2016年浙大考研801综合真题完美回忆版
2018年浙江大学801经济学综合(含西方经济学、政治经济学)考研真题【圣才出品】
1 / 42018年浙江大学801经济学综合（含西方经济学、政治经济学）考研真题（回忆版）西方经济学部分一、名词解释1．规模收益递减2．价格歧视3．有效需求4．政府购买二、计算题1．消费者均衡计算2 / 4（1）给定音乐会门票和唱片的价格＋预算约束＋效用函数，求效用最大化的方案。
（2）购买某种会员要支付一定的会费，可以获得三项权利之一：第一种优惠唱片价格减半，第二种优惠音乐会门票减半，第三种，唱片价格和音乐会门票各打75折，问要不要加入会员，选哪个优惠方案？2．给定AS 曲线，消费曲线，投资曲线，政府购买，以及货币供应和货币需求曲线。
（1）IS 曲线的求解；（2）AD 曲线的求解；（3）AD-AS 均衡求解。
3．成本求解（1）给定总成本曲线，指出可变成本、固定成本的部分；（2）写出短期平均成本、平均可变成本、平均固定成本、边际成本；（3）写出平均可变成本最低的产量、价格。
三、简答题3 / 41．简述基数效用论的消费者均衡的基本条件。
2．简述为什么存货投资对厂商那么重要。
四、论述题1．简述行为经济学的三个基本论点：经济人不总是理性的，可能追求公平（即使自身利益受损），前后决策可能不一致。
2．IS 曲线的数理、图形推导以及IS 曲线为什么向下倾斜？机理是什么？政治经济学一、简答题1．简述市场失灵与政府失灵。
2．简述按劳分配和按要素分配的区别。
4 / 43．简述垄断价格是否违背价值规律？二、论述题1．结合马克思的货币学说说明人民币加入SDR 对于人民币成为国际货币的意义。
2016年浙江大学广播电视专硕初试真题回忆
[2016初试真题回忆] 2016年浙江大学广播电视专硕初试真题回忆
2016年艺术基础
一名词解释（40分）
1 电视艺术
2 艺术意蕴
3 意境
4 造型艺术
5 圆形人物
6 戏剧性情节
二简答题（40分）
1简述艺术是主客体的有机统一
2简述影视艺术的社会功能
3简述现代主义思潮和后现代主义思潮的区别
4 简述艺术教育的作用
三论述题（40分）
1 论述中国传统艺术的“悟”
四分析题（30分）
以“戏剧性冲突”为角度，分析2015年上映的任意一部电影
2016年影视编导概论
一论述题（50分）
1 以你看过的国产电影为例，谈谈当前国产电影创作的艺术特征
2 论述真人秀为什么是纪实性和戏剧性的矛盾统一
二写作题（100分）
以“11月11日”为题目，创作一个微电影拍摄脚本，不少于3000字。
2016浙江大学考研真题
2016浙江大学 选择题 1.晏阳初河北定县 2.普通教育学是赫尔巴特的 3.试卷太难外部归因于外部不稳定不可控 4.课程计划是总规划 5.开蒙要训急救篇千字?三字经百家姓哪个是唐前？ 6.民主主义与教育是爱弥?理想国之?7.康德最早教授教育学 8.赫尔巴特是科学教育学 9.布鲁姆认知的掌握学习理论 10.信息加?理论不依靠社会环境还是?为主义不依靠社会环境 11.抗?主要任务教知识校训学风 12.蔡元培的教育思想是囊括四海之家教学?由还是独?13.杜威的??的论 14.学制时各级各类学校系统及学校间的衔接关系 15.东林书院是明朝岳麓书院宋学海堂清朝 16.漳南书院是颜元清 17.稷下学宫是正规学校教育?18.夸美纽斯班级授课制学年制 19.不愤不启不悱不发中愤的意思 辨析题 1.综合实践活动，活动课程?学科课程好？ 2.骑?教育是宫廷教育?3.教育研究存在多种?法，不存在最优?法？ 简答题 1.简述赫尔巴特教育性教学原则。
德育可能?的必要?的 2.?献综述报告遵循的原则 3.如何构建良好师?观，?师学?社会 4.韦納的成败归因论 5.体谅模式 论述题 1.涂尔?社会本位论，评价，如何看待 2.1922年新学制新在哪?？壬戌学制 3. ( 1）社会认知风格，冲动型沉思型，优缺点，认知风格对学习有何影响帮助 ( 2）教育?动研究 论述题3（1）优缺点 1，冲动型：思维敏捷，能迅速做出判断但是容易出现错误，粗?，看不到问题的整体，只看到??2，沉思型：思维缜密，考虑问题的????，但是做出决定很慢，过于谨慎，影响解决问题的速度 冲动型认知风格适合与场认知风格相近的学科，利于快速做出判断得到意想不到的结果，多数时候犯错影响学科的学习 沉思型认知风格更有利于学科的学习，能找到解决问题的准确途径。
（2）教育?动研究就是实践者为了改进?作质量，将研究者和实践者、研究过程与实践过程结合起来，在现实情境中通过?主的反思性探索，解决实际问题的?种研究活动。
