2015年杭州电子科技大学生物化学2015考研真题
621英语水平测试-电子科技大学2015硕士入学考试真题
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目:621英语水平测试注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are 5 passages, each with some questions or incomplete statements. Read them carefully and then choose from the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D to answer the questions or complete the statements. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Oh no, not Anthony Weiner again.The older generation never gets it. Anthony Weiner, a candidate for mayor of New York, admitted this week to having sent more snaps of himself to a digital acquaintance. As any youngster could have told him, the way to find love is to send photos of your face.Consider Will, a 24-year-old up-and-coming film director in California. He meets potential dates via a smartphone app called Tinder. It finds potential matches who are nearby—your phone always knows where you are—and shows him photos from their Facebook profiles. Will can like or reject each photo. If a woman he likes also likes him, both are alerted and can start chatting.Tinder is quick (you can scroll through dozens of photos in minutes) and spares your blushes (you never know if someone rejects you). Will has already had three romantic encounters and hundreds of matches, he says. Justin Mateen, a co-founder of Tinder, says it has made 100m matches since its launch in September, and led to 50 marriage proposals. He adds: “The app has only really been going for nine months. There could be a baby popping out soon.”Americans are dating longer, which creates opportunities for matchmakers. Some are quite direct.Bang with Friends (BWF), another app, allows users to specify which of their Facebook friends they would like to spend the night with. If both parties feel the same way, BWF notifies them. If not, no one is any the wiser. BWF was booted from Apple’s app store, but that hasn’t stopped it from creating 200,000 pairings since its January launch. BWF’s boss, admits he came up with the concept while “a bit tipsy”.Such apps make it easier to find potential partners, but don’t seem to have turned America into a nation of bed-hoppers. Young women claim to have had a median of 3.6 male intimate friends while young men 6.1 female ones. These figures may be inaccurate—men may exaggerate; women may undercount—but they have not changed much in years.Parents fret that staring at screens all day has made youngsters socially inept face-to-face. A第1 页共12 页survey by two dating sites found that 36-38% of Americans aged 21-34 ask for dates by text message. But when they meet, they must still make their moves in person. Witty joking and a well-placed wink still have their uses.1. It can be summarized from the first three paragraphs that _________.A. we used to judge a potential match by his or her appearanceB. one can find love by sending his photos to a digital acquaintanceC. Anthony Weiner is trying to win more votes from digital friendsD. Tinder will probably replace traditional matchmakers worldwide2. The sixth paragraph is focused on _________.A. the huge success that BWF has achievedB. the serious consequence of digital datingC. the evolution of matchmaking in the U.S.D. the future developments of Facebook3. The last paragraph implies that _________.A. excessive use of apps leaves youngsters socially awkwardB. most young people find love through text messagesC. people in love often move their homes before marriageD. verbal or non-verbal language is still used during dates4. Potential matches found by Tinder are probably _________.A. young, single, and nearbyB. poor, married, but lonelyC. illiterate, retired, but divorcedD. far-away, busy, and happyPassage 2The human body contains enormous quantities of energy. In fact, the average adult has as much energy stored in fat as a one-ton battery. That energy fuels our everyday activities, but what if those actions could in turn run the electronic devices we rely on? Today, innovators around the world are banking on our potential to do just that.Movement produces kinetic energy, which can be converted into power. In the past, devices that turned human kinetic energy into electricity, such as hand-cranked radios, computers and flashlights, involved a person’s full participation. But a growing field is tapping into our energy without our even noticing it.Consider, for example, a health club. With every step you take on a treadmill and with every muscle curl, you turn surplus calories into