八年级下Unit7-8 教材梳理

八年级下册Units 7～8
【常考词汇】
1.include
【知识点睛】include 作动词，意为“包括；包含”。

including 作介词，意为“包括；包括在内”，它和其后的名词、代词一起构成介宾短语。

included 作形容词，意为“包括的；包含在内的”，常作后置定语。

The price includes both your shirt and your trousers.这个价格包含了你的衬衫和裤子。

There are 50 students in my class，including me.包括我在内我们班有50 名学生。

There are 50 students in my class，me included.包括我在内我们班有50 名学生。

【即时演练】1)Twenty people went to his house for his birthday party, me. A．including B．include C．included D．to include
2.remaining
【知识点睛】remaining 形容词，意为“留下的；剩余的；其余的”，仅用于名词前作定语。

remain 动词，意为“遗留；剩余；留下；剩下”。

The few remaining guests were in the kitchen.留下没走的几位客人都在厨房里。

This place remains very cool all summer.这个地方整个夏天都很凉爽。

【即时演练】1)The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ．
A．20 dollars remained B．20 dollars to remain C．remained 20 dollars D．remaining 20 dollars
3.belong to
【知识点睛】belong to 意为“属于；归……所有”，其中belong 属于不及物动词，常与介词to 连用。

后接代词作宾语时，要用宾格形式(不可用物主代词)；后接名词时，也不能用所有格。

belong to sb.＝be one's“属于某人的”，one's 是物主代词，也可用名词所有格形式。

The bicycle belongs to Amy.＝The bicycle is Amy's.这辆自行车是埃米的。

【即时演练】
1)The book belongs to me.(同义句转换)
The book ．
2)—Are these books ________？
—No，they are not mine.They belong to ．
A．your；her B．yours；her C．you；hers D．yours；she
【妙解异同】belong to与have
belong to意为"属于",而have意为“拥有”；belong to 是物作主语，强调某物属于某人，
have 是人作主语，强调某人拥有某物；belong to 不用于进行时，也没有被动语态。

eg：The new bike belongs to Mary.这辆新自行车是玛丽的。

＝Mary has a new bike.玛丽有一辆新自行车。

【即时演练】The French book must ．She's the only one who's studying French.(2013，黄冈)
A．belong to Li Ying's B．belong to Li Ying C．belong Li Ying's D．belong Li Ying
4. succeed v．实现目标，成功
【知识点睛】succeed in doing sth.意为“成功做成某事”。

He succeeded in getting top marks in chemistry.他成功拿到了化学课的最高分。

successful adj. 成功的；successfully adv.成功地；success n. 成功
【常考句型易错辨析】
1．The Sahara is about 9,600,000 square kilometers in size. 撒哈拉沙漠大约960 万平方千米。

(Unit 7)
【知识点睛】
(1)square 不可数名词，意为“平方”。

The old city covers an area of about 326 square kilometers. 这个古老的城市面积大约是326 平方千米。

(2)英语中表示长度、宽度、高度、深度或重量等可用句型“sth./sb.＋be＋数词＋单位＋长/宽/高/深/重……”。

对数词进行提问要用句型“How＋长/宽/高/深/重……？”
How wide is your room？你的房间有多宽？
【归纳拓展】英语中长、宽、高的表达方式有两种结构：
(1)“数词＋量词(复数)＋long/wide/high...”结构，它可作表语，也可作后置定语；(2)“数
词＋量词(单数)＋long/wide/high...”结构，中间为连字符，常用作前置定语。

This is a 200-meter-long river and that river is 400 meters long.这是条200 米长的河，而那条河长400 米。

【即时演练】—How amazing the noodle is!Yes,it is. and breaks the Guinness
World Record as the longest handmade noodle.
A．1，704-meter-long B．1，704-meters-long C．1，704 meter long D．1，704 meters
2.This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.这只大象比这只熊猫重好多倍。

【知识点睛】倍数的表达
❶用形容词表达甲是乙的几倍时，有以下三个句型：
倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than
倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as
倍数＋the size/height/weight/length...of
❷用名词表示，“量”的倍数时，有以下两个句型：
倍数＋more＋名词＋than 倍数
＋as many/much＋名词＋其他
＋as
This hall is four times bigger than my classroom.这个大厅比我们的教室大四倍。

Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。

The hill is four times the height of that small one.这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。

There are four times more books in our library than in yours.我们图书馆的藏书数量比你们图书馆的多四倍。

There is three times as much water in this cup as in that one.这个杯子里的水是那个杯子里的三倍。

【即时演练】1)We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen we speak.
A．as twice much as B．twice as much as C．as much as twice D．as much twice as
3.Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.珠穆朗玛峰比世界上
其他任何山峰都高。

