名词性从句分项讲解与练习2

名词性从句分项讲解与练习2

1. 概念：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。（一）主语从句

1.主语从句的连接词可以分为：

1）that

连接词that本身没有意义，不作句子成分，只表示从句的开始，位于句首时，that不能省略；如：

That she will go abroad is known to us all.

2)whether/if

尽管不充当句子成分，但是含有“是否”的意思，可以加上“or not”，其语意不变。whether和if也有不同的用法，如果主语从句位于句首则必须用连接词whether,不用if。

Whether we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

3）what、who（m）、which，whose连接代词

这一类连接词既引导主语从句之外，又在从句中充当主语，宾语等成分，有词义。如：

Who will do it doesn't matter.（连接代词who在从句中作主语）

What we need is more water.（连接代词what在从句中作need的宾语）

Which of the two is better remains to be seen.（连接代词which在从句中作主语）

4）when,where,why,how连接副词

它们既引导主语从句，又在从句中充当状语成分，有词义。如：

When we will start the work is an important question.（连接副词when在从句中作时间状语）

Where the library is to be built has not been decided yet.（连接副词where在从句中作地点状语）

Why she was late for school is quite clear now.（连接副词why在从句中作原因状语）

5）疑问词+ever (whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever)

whatever等连接词与what等连接代词的用法一样，只是具有较强的语意，有“凡是、不管、无论”等意思。如：Whatever he said wasn't true.

2.主语从句有以下两种结构：

1）主语从句位于句首。如：

What he wanted to see was a great progress in English..

2）用it作当形式主语，把真正的主语从句放在句末。如：

It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

It is still unknown which team will win the match.

用it作形式主语有以下四种不同的搭配方式：

①It+be+形容词+that从句，如It is necessary that…有必要……It is important that…重要的是……It is obvious

that…很明显……

②It+be+过去分词+that从句……

It is believed that…人们相信……It is known (to all) that…众所周知……It is said...人们说……It is hoped...人们希望……

③It+be+名词+that从句

It is a surprise that …令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that…事实是……

④It+不及物动词+that从句

It seems that … 好像……It appears that… 似乎……It happens that.. 碰巧……It occurs to sb that…某人突然想起来……

一、主语从句巩固练习

1．____he does has nothing to do with me.

A. whatever

B. No matter what

C. That

D. If

2. Is _____he said really true?

A. that

B. what

C. why

D. whether

3.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.

A. That

B. Whether

C. If

D. Where

4. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.

A. while

B. if

C. that

D. for

5. _____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.

A. Whether

B. This

C. who

D. If

6.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.

A. What

B. That

C. Whether

D. If

7. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.

A. What

B. That

C. Who

D. How

8.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.

A. What; what

B. That; that

C. what; that

D. That ; what

9. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.

A. What

B. It

C. All that

D. That

10. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.

A. believed

B. think

C. say

D. hoped

(二)宾语从句

宾语从句在主从复合句中充当宾语，可以作动词、介词、形容词的宾语。

Do you know when we will have meeting I was surprised at what he said.

I am not sure whether my parents will give me money to buy a new computer.

引导宾语从句的连词

1. that

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。如：

We all agreed(that) it would be a mistake not to take his advice.

注意以下几点：

①从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。如：

We all think (that) she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.

②在insist , order, command , demand, request, require，suggest，propose, advise, recommend等表示要求、命令、建议等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。如：

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.

2. whether或if

用whether或if引导的宾语从句，从句仍保持陈述句语序，whether或if不担当成分，表示“是否”的意思 如：

I wonder whether he will come or not.

3. what、who（m）、which，whose连接代词。

这一类连接词既引导宾语从句之外，又在从句中充当主语，宾语等成分,如

I don't know who broke my bike.

4.when,where,why,how连接副词

它们既引导宾语从句，又在从句中充当状语成分，如：

Do you know where we can stay on this island?

I don’t know why John was l ate for school.

语序：要用陈述句语序

形式宾语

即动词+it+形容词或惯用搭配+that从句。常见于think,make,find,consider,feel,hear等动词，如：

We think it important that every citizen should have good manners.

I feel it necessary that we should take lots of water every day.

时态呼应