高一英语必修二语法

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高一英语必修二语法知识点总结

高一英语必修二语法知识点总结

高一英语必修二语法知识点总结1.高一英语必修二语法知识点总结篇一被动语态的构成被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。

助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。

几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下:1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词例如:These trees were planted the year before last.3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词例如:Your radio is being repaired now.5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词When he got there, the problem was being discussed.6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词His work has been finished.Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.2.高一英语必修二语法知识点总结篇二1) from now/today/then/that time on自现在起/今天/那时/那时起2) go by经过,依照,作为指南3) go by sb/the law从某人旁边经过/遵守法律4) let a chance go by放过机会5) (time) go by (时光)流逝6) go after/go over/go out追求/检查/熄灭7) go all out/ go in for全力以赴/从事,酷爱8) go through遭受9) as a result结果,因此10) as a result of作为的结果11) with the result that结果是,因此12) without result毫无结果13) result from = lie in因引起14) achieve ones goal实现某人的目15) set a goal设定一个目标16) a personal call亲自访问17) ones personal view某人的个人观点18) personally speaking就个人而言19) in a way = in one way在某种程度上20) in no way一点也不,决不3.高一英语必修二语法知识点总结篇三1. dream of/about (doing) sth. 梦想;幻想2. pretend to do / be 假装做某事3. to be honest 说实话be honest with sb. 对某人坦白be honest in sth. 坦白承认4. attache… to认为有(重要性、意义);附上;连接5. form the habit of 养成……的习惯6. perform侧重表演的能力、技巧或效果;主语可以是人或动物act 侧重“扮演、担任”某一角色,侧重于动作,主语通常是人。

人教版高一英语必修二语法unit1-定语从句-(3)限制性非限制性定从

人教版高一英语必修二语法unit1-定语从句-(3)限制性非限制性定从

A. whom
B. who C. / D. he
• 13. The boy ___D__ has two lovely dogs.
A. who live next door B. which lives next door
C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door
This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.
是我昨天用过的那一个--同一个
This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.
跟我昨天用过的那台一样--长得像
表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。此时as可以翻译为 “正如;就像”等。由as引导的从句可在句首,句中或句尾。
He is so honest a boy as everyone likes.
He is not the same man as he was.
so/such...as...与 so/such...that...
在限制性定语从句中,当先行词被so\such修饰时,关系词用as, 在从句中充当成分。 但so/such...that引导结果状语从句,连接 词在句中不充当成分,没意义。
as often happens
正如经常发生的那样
as can be seen/ judged from... 从...中可以看出、判断出
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:
1) 含义的区别 as 有“正如,就像”之意,表示依据、看法、态度等; which 多译为 “这;这一点”,表示事实、转折、起因、让步等。
A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there

高一英语必修二语法总结

高一英语必修二语法总结

高一英语必修二语法总结 English Answer:1. Nouns:Countable and Uncountable Nouns.Proper and Common Nouns.Collective Nouns.Abstract Nouns.2. Articles:Indefinite Articles (a/an)。

Definite Article (the)。

Use of Articles.3. Pronouns:Personal Pronouns (Nominative and Objective Forms)。

Possessive Pronouns.Demonstrative Pronouns.Indefinite Pronouns.4. Verbs:Present Simple Tense.Present Continuous Tense.Present Perfect Tense.Past Simple Tense.Past Continuous Tense.Past Perfect Tense.Future Simple Tense.Future Continuous Tense. Future Perfect Tense.5. Adjectives and Adverbs: Types of Adjectives.Comparison of Adjectives. Types of Adverbs.Comparison of Adverbs.6. Prepositions:Common Prepositions.Prepositions of Place.Prepositions of Time.Prepositions of Manner.7. Conjunctions:Coordinating Conjunctions (and, but, or)。

Subordinating Conjunctions (because, although)。

外研版高一英语必修二全书知识点总结

外研版高一英语必修二全书知识点总结

高中英语必修2(外研版)Unit 1 Our Body and Healthy Habits知识点总结一、重点词汇四者都可以指“伤害、伤痛”。

他的名字叫汉森,在挪威是一个常见的名字。

As a general rule, prices follow demands.一般而言,物价随需求而变化。

Now electrical appliances have entered into ordinary families.现在,家用电器已经步入普通家庭。

1. a healthy/balanced diet:健康的/均衡的饮食2. go/be on a diet:用规定食谱;节食You don't have to go on a diet to lose weight.你不需要靠节食来减肥。