【知识点睛】“比较级＋than any other＋单数可数名词”意为“比其他任何…… 都……”，此结构虽然是比较级，但表示最高级含义。

He studies harder than any other student in his class.他在班上学习最用功。

若比较的双方不在同一范围内，则不加other。

Hawaii is more beautiful than any beach in Africa. 夏威夷比非洲的任何海滩都要美丽。

(Hawaii 不在非洲，故any 后不加other。

)
【即时演练】—Everyone knows Canada is the second largest country in the world. —That is, it is larger than ________ country in Asia.
A．any B．any other C．other D．another
4.Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world？你知道中国是
世界上最古老的国家之一吗？
【知识点睛】“one of ＋the＋形容词的最高级＋可数名词的复数形式”表示“最……之一”。

The computer is one of the most useful inventions in the world.电脑是世界上最有用的发明之一。

“one of＋复数可数名词或代词”意为“……中的一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

One of the sisters is a doctor.那些姐妹中有一个是医生。

【即时演练】I've heard that Zhuhai Chimelong Ocean Kingdom is one of ____ ocean parks in Asia.
A．very large B．the larger C．much larger D．the largest
5.China has the biggest population in the world. 中国有世界上最多的人口。

(Unit 7)
【知识点睛】
(1)population 是集合名词，指人口总数，常与定冠词the 连用，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，如果表示个体概念，被分数或百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数。

(2)指人口“多”或“少”时，一般用large 或small 来表示，而不用many 或few。

(3)有时population 可用作可数名词，其前面可用不定冠词。

New York is a big city with
a population of over 10 million.纽约是一个有一千多万人口的大城市。

表示某国、某城市有多少人口时，要与of 连用。

其句式有两种：The population of ＋某国(某城市)＋is...，某国(某城市)＋has a population of...。

有时，表达“有多少人口的城市” 时，用a city with a population of...。

(4)提问“有多少人口”时用what 或how large，而不用how many 或how much。

询问人口多少的常用句型：What is the population of...?
Eighty percent of the population of China are peasants.中国百分之八十的人是农民。

The country has a large population.那个国家人口众多。

The population of the village is about 4,000.＝The village has a population of about 4,000.
这个村庄大约有4 000 人。

What/How large is the population of Beijing?北京有多少人口？
温馨提示：many/few 可修饰people。

how many people 意为“多少人”。

What is the population of Hangzhou？＝How many people are there in Hangzhou？杭州有多少人？
【即时演练】
1)—Which city has population，Shanghai,Hong Kong or Qingdao?
—Shanghai，of course.
A．the smallest B．the least C．the most D．the largest
2）The world's population is growing ________ and there is ________ land and water for growing rice.
A．more; less B．larger; fewer C．larger; less D．more; fewer
6.Feel free to ask me anything on today's Great Wall tour. 在今天的长城游中，大家尽管问我任何问题，不要拘束。

(Unit 7)
【知识点睛】feel free 为固定短语，表示“(可以)随便(做某事)”，是英语口语中常见的表达方式。

“随便做某事”为feel free to do sth.。

Feel free to eat dinner here anytime. 你随时都可以来这儿吃晚
餐。

I love my job, and I feel free. 我爱我的工作，我觉得我自由自
在。

7.The main reason was to protect their part of the country. 主要的原因是保护他们国家的地区。

(Unit 7)
【知识点睛】protect 及物动词，意为“保护；防护”。

Teenagers should learn how to protect themselves. 青少年应该学会如何保护自己。

【归纳拓展】protect 的常用短语
(1)protect... from sth. 保护……免受……
The sheep jammed together to protect from the cold.这些绵羊为了御寒紧紧地挤在一起。

(2)protect... against 保护……反对
The vaccine was used to protect the whole population against infection. 这种疫苗用以全体居民预防传染病。

【即时演练】1)To nature is to help ourselves，or we will be punished.
A．protect B．prevent C．provide D．pollute
8.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.这些登山者的精神向我们表明：我们绝不应该放弃实现自己梦想的尝试。

(Unit 7)
【知识点睛】
(1)give up 固定短语，意为“放弃”，后跟名词、代词、动词-ing 形式。

The doctor says her father should give up smoking.医生说她父亲应该戒烟。

(2)achieve our dreams 意为“实现我们的梦想”。

【妙辨异同】 achieve 与 come true
Whatever you do ，just don't give up.Your dream will come true.＝Whatever you do ，just don't give up.You will achieve your dream.无论你做什么，只要不放弃，你的梦想就会实现。

9.Who else is on my island?还有谁在我的岛上？(Unit 8)
【知识点睛】 else adj . 意为
“别的；其他的”。

常用在疑问代词、不定代词之后。

Who else did you see ？你还看见谁了？
I want someone else to answer my question.我希望另一个人回答我的问题。

