考研英语09翻译真题参考译文

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2009考研英语作文范文

2009考研英语作文范文【篇一：考研英语作文真题及范文：2009年中公考研】大作文是：网络的近与远。

一、客观描述图：很多人在上网。

二、说明意思：网络的普及是拉近了人们的距离还是使人们越来越疏远?范文the drawing vividly depicts that in a circular area which can be divided into some sub-sections, there is one person in each, working or playing on a computer. nowadays many people, especially, young fellows are tracing such fashion of life and working style. what is conveyed in the drawing is realistic and most meaningful.there are reasons accounting for this fashion. firstly, with the rapiddevelopment of society, advances in office equipments have been made, which has led to the improvement of the working means of many people. therefore, many people are required to expertise in the operation of computers. some, even, have become addicted to the internet. secondly, internet enmeshes the world so that people assume they can gain various information on it, without stepping out of their rooms. thirdly, some people even don’t want to waste their valuable time sothat they turn to internet to gain what they want.frankly speaking, this social phenomenon is another double-edged sword. it has both positive and negative impacts on the whole society. it is universally accepted internet offers many benefits to humans. some young men, on the opposite, spend most of their time in front of computers, which would leadthem into poor health. moreover, it is harmful to the establishment of people’s ability to communicate withothers.to draw a conclusion, we don’t deny that people should take advantage of internet, but in a sensible way. and also parents should give proper advice to their children to form a proper outlook of surfing on internet.秋季集训营 /qiuji/【篇二：09考研英语作文解析】part a directions:restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “white pollution” is still going on. write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper togive your opinions briefly and make two or three suggestions you should write about 100 words. do not sign your own nameat the end of the letter. use “li ming” instead. you do not needto write the address.part b directions:in your essay, you should describing the drawing briefly, explain its intended meaning, and then give your comments.you should write neatly on answer sheet2. (20 points)part a【题目类型】2009年小作文再次考查了事务信函中的建议信，近似于2007年考过的建议信，在考查了几年信函后，信函的类型开始重复，这是一件好事，说明信函主要类型已经在试题中出现过一轮，考生今后的复习更容易把握住规律，无论今后考道歉信还是感谢信，咨询信还是投诉信，真题的示范指导性会很强。

2009年考研英语真题答案及解析

2009年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章总体分析本文是一个有关动物智力话题的文章。

文章第一段第一句就点名了文章中心，接着引用自然杂志上描述的实验论证这一观点。

从第二、三段作者从几个方面分析了产生这种情况的原因，最后一段从动物上升到对人的思考。

二、试题具体解析1.[A]Suppose假设猜想[B]Consider考虑[C]Observe观察[D]Imagine设想【答案】B【考点】固定搭配【解析】本题考查的是“consider+名词性词组”的用法，表示“以……为例”，显然与后面的试验搭配表示以该试验为例引出下文。

选项A、D同义，故排除。

选项C代入文中与上下文不合，故答案为B。

【补充】consider在这里等同于take…(as an example)。

2.[A]tended(to)倾向于……[B]feared害怕[C]happened(to)碰巧……[D]threatened(to)威胁要去做……【答案】A【考点】动词搭配【解析】从空格后面的to可首先排除B，因为fear不与to连用。

再结合文章题材看，文章是科技类，而科技类文章中通常为了表示说话客观性并避免绝对化，往往在主谓之间加一个tend to表示语气的弱化，故本题答案为A，其他两个代入文章语义不通。

3.[A]thinner较细的[B]stabler较稳定的[C]lighter更明亮的[D]dimmer较暗的【答案】D【考点】逻辑关系【解析】空前内容谈到聪明的果蝇寿命相对普通果蝇要短，这里拿灯泡做比喻，相对应的自然是光线的暗淡，即光线暗淡的灯泡使用时间更长。

下一句也有提示：no being too bright，故答案为D。

4.[A]tendency趋向[B]advantage优势[C]inclination倾向[D]priority优先【答案】B【考点】词汇辨析【解析】前文谈到暗淡的灯泡寿命更长，接着说“不太明亮也是”，对比四个选项，只有优势语义连贯，故答案为B。

2009年考研英语真题阅读理解试题(附答案、解析、翻译)

A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July。

09英语考研真题

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。

Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points）Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are。

1 the fruit—fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives。

This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer，that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence，it 5 out, is a high—priced option。