1. be anxious about sth.:为…担心,忧虑2. be anxious for sth.:渴望…3. be anxious to do sth.:急于,渴望做某事I am anxious about the parcel because it hasn't arrived.我对这包裹很担心,因为它还没到。

The whole country was anxious for peace.全国上下都渴望和平。

She was anxious to finish school and get a job.她渴望毕业找一份工作。

He's still crazy about both his work and his hobbies.他对工作和个人爱好依然保持狂热。

The teacher began his class with a question.老师以一个问题开始他的讲课。

He got injured through his own carelessness.他由于粗心受伤了。

In large cities people breathe in dangerous gases from cars and chimneys.在大城市人们呼吸时吸入汽车和烟囱排出的有害气体。

高一英语必修二知识点总结

高一英语必修二知识点总结

1 Friendship一、知识点1. be good to 对……友好be good for 对……有利;be bad to…/be bad for…I will be good to other people.我会仁慈的对待其他人.It would be good for you to spend a holiday in the sun. 在有阳光的地址度假会给你带来很多益处。

The Olympics will be good for business. 奥运会的召开将有利于商业的进展。

be good at 擅长make good 有成绩;成功as good as 事实上;几乎等于a good deal 许多,大量完全的;完全的;痛快的to have a good drink 喝个痛快2. add up 加起来add up to 合计,共计add… to 把……加到…… add to 增加Add up your score and see how many points you get? 把你的分数加起来,看看得多少?Some people can add up quite easily in their heads, but not all.Good friends do not add up what they do for each other; instead they offer help when it is needed. The figures add up to 270. 这些数字加起来是270。

You shouldn’t add fuel to the flame 你不该该火上加油Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night. 焰火使节日的夜晚加倍生色。

The bad weather added to the shipwrecked sailors’ difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了出事船只的船员们的困难。

高一英语第二册重要知识点

高一英语第二册重要知识点

高一英语第二册重要知识点一、语法知识点1. 时态与语态时态:- 一般现在时:用于表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

- 一般过去时:用于表示发生在过去某个时间的动作或状态。

- 一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作。

- 现在进行时:表示现阶段正在进行的动作。

- 过去进行时:表示过去某个时间段内正在进行的动作。

语态:- 主动语态:强调动作的执行者。

- 被动语态:强调动作的承受者。

2. 从句- 名词性从句:可以充当主语、宾语、或表语。

- 定语从句:修饰名词或代词。

- 状语从句:表示时间、条件、原因、目的等。

3. 并列连词与从属连词- 并列连词:连接同等重要的词、短语、句子,如and、but、or等。

- 从属连词:连接主从复合句,如because、although、if等。

4. 虚拟语气- 虚拟条件句:表示与现实相反或不可能实现的假设。

- 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用:表示对未来动作的想象、猜测或对过去情况的虚构。

二、阅读技巧1. 阅读理解- 通读全文:先快速浏览全文,了解文章的大意和结构。

- 理解段落关系:理解各段之间的逻辑关系,把握文章的脉络。

- 注意细节信息:找出文章中的关键词、数字、时间等细节信息,帮助回答问题。

- 推理推断:根据文章中的线索进行推理推断,补充或推导出未明确提及的信息。

- 答案定位:根据题目要求,在文章中迅速定位答案所在的段落。

- 选项排除:排除与题目不相符的选项,缩小答案范围。

2. 阅读技巧- 词汇理解:根据上下文推断生词的意思。

- 正确发音:对单词的正确发音进行练习。

- 快速阅读:提高阅读速度和理解能力,培养整体把握文章的能力。

- 划线标记:在阅读过程中划线,标记出重点信息,有助于后期复习和查找。

三、写作技巧1. 作文结构- 开头:引入话题背景,引起读者兴趣。

- 主体:逐步展开观点、论据,进行论述。

- 结尾:总结全文,提出建议或展望未来。

2. 句子结构- 主谓一致:主语与谓语动词的单复数要一致。

高一英语 必修二语法归纳

高一英语 必修二语法归纳

高一英语必修二语法归纳New words and expressions1.cultural adj. 文化的Eg. 在中国有许多文化遗产,包括古代的花瓶及房子。