motion that could drive a generator and produce electricity. The energy from one person’s workout may not be much, but 100 people could contribute significantly to a facility’s power needs.That’s the idea behind the Green Microgym in Portland, Oregon, where machines likes tationary bikes harvest energy during workouts. Pedaling turns a generator, producing electricity that helps to power the building. For now, body energy supplies only a small fraction of the gym’s needs, but the amount should increase as more machines are adapted. “By being extremely energy-efficient and combining human power, solar and someday wind, I believe we’ll be able to be net-zero for electricity sometime this year,” says the gym’s owner, Adam Boesel. His bikes, by the way, aren’t the flirts to put pedal power to work. In some parts of the world, cyclists have been powering safety第2 页共12 页lights for years with devices called bicycle dynamos, which use a generator to create alternating current with every turn of the wheels.Dance clubs are also getting in on the action. In the Netherlands, Rotterdam’s new Club WATT has a floor that harnesses the energy created by the dancers’ steps. For now, it’s just enough to power LED lights in the floor, but in the future, more output is expected from newer technology.5. Using human body energy as power supplies _________.A. requires us to be strongB. is a great new ideaC. proves to be difficultD. is increasingly popular6. It can be learned that the Green Microgym _________.A. is using human, solar and wind power to produce electricityB. is the first to use bikes to harvest human body energyC. will be able to satisfy its power needs by using green energyD. will introduce the technology to other parts of the world7. What is the author’s most likely comment on the application of body energy?A. It is unrealistic at present.B. It has a promising future.C. Its effect is still unknown.D. It depends on the energy cost.Passage 3The first of Laurence Smith’s two weddings was meant to take place in the midwinter snow not far south of the Arctic Circle. The second foresaw balmy blue skies in Palm Springs, California. As it turned out, the guests were greeted by rain and slush in the far north, then by a chill and more rain in the Californian desert.If the weather is capable of surprising him, why should anyone trust Mr. Smith’s forecast for 2050? Because the growing freakiness of weather is precisely his point. Climate change is one of four mega-trends, along with globalization, population growth and surging demand for natural resources, that he thinks will shape the world over the coming decades. The first part of his book The New North: The World in 2050 is a familiar tale of teeming cities, roaring trade, harder-to-get-at oil and rising sea levels.But Mr. Smith comes into his own when he explores the consequences of these trends (climate change especially) for the quarter of the Earth that lies at latitudes above 45°N. A geographer at the University of California, Los Angeles, he specializes in the frozen lands of Russia, Canada, Alaska and Iceland. The region is about to undergo a great transformation.The planet’s warming may be global, but climate-change models predict it will be amplified in the north. Permafrost will melt and settlement patterns will change. Inland, construction will become trickier and ice roads less dependable, so development will gravitate to the coasts. By mid-century the Arctic Ocean may be briefly free of sea ice in September, a boon to shipping. Crops will spread north as seal hunters become farmers.Interest in the region’s vast and increasingly accessible natural resources is already growing, along with the potential for conflict over the rights to these riches. Mr. Smith believes there is every chance that the development of the “new north” will be peaceful, thanks to habits of cooperation and第3 页共12 页an internationally accepted rule book for laying down rights to the seabed. He sees a leading role for the region’s indigenous peoples.By 2050 the answers to some very big questions should be clear: what happens to the north’s massive stocks of carbon in the soil as it defrosts; whether great schemes to channel freshwater from north to south are attempted; how populous, resource-hungry China works with Russia’s emptying, resource-rich Far East. Mr. Smith reckons an area about one and a half times the size of the United States will be habitable, albeit for much of the year still cold and dark. The development of the