It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning —a gradual 7 - instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn，and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to 8 。

2009年考研英语翻译真题解析

2009年考研英语翻译真题解析(一)第一句一、试题题源While it may be said, without exaggeration, that the measure of the worth of any social institution, economic, domestic, political, legal, religious, is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; yet this effect is not a part of its original motive, which is limited and more immediately practical.（48 words）二、考试试题It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive. （33 words）三、译文参考可以说，要衡量任何社会制度的价值，就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是其原来动机的一部分。

四、翻译讲解1. 整个句子的主干结构是but连接的两个并列句。

2. 第一个并列句这个句子有一个最简单的形式主语结构it may be said，然后有一个基本结构是the measure of …is in its effect in…，可以翻译为“衡量…是看在…中的效果”。

第二个并列句的结构非常简单。

3. 第一个并列句中主语中心词是measure后面带了两个of修饰结构，这种结构是属于考研翻译中考过无数次的结构，请参考94年71题，97年72题，01年74题，02年64题，和07年46题等。

2009年考研英语真题及参考答案

2009年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)①Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are. ②1 the fruit-ﬂy experiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times. ③Fruit ﬂies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit ﬂy2 to live shorter lives. ④This suggests that3 bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n)4 in not being too bright.①Intelligence, it 5 , is a high-priced option. ②It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 7 process—instead of instinct.③Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .①Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? ②That’s the question behind this new research. ③Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. ④This is 12 the mind of every animal we’ve ever met.①Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would13 on humans if they had the chance. ②Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. ③We believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. ④They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. ⑤ 18 , they would hope to study a(n) 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?⑥ 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] ﬁght [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indeﬁnite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] inﬂuences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1①Habits are a funny thing.②We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.③“Not choice, but habit rules the unreﬂecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century.④In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative implication.①So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.②But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.①Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.②In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.①But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay.②Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.①“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind.②“But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider’.”③She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. ④A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”①All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says.②Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively.③At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the ﬁrst decade or so of life.①The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.②“This breaksthe major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,” explains M.J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will …and Ms. Markova’s business partner. ③“That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. ④Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”⑤This is where developing new habits comes in.21. In Wordsworth’s view, “habits” is characterized by being__________.[A] casual [B] familiar[C] mechanical [D] changeable22. Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be__________[A] predicted. [B] regulated.[D]guided.traced.[C]23. The word “ruts” (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to__________[A] tracks. [B] series.[C] characteristics. [D] connections.24. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that__________[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind.[B] innovativeness could be taught.[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas.[D] curiosity activates creative minds.25. Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing__________[A] prevents new habits form being formed.[B] no longer emphasizes commonness.[C] maintains the inherent American thinking mode.[D] complies with the American belief system.Text 2①It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom—or at least conﬁrm that he’s the kid’s dad. ②All he needs to do is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit(PTK) at his local drugstore—and another $120 to get the results.①More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become availablewithout prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. ②More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2,500.①Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to ﬁnd their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. ②DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists—and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots.①Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. ②All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.①But some observers are skeptical.②“There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist. ③He notes that each individual has many ancestors—numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. ④Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. ⑤This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.①Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. ②Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.③This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, soa person’s test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. ④In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26. In paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK’s___________.[A] easy availability[B] ﬂexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to___________.[A] locate one’s birth place[B] promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to___________.[A] trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is___________.[A] disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building[C] excessive sample comparison[D] lack of patent evaluation30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be___________.[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA Testing[B] DNA Testing and It’s Problems[C] DNA Testing Outside the Lab[D] Lies behind DNA TestingText 3①The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike.②Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. ③We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.④The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.①Ironically, the ﬁrst evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. ②Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. economic performance.③Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity.④Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts—a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.①More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.①What is the real relationship between education and economic development? ②We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. ③After all, that’s how education got started.④When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.⑤Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.①As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential increased as well. ②When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. ③This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.④Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education.⑤A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future.⑥On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31.The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries__________.[A] is subject to groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventionally downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in Paragraph 1 that the construction of a new educational system__________.[A] challenges economists and politicians[B] takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufﬁcient labor force33. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that__________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C] the U.S. workforce has a better education[D] the U.S. workforce is more organized34.The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged__________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of ﬁnding food[C] when people no longer went hungry[D] as a result of pressure on government35.According to the last paragraph, development of education__________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4①The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. ②According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.”③According to many other books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.①To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we may not neglect. ②But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.③The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.①The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and inﬂuence in England. ②Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and ofﬁcial of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.③These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.①We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated.②While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized.③Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality.④A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is ﬁlled with signs.⑤Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the ﬁrst line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words:“Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.”⑥One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churches.①Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. ②“Our main end was to catch ﬁsh.”36.The author holds that in the seventeenth-century New England__________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life[B] intellectual interests were encouraged[C] Politics beneﬁted much from intellectual endeavors[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment37. It is suggested in Paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39.The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often__________.[A] inﬂuenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different intellectual backgrounds[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:In the following text, some segments have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to ﬁt into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not ﬁt in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. (41) ____________American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan helped found modern anthropology—the scientific study of human societies, customs and beliefs—thus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies. (42) ____________In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historicalparticularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. (43) ____________Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. (44) ____________Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. (45) ____________Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly inﬂuence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A]Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single originand passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B]In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, he became skilled in linguistics,the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of theﬁttest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, moreadvanced races and societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure,such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood. [E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms ofmarriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F] Supporters of the theory viewed cultureas a collection of integrated parts that work together tokeep a society functioning.[G]For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W.J. Perry incorrectly suggested,on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with othersand the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. (46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact,gains in importance. (48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.The need of training is too evident and the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we ﬁnd very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps adults loyal to their group.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution”is still going on.Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1) give your opinions brieﬂy, and2) make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 wordsANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing brieﬂy,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2009年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题参考答案Section I Use of English1. B. Consider2. A. tended3. D. dimmer4. B. advantage5. C. turns out6. A. off7. D. gradual8. C. stop9. B. limited 10. D. backward 11. D. costs 12. B. on 13. C. perform 14. D. for instance 15. A. if 16. C. determine 17. B. for 18. A. Above all 19. A. fundamental 20. C. So farSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText121. C. mechanical22. D. guided23. A. tracks24. D. curiosity activates creative minds.25. A. prevents new habits form being formed.Text226. A. easy availability27. C. identify parent-child kinship28. D. achieve the claimed accuracy29. A. disorganized data collection30. B. DNA Testing and Its ProblemsText331. D. has been overestimated32. B. takes efforts of generations33. B. the Japanese workforce is more productive34. C. when people no longer went hungry35. C. follows improved productivityText436. B. intellectual interests were encouraged37. B. brought with them the culture of the Old World38. D. created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. A. inﬂuenced by superstitions40. C. came from different intellectual backgroundsPart B41. C. He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the ﬁttest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.42. E. Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.43. A. Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.44. B. In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, he became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.45. G. For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W.J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part C46. 我们可以说，衡量任何社会机构价值的标准，是看它在丰富和完善人生经验过程中的影响，但是这种影响并不是它原来就想要达到的。