There are many cultural relics in China, including ancient vases and houses.culture ucn. 文化Chinese culture2. rare adj. 稀有的,珍贵的,稀薄的,半熟的Eg. 这些花在这个国家很罕有。

These flowers are rare in this country.金子是贵重的金属。

Gold is a rare metal.越往山上爬,空气越稀薄。

The higher you climb up the mountain, the rarer the air is.我吃了一块做得很嫩的牛排。

I had a rare beef steak.3. valuable adj. 贵重的,有价值的Eg. 他给我买了一只贵重的戒指作生日礼物。

He bought me a valuable ring as a birthday present.▲be valuable to /for 对…有价值,对..有用Eg. 这一经历对我很有用。

This experience is valuable to me.value n. 价值4. survive v. 幸免,幸存,生还Eg. 在这起车祸中,没有人生还。

In the car accident, no one survived.▲survive on sth 靠……生存Eg.她在沙漠中靠饼干和水生存了一周。

She survived on biscuit and water for a week .▲ survive from+时间流传(保留下来)Eg.这几栋建筑是从清朝流传下来的。

These buildings survive from Qing Dynasty.survivor n. 生还者survival n. 生还5. search ①v. 搜查Eg.他搜查了这房子的每一个房间。

人教版高一英语必修2语法知识汇总+练习

人教版高一英语必修2语法知识汇总+练习

人教版高一英语必修2语法知识汇总+练习必修二 Unit1 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:①形式不同:作为补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个句子。

Eg:This is the house which we bought last month. (限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. (非限制性)②功能不同:限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清。

而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不失分密切,只是对于其做一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。

如将非限定性定语从句省略,主句的意义仍然完整。

Eg:①People who take physical exercise live longer.(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义。

)②His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.(若把从句去掉,句子意义仍然完整。

)③翻译不同:在翻译定语从句时,一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词前面,而把非限定性语从句与主句分开。

翻译下列句子,注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意义上的区别。

1.He has a brother who is a physicist.2.他有一个当医生的兄弟。

(不止一个兄弟,其中一个是医生)He has a brother, who is a physicist.他有一个兄弟,是个医生。

(只有一个兄弟)4.他把所有的英文书都归还了。

(还有别的书没归还)He returned all the books, which are written in English.他把所有的书都归还了;这些书都是英文书。

*想一想:为什么当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的?关系词的使用情况有所不同(一) that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句,大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句,但 that 不可。

高一英语外研版必修二全部语法及详解

高一英语外研版必修二全部语法及详解

高一英语外研版必修二全部语法及详解一、动词时态1、一般现在时一般现在时表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作(有时间规律发生的事件)的一种时间状态。

基本用法:a.表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

例如:often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday等。

例如:I usually go to school by bike every day.我每天通常骑自行车上学。

b.表示主语具备的性格和能力等。

例如:I am able to speak English.我会说英语。

c.表示客观事实或普遍真理。

例如:The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

2、现在进行时现在进行时表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

基本用法:a.表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

例如:Please don't make so much noise!别那么大声嚷嚷!b.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。

例如:He is preparing for his examination.他在为考试作准备。

c.与always,often等连用,表示反复出现的习惯性的动作。

例如:He is always causing trouble.他总是惹麻烦。

3、现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的结果。

也可表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态持续到说话时刚刚结束。

基本用法:a.表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的结果。

例如:The ground is wet,it has rained.地面是湿的,已经下过雨了。

b.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态持续到说话时刚刚结束。

例如:He has just finished his homework.他刚刚完成了他的家庭作业。

外研版高一英语必修二单词表对于正在学习外研版高一英语必修二的学生来说,掌握单词表中的词汇是非常重要的。

高一英语语法复习--必修二

高一英语语法复习--必修二

高一英语语法复习必修二Unit1和unit5。

非限制定语从句和定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,也称作形容词性从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。

它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。

A.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。

What was the name of the man who lent you the money借钱给你的那人叫什么名字?(定语从句修饰先行词the man)He who laughs lst laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。

(定语从句修饰先行词he)The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.会议主席坐在我右边,他先发言。