new north, he thinks, might resemble that of the American West, dotted with settlements formed for mining and trade.Obscuring the view of 2050, however, is a caveat that looms as large as an Arctic iceberg. Mr. Smith sets ground rules that allow him to extrapolate into the future without worrying about disruptions such as game-changing leaps in technology. This is an “informed thought-experiment”rather than a proper prediction. But for anyone curious about the new north—let alone thinking of investing in Arctic derivatives—it is an instructive exercise.8. The word “boon” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by _________.A. prohibitionB. prosperityC. benefitD. catastrophe9. According to Laurence Smith, the following are all very likely to happen in the future decadesEXCEPT _________.A. The local people in the “new north” will benefit from the climate changeB. The development of the “new north” will be on a peaceful processC. The natural resources in the “new north” will be able to exploitedD. The large amounts of carbon in the “new north” soils will be safely controlled10. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The author takes a skeptical attitude towards Laurence Smith’s predictions of the Arctic.B. The author reckons Laurence Smith is somewhat optimistic in imagining the “new north”C. Laurence Smith did a lot of experiments in combining geographical predictions andeconomic development.D. Laurence Smith shares with the author that the future of the Article depends on ourawareness and actions.11. Which of the following titles is more appropriate for the passage?A. The Arctic: The de-icing ageB. Climate Change: Humankind’s futureC. A Day Dreamer: Laurence Smith’s new writing styleD. 2050: The end of the worldPassage 4The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as第4 页共12 页community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “local”news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?As to the first query. Consider how a so-called “factual” story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece. This is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph. This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) Of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a story—promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.12. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _________.A. Interpreting the News.B. Choosing Facts.C. Subjective versus Objective Processes.D. Everything Counts.13. Why does the writer of an article select ten out of fifty available facts?A. His editor is prejudiced.B. Space is limited.C. The subject is not important.D. The newspaper is arbitrary.14. What is the least effective way of “slanting” news?A. Placement.B. Concentration.C. InterpretationD. His editor is prejudiced.15. Why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?A. It will influence the reader to continue.B. It will be the best way to write.C. Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.D. It will gratify the editor.第5 页共12 页Passage 5One of the most pivotal moments in American literature occurred near the end of the nineteenth century as authors such as a young man named Stephen Crane began to embrace a literary style forged in Europe a bit earlier and which would come to be known as naturalism. Crane was born to parents in the ministry and grew up in a household grounded in religious beliefs and context. Yet, before long, Crane had, for the most part, rejected religion and the idea of divine intervention in favor of a more hands-on approach to the world. As he began to develop as a writer, naturalist themes of man versus nature, the unrelenting power of nature, and an objective view of the world began to dominate his writing. Naturalists attempted to depict the most accurate view of life unadulterated and unobstructed by external commentary or spiritual intervention. Ultimately Crane’s masterful short story The Open Boat stands as one of the most complete and developed works of the naturalist genre.The first apparent element of naturalism in The Open Boat is its subject matter—a shipwreck. Being as true to life as possible is one of the most common goals of a naturalistic writer, and, in this short story, Crane is no exception. It did not come from Crane’s imagination. Rather, it stemmed from his personal experience. As a young war reporter, Crane was on his way from Florida to Cuba when his vesse1, the Commodore, encountered a violent tempest. Within hours, the