The Cross-culture Research between China and America on Family Education
语言与文化 论文(英文)
The Relation between Language and Culture Abstract: Different countries have different cultures, and also different language. Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Language is one of the most important carriers of culture. On the other hand, culture have a great impact on language, that is culture conditioning. Knowing the language and cultural backgrounds can help our communication. Instead, it will cause many communicative barriers. In this paper, we summarize the relationship between language and culture. And example to explain it’s impact on cross-culture communication.
摘要：不同的国家有不同的语言和文化，语言和文化是相互依赖、相互影响的，语言是文化的重要载体，另一方面，文化对语言也有制约作用。了解语言文化知识有助于我们的交际。相反地，缺乏语言文化背景知识必然会导致交际障碍。本文列举了语言与文化的关系，并举例说明了这种关系对跨文化交际的影响。
Wolfson
Wolfson, Nessa在《跨文化称赞语》中，主要写道中西方在称赞的对象上各有区别，西方人喜欢把称赞语用在地位相同的人身上而中国人习惯于把称赞语用在地位比自己高的人身上，以表示尊重。他从中西文化的不同上，分析了中英礼貌用语的差异。
Wolfson, Nessa in the cross-cultural compliment "in, main wrote in praise of Chinese and western objects each have distinction, westerners like to compliment with people in the same position in Chinese are used to thinking of the body and compliment than their status in high person, to show respect. He from the different between Chinese and western culture, this paper analyzes on the differe nces of courtesy.
Wolfson, Nessa in the "cross-cultural praised the words" in the West primarily writes in praise of the objects have different, Westerners like to praise the same language used in the position of the Chinese people who were accustomed to praise than the words used in the position the people who own high to show respect. He's different from Chinese and Western cultures on the analysis of the differences in polite English.
2[1].5-Cross-cultural differences
![2[1].5-Cross-cultural differences](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9d4de9ced5bbfd0a7956739d.png)
Lay tenor brutalt (i negativ kontekst) = suddenly and sharply mager = thin and wasted at styrte = to fall violently glat og blød = smooth
Study differences at level of morphology & word
Percentage of articles accepted by Science in 1994 (W.W. Gibbs, Scientific American 1995: 92-99)
Center for Medical LSP
Cross-cultural differences Dimensions in organization of academic texts:
Note: DK abbreviated adjectival form (lympho-); UK non-abbreviated form
Center for Medical LSP
Cross-cultural differences Analysis and observation – lexical level Noun groups: DK-UK
DK UK one word/noun several words/nouns Study differences at level of parts of speech: i.e. which words combine how?
从跨文化差异中看中西方饮食文化的异同现象
Comparative Study on Chinese and Western Dietary Cultures from a Cross-cultural Perspective
Abstract
Diet is closely related to the development of society. The development of economy makes the communication between countries became close. Therefore, it is necessary to study the differences between Chinese and western diets.
This paper firstly introduces the cultural background of China and the west, and then expounds the performance of the differences in Chinese and western diet from the three aspects of food style, food content and table manners, and analyzes the reasons for the differences, and finally makes a conclusion through research.
This paper studies the differences between Chinese and western food cultures by searching for information on the internet and consulting relevant books. In the course of the study, it is found that there are differences between Chinese and western food cultures. However, as the trade between the international community becomes closer, the food cultures are also influencing and merging with each other, which has promoted the friendly exchanges around the world.
A Cross-Culture Perspective on Teaching
A Cross-Culture Perspective on Teaching
作者：多守明
来源：《教育教学论坛》 2013年第15期
多守明
（德宏师范高等专科学校外语系，云南芒市678400）
Abstract：During the past decades，educators have been searching the effective approaches to improve their teaching bylooking towards the Western
counties.Interestingly，many of their Western counterparts are also looking towards the East forsimilar inspiration.The main purpose of this research is to avoid
danger of direct transplant of certain approaches by comparingsocietal cultural background which affects teaching and learning.
Key words：Cross-culture；Perspective；Teaching
中图分类号：G640 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-9324（2013）15-0182-05
Introduction：
There are countless researches dealing with teaching approaches and cultures of the East and West separately.Unfortunately，studies concerning cross-culture perspective on teaching and learning are inadequate.At the IT age，learning is global wide.People are traveling and learning from each other.This does not mean
怎样传播中国文化小学英语作文
怎样传播中国文化小学英语作文
The world today is more interconnected than ever before. With the rapid advancement of technology and globalization, people from different countries and cultures are able to interact and exchange ideas more easily. In this context, the importance of cultural exchange and mutual understanding has become increasingly paramount. One effective way to promote cultural exchange is through the dissemination of one's own cultural heritage to a global audience. For China, a country with a rich and ancient civilization, this presents both an opportunity and a responsibility to share its unique cultural traditions with the world.