2009年考研英语真题答案完整版

2009年考研英语真题答案完整版：1-10 BADBC BDCAB11-20 CADDA DCBBD21-25 BDAAA26-30 ACAAB31-35DBBCC36-40 DDDAC41-45 35216Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.46题有人说，测量任何学校的价值是扩大和提高经验的影响，这种影响是最初动机的一部分47题只有逐渐注意机构的副产品，并且逐渐增多，它才能初人民认为是机构产品的一个直接因素。

2009考研英语阅读真题翻译

2009 Text 1习惯是件有趣的事情。

我们无意识间养成了一些习惯,我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。

“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话.在现在这个日新月异的21世纪,甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。

因此,在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。

但大脑研究人员发现,当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径,甚至是全新的脑细胞,可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。

我们不要把自己看成是不可改变的习惯动物，相反，我们可以通过有意识的培养新的习惯来引导自身的改变。

事实上，我们对新事物尝试得越多-—就会越远地走出自己的舒适地带——我们在工作场所及个人生活中就会变得越有创造性，但是,不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑,它们就会留在那里。

相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。

《开放思想》一书的作者Dawna Markova说：“革新所需要的第一样东西，就是一种对好奇的着迷。

然而我们被教导去做‘决定’，就像我们的总裁称呼自己为‘决策者’那样。

”她补充道，“但是，决定意味着否决一切可能性而只保留一种。

一个优秀的具有革新精神的思想者总是在探寻许多其它的可能。

"她说，我们都是通过一些自己没有意识到的方法解决问题的。

研究人员在20世纪60年代末发现人类天生主要用四种方法应对挑战。

这四种方法是分析法,程序法，关联(或合作）法和创新法.但是在青春期结束的时候,大脑关闭一半的能力，仅仅保留了那些大约在生命最开始的十几年时间里似乎是最有价值的思维方式。