(定语从句修饰先行词the chairman)B.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语。

在口语或非正式文体中,whom可省略或可用who来代替,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。

There are some people (whomwho)we like and others (whomwho) we dislike.有些人我们是喜欢的,有些人则是我们讨厌的。

(定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others)The people whomwho I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。

(定语从句修饰先行词the people)Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in or plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过,他对我们的计划很感兴趣。

高一英语必修二知识点归纳

高一英语必修二知识点归纳

高一英语必修二知识点归纳Unit1 Cultural relics1.in search of(介词短语)寻找search for(动词短语)2.survive vi. 幸存,生还survivor n. 幸存者3. be decorated with被用··来装饰decorate sth with sth用某物装饰某物4. belong to属于,是…的成员5. serve as 担任,充当6.in return 作为回报, 作为回馈in return for 作为…的回报7. 定语从句修饰the way的关系代词可用that / in which / 不填eg.I did it in the way that/in which you taught me.I want to know the way he told you yesterday.8.light 照亮,点亮light-lit-lit 或light-lighted-lighted9. there is no doubt that…毫无疑问……10. be worth sth. 值得…be (well) worth doing sth.很值得做…sth is worthy of being done = sth is worthy to be done it’s worthwhile doing sth = it’s worthwhile to do sth11. be at war 处于战争状态,交战12.remain vi. 留下,残留+doinglink-v. 保持,继续+adj.13.to one’s amazement 令人吃惊的是be amazed at/by 对…大为吃惊14.There is no doubt that…毫无疑问…There is some doubt whether…15.apart from除了…之外16.be doing sth when…正在做某事,这时eg.He was waiting for his friend in the park when it began to rain.17.agree with同意某人的意见agree on 就…达成一致意见agree to do sth 同意做某事18.当否定副词及含有否定词的介词短语放句首时,句子需要用部分倒装。

高一英语必修二知识点总结归纳

高一英语必修二知识点总结归纳

高一英语必修二知识点总结归纳一、语法知识点总结1. 时态- 一般现在时:表示经常性或惯性动作,以及客观事实等。

- 一般过去时:表示过去某个时间内发生的动作或状态。

- 一般将来时:表示将来某个时间或将来的计划。

2. 从句- 名词性从句:可作主语、宾语、表语或介词宾语等。

- 定语从句:用来修饰名词,通常使用关系代词或关系副词引导。

- 状语从句:用来表示目的、原因、条件、结果等。

3. 语态- 被动语态:将动作的承受者放在句子的主语位置,可以使用"be"动词的不同形式和过去分词形式。

二、词汇知识点总结1. 同义词- happy: glad, joyful, delighted- sad: unhappy, gloomy, sorrowful- big: large, huge, enormous- small: tiny, little, petite2. 反义词- happy: sad- big: small- fast: slow- old: young三、阅读理解技巧1. 主旨理解- 通过首段或题目确定文章的主题或中心思想。

2. 词义推断- 根据文章上下文推断生词或难词的含义。

3. 推理判断- 根据文章中的信息进行推理分析,判断某个观点的正确性。

四、写作技巧1. 描述- 使用形容词、副词等修饰词语,使描述更生动具体。

2. 议论文- 使用合理的论点和充分的论据,支持自己的观点。

3. 作文评分要素- 语法准确性、词汇使用的丰富性、行文的连贯性等是作文评分的重要要素。

以上是高一英语必修二知识点的总结归纳,希望对你有所帮助!。

高一英语必修二语法

高一英语必修二语法

M o d u l e1G r a m m a rI. be going to 的用法be going to结构表示按计划、打算去做某事,表示人的主管意图,有时还可表示预测有迹象要发生某事。

如:. How long is your aunt going to stay in China for a visit?(计划、打算). Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.(有迹象要发生). George is putting on weight. He is going to be quite fat.(预测)II. be going to与will的区别. will表示说话人认为、相信要发生的事, 不含具体时间, 可以指遥远的将来; be going to 表示按计划、打算即将发生的事。

. 二者都可以表示“意图”。

但是表示事先考虑的事情用be going to, 否则用will。

如:I am not going to / won’t tell him about it.--This is a very heavy box.--I’ll help you to carry it.. be going to 可以用在条件句中表示将来, will则不行。