One powerful tool for spreading Chinese culture globally is the use of the English language. As the most widely spoken language in the world, English serves as a lingua franca that enables cross-cultural communication and understanding. By creating high-quality English content that introduces and celebrates Chinese culture, China can effectively reach a global audience and foster greater appreciation for its traditions.
The Difference between Chinese and Western Culture in the Allusions of Animals 中英动物词语区别
The Difference between Chinese and Western Culture
in the Allusions of Animals
1. Introduction
2. The differences between Chinese and Western culture in the meaning of animal
2.1. The same allusions of animals in Chinese and Western culture.
2.2. Different allusion of animals in Chinese and Western culture.
2.3. Different animal words having similar cultural connotations in Chinese and Western culture.
2.4. Vacancies of cultural allusions in Chinese and Western culture.
3.The Trend of the Research
4. The Problems
5. Suggestions for translation
5.1. Literal translation.
5.2. Substitution
6.Conclusion
1. Introduction
Language is a tool of communication which people can use it to express their thoughts. Language is part of Culture, and reflects its social culture, at the same time; it is confined by social culture. English and Chinese are both developed languages, with extremely rich vocabulary, including many words related to animals. Both Chinese and English contain a large number of animal-related words, idioms and expressions. Some of their meaning, connotations and applications are the same or similar, some are different. On the one hand, they have common point; this is because human brings have similar thinking; common cognitive rule; some animals in the two national lives in the workday equally important position; and their characteristics and the inherent properties of these animals. On the other hand, the respective religions; history and culture of the two social groups as china and English in their long historical process; the different geographical environment, and customs form the discrepancy of animal words.
Hofstede-Cross-Cultural-Research(共27张)
第9页，共27页。
Business Areas Affected by Uncertainty Avoidance
Source: Adapted from Hofstede G (1984), “Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values”, abridged edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc. Reproduced with permission of McGraw-Hill
第6页，共27页。
The power distance dimension
Small power distance
• Status should not matter • Inequality in society
should be minimised
• Hierarchy is not important
support beliefs promising certainty and institutions protecting conformity.
第8页，共27页。
跨文化交际英文案例
跨文化交际英文案例
Title: Cross-Cultural Communication: A Case Study
Introduction:
Cross-cultural communication refers to the exchange of information, ideas, and emotions between individuals from different cultural backgrounds. In this case study, we will explore a real-life scenario that highlights the challenges and strategies involved in cross-cultural communication. The case revolves around a business negotiation between a Chinese company, XYZ Electronics, and an American company, ABC Corporation.
Case Background:
XYZ Electronics is a leading Chinese electronics manufacturer, known for its innovative products. The company is looking to expand its market presence globally and has identified ABC Corporation as a potential partner for collaboration. ABC Corporation is a well-established American company specializing in the distribution of consumer electronics.
跨文化管理 Cross Cultural Management 英语作文
Cross Cultural Management >Cross-Cultural Management Essay:
Cross-cultural management is the administration’s study to understand the influence of societal culture on managers and management practice and individual managers’ research and the organization’s cultural orientations. There are different length essays on cross-cultural management to guide you in exams, speeches and class projects. I hope you find them useful.
Long and Short Essays on Cross-Cultural Management for Students and Kids in English
We provide children and students with essay samples on a long essay of 500 words and a short essay of 150 words on the topic “Cross-Cultural Management” for reference.
中华文化世界影响英语作文
中华文化世界影响英语作文
Chinese culture has had a profound impact on the world, and its influence can be seen in various aspects, including the English language. The rich and diverse heritage of Chinese civilization has left an indelible mark on the global community, shaping the way people communicate, think, and perceive the world around them.
One of the most significant ways in which Chinese culture has influenced the English language is through the adoption of Chinese words and expressions. As the world's most spoken language, Chinese has contributed numerous words to the English lexicon, such as "kung fu," "feng shui," "dim sum," and "typhoon." These terms not only reflect the cultural exchange between China and the West but also add a unique flavor to the English language, enriching its vocabulary and enhancing cross-cultural communication.