目前标准化测试主要强调分析和程序的能力，也就是说,我们中很少有人会本能地使用创新和合作的思维方式.M.J.Ryan是2006年出版的著作《今年我将..。

..》一书的作者以及Markova女士的商业合作伙伴，她解释说：“这打破了美国信念体系里的主要规则--任何人都可以做任何事。

2009考研英语真题答案

2009考研英语真题答案【篇一：2009年考研英语完形填空真题及解析】s=txt>research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in carlzimmers piece in the science times on tuesday. fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. this suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.intelligence, it 5 , is a high-priced option. it takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning-a 7 process-instead of instinct. plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when to 8 .is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? thats the question behind this new research. i like it. instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species weve left in the dust i.q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. this is 12 the mind of every animal ive ever met.research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder whatexperiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small?scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. they would try to decide what intelligence in humans isreally 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. ［a］ suppose［b］ consider［c］ observe［d］ imagine2. ［a］ tended［b］ feared［c］ happened［d］ threatened3. ［a］ thinner［b］ stabler［c］ lighter［d］ dimmer4. ［a］ tendency［b］ advantage［c］ inclination［d］priority5. ［a］ insists on［b］ sums up［c］ turns out［d］ puts forward6. ［a］ off［b］ behind［c］ over［d］ along7. ［a］ incredible［b］ spontaneous［c］inevitable［d］gradual8. ［a］ fight［b］ doubt［c］ stop［d］ think9. ［a］ invisible［b］ limited［c］ indefinite［d］ different10. ［a］ upward［b］ forward［c］ afterward［d］ backward11. ［a］ features［b］ influences［c］ results［d］ costs12. ［a］ outside［b］ on［c］ by［d］ across13. ［a］ deliver［b］ carry［c］ perform［d］ apply14. ［a］ by chance［b］ in contrast［c］ as usual［d］ for instance15. ［a］ if［b］ unless［c］ as［d］ lest16. ［a］ moderate［b］ overcome［c］ determine［d］reach17. ［a］ at［b］ for［c］ after［d］ with18. ［a］ above all［b］ after all［c］ however［d］ otherwise19. ［a］ fundamental［b］ comprehensive［c］ equivalent ［d］ hostile20. ［a］ by accident［b］ in time［c］ so far［d］ better still 答案详解1.【解析】［b］语义衔接/词汇辨析题。

历年考研英语翻译真题长难句中词义的正确选择

历年考研英语翻译真题长难句中词义的正确选择【真题例句】It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. (2009-46)【结构分析】以分号入手，本句是并列复合句。

固定句型It may be said that引出由that引导的名词性从句that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience作主语，物主代词its根据就近原则指代上文any social institution，介词短语in enlarging and improving experience后置作effect的定语。

分号后转折并列部分代词this (effect)承接上文its effect in enlarging and improving experience，之后物主代词its(its original motive)的再度出现仍然指代句首交代的any social institution。

【词义选择】介宾结构in enlarging and improving experience部分，宾语部分为动名词短语，enlarge和improve的宾语是experience(经验)，所以分别译为(enlarge) “丰富”而不是“扩大”;improve译为“提升”而不是“改善”。

【参考译文】或许可以说，任何社会机构的价值衡量尺度是它在丰富和提升经验方面所起到的作用，但这种作用并非是它原来动机的一部分。

2009年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析(原MBA)

2009 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇说明文，摘自2008 年 6 月26 日The New York Times。

