. A.task B.tool C.success D.connection
( ) 19. A.cruel B.proud C.frightened D.brave
( ) 20. A.dropped B.started C.passed D.missed
【解题导语】文章用插叙顺序的主线，通过一位中年女士对20年前一次科学课程的回忆，从侧面揭示出教育如何让人的生活更加成功。

本文蕴含了对教育方式与方法的讨论。

36.【答案】C
【解析】考查名词，本段上文出现了名词education (教育)，下一段中出现了professor和jar, 貌似是教授在做实验，于是选择c。

而文章在最后一句说“and I haven’t gone near science since.〞也印证了选择education(教育)。

37.【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词组，根据动作的先后顺序，教授把阔口罐放在桌子前应该已经在讲堂里了，于是排除A、B; get through的含义从介词through,是通过、穿过的意思，那么自然不靠谱，最终选择D, March into含义是“行军、走过〞。

38.【答案】B
【解析】考查动词，根据后文wildly wrong guesses的提示，选择B。

39.【答案】
【解析】考查动词，该动做的发出者是the professor，那么教授对大家的猜测只能是听到，选择D。

40【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词，修饰名词answer，实验是教授做的，那么他说出的数目自然是正确的。

41【答案】A
【解析】考查动词，该动作是学生对课程做出的，那么自然是在学习课程，选择A。

42【答案】选择B
【解析】考查动词，根据上面的表示，显然教授想说的是不要相信自己的感觉，于是选择B。

43【答案】D
【解析】考查名词，本段开始用了“二十年后〞作为开头，说明叙事一直是连贯的，而自首段提出本文表示的任务就是the woman，选择D。

44【答案】C
【解析】考查动词，教授会对自己做出的动作首先不会是“尊重〞和“服务〞，排除B、D无关选项。

而根据后句的说明，邀请学生开始一次兴奋的航程去为之世界，这是他自己认为的事情。

Describe〔描述〕是与后文中该与确定的事实连用，而对此处显然不适用。

选择C。

此题难。

45【答案】A
【解析】考查名词，学生对未知世界开启的是一次航程，而非“运动〞、“改变〞亦或者“匆忙冲进〞，
于是选择A
46【答案】B
【解析】考查名词，解题关键是invisible,并且给出了中文注释。

中文注释是必须关注的，给出中文注释的词未必是大家不认识的，但必须是解题的关键，此题就是完全的表现，对于什么而言是无形的，形状自然是眼睛看到的，于是选择B此题难。

47【答案】D
【解析】考查名词，因为我们说过三段开始由“二十年后〞引出，说明前后段逻辑严密，而前一段说明的事情是我们不能相信自己的感觉做科学，于是此题中能够发现那个肉眼无法识
别的无形未知世界的绝不是“感觉〞或者“精神〞，排除B、C；而model的含义是“模型〞，显然的无关选项，排除；最终选择D，科学的方法。

48【答案】A
【解析】考查动词，even是一个强烈的递进关系词，那么根据语义，相比不能承受这些邀请更加强烈的情况是不去听这些邀请。

49【答案】B
【解析】考查动词，女孩十七岁，正是刚开始认识世界的年纪，选择B.
50.【答案】A
【解析】考查动词，与之相关的是后局的内容：“她的第一感觉会是正确的〞，对这件事情她没有“证明〞或者“解释〞，自然可排除C、D，无关选项，而她对自己的第一选择是绝对的相信的。

51.【答案】C
【解析】考查名词，女孩认为第一感觉是正确的。

选D。

growth成长strength力量faith信念。

52．【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词，教授使女孩认为第一感觉是错误的。

53.【答案】B
【解析】考查名词，为了知道未知世界，我手中唯一的是工具，于是选择B。

其他选择项不合理。

54.【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词，and提示文章此处是并列关系，而与感觉渺小并列的是感觉害怕，cruel 的含义是“残忍的〞，语义自然不适宜，排除。

55.【答案】A
【解析】考查动词，被教授伤害后，我对这个科目能做的动作显然不是“开始学习〞或者“通过〞，
于是排除B、C；而missed的含义是“失去〞，无关选项；选择A，“放弃〞。