Cross-Cultural Communication
ZHANG WEIJIA
1183107
Cross-Cultural Communication
Abstract
Nowadays, many countries in the world will communicate with each other and cross-cultural communication have become increasing frequently. People who have different cultural background and use different languages work in some multinational companies play a huge role in promoting. Cross-Cultural communication is becoming very important in modern society. Because of the people living in different cultural backgrounds, have different faith of religion, personal values and so on, this differences will lead to unnecessary conflicts. Even in the same country, different areas of the people in business communication because of local cultural differences which take intervene to the communication of people. So it is very important for us to have a good understand of the barriers that exist in business communication and to surmount these barriers.
Pragmatic Failure in the Cross-Cultural Communication 跨文化交际中的语用失误
Since China’s opening to the outside world，the cross-cultural communication becomes more and more important, if people of different languagesand backgroundswant to communicate smoothly ,language is the foundation ,and the culture whichattached tothe language is also important. Some English learners often make the pragmatic failures(expressing improperly or evenmaking the wrongly understanding) during the cross-cultural communication, for they have little knowledge about the English speaking countries’ background or they don’t know how to understand and use English according to the conversation context.If thelanguageseparatedfrom culture, it is just a pile of symbol.The successful cross-cultural communication needs not only the foreign language learnerstohave the good ability of using language but also to know the differences of the Chinese and western cultures. So a good understanding of the target language is necessary.In the other hands, because of the pragmatic failure is a kind of phenomenon which reflects the language learners’culture background and valueorientation. That’sto say, language learners make the pragmatic failure for they have different culture backgrounds and valueorientation, people should not over criticize itartificiallyoraffix toa stag“wrong”on it.One of the sensiblewaysto solve this problem is to guide the learners by teachers, they can help students to distinguish their mother language’s culture from the target language’scultureby teaching some knowledge of culture. For example, English vocabulary contains its ownculture, like the vocabulary about number and color have different pragmatic meanings in Chinese. Furthermore, teachers should ask them to pay attention to the usage of theeuphemismand thetaboo.
What_Is_Cultural_Research_on_Yangming_Studies
Culture, Civilization, and theBaidu NhomakorabeaForms of Humanity
[Refer to page 15 for Chinese. Similarly hereina er]
Why should we look at Yangming Studies as a cultural phenomenon?
Wu Zhen is professor and doctoral supervisor in the School of Philosophy at Fudan University. E-mail: wuzhen@ fudan.edu.cn
21
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e “Appended Remarks II” [系辞下] of the Book of Changes o ers a clearer de nitive description of the meaning of the character wen, “When things intermingle, this is called pattern.” If we extrapolate from this, wen indicates a state where things are intermingled to create a pattern. The “Record of Music” [乐记] in the Book of Rites says, “The five colors form a complete and elegant pattern, without any confusion,”3 indicating that here wen is used in the sense of various things mixed together, and that this variety of things implies the question of a proper order. The Explaining Graphs and Interpreting of Chinese Characters [说文解字] offers the following explanation, “Wen 文, intersecting strokes, is like an interlocking pattern.”4 Wen 文 and wen 纹 (lines, veins, grain) were o en used interchangeably.5 The definition does not refer to any specific object, but to various possible states of existence. As the concept of wen became increasingly clari ed, an idea of civilization formed and eventually developed into an idea of the world of humanity. On the other hand, the progression from “contemplating the forms of humanity” to “shaping the world under Heaven” implies the formation of a world of “human culture.” We observe that the Book of Changes describes the formation of human civilization as a process of “civilization” developing into the “forms of humanity,” and finally attaining the level of
关于跨文化的英文文献
关于跨文化的英文文献
Cross-cultural research has gained increasing attention in recent years due to globalization and the frequent interaction among people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Understanding the differences and similarities between cultures is essential for effective communication and collaboration among people from different regions. This article reviews the most recent academic literature on cross-cultural research and highlights the key findings and challenges associated with this field.
One of the most significant findings in cross-cultural research is the concept of cultural dimensions. Culture can be defined by a set of values, beliefs, and attitudes that shape the behavior of people in a specific community. Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory is one of the most widely accepted frameworks for understanding cultural differences. According to Hofstede, there are six dimensions: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and indulgence. These dimensions can help researchers and practitioners identify and evaluate cultural differences and similarities.
cross-cultural research
5. Different Religion
Philosophy of cross-cultural research
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
• Absolutism
human phenomena are the same
• Relativism
no or little interest in intergroup.