ship had sunk, leaving a few lucky survivors on a tiny lifeboat to be subjected to the full of nature. Throughout the story Crane depicts scene after scene as if they were snapshots or a shorn film of what the men in the boat were up against. Through his prose, Crane is able to reveal the unadulterated brutal realism manifest in nature itself.As Crane continues with the theme of man versus nature in The Open Boat, the element of pessimism crucial to any naturalistic work, becomes quite apparent. The men are at the mercy of the storms and the seas and cannot do much to save themselves. In this sense, Crane reveals the indifference of nature and the universe in relation to the life or plight of human beings in general. It’s obvious to him that angels will not swoop down and save the unfortunate men. The situation of the shipwreck is ideal because ordinary, everyday people must face an extreme situation from which it is more than likely that they will perish. Crane continually creates a mood of impending doom and the punishing nature of the universe throughout the story. Along the way, he provides little commentary on the situation, forcing readers to place themselves immediately on the boat with the men while enforcing the dark tone of the story. But, even to Crane and most naturalist writers, all is not lost.While Crane’s work The Open Boat is a dark account of a chance situation that turns fatal for many, but not all, of the crew of the Commodore, it also sets forth the main elements of a naturalistic literary work at the turn of the twentieth century. Despite the fact that nature can be unrelenting and compassionless towards humans at any given moment, Crane ultimately shows how individuals still always have the capacity to strive together to overcome hardships and disaster. Furthermore, the accuracy and detail by Crane shun any possibility of a sugarcoated reality and reveals the true ferocity of nature as it is.16. Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph about Stephen Crane?第6 页共12 页A. He enjoyed the ministry and listening to preachers.B. He did not enjoy writing when he was young.C. He was rivaled by no other author of his time.D. He was not in tune with the beliefs of his parents.17. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlinedsentence in the first paragraph?A. Naturalists liked to place their own opinions on spirituality in their writing.B. Naturalists placed more emphasis on representing life as it appeared to them.C. Naturalists tried to embody the most precise view of life by looking to religion.D. Naturalists believed the life was obstructed by outside ambition and spirituality.18. According to the second paragraph, The Open Boat is important as a naturalist work because_________.A. it is true account taken from Crane’s own personal experienceB. the story is completely fabricated from Crane’s imaginationC. it is based on a series of events in a shipwreck that Crane heard ofD. it does not attempt to glorify Crane’s heroism against nature19. The author discusses nature in the third paragraph in order to _________.A. show how Crane believes divine power will save humanityB. note that nature itself is stronger than all of humankindC. indicate that nature does not care for strife among peopleD. reveal how it is pessimistic toward life on Earth20. According to the fourth paragraph, the men in the boat are significant because _________.A. they show that by banding together, human beings can surviveB. they represent the ultimate downfall of life according to CraneC. they allow fate to run its course and decide their own futureD. they discount nature and do not take it seriously until the endPart II Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.21. The general manager usually _________ a question before he gives his answer.A. pondersB. extractsC. imploresD. enlists22. His classmates dislike him for his _________ as he always boasts about his family.A. reclusionB. pomposityC. prideD. austerity23. The writer told several _________ about his colleagues and made everybody laugh.A. legendsB. mythsC. fablesD. anecdotes24. She must have been pretty _____ to fall for such an old trick.A. interestedB. gullibleC. enthusiasticD. shrewd25. This is the ______ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A. trueB. originalC. realD. genuine第7 页共12 页26. A lack of appetite may be ________ of a major mental or physical disorder.A. inquisitiveB. initiativeC. indicativeD. informative27. The self-image controls a person’s