2016年 801经济学考研真题回忆版
2016年 801经济学考研真题回忆版感谢凯程考研李老师对本文做出的重要贡献
对于本科毕业生，如果考研，学历上面至少不用愁，可以增强起点，研究生毕业了更有竞争力，虽说进入社会也是对自己的一种锻炼，但很多的用人单位大部分要求是硕士学位以上。
考研过后，无论成功与否，你会觉得你比以前更加坚强，更加有韧劲，更加有面对困难，敢于拼搏的精神！现凯程为考生朋友提供重要信息。
名词通货紧缩资本积聚恩格尔系数充分就业中等收入陷阱经济全球化
简答级差地租的来源和条件边际技术替代率递减和边际报酬递减的联系新常态的主要特点
论述马克斯社会再生产及现实意义凯恩斯货币主义理性预期学派对菲利普斯曲线的分歧创新驱动的意义和途径。
2016年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 .doc
2016年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
******************************************************************************************** 学科、专业名称：无机化学、分析化学、有机化学、物理化学、高分子化学与物理、应用化学
研究方向：各个方向
考试科目：812有机化学A 共5 页，第 1 页
考试科目：812有机化学A 共5 页，第2 页
考试科目：812有机化学A 共5页，第3 页
考试科目：812有机化学A 共5 页，第4 页
共5 页，第5 页
2016年浙江师范大学硕士研究生招生复试
考生资格审查单（联考考生用）
该考生属于下列打√类考生：
□ 1、往届本科毕业生□ 2、往届专科毕业生
注：□以上材料已验证考生的原件。
□已将所有资格审查材料复印备查。
审查结论：该考生已／未通过2016年研究生招生考试资格审查，（）同意其参加复试。
资格审查人（签名）：复查人（签名）：
2016年
月日。
浙江大学考研经济学专业课2003-2012年真题
浙大 801 经济学综合（2003-2012 年真题汇总）浙江大学 801 经济学综合2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题西方经济学部分(100 分)一名词解释 30 分（每题 5 分）1.潜在 GDP2.生产可能性边界(PPF)3.实际利率4.消费者剩余5.惯性通货膨胀6.规模经济二简述题 40 分（每题 10 分）1.简述宏观经济政策工具？2．简述失业的三种类型？3．画图说明直线型需求曲线上弹性的变化及其这种变化与总收益的关系。
4.政府为什么管制产业?三论述题 30 分（每题 15 分）1.论述新古典经济增长模型。
2.试述均衡价格的决定及其变动。
2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题注意:答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
西方经济学部分(100 分)一名词解释 30 分（每题 5 分）1.等产量曲线2.现值3.套利4.结构性失业5.永久性收入6.广义货币二简述题 40 分（每题 10 分）1.消费者价格指数及其缺陷2.边际成本定价的作用3.简述企业存在的理由4.货币传导机制三论述题 30 分（每题 15 分）1.论述博弈论的基本原理及主要均衡战略。
2.试述供给学派宏观经济政策的核心特征。
2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题注意:答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
西方经济学部分(100 分)一名词解释 30 分（每题 5 分）1、配置效率2、单位需求价格弹性3、纳什均衡4、财富效应5、有效金融市场6、政策无效性定理二简述题 40 分（每题 10 分）1、如何通过套期保值分摊风险?2、简述不完全竞争的根源。
3、简述投资乘数理论。
4、简述如何促进开放经济的增长。
三论述题 30 分（每题 15 分）1、试述自然资源经济学的基本思想2、新古典宏观经济学的理论与政策。