【妙解异同】else 与other
两者都有"别的,其他的"含义，但二者有所区别：
(1)other 常用于名词之前；else 常用于不定代词或疑问代词之
后。

Some are playing football. Other students are watching. 一些学生在踢足球，其他的学生在观看。

What else do you want to know?你还想知道些什么？
(2)二者有时可以互相转换。

He is taller than any other student in his class.
＝He is taller than anybody else in his class.他比班里的其他学生都高。

What else can you see ？＝What other things can you see?
你还能看见其他什么东西？
10.The Toms must be popular. 汤姆乐队一定很受欢迎。

(Unit 8)
【知识点睛】情态动词must 可以表示对现在情况肯定的推测，意为“一定；想必”。

must 的用法辨析
The girl in red must be Lily.那个穿红衣服的女孩一定是莉莉。

She can't have been to Nanjing.她不可能去过南京。

【归纳拓展】may 也可表示推测，意为“或许”。

表示对现在情况否定的推测时，应用can't (不可能)。

mustn't 意为“一定不要，千万不要”，表示禁止。

I'm not sure. He may be at home now.我不能肯定。

他现在可能在家。

You mustn't smoke here. 你不能在这儿吸烟。

【即时演练】—Hi, Mike. I saw Jim in the zoo just now.
—It ________ be him. He has gone to Beijing.
A．can't B．must C．mustn't D．can
11.Number of people in the bank 乐队的人数(Unit 8)
【知识点睛】number of 完整的短语为the number of, 意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。

The number of the students in our class is 50.我们班学生的数量是50。

【归纳拓展】a number of 意为“许多，大量”，相当于many, a lot of 等，后跟可数名词的复数形式。

number 前可用large, small, great 等词修饰，强调数量的多少。

A small number of students like to watch TV. 少数的学生喜欢看电
视。

【妙辨异同】a number of 与the number of
A number of students hope to be teachers，so the number of students in teachers' colleges is growing fast.很多学生希望当老师，所以师范院校学生的数量增长迅速。

【即时演练】
1)—What ________ the number of students in your school? —About two
thousand.A number of them from the countryside.
A．is；are B．is；is C．are；is D．are；are
2）In our school library there ________ a number of books on science，and in these years the number of them ________ growing larger and larger.
A．are；is B．is；are C．have；are D．has；is
12. Listening to The Toms is a good way to wake up.听汤姆乐队的音乐是醒来的一个好方法。

【知识点睛】listening to The Toms 是动名词短语在句中作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

listen to 为固定短语，意为“听”。

listen 为不及物动词，接宾语时需要介词to。

Eating too much isn't good for you.吃得太多对你没有好处。

He often listens to music.他经常听音乐。

Don't listen to them！别听他们的话！
【即时演练】1)Our English teacher often says to us，“English well is very important.”
A．Learn B．Learning C．Learned D．To learning
13.Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the many books she hasn't read yet and she can't wait to read them！每次萨莉在图书馆时，看到许多她还不曾读过的书，她就迫不及待想读这些书！
【知识点睛】
(1)every time 在此意为“每当……时候，每次”，连接时间状语从句，相当于whenever，强调经常性。

Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 每次我听了你的建议，我就会陷入麻烦。

(2)can't wait to do sth. 意为“迫不及待做某事”。

Lily can't wait to see her grandma after the school term ends.学期结束后，莉莉迫不及待地要去看望祖母。

【即时演练】Millie said she________(等不及看) her computer. It's a present from her parents.
14. Feel free to ask me anything on today's Great Wall tour. 在今天的长城游中，大家尽管问我任何问题，不要拘束。

【知识点睛】feel free to do sth.意为“随意做某事，做某事不要拘束”。

Please feel free to call us whenever you like. 你可以随时给我们打电话。

15.have gone to/have been to/have been in
【知识点睛】
⑴have gone to 意思是“去了(某地)，还没有回来”，强调某人现在不在说话地，并说明去向。

—Where is your father？你父亲在哪
里？—He has gone to work.他去上班
了。

⑵have been to 意思是“去过(某地)，已经回来”，强调某人曾去过某地。

He has been to Beijing twice.他已去过北京两次了。

⑶have been in 意为“到某地多长时间了”，常与时间段连用。

I have been in Australia for three years.我到澳大利亚已有三年了。

温馨提示：have gone to，have been in 与have been to 后接表示地点的副词there，here 等时，介词to 和in 常省略。