attitudes or _________ of what happens to her.A. interpretationsB. approachesC. commitmentsD. simulations28. By the year 2040, Yale University will need over eight acres of land to _________ its library.A. manipulateB. accommodateC. illuminateD. obligate29. If you don’t know where you’ re going in life, you are _________ to wind up somewhere else.A. possibleB. inevitableC. optionalD. liable30. As far as marriage is concerned, it is mutual care and love that _________.A. mountsB. discountsC. countsD. calculates31. If the ten amendments that _________ the Bill of Rights of the US Constitution were a familyof ten children, you wouldn’t want to be the Third.A. includeB. embraceC. compriseD. involve32. The person in custody must, prior to interrogation, be clearly informed that he has the right toremain _________.A. silentB. taciturnC. speechlessD. consent33. The road wound rather _________ into a valley, in which the Pemberley House was situated.A. unprecedentedlyB. abruptlyC. promptlyD. irreversibly34. There is some reason for not giving up my career and _________ a different one.A. taking inB. bringing aboutC. arising fromD. embarking on35. Their house was in close _________ to ours, so we became intimate friends in time.A. vicinityB. contactC. relationD. community36. What all this _________ rhetoric obscured was the lack of hard evidence that violent mediaactually turns children into killers.A. multiculturalB. innovativeC. hyperbolicD. interactive37. A(n) _________ reading approach to reading is a combination of approaches—global, analyticand synthetic—used to suit the convenience of the reader.A. literalB. innovativeC. liberalD. eclectic38. _________ with languages gives you an edge in many jobs and professional opportunities, butis especially valuable in fields such as advertising, business, education and foreign affairs.A. ThresholdB. FacilityC. SpecializationD. Accommodation39. Rather than dictate how I think it ought to work, I would tell my employees to _________something that will work.A. get back toB. get out ofC. come along withD. come up with40. The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed ________ theirinterrelationships.A. in terms ofB. in aspects ofC. in units ofD. in case ofPart III Cloze (20 points)Directions: Fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word to complete the passage. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.第8 页共12 页Passage A:A new report published on November 4th takes a different approach.GlobalWebIndex (GWI), a market-research firm 41 local partners in 32 countries, surveys 170,000 consumers a year and recently began to ask detailed questions about internet use. It 42 China and India in the top three for Facebook users. SimilarWeb, 43 does IP-based analysis, does not even put China in the top ten.One reason for the 44 is that in many developing markets devices are widely shared. Conversely, more than three-quarters of respondents in the GWI report said they used more than one 45 . 46 factor is the spread of virtual private networks (VPNs) and proxy servers, which 47 it possible to surf the web through a foreign server.Once restricted to the tech-literate, these are now common and easy to use. Chinese citizens who want to vault the Great Firewall to use Facebook can do so with a couple of clicks. Foreign fans of the BBC can use the 48 trick to watch its programs via iPlayer, supposedly barred 49 Britain. Since VPNs and proxy servers are clustered in 50 with favorable rules, such as Sweden and the Netherlands, any count of visits to such sites will be skewed. 41. ____________42. ____________43. ____________44. ____________45. ____________46. ____________47. ____________48. ____________49. ____________50. ____________Passage B:Happy hours are not necessarily happy, 51 do they last for an hour, but they have become a part of the ritual of the office worker and businessman.52 weekdays in pubs and bars throughout America, there is the late afternoon happy hour. The time may 53 from place to place, but usually it is held from four to seven. 