2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题注意:答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
西方经济学部分(100 分)一名词解释 30 分（每题 5 分）1、生命周期假说2、货币供给乘数3、奥肯法则4、后此谬误5、公共品6、停业原则二简述题 40 分（每题 10 分）1、论述货币的职能和货币需求的原因。
2014年浙江大学801经济学综合(含西方经济学)考研真题(回忆版)【圣才出品】
2014年浙江大学801经济学综合（含西方经济学）考研真题（回忆版）
西方经济学部分
一、名词解释
1．生产可能性边界
2．法定货币
3．需求价格弹性
4．挤出效应
二、计算题
1．某人效用函数为U＝lnc＋lnl，c为消费，l为闲暇，他一天24小时只用于工作和闲暇。
这个人为自己工作的生产函数为y＝4n0.5，若为他人工作可获得小时工资率w，求其最优的c、n、l。
2．一完全竞争行业有100个相同的厂商，每个厂商的STC＝0.1q2＋q＋100。
（1）求市场供给曲线。
（2）已知需求曲线为Q＝4000－400p，求均衡价格和数量。
（3）现政府向厂商征收每单位产品0.9元税收，求新的均衡价格和数量，消费者和厂商的税收负担分别是多少？
3．考点：求政府支出增加的挤出投资。
三、简述题
1．比较正常商品、劣等商品、吉芬商品的异同。
2．比较微观经济学的需求曲线和宏观经济学的总需求曲线的内涵。
四、论述题
1．论述市场如何起到配置资源的作用。
2．对政策的乘数效应你有什么看法？。
浙大各专业课历年真题
502城市规划设计（6小时）00、02-2011
503专业设计（6小时）02-05
601高等代数98-2011
602高等数学（含30%概率）00-2011
701法学基础课（含法理学和民法学）08-2011；法理学02-04、06-07；民法学00-07
813日语翻译与写作03-08、2010-2011
814俄语翻译与写作01-10
815德语翻译与写作03--2011
816法语翻译与写作
818地理学
819数学分析98、00-2011
820普通物理06-09、2011；甲03-05；乙03-04
821有机化学07-2011、甲99-06；乙04
822地理信息系统98-99、03-2011
857模拟与数字电子技术98-2011
858园林植物学08-2011
859医学生理学04-2011
860病理学03-05
861医学遗传学98-05
862管理学95-2011
863农业经济学04-2011
866管理学综合（行政管理方向）07-2011
867档案学
868图书馆学
869社会学00-01、03-06
702社会研究方法03-05
703马克思主义政治学07-2011；07之前考政治学
704体育学专业基础综合07-2011,；运动生理学04-06
705哲学原理03-06
706中外文学史03-07
707文史基础03-07、10
708中国历史与考古、博物馆学07-10；中国历史06
709中国书画篆刻创作03-05
313历史学专业基础统考教育部考试中心命题
浙江大学801经济学综合(西方经济学)历年真题及详解(含2008～2013年真题)
浙江大学801经济学综合（西方经济学）历年真题及详解（含2008～2013年真题）2013年浙江大学801经济学综合（西方经济学）考研真题一、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1．市场机制2．长期竞争均衡3．潜在GDP4．自动稳定器二、计算题（共30分）1．（5分）一直某君消费两种商品和的效用函数为，商品的价格分别为和，收入为。
请推导出该君对和的需求函数。
2．（15分）根据市场研究，某家垄断性唱片公司获得了以下有关其新CD的需求和生产成本的信息：价格；总收益；边际收益；边际成本。
其中，表示可以出售的CD数量，而是用美分表示的价格。
试求：（1）使公司利润最大化的价格和数量；（2）能实现社会福利最大化的价格和数量；（3）计算垄断带来的无谓损失；（4）假设除了以上成本以外，还要向录制唱片的乐师支付报酬。
这家公司在考虑以下四种方案：①一次性付费2000美元；②利润的50%；③每售出一张CD支付50美分；④收益的50%。
对于以上四种方案，分别计算使利润最大化的价格和数量。
在这些付酬计划之中，如果有的话，哪一种能改变垄断引起的无谓损失？解释原因。