如:If you are going to attend the party, you’d better leave now.Module 2 Grammar不定式作状语不定式作目的状语He broke into the house to steal something.Many drug addicts are now in treatment centers to stop taking drugs.He’s saving up to buy a new car.He uses a computer to send emails.2)有时候在不定式前面加上in order to或so as to, 否定式为in order not to 和so as not to:Let’s hurry so as to go to school in time.Let’s hurry so as not to be late for school.She studied very hard in order to catch up with others.She studied very hard in order not to lag behind.3) 不定式表示目的时,通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,但如果不是的话,就要用for…结构表示逻辑主语,如:Mom opened the door for Jane and Betty to come in.Module 3 GrammarI. 时间状语从句II. 过去完成时时间状语从句. 常见的连接时间状语从句的连接词有:when, while, as, before, after, until/till, since, ever since, whenever, as soon as, no sooner…than,hardly / scarcely…when 等WhenWhen 还有意义为‘这时’,(at this time)‘那时’(at that time) 常用于下列句型:Somebody was doing something when……某人正在做……突然……Somebody was about to do something when…….某人正要做……突然……Somebody had just done something when……某人刚刚干了……这时……1, I was reading English when my teacher came in.2, I was about to talk in the classroom when the teacher came in.3, I had just made the mistake when the teacher came in .While观察:While they were doing homework, someone broke into the house.While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.分析:while引导的从句表示“在……过程中”,强调某一段时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发生。

译林牛津高一英语必修二语法完成时态

译林牛津高一英语必修二语法完成时态

精心整理完成时态一、完成时态有两种用法:1.第一种:过去发生的动作或状态对现在产生的结果和影响。

(瞬间动词适用于这种情况);常与yet ,already ,just 连用。

2.for ,si nce (1(21.①⑤自从(since)刚刚(just)for 一段,今天(today)已经(already/yet)很明显。

2.常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:since,for,during,over 等引导出的短语;副词already,yet,just,ever,now,before,often,lately,recently等;状语词组thisweek(morning,month,year),sofar,uptonow,manytimes,uptothepresent等。

This(That)is(was)thefirst(second…)time+定语从句;This(That,It)is(was)theonly(last)+n+定语从句;This(That,It)is(was)+形容词最高级+n+定语从句。

(1)(2)如stayopen,?close,?finish,?begin,?come,?go,?arrive,?reach,?get?to,?leave,?move,?borrow,?buy等。

三、现在完成时态的用法1、表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在,而且还可能继续持续下去。

这时,谓语动词一般为延续性动词。

例如:●Ihavebeenateacherfor5years/since5yearsago.(五年前是个时间点。

一直持续到现在的的状态,一直在做老师,以后还是老师。

)●Theyhavelivedherefor7years.(第一层含义,到说话这一刻,一直住在这里,这是一个持续状态。

第二层含义,如果他们正在搬家时候说这句话,则说明live这一事实不再持续,到此为止,他们可能要搬去别处住。

)“●●●““2.表示过去某时发生或完成的某一动作,谓语动词是短暂性动词(对现在造成的影响或结果)。

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Module 1 GrammarI. be going to 的用法be going to结构表示按计划、打算去做某事,表示人的主管意图,有时还可表示预测有迹象要发生某事。

如:. How long is your aunt going to stay in China for a visit?(计划、打算). Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.(有迹象要发生). George is putting on weight. He is going to be quite fat.(预测)II. be going to与will的区别. will表示说话人认为、相信要发生的事, 不含具体时间, 可以指遥远的将来; be going to 表示按计划、打算即将发生的事。

. 二者都可以表示“意图”。

但是表示事先考虑的事情用be going to, 否则用will。

如: I am not going to / won’t tell him about it.--This is a very heavy box.--I’ll help you to carry it.. be going to 可以用在条件句中表示将来, will则不行。