54 the workday is finished, office workers in large cities and small towns take a relaxing pause and do not go directly home. They head off 55 for the nearest bar or pub to be with friends, co-workers and colleagues. Within minutes the pub is filled to capacity 56 businessmen and secretaries, office clerks and stock executives. They gather 57 the bar like birds around a fountain or forest animals around a watering hole and chat about the trifles of office life or matters more personal. This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day’s stress at the office.At these happy hours, social binding occurs 58 people who share the same workplace or similar professions. They may chat about each other or talk about a planned project that has 59 to meet a deadline. In this 60 , these places become extensions of the workplace and constitute a good portion of one’s social life. 51. ____________52. ____________53. ____________54. ____________55. ____________56. ____________57. ____________58. ____________59. ____________60. ____________第9 页共12 页Part IV Paraphrasing (20 points)Directions: Paraphrase the underlined parts. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Consult any encyclopedia and you will find Charles Babbage credited with having conceived the first automatic digital computer. (61) Dig deeper, however, and it quickly becomes apparent that Babbage had a lot of help.Others before him had already tried to build calculating contraptions, notably Gottfried Leibniz, a German mathematician. (62) Babbage held regular salons and founded clubs where his ideas were sharpened. And there was also Ada Lovelace, his collaborator and the world’s first computer programmer.The argument against the great man theory of invention is not new. (63) But the main merit of Walter Isaacson’s new book The Innovators is to show that this is particularly true in information technology—despite the customary lionization of many of its pioneers, from Babbage and Alan Turing to Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds.All appear in Mr. Isaacson’s book, which explains its length. Whether their worlds revolved around the computer itself, the microchip, software, the PC, the internet or everything in between—these are all stories that show that invention always has many fathers (and mothers). (64) In fact, those who tried to go it alone tended to fail.(65) Mr. Isaacson thinks geniuses are important but they have to be seen in the context of times they lived in and the people they collaborated with. John von Neumann was a Hungarian-born polymath who worked on the ENIAC, one of the first programmable machines. His name is associated by many with early advances in programming and software architecture. (66) But it was a group of women who were at the forefront of programming, because back then it often involved plugging in wires and throwing switches. “If the ENIAC’s administrators had known how crucial programming would be…they might have been more hesitant to give such an important role to women,” he quotes one of them, Jean Jennings, as saying.(67) The ENIAC also shines a light on another issue: how innovation should best be commercialized. In 1945 von Neumann published a paper summarizing the project’s ideas—making it impossible for others on the team to patent them. The debate over whether innovation is better served by sharing intellectual property or by protecting it has been heated.(68) Mr. Isaacson clearly thinks that innovation is all about getting the mix right, though he doesn’t put it quite that way. If a brilliant leader is too self-involved, as was the case with William Shockley, an American physicist who helped invent the transistor radio, things fall apart. (69) Similarly, teams that lack a willful visionary often falter, as happened after Steve Jobs left Apple. Groups with a wide variety of specialities and experiences do much better than a bunch of left-brainers.The Innovators has not quite lived up to its own advice of getting the mix right. (70) Mr. Isaacson could have dedicated more pages to what he calls “lessons from the journey”, rather than retelling at length stories that other books have already laid out, even if he does give them credit. Then again, just like great technology, a good book doesn’t just emerge from nowhere.第10 页共12 页。
2015年电子科技大学成都考研真题693医学综合
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：693医学综合内科部分一、A型题：1-40小题，每题1.5分；41-50题，每小题2分；共80分。
在每小题给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中，请选出一项最符合题目要求的答案。