3．（10分）若某一国家有如下宏观经济模型（单位：亿元）：，且消费函数为，投资函数为，净出口函数为，货币需求为，政府支出，税率，名义货币供给为，价格水平不变为，试求：（1）曲线；（2）曲线；（3）产品市场和货币市场同时均衡时的均衡利率和均衡收入；（4）两个市场同时均衡时的消费、投资和净出口值。
三、简述题（每小题10分，共20分）1．简述序数效用理论与基数效用理论的区别。
2．什么是曲线？简述它的经济含义。
四、论述题（每小题15分，共30分）1．假设政府对厂商消费的每一单位产品均征税单位的税，作图分析这一税收会如何在消费者和生产者之间进行分担，又会给社会带来多大的无谓损失，并讨论是什么因素决定了这一分担的比例以及无谓损失的大小。
2．概述实际经济周期理论的基本内容。
2013年浙江大学801经济学综合（西方经济学）考研真题及详解一、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1．市场机制答：在市场经济中，利润最大化的厂商行为所决定的供给、效用最大化的消费者行为所决定的需求，以及价格三者之间相互作用、相互影响、相互制约，使整个经济体制顺利进行并达到均衡的作用机制和调节功能，称为市场机制。
浙江大学801经济学综合考研真题综合分析
浙江大学801经济学综合考研真题综合分析浙江大学经济学院现有经济学系、金融学系(金融学院)、国际经济学系(对外经济贸易学院)、财政学系等4个学系;经济研究所、产业经济研究所、金融研究所、证券期货研究所、国际经济研究所、国际商务研究所、财政研究所、法与经济研究所及教育部人文社科重点研究基地和国家哲学社会科学创新研究基地(A类)“浙江大学民营经济研究中心” 、国家哲学社会科学创新研究基地(B类)“浙江大学跨学科研究中心” 、浙江省社会科学重点研究基地“区域经济开放与发展研究中心”、浙江大学金融研究院、浙江大学江万龄国际经济与金融投资研究中心、浙江大学儒商与东亚文明研究中心、浙江大学产业与空间研究中心(筹)等15个研究机构。
浙江大学经济学院初试考试科目为“801经济学综合”。
为了便于考生更好地了解“801经济学综合”考试科目，跨考教育经济学考研辅导名师郑炳老师对本考试科目进行如下解读。
一、初试考试科目名称“801经济学综合(含西方经济学、政治经济学)”适用专业：政治经济学;经济思想史;经济史;国民经济学;区域经济学;产业经济学;劳动经济学;人口、资源与环境经济学“801经济学综合(含西方经济学、计量经济学)” 适用专业：西方经济学;数量经济学“801经济学综合(含西方经济学、财政学)” 适用专业：财政学“801经济学综合(含西方经济学、金融学)” 适用专业：金融学“801经济学综合(含西方经济学、国际经济学)” 适用专业：国际贸易学跨考教育经济学辅导名师郑炳老师点评：·跟其它很多学校不一样的是，浙江大学考卷很特别，150分的专业课，其中100分西方经济学内容完全一样，但是剩下50分取决于考生所报专业。
因此，考生一定要提前确定专业，以便于复习备考剩下50分内容。
·考虑到众多专业考卷为“801经济学综合(含西方经济学、政治经济学)”，这就意味着考生可供选择的专业多一些，因此考生可考虑选择考卷为“801经济学综合(含西方经济学、政治经济学)”的专业。
2016浙大哲学考研807中西哲学史考研真题回忆版
为学生引路，为学员服务
第 1 页 共 1 页 2016浙大哲学考研807中西哲学史考研
真题回忆版
一、名词解释 1.柏拉图的摹仿说 2.亚里士多德的实践哲学 3.托马斯·阿奎那的实体学说 4.
黑格尔“真理是全体” 4.费希特的自我的第一原则 5.笛卡尔的心物二元论 6.奥康的“自明
知识”
二、简答题 1.奥古斯丁“基督教是真正的哲学” 2.斯宾诺莎的幸福观 3.卢梭的自然说 4.
德谟克利特的原子论和伊壁鸠鲁的原子论内容，以及两者之间的关系 5.智者学派的人是万
物的尺度，以及柏拉图的批评 6.洛克的社会契约论
三、论述题 1.普罗提诺的三本体学说和上升的道路与下降的道路 2.休谟的不可知论与康
德不可知论的内容，康德对休谟可能的批评。
2012年浙江大学801经济学综合考研真题
浙江大学801经济学综合2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题（回忆版）及答案2012年浙江大学经济学真题（回忆版）（西方经济学+ 政治经济学）西方经济学部分一、名词解释：1.消费者剩余：消费者在消费一定数量的资源品时愿意支付的最高价格与实际支付的价格之差。