文章主要介绍了世界石油价格的变化的原因以及给世界带来的改变。

第一段主要介绍了近年来石油价格的上涨以及其背后的原因。

第二、三段主要介绍了石油价格的改变对国家相互之间的关系带来的影响。

第四、五段分别具体的介绍了世界石油价格的变化给德国与美国来带的影响。

二、试题分析1.【答案】C【解析】本题主要考查词义辨析和熟词生义，A 项come，B 项gone，D 项arrived 都表示“到，到达”的含义。

C项cross 意为“穿过”，这里是引申含义“突破”。

这句话指“价格已经突破100 美元每桶”，与上文的“16 美元一桶”做比较。

2.【答案】D【解析】本题考查动词与介词词组的搭配。

解题重点在于空后面的一个介词词组from …to…表示一个范围。

A 项covered 意为“覆盖”一般指地理范围；B 项discovered 发现；C 项arranged 安排；C 项D 项的动词都与介词词组搭配不合理。

D 项ranged 意为涉及的“范围延伸”。

与后面的from…to…搭配合理。

本句句意是：价格上涨的原因涉及从……到……，固定搭配range from A to B。

因此，选项D 正确。

3.【答案】D【解析】本题的解答要根据上下文来推理，四个选项中 A 项intensity 强度；B 项infinity；无穷大；C 项insecurity不安全；D 项instability 不安定，不稳定性。

后面说到了“伊拉克与尼日利亚的三角洲地区”，我们知道这两个地区的局势长期不稳定。

所以D 答案与此相符。

4.【答案】B【解析】本题考核的重点是与名词的搭配的相关动词，后面的宾语是一个名词结构，the economic and political做map 的定语，而of the world 做了map 的后置定语，所以中心词是map。

2009考研英语真题及答案解析

2009考研英语真题及答案解析2009年考研英语真题及答案解析2009年的考研英语真题是一次重要的考试，对考生们的英语水平进行了全面的考察。

本文将对2009年考研英语真题进行详细解析，并提供答案和解析，帮助考生更好地理解和应对考试。

一、阅读理解2009年的考研英语真题中，阅读理解部分占据了重要的位置。

这一部分主要考察考生的阅读能力和理解能力。

以下是真题中的一篇阅读材料及其答案解析。

阅读材料：In the United States, the social value of a college education has long been taken for granted. American parents expect their children to attend college, and college graduates have become the norm in the professional job market. Among the ten fastest-growing occupations, eight require an associate’s degree o r higher. In fact, experts predict that by 2008, about 90% of the fastest-growing jobs will require post-secondary education or vocational training.However, not all high school students are prepared for college-level work. Even those students who are academically prepared for college may not be able to afford it. Rising tuition (学费) has made college a luxury that is out of reach for many middle-income families.But cost is not the only reason a high school graduate might decide notto attend college. A university education is not appropriate or necessary forall careers. For example, vocational school or on-the-job training is often a better option for careers in the trades (工艺行业) or for those who want tobe business owners or operators. Some people simply choose not to go to college because they do not want to further their education in an academic setting.答案解析：1. According to the passage, what has become the norm in the professional job market in the United States?答案：College graduates.2. What does the author say about the fastest-growing occupations?答案：Eight out of ten of the fastest-growing occupations require a degree or higher education.3. Why do many high school graduates decide not to attend college?答案：The cost of college is one reason, and not all careers require a university education.通过对阅读材料的仔细阅读和理解，我们可以得出以上问题的答案。

2009年考研英语翻译真题译文及解析

词义推敲：
distinguish区分，区别
the broad educational process宽泛的教育进程
so far到目前（现在）为止，直至目前（现在）
that 在此处代指“教育”
direct tuition直接教导
schooling学校教育
参考译文：
因此，我们可以在上文所述及（目前为止已经考教导或学校教育。
词义推敲：
chief business主要任务，主要职责，主要事务
enable使…能够…
share in a common life参与共同的生活
cannot help considering情不自禁地考虑，禁不住考虑，不得不考虑
whether or not是否
secure this ability确保这个能力
得分重点：
让步状语从句，形式主语
４９、Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.
词义推敲：
the measure of 对……的衡量
social institution社会制度
effect效果，效应，影响
enlarging and improving experience扩展（或扩大）和改进（或提升）经验
original原始的，最初的
motive动机，目的