1. 人体内铁的主要吸收部位在A. 十二指肠及空肠上段B. 回肠C. 结肠D. 直肠2. 人血浆中主要运输内源性甘油三酯的脂蛋白是A. CMB. VLDLC. LDLD. HDL3. 分光光度法测定蛋白质含量依据的原理是A. 蛋白质分子大小不同B. 蛋白质是两性电解质C. 蛋白质紫外吸收性质D. 蛋白质溶液的亲水胶体性质4. 胆碱能M受体活化产生的效应是A. 心脏活动兴奋B. 支气管平滑肌收缩C. 胃肠平滑肌舒张D. 膀胱逼尿肌舒张5. 30岁男性患者，检查发现其血钠升高，血钾下降，全身血容量增加，血压升高，此时最可能的原因是A. 糖皮质激素增加B. 交感-肾上腺髓质活动加强C. 激肽系统活动加强D. 醛固酮增多6. 肺炎球菌肺炎，炎症消散后，肺部常见的是A. 肺部遗留纤维化B. 肺泡受损产生局部肺气肿或肺大泡C. 肺组织完全恢复正常D. 造成胸膜粘连增厚7. 对于放射治疗及化疗最敏感的肺癌类型是A. 鳞状上皮细胞癌B. 未分化细胞癌C. 腺癌D. 细支气管肺泡癌8. 以下不宜应用β阻滞剂的疾病是A. 二尖瓣脱垂B. 肥厚型心肌病C. 急性心肌梗死D. 变异型心绞痛9. 消化性溃疡病最常见的并发症是A. 幽门梗阻B. 出血C. 癌变D. 穿孔10. 结节性多动脉炎与系统性红斑狼疮，下列哪一项最具有鉴别诊断价值的是A. 关节痛B. 肾脏损害C. 白细胞计数增加，嗜酸性粒细胞增加，血小板增加D. ANA阳性11. 肝性脑病患者血氨增高，导致中枢神经系统功能紊乱最主要的机制是A. 干扰大脑的蛋白质代谢B. 干扰大脑的脂肪代谢C. 干扰大脑的水盐代谢D. 干扰大脑的能量代谢12. 一哮喘患者，表现为焦虑、烦躁、呼吸频率加快，能正确回答问题，但只能说单字，双肺可闻及满布哮鸣音，其可能诊断为A. 哮喘急性发作(轻度)B. 哮喘急性发作(中度)C. 哮喘急性发作(重度)D. 哮喘急性发作(危重)13. 老年人，出现呼吸节律不规则，伴有昏迷及双侧病理征，常见于A. 脑干出血B. 蛛网膜下隙出血C. 头外伤D. 脑炎14. 以下哪个发生消化道出血时不应输血小板A. 特发性血小板减少性紫癜B. 过敏性紫癜C. 血小板无力症D. 再生障碍性贫血15. 小剂量地塞米松抑制试验用于鉴别A. Cushing病与Cushing综合征B. Cushing病与异位ACTH综合征C. 单纯性肥胖与Cushing综合征D. 肾上腺皮质肿瘤与Cushing综合征16. 发生原位溶血时，红细胞破坏的部位最主要是在A. 肝脏B. 脾脏C. 血管内D. 骨髓17. 慢性肺源性心脏病肺动脉高压形成的最重要因素是A. 缺氧B. 呼吸性酸中毒C. 肺血管痉挛D. 高碳酸血症18. 巨细胞病毒性肺炎的病理类型通常是A. 大叶性肺炎B. 小叶性肺炎C. 间质性肺炎D. 伴肉芽肿形成的肺炎19. 胃溃疡发生上腹痛的特点，下列哪项最符合A. 劳累、天气骤变诱发B. 性质多样，可胀痛也可灼痛C. 呈进食-疼痛-缓解的过程D. 与刺激性饮食有关20. 艾滋病主要传播途径A. 性接触传染B. 注射C. 母婴传播D. 血液及血制品21. 患者平卧位时，如果叩诊移动性浊音阳性，游离腹水量至少已达A. 500mlB. 1500mlC. 2000mlD. 1000ml22. 预防丙型病毒性肝炎的最主要措施是A. 易感人群注射丙种球蛋白B. 加强血制品管理C. 阻断母婴传播D. 加强粪便、水源管理23. 慢性肾功能衰竭患者发生慢性肾脏病-矿物质骨异常（即肾性骨营养不良或肾性骨病）的最主要原因是A. 尿钙排泄增多B. 长期代谢性酸中毒C. 肾小球滤过率下降导致高磷血症D. 维生素D缺乏24. 患者男性，50岁，头晕，夜尿增多，入院后非同日两次坐位测量血压上肢血压为155/90 mmHg，下肢为170/100 mmHg，父母均患高血压病。
818固体物理-电子科技大学2015硕士入学考试真题
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：818 固体物理注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、填空题（共30分，每空1分）1、晶格常数为a 的CsCl 晶体，布喇菲格子是 ① ，基元含有 ② 个原子，初基原胞含有 ③ 个原子，惯用原胞含有 ④ 个原子，配位数是 ⑤ ；该晶体的初基原胞体积为 ⑥ ，惯用原胞体积为 ⑦ ，第一布里渊区体积为 ⑧ 。
电子科技大学(成都) 考研真题_349药学综合2015--2016
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：349 药学综合注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、选择题（下列每小题备选答案中，只有一个符合题意的正确答案；每小题3分，共90分）1、将《中华人民共和国药典》（简称《中国药典》）分为3部，并首次将《中国生物制品规程》纳入《中国药典》第三部，以生物制品标准单独成卷列入药典的是（）A.1995年版B.2000年版C.2005年版D.2010年版2、以下不属于药物的传递系统（DDS）需要的三种基本技能的是（）A.时间的控制B.空间的控制C.质的控制D.量的控制3、以下不属于空缺稳定理论影响因素的是（）A.高分子分子量的影响B.微粒大小的影响C.溶剂的影响D.浓度的影响4、下列液体制剂溶剂中属于非极性溶剂的是（）A.乙醇B.乙酸乙酯C.丙二醇D.聚乙二醇5、以下不属于油包水（W/O）型乳剂特征的是（）A.外观通常为乳白色B.可用油稀释C.不导电或几乎不导电D.水溶性染料内向染色6、以下适合做成胶囊剂的药物是（）A.易溶性的明胶B.易风干的药物C.易潮解的药物D.易溶性的刺激性药物共5页，第1页7、《中国药典》2010版规定的药筛选用国家标准的R40/3系列，药筛分为9个号，粉末分为6个等级，下列描述错误的是（）A.最粗粉应能全部通过一号筛B.最粗粉混有能通过二号筛的粉末不超过20%C.极细粉应能全部通过八号筛D. 极细粉含能通过九号筛的粉末不少于95%8、以下不属于非均相液体制剂的是（）A.凝胶剂B.溶胶剂C.乳剂D.混悬剂9、以下不属于缓、控释制剂与普通制剂相比的优点的是（）A.减少服药次数，大大提高了病人的顺应性B.提高药物的生物利用度，使血药浓度达峰时间更短，峰浓度更高C.可发挥药物的最佳治疗效果D.可以按要求定时、定位释放，更加适合疾病的治疗10、以下对经皮给药描述错误的是（）A.避免药物对胃肠道的副作用B.长时间维持恒定的血药浓度，避免峰谷现象，降低药物毒副反应C.减少给药次数，患者可以自主用药，特别适合于婴儿、老年人及不宜口服给药的患者D.由于起效较快，尤其适合要求起效快的药物。
电子科技大学(成都)考研历年真题之853细胞生物学2012--2015年考研真题
细胞生物学试题 第 1 页 共 5 页
5. 与其他膜相结构细胞器相比，线粒体内膜富含有的特殊脂类为: ( A. 心磷脂 B. 卵磷脂 C. 胆固醇 ） C．过氧化物酶体 ) C. 9Í3 三联管 ）
)
D. 磷脂酰乙醇胺
6. 膜蛋白高度糖基化的细胞器是： （ A．溶酶体 B．高尔基休
D．线粒体
7. 电镜下，中心粒的超微结构是: ( A. 9Í2 二联管
18. 高尔基体能将溶酶体的各类酶选择性地包装在一起，是因为这些蛋白质具有： （ A．Ser-Lys-Leu B．KKXX 序列 ） C．M6P 标志 D．KDEL 序列
19. 下列哪一类不属于细胞表面受体?（ A. 离子通道偶联受体 C. 甾体激素受体
B. G 蛋白偶联受体 D. 酶偶联受体 ）
20. 植物细胞壁中的纤维素和果胶质是在下述哪一细胞器中合成的?（ A．高尔基体 B．光面内质网 C．粗面内质网
23. 在一个细胞周期中，cdc 蛋白激酶的含量（ A. 发生周期性变化 C. 受周期蛋白 B 的调控 B. 是恒定的
D. 前几者都不是 ）
24. 内质网中可以识别不正确折叠的蛋白并促使其重新折叠的是： （ A. Bip 蛋白 B. Sec61 蛋白 C. 钙结合蛋白 ） C. GTP D. TTP
D. 细胞核中 ）
12. caspase 家族中，起细胞凋亡执行者作用的是： （ A. caspase 1、4、11 C. caspase 3、6、7 B. caspase 2、8、9 D. caspase 3、5、10 ）
13. 不能用于研究膜蛋白流动性的方法是： （ A. 荧光抗体免疫标记 C. 光脱色荧光恢复
B. 荧光能量共振转移 D. 荧光标记细胞融合 ） D. α-GTP
中国科学院大学2015年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学统一考试试题生物化学（甲）
中国科学院大学2015年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学统一考试试题生物化学（甲）中国科学院大学2015年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学统一考试试题科目名称：生物化学（甲）考生须知：1．本试卷满分为150分，全部考试时间总计180分钟。
2．所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或草稿纸上一律无效。
一、名词解释（每题2分，共20分）1. 穿梭质粒2. 多顺反子mRNA3. 半保留复制4. 冈崎片段5. 酶的比活性6. 逆转录7. 反馈抑制8. 氨酰tRNA9. DNA切除修复10. 受体二、单项选择题（每题1分，共30分）1. 以下（）不属于芳香族氨基酸。
A. PheB. TyrC. TrpD. Pro2. 蛋白质多肽链中只要有（）存在时，螺旋就会被中断。
A. 蛋氨酸B. 组氨酸C. 脯氨酸D.色氨酸科目名称：生物化学（甲）第1页共6页3. 生理pH条件下，有明显缓冲容量的氨基酸残基是（）。
A. ThrB. CysC. HisD. Tyr4. 圆二色性（CD）光谱技术常用来检测蛋白质的（）结构。
A. 一级B. 二级C. 三级D. 四级5.以下（）不是呼吸链的组成成份。
A. CoQB. 细胞色素CC. 细胞色素氧化酶D. 辅酶A6. 糖酵解的场所是在（）。
A.细胞核B.线粒体C.细胞浆D.内质网7. 以下（）不能异生成葡萄糖。
A.乳酸B.丙酮酸C.赖氨酸D.甘油8. 光合生物中Calvin循环，不包括以下（）。
A.核酮糖5磷酸B.3-磷酸甘油醛C.1，3-二磷酸甘油酸D.6-磷酸葡萄糖9. 人类嘌呤碱代谢的终产物是（）。
A.尿酸B.尿素C.尿囊酸D.乙醛酸10. 以下（）不参与核糖核苷酸还原为相应的脱氧核糖核苷酸。
A.核糖核苷酸还原酶B. NADPHC.硫氧还蛋白D.谷胱甘肽11. RNA转录过程的底物是（）。
A. NTPB. NDPC. dNTPD. NMP12. 大肠杆菌的RNA聚合酶不包括以下（）。
A. Sigma亚基B. Alpha亚基C. Beta亚基D. Gamma亚基科目名称：生物化学（甲）第2页共6页13. 启动子是指RNA聚合酶识别、结合和开始转录的一段（）。
2015年中国科学院大学338生物化学[专业硕士]考研真题(回忆版)(不完整)【圣才出品】
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2015年中国科学院大学338生物化学[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）（不完整）
一、名词解释2*10
1．脂肪动员
2．端粒
3．氧化磷酸化