2.纳什均衡：假设有n 个局中人参与博弈，如果某情况下无一参与者可以独自行动而增加收益（即为了自身利益的最大化，没有任何单独的一方愿意改变其策略的），则此策略组合被称为纳什均衡。
3.流动性陷阱：是凯恩斯提出的一种假说，指当一定时期的利率水平降低到 不能再低时，人们就会产生利率上升而债券价格下降的预期，货币需求弹性就会变得无限大，即无论增加多少货币，都会被人们储存起来。
发生流动性陷阱时，再宽松的货币政策也无法改变市场利率，使得货币政策失效。
4.奥肯定律：由美国经济学家阿瑟·奥肯提出的，用来近似地描述失业率和实际GDP 之间的交替关系。
其内容是，失业率每高于自然失业率1%，实际GDP 便低于潜在GDP2%。
例如，假定失业率为8%，比自然失业率高2%，那么按照奥肯定律，实际GDP 就比潜在GDP 低4%。
二、计算题1． 小李在时期1的收入为1000元，在时期2的收入为1200元，他的跨期效用函数为0.80.21212(,)U C C C C =，利率为25%。
请回答以下问题：（1）求小李的预算线，标明其斜率和收入禀赋点。
（2）求小李两个时期的最优消费，并标注在上图中。
（3）如果政府加征20%的利息收入税，请重新计算小李的预算线以及跨期最优消费。
答：（1）由题知，Y1=1000，Y2=1200，r=25%，小李第二时期的最大消费量=12(1)1000(1)12002450Y r Y r ++=++= 小李第一时期的最大的消费量=21120010001960(1)(1)Y Y r r +=+=++因此，小李的预算线斜率=-(1+r)=-1.25，收入禀赋点为W 点（1000，1200）。
浙江大学801经济学综合(含宏观经济学、微观经济学、政治经济学)考前冲刺最后三套卷及详解(三)【圣才
浙江大学801经济学综合（含宏观经济学、微观经济学、政治经济学）考前冲刺最后三套卷及详解（三）宏观经济学与微观经济学部分（100分）一、名词解释（共4小题，每小题5分，共20分）1．补偿预算线答：补偿预算线是用来表示当商品的价格发生变化引起消费者的实际收入水平发生变化时，用假设的货币收入的增减来维持消费者的实际收入水平不变的一种分析工具。
具体来说，在商品价格下降引起消费者的实际收入水平提高时，假设可以取走消费者的一部分货币收入，以使消费者的实际收入下降到只能维持原有的无差异曲线的效用水平（即原有的实际收入水平）这一情况。
相反，在商品价格上升引起消费者实际收入水平下降时，假设可以对消费者的损失给予一定的货币收入补偿，以使消费者的实际收入维持原有的水平，则补偿预算线在此就可以用来表示消费者的货币收入提高到得以维持原有的无差异曲线的效用水平（即原有的实际收入水平）这一情况。
2．阿罗不可能定理答：阿罗不可能定理是阿罗分析市场一般均衡时得出的一个定理。
阿罗认为：用投票的方式不可能把个人的偏好集中起来，形成合乎理性的社会偏好。
即在非独裁的情况下，不可能存在有适用于所有个人偏好类型的社会福利函数，这就是著名的阿罗不可能定理。
阿罗不可能定理说明，依靠简单多数的投票原则，要在各种个人偏好中选择出一个共同一致的顺序，是不可能的。
这样，一个合理的公共物品决定只能来自于一个可以胜任的公共权利机关，要想借助于投票过程来达到协调一致的集体选择结果，一般是不可能的。
3．结构性失业答：结构性失业指因经济结构的变化，劳动力的供给和需求在职业、技能、产业、地区分布等方面不协调所引起的失业。
结构性失业包括两种情况：①某些具有劳动力的工人，由于他们工作的产业进入萧条而失去工作机会，而他们不一定适应新工业部门的技术要求，因而一部分人找不到工作；②由于地区经济发展不平衡，落后地区的剩余劳动力因地理位置的限制，不能迅速流动到发展迅速的地区，因而也有一部分劳动者失业。
浙江大学2016年数学专业复试真题(回忆版)
浙江大学2016数学专业复试真题(回忆版、不全)
castelu∗
2016-3-1823:08
请从以下七部分任选三部分作答，每题25分，共150分。
1.常微分方程
(a)p为何值时，边值问题y′′+2y′+py=0,y(0)=0,y(1)=0有非零解;若p(x)在(−∞,+∞)连续，
p(x)<1+π2，证明：边值问题y′′+2y′+p(x)y=0,y(0)=0,y(1)=0只有零解。
(b)证明初值问题解的存在和唯一性。
2.实变函数
(a)证明R n中的闭集可以表示成可列个开集的交，开集可以表示成可列个闭集的并。
(b)计算
lim
n→∞∫1
e−nx2d x,lim
n→∞
∫1
nx
1+n2x2
d x.
