第八讲-词序调整法 PPT

汉语在语序上的表达习惯：
(1) 汉语一般状语在前，动词在后 (2) 汉语一般时间状语在先，地点状语在后 (3) 汉语重人称，人称主语在前，原物称主
语在后 (4) 汉语多主动语态，“真主语”在前，
“假主语”在后 (5) 汉语一般从句在前，主句在后 (6) 汉语中，定语或定语从句常置于被修饰
a modernized, powerful socialist country 社会主义现代化强国
a great and most glorious cause 极其光荣伟大的事业
Generally speaking, especially in colloquial speech or literary works, a series of attributive modifiers in Chinese is seldom completely placed before a noun: with some before the noun, and the rest after.
1. Definition and discussion
By inversion in translation we mean that the constituent elements of a sentence are arranged in a way different from the general rules of word order of the language in question. Each language has its own peculiarities in word order. The natural order in English may mean the inverted order in Chinese. Put it more clearly, inversion, as one of the translation techniques, means the necessary or even inevitable change of word-order in a sentence according to the usage of the language to be translated into. This change of word order is necessary because, first of all, each language has its own natural word order and its own peculiarities in word order, secondly, inversion, as a stylistic device, is often used for emphasis.
Inversion 词序调整法
要保留原文中信息所负载的内容，就必须改 变语言形式。对语言形式改变的程度取决于 始源语同目的语之间在语言上、文化上有多
长的距离。
1. Definition and discussion 2.Inversion of word/phrase order 3. Position of attributive words, phrases, 4. Position of adverbial words, phrases 5.Inversion of sentence structure
无地和少地的农民
Small and medium-sized enterprises
中小企业
a small round wooden table 一张木制小圆桌
a brave hard-working people 一个勤劳勇敢的民族
an outstanding contemporary American writer 一位美国现代优秀作家
Keith: A little, yeቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱlow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar.
凯斯是一个讨饭的，他身材矮小，面色苍黄， 衣衫褴褛，瘸腿，满脸胡子。
She was an intelligent, attractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of a well-to-do doctor in Haddington. (The New Encyclopedia Britannica)
的名词前
汉语在语序上的表达习惯：
(7) 汉语中，行为动作先发生的在前，后发 生的在后
(9) 汉语中，地点状语的语序是，大地方在 先，小地方在后
汉语重人称，人称主语在前，原物称主 语在后
A wave of cigar smoke accompanied him in.
他进门时带进来一缕雪茄烟雾。 Hunting is his latest enthusiasm. 他最近热衷于打猎。
1. Inversion of Word Order in Translating Word-Groups or Phrases
The coordinating words of an English wordgroup or phrases are usually arranged according to their shades of meaning: “each is more impressive than the preceding” (Fowler 1965: 92). Chinese word order is often the opposite. Thus a common rule for translation is:
大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
loss and gain
得失
track and field (events)
田径运动
the iron and steel industry
钢铁工业
open-door policy
门户开放政策
peasants who had little or no land