• Universalism
How to resolve the challenges in cross-cultural social work research
Appropriate cultural sensitivity 6. Use or train culturally competent interviewers. 7. Bilingual staff 8. Understanding cultural factors influencing participation 9. Anonymous enrollment(for example, AIDS/HIV populations) 10. Translation Validity
Cross-cultural research in Social Work
1. Majority vs. Minority
2. Western vs. Eastern (especially East Asian)
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2.4The Difference between Family Education Results
• American Children: independent, competitive and able to adapt to new surroundings • Chinese Children: superior in grade points, are expected to be talents, children’s interests and creativity are ignored
Differences in values between Chinese and American family education
中国
团 家 个 体 庭 人 团 个 家
西方
体 人 庭
中国文化传统中各因 素比例
西方文化传统中各因素 比例 （葛树慧，2009）
• 一个传统社会中的中国人，他的身份、地位、价 值、权力义务和责任，都是和他的家庭和家族紧 密联系在一起的，一损俱损，一荣俱荣，一个人 如果家庭的“门第”高，家庭是“名门望族”， 他的地位也就高，价值也就大。 （易中天，1996）
• The objective of American family education is to raise children as social people who are able to conform to the different surroundings and being independent. • By contract, Chinese parents are always eager for their children to be some ones, to have good jobs and live in a bed of roses.
3.2 Different Economic Patterns
• The America: advanced productive force, a booming economy, light living stress, having a broad range of choices and open careers.
• However，Chinese parents hold that they are their children’s elders. Parents regard their children as their private property．
2.3The Difference between Family Education Objectives
2.2The Difference between Family Education Methods
• In general, the education method of American families is equal and democratic. Parents respect children and treat them as equal and independent family members.
1.1 The Importance of Family Education
Family，as the cell of society，is the first place that children receive education and the first unit that the children get in touch with the society．
• Chinese people are particular about the commonness that the collective interest is superior to the individual's. In the family, parents treat their children as the extending of their own values. Children are the whole content of their life whose future life is designed by their parents in advance.
3.3 Different Cultural Traditions
• 3.3.1 Different Value Orientations
American people emphasize the individual interest and self achievement, whose cultural core is man-oriented. In the family, an individual has the highest right and is independent of the family relationship.
3.3.2 Different Modes of Thinking
• Americans are rational. The obligations of fostering and educating children are not starting from the interest of the whole families and themselves. • Chinese treat family relationship on the basis of affection. Most Chinese parents educate their children out of the consideration of supporting of their old age and realizing their own ambitions, since they regard children as their personal properties.
The Causes for the Differences
3.1 Different Historical Background The American: immigrant , short history, multicultural values
The China: long history, conservative, old restraints and small-scale peasant economy
1.2 The Aims of Family Education
• help children understand life and society, enrich their experience and lay the foundation of their future independent life • help the children have a healthy personality • develop children's morality • help the children have a healthy body • guide children in their acquisition of knowledge
3.3 Different Cultural Traditions
• 3.3.1 Different Value Orientations
American people emphasize the individual interest and self achievement, whose cultural core is man-oriented. In the family, an individual has the highest right and is independent of the family relationship.
2.1The Difference between Family Education Contents
• Chinese family education puts great emphasis on children's all-round development - moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetical. • American family education is rich in content and attaches importance to children's harmonious development of physical power, cognition, sociality, language and emotion, which is called competenceoriented education.
The case study of the Joy Luck Club 喜福会
• The main characters and content
• Differences in values between Chinese and American family education • A comparison between Chinese and American family education
Show off due to daughter’s championship
传统道德因素的比例表
人格气质 均值 4.05 3.92 3.87 标准差 1.561 2.020 1.532
气节 忠孝 仁爱 理智
勤俭 进取 侠义 中庸
3.75
3.10 2.91 2.33 0.01
பைடு நூலகம்
2.170
2.362 2.182 2.571 3.488
Suyun,woo, Jingmei,woo
Yingying, Lena
Lindo Jong， Waverly Jong
An-Mei Hsu， Rose Hsu Jordan
The main content
Four mothers were suffered tortures in old China ,so they finally forced to far from home to the United States to live. Their daughters were born in the US and affected by the culture and education of the US, which lead to a series of clashes between mothers and daughters. but there also are the cultural collisions and blends.
• The China: an academic-oriented society with a backward economy, heavy living stress, tending to place the happiness of their whole life on one vocation.
The Cross-culture Research between China and America on Family Education —A Case Study of Joy Luck Club
Contents
• 1. Introduction • 2. The Difference between Chinese and American Family Education • 3. The Causes for the Differences • 4. A Case Study of Joy Luck Club • 5. Conclusion and References