3.抽象代数
(a)群G的元数是n，它的一个子集是H，H的元数大于n
2
，证明由H生成的子群只能是G。
(b)K是域，K[x,y]是域上的二元多项式，证明x n y−1不可约。
4.复变函数
(a)叙述Morera定理并证明之（Cauchy定理的逆定理）。
(b)函数f(z)在实轴和虚轴上连续，在复平面其它区域解析，证明f(z)是整函数。
5.微分几何
(a)曲率，挠率，极小曲线，曲率线，待补充
6.计算方法
(a)LU分解，待补充
7.数学规划
(a)待补充
∗声明：今年考研复试期间，感谢H老师和其他老师的悉心指导，现已成功被浙大数学系录取，另外我已和本论坛坛友成为了2016届的同学，感谢这个论坛给我们提供这个平台！现将刚考完的试题回忆原创编辑回馈，转载请注明出处，若有版权纠纷可与我联系，谢谢！
1。
2016浙江大学金融硕士考研真题
一、简答与计算（9*10）
1、市净率与托宾Q在含义和用途上的区别。
2、借30万，利率6%，按每年还10万本金，3年还清，求每年归还的利息。
若按等额本金还，每年还多少？
3、若CAPM成立，画出SML线，并说明在线的上方，线上，下方分别代表股票价格的情况。
4、收入1500，成本700，折旧700，税25%，其他不计，以不同的方法求经营现金流量OCF。
5、负债权益比35%，无杠杆权益13%，每年销售收入13500000不变，变动成本占销售收入的40%，税率40%。
（1）求无杠杆企业价值（2）求杠杆权益收益率（3）按RWACC算杠杆企业价值。
6、银行为了利润最大化，进行资产管理要注意哪些？
7、未来5年一年期短期利率分别为5%，6%。
7%，8%，9%，流动性溢价分别为0%，0.25%，0.5%，0.75%，1%，按预期理论和流动性溢价理论求1---5年期限债券利率并画图。
8、三个银行的外汇报价，是否存在套利机会，100万英镑能套利多少？
9、什么是利益冲突，它为什么会造成市场无效率，哪些领域有？
二、论述（2*30）
1、画图说明静态资本结构的含义。
画图说明资本成本与资本结构的关系。
2、今年央行采取了5次降息4次降准，并采用了信贷资产质押再贷款等货币政策，但是我国的GDP增速仍在下降，从去年四季度的7.2%降至今年前三季度的7.0%，7.0%，6.9%。
试结合实际与货币政策传导机制分析原因。
2016年度考研英语一真题与答案解析
2016考研英语（一）真题及参考答案2015年12月28日Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。
(10 points）In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male。
It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young women, but also a matchmaker。
A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen。
5 a spouse has been selected，each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family。
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair。
Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting，9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom’s wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year，13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common 。
考研英语一真题及解析完整版
2016 年考研英语一真题完好版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not onlyhis parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young mancan 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3the marriage negotiations, orthe young man’ s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days,7by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermonand 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and10a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with thewife ’s parents and may12 with them up to a year,13 they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with somedisapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, andjointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a genderprejudice remarry 2019 up: The divorced male doesnthe woman must wait ten months.’ t have a waiting period before he can1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of[C]as well as[D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to[B]provide for[C]compete with[D]decide on3.[A]close[B]renew[C]arrange[D]postpone4.[A]Above all[B]In theory[C]In time[D]For example5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless6.[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through7.[A]since[B]but[C]or[D]so8.[A]copy[B]test[C]recite[D]create9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying10.[A]passing[B]lighting[C]hiding[D]serving11.[A]meeting [B]collection[C]association[D]union12.[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]live13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]if[D]for14.[A]obtain[B]follow[C]challenge[D]avoid15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed16.[A]whatever[B]however[C]whenever[D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed18. [A]withdrawn [B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19. [A]breaks[B]warms[C]shows[D]clears20. [A]so that[B]while[C]once[D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry haslost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminaryapproval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also a gre ed to ban websites that“ incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined bylooks that end up impinging on health. That’ s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems togo beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenagegirls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not letothers be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look tointangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero orwasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that stillregards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that doesnot meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six monthsin prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment andidealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to setvoluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure forenforcement.In contrast to France’ s actions, Denmark’ s fashion industry a gre ed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised DanishFashion Ethical Charter clearly states:“We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’ s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionWeek, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shamemethod of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A]Physical beauty would be redefined.[B]New runways would be constructed.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.22.The phrase“ impinging on” (Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of.[B]indicating the state of.[C]losing faith in.[D]doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]The French measures have already failed.[B]New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models’ character.[C]showing little concern for health factors.[D]pursuing perfect physical conditions.25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] The Gre at Threats to the Fashion Industry.[B]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.