4．逆转录
5．酶的活性中心
6．遗传密码
二、选择题1*20
略
三、判断题1*30
略
四、问答题
1．何为逆转座子？简述其作用机制。
2．翻译后加工主要包括哪些？
3．蛋白质的沉淀方法。
1 / 2
4．什么是蛋白质的二级结构和三级结构？并简述其主要区别。
5．将外源基因导入受体细胞主要有哪些用途？
6．为什么同样用紫外光照射后，在光照下的细胞相比在黑暗中的细胞恢复速度要快？7．遗传密码的特性？
8．遗传信息如何从DNA传递到mRNA，又如何从mRNA到蛋白质？
五、简答题15*2
1．为什么说三羧酸循环是糖类、脂质和蛋白质的共同代谢途径？
2．简述尿素的形成途径和其有什么生理意义？
2 / 2。
电子科技大学613分子生物学2015年考研专业课真题试卷
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：613 分子生物学注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、名词解释（30分，每题3分）1、DNA半保留复制2、GU-AG法则3、核酶4、核定位序列NLS5、同源结构域6、单核苷酸多态性SNP7、基因敲除8、操纵子9、顺式作用元件10、管家基因二、填空题（30分，每空1分）1、参与真核生物细胞核所有基因转录的转录因子是蛋白。
2、克隆来自人基因组约500kb长的DNA片段，最佳载体是。
3、大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶I的生物功能有、和作用。
用蛋白水解酶作用DNA聚合酶I，可将其分为大、小两个片段，其中片段叫Klenow片段，失去了活性。
4、hnRNA加工过程中，在mRNA上出现并代表蛋白质的DNA序列叫；不在mRNA上出现，不代表蛋白质的DNA序列叫。
5、某dsDNA分子中，5′-ATCGCTCGA -3′为模板链，若转录为mRNA，其碱基排列顺序应为。
6、RNA生物合成中，RNA聚合酶的活性需要模板，原料是。
7、蛋白质的生物合成是以为模板，以为原料直接供体，以为合成杨所。
8、大肠杆菌的RNA聚合酶为多亚基酶，由 亚基和 因子组成，参与转录起始的是酶，而参与延伸的是酶。
9、能形成DNA-RNA杂交分子的生物合成过程有、，形成的分子基础是。
10、HIV中文全称是。
11、转录激活因子一般具有结构域和结构域。
12、从Bacillus amyloliquefaciens菌株H中分离出来的第一种限制性内切酶应命名为。
共5页第1页。
电子科技大学613分子生物学历年考研真题汇编(含部分答案)(圣才出品)
2013 年电子科技大学 613 分子生物学考研真题及详解
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2015考研农学门类联考生物化学真题及答案
2015考研农学门类联考生物化学真题及答案五、单项选择题：22～36小题，每小题1分，共15分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
22. 下列维生素中，能够预防脚气病的是A.维生素B1B.维生素B2C. 维生素AD. 维生素D【参考答案】A【考查知识点】维生素分类23. 下列氨基酸中，分子量最小的是A.AlaB.AspC.GluD.Gly【参考答案】D【考查知识点】氨基酸符号代表24.下列密码子中，与密码子5’-ICA-3’配对的是A. 5’-GGA-3’B.5’-GGC-3’C. 5’-UGU-3’D. 5’-GGU-3’【参考答案】A【考查知识点】密码子配对原则25. 下列酶中，属于裂解酶的是A.乙糖激酶B.顺乌头酸酶C.异柠檬酸脱氢酶D.谷丙转氨酶【参考答案】C【考查知识点】裂解反应需要的酶26.大肠杆菌完整核糖体的沉降系数是A.50SB.60SC.70SD.80S【参考答案】A【考查知识点】大肠杆菌物理性质27. 原核生物RNA聚合酶中，被称为起始因子的是A.α亚基B.β亚基C.β’亚基D. 亚基【参考答案】D【考查知识点】原核生物中RNA聚合酶各类亚基的细分。
28. 下列反应中，由激酶催化的是A.葡萄糖转为6-磷酸葡萄糖B.丙酮酸转变为乙酰CoAC.6-磷酸葡萄糖转变为葡萄糖D.3-磷酸甘油酸转变为2-磷酸甘油酸【参考答案】C【考查知识点】三大代谢重要酶的作用。
29. 下列物质中，参与催化丙酮酸脱羧酶生成羟乙基化合物的是A.TPPB.NAD+C.FADD.FMN【参考答案】B【考查知识点】糖酵解的过程。
30. 下列酶中，既催化脱氢化又催化拖所反应的是A.6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶B. 6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶C. 3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶D.琥珀酸脱氢酶【参考答案】C【考查知识点】糖类代谢过程中重要的酶。
31.下列关于真核生物成熟mRNA的描述，正确的是A.转录与翻译均在细胞核中进行B. 由核内不均一RNA加工形成C. 3’端有帽子结构D.5’端又PLOYA结构【参考答案】B【考查知识点】真核生物mRNA合成过程。
2015年电子科技大学成都考研真题825密码学基础与网络安全
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：825 密码学基础与网络安全注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、单向选择题（每题1分，共20题，20分）请在A、B、C和D四个选项中，选择一个最佳答案填写到答题纸上。
1. 下列关于安全服务与安全机制的关系不正确的说法是（）A. 安全服务由安全机制实现B. 安全机制与安全服务之间没有关系C. 一种安全机制可以实现一种安全服务D. 一种安全服务可以由一种安全机制来实现2. 按照加密和解密密钥是否相同，密码算法可分为（）A. 分组密码算法和序列密码算法B. 对称密码算法和公钥密码算法C. 基于密钥保密的算法和基于算法保密的算法D. 古典密码算法和现代密码算法3. 整数37的欧拉函数(37)j等于（）A. 35B. 36C. 37D. 384. 反病毒软件具有副作用，当正常操作和病毒操作不能辨别时，可能会造成反病毒系统的（）A. 误报B. 不报C. 漏报D. 错报5. 7804的后三位数字是（）A. 400B. 401C. 402D. 4036. 以下关于美国国防部所提出的PDRR网络安全模型说法正确的是（）A. 安全策略（Policy）是PDRR的重要内容B. 依据PDRR模型，增加系统的保护时间可提高系统的安全性C. 依据PDRR模型，增加系统的检测时间可提高系统的安全性D. 依据PDRR模型，应该尽量增加系统暴露时间来提高系统的安全性7. 以下说法不正确的是（）A. 非对称加密算法较好地解决了密钥管理问题B. TCP/IP协议在设计之初并未考虑网络安全威胁C. 网络隔离技术不能减少对信息系统的安全威胁D. 安全协议需要使用某种密码算法且须实现一项或多项安全功能8. 下列关于网络地址转换（NAT）正确的说法是（）A. NAT与防火墙能协同工作，但与VPN不能协同工作B. NAT与VPN能协同工作，但与防火墙不能协同工作C. NAT与防火墙能协同工作D. NAT与VPN不能协同工作9. 下列关于数字签名说法正确的是（）A. 数字签名是不可信的B. 数字签名容易被伪造C. 数字签名容易抵赖D. 数字签名不可改变10. 一般来说，以下哪个不属于设备物理安全的内容（）A. 设备防盗B. 设备防毁C. 设备电磁辐射抗扰D. 设备外观保护11. 关于电子密码本（ECB）密码操作模式说法正确的是（）A. 对每一个明文数据块采用不同的密钥进行加密B. 对每一个明文数据块采用不同的密钥进行解密C. 错误传递仅有一块：出错密文块仅导致对应的明文块错误D. 错误传递有多块：出错密文块将导致多个明文块错误12. 以下关于蜜罐（Honeypot）说法不正确的是（）A. 蜜罐技术可用来收集攻击信息B. 蜜罐技术可用来收集计算机病毒代码C. 蜜罐技术可用来诱骗攻击者D. 蜜罐技术可用来阻止网络攻击的发生13. 在以下技术中，不能用作消息认证函数来产生消息认证符的是（）A. 消息加密B. 消息认证码（MAC）C. 压缩函数D. 哈希（Hash）函数14. 以下关于IPSec中的密钥管理说法正确的是（）A. 互联网络安全关联和密钥管理协议（IAKMP）是IPSec密钥管理的框架B. 因特网密钥交换协议（IKE）是IPSec密钥管理的框架C. Diffie-Hellman密钥交协议是因特网密钥交换协议（IKE）使用的密钥交换协议D. Oakley不是因特网密钥交换协议（IKE）使用的密钥交换协议15. 以下关于防火墙说法正确的是（）A、所有防火墙都能够检测网络攻击 B. 所有防火墙都能够检测计算机病毒C. 防火墙能防御内部攻击D. 防火墙能防御外部攻击16. 以下关于入侵防护系统（IPS）的说法不正确的是（）A. 入侵防护系统（IPS）可以检测网络攻击行为B. 入侵防护系统（IPS）可以保护一个网络C. 入侵防护系统（IPS）可以阻断检测出的攻击行为D. 入侵防护系统（IPS）可以对计算机病毒进行检测17. 以下关于计算机犯罪（Computer Crime）最准确的说法是（）A. 攻击别人的计算机并进而获得信息的行为就是计算机犯罪B. 通过网络攻击获得别人的机密信息一定是计算机犯罪C. 盗窃计算机是计算机犯罪D. 行为人通过计算机操作所实施的危害计算机信息系统（包括内存数据及程序）安全以及其他严重危害社会的并应当处以刑罚的行为18. 可信计算机系统评估准则（TCSEC）是由哪个国家提出来的？（）A. 中国B. 英国C. 美国D. 德国19. NP问题的含义是（）A. 非确定性图灵机上不能够在多项式时间内得到处理的问题B. 非确定性图灵机上能够在多项式时间内得到处理的问题C. 确定性图灵机上不能够在多项式时间内得到处理的问题D. 确定性图灵机上能够在多项式时间内得到处理的问题20.下面关于TCP协议的说法中，不正确的是（）A. TCP协议是传输层的协议B. TCP协议是面向连接的协议C. TCP协议是非面向连接的协议D. TCP协议数据包中不包含源IP地址二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10题，20分）每题有一个或多个正确答案。