You have never been there before，have you? 你以前从来没有去过那儿，是吗？
【即时演练】Mr.Wang isn't here.I think he ________ Guiyang.
A．has gone to B．has been to C．goes D．went
16. fall over/fall down/fall off
【知识点睛】
17.succeed/success/successful
【知识点睛】
Jim succeeded in getting through the forest. 吉姆成功地穿过了那片森
林。

Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之
母。

She is a successful businesswoman. 她是一
位成功的女商人。

18.fill…with/be full of/be filled with
【知识点睛】
(1)fill…with 的主语通常是人，意为“某人用……装满……”，表示动作。

She filled the bottle with cola.她把瓶子装满了可乐。

(2)be filled with＝be full of，意为“装满”，表示状态，主语通常是物。

The bag is full of books.＝The bag is filled with books. 那个包里装满了书。

19.die from，die of
【知识点睛】die from 指由于外部或不注意的原因而死，原因常来自外部，后常加名词。

die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿等，原因多来自内部，后加名词。

His father died from an accident.他父亲死于一次事
故。

He died of a strange illness.他死于一种怪病。

【即时演练】1)—Do you know that Mr.Zhang passed last week?
—Yes.He died ________ illness.
A．away；of B．on；from C．by；with D．off；as
1. [2014·安徽] Rick has learned a lot about Chinese culture ________ he came to China.
A. before
B. when C．until D. since
2．[2014·广安] The Great Wall is famous, so every year________ people come to visit it.
A. million
B. million of C．millions of
3. [2014·广东] I've heard that Zhuhai Chimelong Ocean Kingdom is one of ________ ocean parks in Asia.
A. very large
B. the larger
C. much larger
D. the largest
4. [2014·聊城] I think Spiderman is ________ cartoon(动画片) I've ever seen.
A. interesting
B. more interesting
C. most interesting
D. the most interesting
5. [2014·滨州] —Jim isn't in the classroom. Where is
he now? —He ________ the library.
A. will go to
B. has been to
C. has gone to
D. goes to
6. [2014·黔西南] I ________ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it.
A. left
B. went away from
C. have left
D. have been away from
7. [2013·聊城] —We held a sports meeting in the village and it was a great________ .
—Congratulations!
A. fun
B. success
C. advice
D. difficulty
8. [2013·盐城] I can't find my notebook anywhere. I am afraid
I ________ it. A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. was
losing 9．—____ is the population of your town?
—About sixty thousand.
A．How B．What C．How many D．How much
10．[2014，黔东南]Climbing hills ____ good for our health.
A．are B．is C．was D．were
11．[2013，湘潭]The history proves those islands belong ____ China.
A．to B．at C．on
12.[2013，安顺]In our school library there ____ a number of books on science，and in these years the number of them ________ growing larger and larger.
A．are；is B．is；are C．have；are D．has；is
13.[2013，淮安]Of all the subjects，English is ____ for me.
A．interesting B．more interesting C．the most interesting D．much more interesting 解
倡议书的写作
倡议书是发动人们开展某项具体活动的一种应用文体，目的是希望大家共同完成某项任务或开展某项公益活动。

一.倡议书的构成：
1．标题：简单概括倡议的内容。

英语倡议书多数情况下省略。

2．称呼：可根据受倡议对象选用适当的称谓，如：Dear classmates，Ladies and gentlemen，Boys and girls 等。

3．正文：正文是倡议书的重要部分，主要写倡议的背景，倡议的对象、目的、内容、意义和要求。

4．结尾：表明倡议者的决心、希望以及建议，常用“Let's...！”“Why not...？”等提建议的句型。

5．落款：写倡议者的单位名称或发起人姓名。

二.写倡议书时的注意事项：
1．倡议书的内容要有新的时尚和精神，要切实可行。

2．倡议书的背景、目的要写清楚，理由要充分，措辞要恰当，情感要真挚，同时要富有鼓动性。

3．篇幅不宜太长。

三.写作典例。

某中学在开展“崇尚节俭，文明做人(advocating thrift and being civilized)”活动一年来，取得了很好的效果，但还有极少数学生做得不够好，在校园里依然还会出现以下图片中的情形。

请你选择以下现象中的几种或全部进行描述，并就中学生如何“杜绝浪费，文明做人”提出至少两点建议。

要求：1.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。

2．语言通顺，意思连贯，书写规范。

3．词数80～100。

文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。

【范文欣赏】
Some middle school students aren't doing enough in “advocating thrift and being civilized”．
We're sorry to see that there is still some waste in our school！For example，some often leave the taps on after washing their hands.In the dinning hall，a lot of food can be seen left after the meals.What's worse，we often find that waste paper is thrown everywhere，which makes others feel uncomfortable.In addition，some students like to write or draw on the wall or on the desk.
As middle school students，we should develop good habits and stop wasting anything.Let's do it from now on!。