2009年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析

2009年考研英语二真题Section II Close(10%)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage ,there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose thebest one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil. (10 points)In1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, ithad(21)the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge (22) from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread (23) in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria's delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have (24) the economic and political map of the world, (25) some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, (26) major importers—including chinaand India, home to a third of the world's population-- (27) rising economic and socialcosts.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central(28) of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to (29) scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, (30) how unpleasant, to do it .In many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption,(31) these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments,(32) some in the west see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil 33, a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, (34) costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. (35) it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia (36) 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose (37) higher in the spring of 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama (38) for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to (39) ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems (40) the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D.instability24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatenin26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues34. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well as35. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplie37. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly38. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding39. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform40.A. for B. from C. across D. OverPart III Reading ComprehensionDirection: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Henric Ibsen, author of the play "A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affectsare still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female, according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America's 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway's stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck, head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience, "be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enoughexperience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen, who was voted Norway's chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to .A. depict women's dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44. The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen's playC. women's status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks atcancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her (Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer road trips," she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin my party," she writes. "There are just too many cool things to do and plan and live for."Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed,sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. "People you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3 ) probably refers to ________A. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________A. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Should a leader strive to be loved or feared? This question, famously posed by Machiavelli, lies at the heart of Joseph Nye’s new book. Mr.Nye, a former dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and one-time chairman of America’s National Intelligence Council, is best known for promoting the idea of “soft power”, based on persuasion and influence, as a counterpoint to “hard power”, based on coercion(强迫) and force.Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books, Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership, in both the political and business spheres. Machiavelli, he notes, concluded that “one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved.”In short, hard power is preferable to soft power. But modem leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing, the observe, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated. In modem companies and democracies, power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等级制) are being undermined, making soft power ever more important. But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion. Mr.Nye argues. Instead, he advocates a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of The Powers to Lead, his survey of the theory of leadership, is that a combination of hard and soft power, which he calls “smart power”, is the best approach.The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is, apparently, the “transformational leadership pattern”. Anyone allergic(反感) to management term will already be running for the exit, but Mr.Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadership into a single, slimvolume. He examines different approaches to leadership, the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effectiveness of a particular leader. There are plenty of anecdotes and examples, historical and contemporary, political and corporate.Also, leadership is a slippery subject, and as he depicts various theories, even Mr.Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall. He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadership, in particular, the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie—and he provides a helpful 12-points summary of his conclusion. A resuming theme is that as circumstances change, different sorts of leaders are required; a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another, and vice versa. Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadership offers no easy answers.51. From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr. Machiavelli’s idea of hard power is ______.A. well accepted by Joseph NyeB. very influential till nowadaysC. based on sound theoriesD. contrary to that of modem leadership theorists52. Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr.Nye?A. Coercion is widespread.B. Morality is devalued.C. Power is no longer concentrated.D. Traditional hierarchies are strengthened53. In his book the Powers to lead, Mr. Nye has examined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_____.A. authorityB. contextC. approachesD. morality54. Mr. Nye’s book is particularly valuable in that it _____.A. makes little use of management termsB. summarizes various studies conciselyC. serves as an exit for leadership researchersD. sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders55. According to the author, the most interesting part of Mr. Nye’s book lies in his _____.A. view of changeable leadershipB. definition of good leadershipC. summary of leadership historyD. discussion of moral leadershipQuestions 56 to 60are based on the following passage:Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on howyou define just what a war is. There are shooting wars—the kind that test patriotism and courage—and those are the kind at which the U.S excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag—when the job is done, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration(恶化)of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wishlists that could weaken American's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like—one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism(实用主义)with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. “I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming,”says Fred Krupp. “But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before.”56. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Human wars.B. Economic crisis.C. America's environmental policies.D. Global environment in general.57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and thestability of its economy is__________.A. of utmost importanceB. a fight no one can winC. beyond people's imaginationD. a less significant issue58. Judging from the context, the word “rub”(Line 1, Para.3)probably means_______.A. frictionB. contradictionC. conflictD. problem59. What is the author's attitude toward America's policies on global warming?A. CriticalB. IndifferentC. SupportiveD. Compromising60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably deal with___________.A. the new book written by Fred KruppB. how America can fight against global warmingC. the harmful effects of global warmingD. how America can tide over economic crisisSection IV TranslationDirections:In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.With the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers’excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue’s,and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.Part BDirections: it is known that text message( 手机短信)has both advantages and disadvantages. Some people think it is a blessing, while others regard it as a hell. In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on Answer Sheet 2.2009MBA联考英语试卷参考答案Section I V ocabulary and Structure1-5 BACDD 6-10CBAAC 11-15 BBABD 16-20 DBACBSection II Cloze21-25 CDDBC 26-30BDDBA 31-35 BACDA 36-40DBCACSection III Reading Comprehension41-45 BBAAC 46-50 CCBCC 51-55 DCABD 56-60CAAACSection IV Translation (参考译文)由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就受到密切关注.银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济.抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险.金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.Part BDirections: it is known that text message( 手机短信)has both advantages and disadvantages. Some people think it is a blessing, while others regard it as a hell. In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on Answer Sheet 2.审题谋篇：MBA联考英语试卷是考研英语二试卷的前身，就写作部分来讲，MBA联考主要有图表和话题作文两个形式。