如:If you are going to attend the party, you’d better leave now.Module 2 Grammar不定式作状语不定式作目的状语He broke into the house to steal something.Many drug addicts are now in treatment centers to stop taking drugs.He’s saving up to buy a new car.He uses a computer to send emails.2)有时候在不定式前面加上in order to或 so as to, 否定式为 in order not to 和so as not to:Let’s hurry so as to go to school in time.Let’s hurry so as not to be late for school.She studied very hard in order to catch up with others.She studied very hard in order not to lag behind.3) 不定式表示目的时,通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,但如果不是的话,就要用for…结构表示逻辑主语,如:Mom opened the door for Jane and Betty to come in.Module 3 GrammarI. 时间状语从句II. 过去完成时时间状语从句. 常见的连接时间状语从句的连接词有:when, while, as, before, after, until/till, since, ever since, whenever, as soon as, no sooner… than,hardly / scarcely… when 等WhenWhen 还有意义为‘这时’,(at this time)‘那时’(at that time) 常用于下列句型:Somebody was doing something when……某人正在做……突然……Somebody was about to do something when…….某人正要做……突然……Somebody had just done something when……某人刚刚干了……这时……1, I was reading English when my teacher came in.2, I was about to talk in the classroom when the teacher came in.3, I had just made the mistake when the teacher came in .While观察:While they were doing homework, someone broke into the house.While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.分析:while引导的从句表示“在……过程中”,强调某一段时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发生。

从句的动作表示较长时间,因此常用延续性动词。

While 表示强烈的对比关系,可译成“然而”She is tall while I am short.While I was studying English, he was playing football.As试观察:1) As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily.强调两个动作同时进行2) As he grew older, he found it difficult to compose good music.两种情况一起发展变化分析:as引导的从句表示“当……时;一边……一边……”,主句和从句的动作同时发生,强调伴随。

有时可译为“随着”。

过去完成时1过去完成时的构成:“助动词had+过去分词”The public wondered why the president hadn’t attended the top conference.2. 过去完成时的用法:1). 过去完成时主要用来表明在某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作, 它表示时间是“过去的过去”。

如:The patient had died when the doctor arrived.Up until then they had just finished half the work.He had pressed the button before we could stop him.When I had finished my everyday work, I did some gardening.2). 如果发生的动作很短暂, 或两个动作紧接着发生, 则常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

尤其是在含有before, after, as soon as的复合句中, 因为它们本身的词义就可以表示出先后顺序。

如:Just before I left New York, I sent an e-mail to Mr White, my teacher in the university.3). 过去完成时还可以表示未能实现的希望、愿望等, 常用的动词有except, hope, mean, suppose, think 等。

如:I had hoped to send him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage, but didn’t manage it.Mother had expected me to come to her birthday party, but I really had a lot of important work to do.Note:当动作紧接着发生, 次序明显时, 只需用一般过去时。

When he got home from work, he was very tired. He opened the door, turned on the light, washed his face and went to bed without taking off his clothes.2.与某个时间段或时间点连用时, 一般过去时表示动作在这个时间发生, 而过去完成时表示动作在这个时间之前就已经完成。

如:He learned Russian during his stay in Russia.He had already learned Russian during his stay in Russia.3. 在间接引语中,与过去完成时连用的时间状语从句常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

如:He told me somebody had phoned when I was out.John said the film had been on five minutes when he got to the cinema.Module 4 Grammar–ing form and the infinitive作主语(1) -ing形式和不定式都可在句中用作主语。

一般情况下可以互换。

To learn a foreign language is not easy.=Learning a foreign language is not easy. 学习外语是不容易的。

(2) 表示具体的, 特定情况下的或有待于完成的动作时, 常用不定式。

① To finish such a novel will take me several days.读完这本小说需要花去我几天的时间。

② It’s impossible to get to Beijing in three hours this time, because there issomething wrong with our car. 看来这次三个小时是到不了北京了, 因为我们的车出问题了。

在“It is + 形容词(如necessary) + for/ of sb. ”的结构后, 通常用不定式作真正的主语。

而“It is no use/no good/a waste of time”后通常接ing形式。

It’s quite impossible to finish the work with so little money.用这么少的钱想完成这项工作是不可能的。

② It’s no use asking him for help.向他求助是没有用的。

There is no 结构后只能接ing形式。

There is no knowing whether he is dead or alive.无从得知他是死是活。

作表语(1) 两者都可用作表语, 而且一般情况下可以互换。

His work is to paint houses. = His work is painting houses.他的工作就是粉刷房屋。

表示具体的, 特定情况下的, 将来的动作, 通常用动词不定式。

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