什么是园林建筑学英文作文

什么是园林建筑学英文作文
On the characteristics of Chinese classical garden architecture preface
Chinese classical gardens generally take the natural landscape as the theme of landscape composition, and the buildings are only set up for viewing and decorating the landscape. Garden architecture is an artificial factor. It seems to have an opposite side with natural factors, but if handled properly, it can also be unified, which can add interest and life flavor to the natural environment. Garden architecture is only a coordinated and organic part of the overall environment. Its responsibility can only be to highlight the beauty of nature and add the beauty of the natural environment. This high degree of unity between natural beauty and artificial beauty is exactly the realm that the Chinese people constantly pursue in garden art.
In the eastern and Western gardens, architecture is an important part, because it is necessary for people to enjoy life and enjoy the scenery. In western gardens, such as French classical
gardens, Italian manors, mansions and palaces are often centrally arranged with two to three floors, which can overlook the national scenery from a commanding position. In order to meet the requirements of feasibility, observability, habitability and tourism, Chinese gardens need to be equipped with corresponding corridors, pavilions, halls, pavilions, pavilions and pavilions. From the development history of our country, the building density in the garden is getting higher and higher, and the living atmosphere is getting stronger and stronger. Of course, the building is not set up purely as the living needs of residents and tourists. It is also an integral part of the scenery for people to enjoy and integrated into the natural scenery of the garden. If the natural scenery is properly decorated with artificial buildings, it can show its charm and add color to the landscape.
1、 Characteristics of classical garden architecture
The combination of the building and the environment is first of all to adjust measures to local conditions, strive to combine with the terrain, terrain and landform of the base site, achieve the overall layout according to the shape, and make full use of the natural
terrain and landform.
Secondly, the building volume should be small rather than large. Because in the natural landscape, the landscape is dominant, and the architecture is from. Compared with nature, the relative volume and absolute scale of buildings and the proportion of scenery composition are very small.
In short, the landscape architecture design should consider the architecture as a landscape element, and make it integrate with the surrounding landscape, rocks, trees, etc., to form a beautiful landscape. Moreover, the landscape is the main body, and the architecture is a part of it.
2、 The form of Chinese classical garden architecture
A covered passage is called a gallery. The corridor is long, narrow, unobstructed, curved and empty. It is used to connect scenic spots and scenic spots. It is a kind of building that "leads" and "views". Long, narrow and unobstructed can promote people to have certain emotions of expectation and seeking, and can achieve the goal of "fascinating"; Curved and empty, you can see the ever-changing scenery, and you can move the scenery step by step. In
addition, the colonnade also has the function of frame view.
Pavilions are the most common buildings in gardens. It is mainly for people to rest and view the scenery, and also serves as a scenic spot. Pavilions can be built at roadside bridgehead, regardless of the mountains. The forms of pavilions are ever-changing. If they are divided according to the plane shape, the common ones are triangle pavilions, square pavilions, round pavilions, rectangular pavilions and octagonal pavilions; According to the form of the roof, there are dianxian Pavilion and xishan Pavilion; According to the location, there are bridge pavilions, road pavilions, well pavilions and corridor pavilions. In short, it can let the imagination and creativity of the gardener enrich its shape and add beauty to the garden at the same time.
The hall is often in a closed courtyard layout, with doors and windows on the front. It is the living place of the garden owner. Generally speaking, different halls have different functions. They are used for receiving guests, entertaining and watching plays, and some are study rooms. Therefore, the functions of each hall depend on the specific situation and are different from each other.
Hall is the most important building in private garden. It is often the layout center of the whole park. It is the essence of the whole park and the gathering place of numerous sceneries. As a rule, the hall always faces north. Looking from the hall to the north, it is the most important landscape of the whole mountain. It is usually a landscape composed of a pool and a stacked mountain in the north of the pool.
Pavilions are often built on the water surface and by the banks of flowers to create scenery. The pavilions are small, exquisite and open buildings. The interior decoration is simple and elegant. You can watch fish or appreciate flowers and trees near, and you can overlook from afar. They are the best scenic spot in the tour line and one of the most moving architectural forms of the scenic spot.
The pavilion is the tallest building in the private garden for visitors to rest, drink tea and climb high to view the scenery. The pavilion usually has a roof of more than two floors, which is more hollow than the building, and can be viewed from all sides.
The boat is a ship shaped building near the water or in the water. It is divided into three sections at the front and back. The front cabin
is high and the middle cabin is slightly low. A two-story building is built in the rear cabin for climbing and overlooking. Flat front end? Connect with the shore and imitate the springboard for boarding. Due to immobility, it is also called not tying the boat. Being in the water makes people closer to the water. Being in the water makes people feel like being in the water. It is a place in the garden for people to rest, enjoy, drink and feast.