2009考研英语试题翻译

2009考研英语试题翻译、作文参考答案2009年01月19日 14:44 来源：搜狐教育46．It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive尽管人们可以这样说，对任何一个社会制度价值的衡量就是其在增长和丰富经验方面所产生的影响，但是这种影响并不是其最初（原来）动机的一部分。

47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted. and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。

这个制度的副产品仅仅是为人们所逐步注意到，而在实施这种制度时，认为这种影响是一个制约因素则仍然更为缓慢。

48. while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.尽管我们在与年轻人交往时，很容易忽视我们的行为对他们性格的影响，但是与成年人接触或交往却并不那么容易。

49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share ina common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.既然我们对他们的主要职责（任务）就是使年轻人能够参与到一个共同的生活中去，因此我们不禁思考我们是否正具备这种力量，而这种力量将有助于我们获得这种能力。

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结构分析：It 做形式主语，翻译时常不译出来，that引导的是主语从句，也常不翻译; 特别要提到的是我
在基础班和强化班上多次强调的必考的短语结构：名词短语（N. + Prep+ N.+ Prep. + N.+ Prep），在
翻译时由后面往前面翻。
核心词汇：measure, institution, motive
参考答案：既然我们对他们的主要职责（任务）就是使年轻人能够参与到一个共同的生活中去，因此我们不
禁思考我们是否正具备这种力量，而这种力量将有助于我们获得这种能力。
50. We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education ---that of direct tuition or schooling.
翻译部分参考答案及解析与点评:
09年翻译试题的特点是五个句子里难词并不多，结构不太复杂，有关正规教育地位的主题也是大家熟悉的话题。因此难度略低于08年翻译。考到的两种特殊句型是我们课堂上多次讲到的必考特殊句型。一是47题的倒装，二是48题的宾语后置；三是50题的插入结构. 48题最难，很多同学由于不能正确快速地识别这个特殊结构而耗时多，结果还是白白丢分。There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others and the deliberate aducating of the young.
是个固定介词短语。正常结构为：ignore the effect of our acts upon their disposition in our
contact with them.
核心词汇：in contact with; effect of sth. upon/on; deal with
结构分析：within这个介词短语是个插入结构，a more formal kind of education是做distinguish的宾
语。That 是个代词，指代前面的A more formal kind of education
核心词汇：be led to, so far,
46. It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive.
结构分析：since引导的是表示原因的状语从句，翻译成“既然”。但是这句话难点在，主句是应该从we开
始后的部分，whether or not 引导的是宾语从句，做considering的宾语。Which 引导的是定语从句。
核心词组：enable…to …; share in sth.; can’t help doing sth.; whether or not;
参考答案：尽管人们可以这样说，对任何一个社会制度价值的衡量就是其是这种影响并不是其最初（原来）动机的一部分。
47. Only gradually was the by-products of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
结构分析：While引导让步状语从句，翻译成“虽然，尽管”，ignore的宾语是the effect of our acts
upon their disposition，由于宾语太长，英语中为了避免头重脚轻，而把宾语放到后面去，这种特殊句
型在近5年翻译题中几乎每年必考，希望明年的考生一定要引起足够的重视。in our contact with them
因素则仍然更为缓慢。
48. While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.
结构分析：Only gradually was….and only more gradually still was…。考到了倒装结构和And并列结
构（属于句子并列）
核心词汇：By-products, directive, conduct of the institution
参考答案: 这个制度的副产品仅仅是为人们所逐步注意到，而在实施这种制度时，认为这种影响是一个制约
参考答案：因此，我们到目前为止一直在思考这种广泛的教育过程，从而促使我们去区别一个更为正规的教
育，也就是说，那种直接教导或学校教育。
从上面分析可以看出，翻译出题老师这几年来越来越偏向于测试考生的句子结构分析能力，尤其是某些特殊结构的分析能力，比如，宾语后置，倒装，省略，固定短语，状语从句，特殊比较结构，强调结构和否定结构等8大特殊情况。
参考答案：尽管我们在与年轻人交往时，很容易忽视我们的行为对他们性格的影响，但是与成年人接触或交
往却并不那么容易。
49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we can’t help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.