[C]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’ s Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate“ the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellerswith spaces for leisure where they could experience“ a refreshing air.”Hill’ s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and gre en belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. TheConservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing“ off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept ofsustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinuelocal planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip,sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using greenland. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities andtowns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identifiedenough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on gre en bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that“ housing crisis” equals“ concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, GeorgeOsborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-townshopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns andvillages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edgesand respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’ s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviablerural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of thealternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.’ s public sentiment about the countryside[A]didn ’ t start till the Shakespearean age.[B]has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C]is fully backed by the royal family.[D]is not well reflected in politics.27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now be[A]gradually destroyed.[B]effectively reinforced.[C]largely overshadowed.[D]properly protected.28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon“ off-plan” building.[C]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29.The author holds that George Osborne’ s preference[A]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C]stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of\[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’ s Britain.[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D]the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” Wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist,“ That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed toincrease its profit” . But even if you accept Firedman’ s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutelyclear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least whenthey are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year onCSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses inthree ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a“ signal”that a company’ s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse“ halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it gre ater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects bec ause consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutionsunder America’ s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do notconsume a company’ s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only bythe halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSRprogrammes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that itwas firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on itsmerits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“ We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporategiving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’ s statement about CSR with[A]tolerance[B]skepticism[C]uncertainty[D]approval32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]winning trust from consumers.[B]guarding it against malpractices.[C]protecting it from being defamed.[D]raising the quality of its products.33. The expression“ more lenient” (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A]more effective[B]less controversial[C]less severe[D]more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’ s CSR record[A]has an impact on their decision.[B]comes across as reliable evidence.[C]increases the chance of being penalized.[D]constitutes part of the investigation.35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C]Companies ’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.“ Sometime in the future，” the paper’ s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside，there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same setof financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad salesstill dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be amistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times should’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they goabout doing it the right way.“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sensefor them,” he said,“ but if you discontinue it, you’ re going to have your most loyal customersreally upset with you.”Sometimes that’ s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflixdiscontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.“It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said.“ I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacyproduct.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.“ So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said.“ Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’ re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be whatthe Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as mush as a digital-only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business, ” Peretti remarked.“But we’re going to have questions like that where we have thingswe ’ re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’ s better to be more ag gre ssive than less aggressive.”36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A]the high cost of operation.[B]the pressure from its investors.[C]the complaints from its readers.[D]the increasing online ad sales.37.Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print edition for good.[C]aim for efficient management.[D]make strategic adjustments.38.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a“ legacy product”[A]helps restore the glory of former times.[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.[C]will have the cost of printing reduced.