3、 The style of Chinese classical garden architecture
1. implicit performance
Implicit effect is one of the important architectural styles of Chinese classical gardens. The pursuit of implicitness is related to the pursuit of implicitness in Chinese poetry and painting art. In painting, it emphasizes the artistic realm of "the meaning is far away and the environment is deep"; It emphasizes twists and turns in the garden, which is implicit and unpredictable. This implication can be understood from two aspects: first, its artistic conception is implicit; Second, from the perspective of garden layout, Chinese gardens are often not straightforward, but tortuous and unpredictable. The implicit effect is often achieved by skillfully comparing the virtual
reality, hidden dew, and straightness of the landscape image. For example, the beautiful lotus pond, bridge and other scenery outside the gate attract the tourists' hearts closely. However, the high wall only exposes some roofs, trees and high buildings in the garden, and there is no panoramic view inside. This will arouse people's leisure and interest in understanding the landscape of the garden. This is the case with the summer palace in Beijing. The main hall is used at the entrance of the summer palace to cover the main scenery of the garden (Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake). Through the main hall, you can suddenly see the longevity hill and Kunming Lake. The scenery of the mountains and waters is more beautiful. In Jiangnan gardens, window leakage often becomes an implicit means. Through window leakage, the landscape outside the window is vague, which is much more interesting than a glance.
2. emphasize artistic conception
"Artistic conception" pursued by Chinese Classical Gardens "The two characters are mainly natural landscape gardens. Generally speaking, the garden should take natural landscape as the main body. In the garden, even if there are dense buildings, there must
be natural interest. In order to make the garden promising, feasible, tourablem and habitable, various corresponding buildings must be built in the garden. However, the buildings in the garden should not overwhelm or destroy the main body, but should highlight the main body of landscape, and integrate with the natural landscape to strengthen the It aims to achieve the organic integration of nature and architecture, and sublimate it into a work of art. The creation method of garden artistic conception has its own Chinese characteristics and profound cultural roots. The creative method of melting feelings into the country can be summarized into three aspects:
The process of "body object". That is to say, in the process of investigation and research, the creation of garden artistic conception must make a detailed observation of the feelings that are suitable to be expressed in the specific environment and scenery. The images of things have their own characteristics of expressing personality and affection, which is an objective phenomenon. For example, people often compare willow silk with women and tenderness; Compare flowers to children or beauties; Compared
with general Cooper, he was steadfast. If you don't compare things with each other, you can't express the characteristics of things. Not only compared, but also experienced and good at discovering. If stones are used to symbolize firm character, pebbles and flower stones are inferior to Yellowstone and Panshi because they are not only in quality, but also in form.
The process of "Yijiang management". On the basis of body and object, artistic conception can be expressed. Then plan the layout and cut the scenery according to the intention. The richness of garden artistic conception must be borrowed according to the conditions. Ji Cheng said in the chapter "borrowing scenery" in yuanhe that "taking scenery by borrowing" is not only about borrowing scenery in composition, but also for enriching artistic conception.
"Bi" and "Xing". It is the expressive means of aesthetic consciousness in the pre Qin period of China. "Wen Xin Diao Long" has the definition of "comparison and prosperity": "those who compare attach themselves; those who rise also." "Comparison is to compare this thing with other things". For example, "Lansheng
secluded valley is not fragrant for no one" is a natural phenomenon, which can be compared to the noble morality of people. "Xing" is to express feelings directly with the help of scenery, such as "the wild pond is flooded in spring, and the sunset in the flower dock is late" and the pleasant feeling in the scenery arises spontaneously. "Bi" and "Xing" are sometimes difficult to categorize. They are often used together. They are both ways to express, repose, express and convey feelings through foreign objects and scenes.
3. highlight religious superstition and feudal ethics
Chinese classical architecture is closely related to the worship of immortals and feudal ethics, and it is also reflected in garden architecture. In the Han Dynasty, there were many "louguana" in gardens because people thought that immortals liked to live high. In addition, there is another important embodiment, the kissing beast, which can only be seen on the sculpture decorations of the royal architecture. Kissing animals is the general name of many kinds of divine animals created by people who worship dragons.
4. the plane layout is concise and regular
There is a concise organization law in the plane layout of ancient
Chinese architecture, that is, every house, palace, government office, temple and other buildings are composed of several single buildings and some surrounding corridors, walls and other buildings that form a courtyard. Generally speaking, most courtyards are connected in series from front to back, reaching the backyard through the front yard, which is the product of the ideology of "orderly growth of children and differences between inside and outside" in Chinese feudal society. The main characters in the family, or those who should be isolated from the outside world (such as the girls of noble families), often live in the courtyard far away from the outside door, which forms a deep spatial organization of one courtyard after another.
5. different regional cultures have different garden architectural styles
Luoyang has been famous for peonies since ancient times. Many flowers, bamboo and trees are planted in the gardens, especially peonies and peonies. In contrast, the design of pavilions and other buildings is very important. Even some gardens only build temporary buildings during the flowering period, which are called
"curtain houses" and "city shops". As soon as the flowering period passed, the curtain houses and shops were demolished, and there were basically no fixed buildings.
Yangzhou gardens have exquisite architectural decoration and fine performance. This is because most of the gardens in Yangzhou were built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and many of the builders were built by tycoons and local officials at that time. The purpose is to show off their wealth and whitewash peace, so it has a distinct utilitarian nature.
conclusion
Looking at the development of Chinese classical gardens, we can see that this view of gardens with the aesthetic characteristics of ancient Chinese people, which is embodied in classical gardens, is not only limited to the visual perception of shapes and colors and the psychological description of human conquest of nature in a general sense, but more importantly, it is the inevitable product of cultural development, that is, the adjustment of people's living environment through garden art, To grasp the characteristics and significance of human existence.。