高中英语倒装句的用法

高中英语倒装句的用法
一、倒装的基本概念及分类
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。

如果把谓语动词放在主语之前，就称为倒装结构；如果谓语全部放在主语之前，就称为全部倒装；如果只把助动词、be 动词或情态动词放在主语之前，就称为部分倒装。

二、全部倒装句
1. 以here, there, now, then开头，谓语动词是be, come, go, follow 等词，主语为名词。

如：
Now comes your turn to answer the questions.
Then came the hour I had been looking forward to.
2. 以up, down, out, in, away, off等表示移动方向的副词开头的句子, 谓语通常为go, come,
rush, fly, fall 等不及物动词，主语为名词。

如：
Out rushed the boy.
Down jumped the murderer from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him.
注：以上两种句型中，若主语是代词，即使here, there, now, then, up, down, out, in, away, off 放在句首，也不用倒装。

如：
Out he rushed.
Here you are!
3. 表示地点的介词短语或副词(短语) 位于句首，谓语是不及物动词，主语是名词。

如：
Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.
East of the city lies a big river.
They climbed to the top of the mountain, above which appeared a rare rainbow.
He will spend the coming Spring Festival in Guangzhou, where live his grandparents.
4. 表语位于句首，构成“形容词/现在分词/过去分词+连系动词+主语”结构。

如：
Present at the meeting were Professor Smith and many other guests.
Gone are the days when we had nothing to worry about.
Attending the meeting today are our headmaster and most of the teachers.
5. 代词such作表语，位于句首时。

如：
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.
Such are the facts; no one can deny them.
6. 保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密时。

如：
Inside the pyramids are the rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.
三、部分倒装
1. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。

如：
Only here is rock music popular.
Only in this way can we learn English well.
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
注意：
(1) only在句首修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装。

(2) only在句首修饰主语时，句子不倒装。

如：
Only Senior 3 students are allowed to enter this reading room.
2. never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not, in no case等表示否定意义的副词或短语位于句首。

如：
Hardly had we arrived home when it began to rain.
Not until he took off his dark glasses did I recognize him.
In no case will I live in big cities such as Shanghai and Beijing.
3. 表示前句所说的某种情况也适合于另外的人或物，用“so/neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情
态动词+主语”。

如：
He is a teacher. So am I.
He doesn’t like sports. Neither/Nor do I.
注意：
(1) “so+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”是对前面内容的肯定或附和，
– It is a fine day today. – So it is.
– He studies hard. – So he does and so do you.
(2) 若前句情况较复杂，既有否定又有肯定，或既有be动词又有助动词，则用
“So it is with sb./sth.”或“It is the same with sb./sth.”。

如：
Tom is a student and he studies hard. So it is with his sister.
He is a Chinese but he doesn’t like learn the Chinese language. It is the same with me.
4. not only…but also…连接并列的句子，且not only放在句首时，前句倒装，后句不倒装。

如：
Not only does he know English well, but also he speaks fluent French.
5. neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后两句都倒装。

如：
Neither will he settle in America nor will he allow his children to do so.
6. so…that…; such…that…中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前句倒装，后句不倒装。

如：
So angry was the fathe r that he could not say a word.
(因为谓语动词只有一个be动词，因此be放在主语之前，形成全部倒装)
So fast did time fly that half a year had gone by before I knew it.
Such a good lie did he make up that we all believed him.
7. as引导的让步状语从句中，表语(名词、形容词)、状语(副词)、动词原形位于句首，主语和谓语语序不变。

表语是可数名词单数时，冠词省略。

Try as I would, I couldn’t make him change the plan.
Old as Mr. Li is, he is still doing a lot of voluntary work for the community.
Beautiful girl as she is, none of her classmates likes her.
8. 当if虚拟条件句中谓语部分含有were, should 或助动词had时，可以省略if，把were, should 或had放到句首，形成部分倒装。

如：
Were it to rain tomorrow, we would not go sightseeing.
Should I fail in the coming college entrance examination, I would choose a professional technical school to learn some practical skills.
Had he not committed the crime, he would not have been in prison for 5 years.。