[D]expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.[A] legacy businesses are bec oming outdated.[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C]ag gre ssiveness better meets challenges.[D]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B]Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitablesubheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extrasubheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Have confidence in yourself[C]Decide if the time is right[D]Understood the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has animpact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and like ability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased on the way you look.The difference between today’ s workplace and the“ dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakersor dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present ismagnified by social-media services like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradoxof being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It canbe confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41As an executive coach, I’ ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions--when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing workenvironments. If you’ re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be agood time. If you’ re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, andprofessionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’ s no need for an upgrade and that’ s OK.42Get clear on what impact you’ re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivotit?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professionalimage. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more“ SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment?What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect andlook up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control youcan have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personalstylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.’s not as expensive as Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. Ityou might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn’ t to bec ome more vain or to spend more time fussing over whatto wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue . Pick a standard work uniformor a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, onearticle of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46)We don’ t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is builthealth can’ t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which understress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. Whenwe don’ t understand the value of mental health and we don’ t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us, (47)Our mental health doesn’ t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of beingrestored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability totrust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things willwork out. It’ s a from of innate or unlearned optimism. (48)Mental health allows us to view otherswith sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness of they are in pain, and withunconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solvingproblems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, orcoming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patiencefor ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on ourcar, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, inculture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will seethat it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available evenin the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend fromfoe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or theinner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and then3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016 年全国士研究生入学一考英（一）答案解（完好版）Section I Use of English1、【答案】 B as well as【分析】依据空格所在句子的内容能够判断，"偶波及男方的朋挚友，_____女方的朋挚友"然前后是并列关系，中只有B as well as表示并列关系。
浙大回忆版真题及答案解析
浙大回忆版真题及答案解析浙江大学（以下简称浙大）作为中国著名的高等教育机构，一直以来承担着培养优秀人才的使命。
而回忆版真题及答案解析作为备考资料，对于准备参加浙大考试的学子来说，无疑是非常重要的。
首先，我们来回顾一下浙大回忆版真题的来源。
浙大每年都会举行一系列考试，其中包括各个学科的入学考试以及研究生入学考试等。
在过去的几年中，许多考生都会将自己的考试信息整理出来，形成了回忆版真题。
这些真题可以作为参考资料，帮助学生了解浙大的考试内容和考试难度。
接下来，我们将对浙大回忆版真题内容进行解析。
回忆版真题通常会包括选择题、填空题、解答题等多种题型。
选择题的难度相对较低，主要考察学生对基础知识的掌握程度。
填空题则要求学生具备较强的逻辑思维能力，需要从题干中获取关键信息，推导出正确的答案。
而解答题则更注重学生对知识的深入理解和运用能力。
对于浙大回忆版真题答案的解析，我们需要注意以下几个方面。
首先，需要明确答案的求解思路和步骤。
有些问题可能需要学生运用一定的数学方法和公式进行求解，而有些问题则需要学生运用自己的逻辑思维和推理能力。
其次，需要注重答案的解释和论证。
对于一些较为复杂的问题，仅仅给出答案是不够的，还需要解释为什么答案是正确的，并且给出相应的论证过程。
最后，需要注意对于错误答案的分析。
有时候学生可能会犯一些常见的错误，例如计算错误、理解错误等，我们需要对这些错误进行分析，并指出正确的解题方法。
浙大回忆版真题及答案解析的价值在于它们不仅仅能够帮助学生了解浙大考试的难度和要求，还能够帮助学生提升自己的解题能力和思维能力。
通过分析解题过程和思维路径，学生可以更好地理解知识点的运用方法，提高解题的效率和准确率。
当然，回忆版真题及答案解析只是备考资料的一部分，学生还需要结合其他教材和辅导资料进行系统的学习和培训。
同时，学生还应该注重平时的知识积累和学习方法的培养，以提高自己的学习能力和应试能力。
总之，浙大回忆版真题及答案解析对于备考浙大考试的学子来说至关重要。
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2016浙大801经济学综合完美回忆版（西经部分+政经部分+计量简答及分析部分）
写在最前面：
自从浙大2014起便不对外公布真题，对我们考研同学来说是很痛苦的一件事，复习时也有种完全找不到路的感觉，想拿最近真题练手又无路可寻，笔者在考完后，本着为考研筒子谋福利的想法，努力回想一番，整理出了西经部分，政经部分以及计量除计算题以外的部分，希望为各位提供一定的帮助吧。
一、西经部分（100分）
（一）、名词解释部分
1.需求弹性
2.价格上限
3.经济增长
4.人力资本
（二）计算部分
5.微观部分：微观考了一个求最大利润的问题，比较简单，参考意义并不大）
6.宏经考研计算题：（与2013年考研题类似）
Y = C + I +G +NX
C = 300 + 0.8Yd
I = 200 – 1500r
G = 200
NX = 100 + 0.04Y – 500r
税率：t = 0.2
L = 0.5Y – 1500r
M = 550
P = 1
(1):求IS曲线
(2):求LM曲线
(3):求在商品市场和货币市场同时达到均衡下的r,Y是多少？
(4):求在均衡下的C,I,NX各为多少？
（三）简答部分
7.请简答价格歧视的条件
8.请简答通货膨胀能够造成正的产出效应的三个条件
（四）论述部分
9.请作图分析并论述在完全竞争市场下成本不变，成本递增，成本递减三种情形下行业的长期供给曲线如何形成并分析其特征。
10.请从寻找工作，最低工资，工会，效率工资四个方面来论述失业是如何形成的。
二、政经部分（50分）
简答题：
1.商品的使用价值及价值与劳动二重性之间的关系
2.政府失灵和市场失灵
论述题：
皮凯蒂的《21世纪资本论》与马克思的资本积累理论的异同。
三、计量部分（50分）
简答部分：
1.什么是母体回归方程?什么是样本回归方程？它们之间的区别是什么？
2.简述极大似然估计的基本思想和方法。
3.G-Q检验有什么作用,并简述其步骤。
分析部分：
在古典线性假设下，已知回归方程Y= βX+μ没有常数项，β= Y/X;β= (XY)/(XX);
(1)β、β是否都是无偏的，为什么？
(2)比较两种参数估计的方差大小
(3)那个估计是有效的？
计算部分：
今年计算部分也比较简单，所给数据运算并不复杂，大家复习时可以参考2013年以前的试题。
（这个实在不记得。
）
考研总结：大家复习时记得多看李子奈的书哦，李子奈书前五章掌握了，计量基本不会有问题了。
祝大家考研最终取得好成绩。