OracleOperate(oracle操作)
oracle数据库的使用方法
oracle数据库的使用方法以下是使用Oracle数据库的常见方法:1. 安装Oracle数据库:首先要安装Oracle数据库软件。
可以从Oracle官方网站下载安装程序,然后按照安装向导进行安装。
2. 创建数据库:安装完成后,可以使用Oracle提供的工具(如SQL*Plus、SQL Developer等)登录到数据库,然后使用DDL语句(如CREATE DATABASE)创建数据库。
3. 创建表:在数据库中创建表格是存储数据的基本单位。
可以使用CREATE TABLE语句来创建表,指定表的名称、列名和列的数据类型等。
4. 插入数据:可以使用INSERT语句将数据插入到表中。
语法类似于INSERT INTOtable_name (column1, column2, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, ...)。
5. 查询数据:可以使用SELECT语句从表中查询数据。
语法类似于SELECT column1,column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE condition。
可以使用WHERE子句来添加查询条件。
6. 更新数据:可以使用UPDATE语句更新表中的数据。
语法类似于UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ... WHERE condition。
可以使用WHERE子句来指定更新的行。
7. 删除数据:可以使用DELETE语句从表中删除数据。
语法类似于DELETE FROMtable_name WHERE condition。
可以使用WHERE子句来指定要删除的行。
8. 索引和约束:可以使用索引来提高查询性能,可以使用约束来保证数据的完整性和一致性。
可以使用CREATE INDEX语句创建索引,使用ALTER TABLE语句添加约束。
9. 事务管理:Oracle支持事务的概念,可以使用BEGIN TRANSACTION、COMMIT和ROLLBACK语句来管理事务。
oracle位运算函数
oracle位运算函数摘要:1.位运算概述2.Oracle位运算函数介绍3.常见位运算函数的使用示例4.位运算在实际场景中的应用5.总结与建议正文:1.位运算概述位运算是一种直接操作二进制数据的运算方式,广泛应用于计算机科学领域。
在数据库管理系统(如Oracle)中,位运算同样具有重要应用。
本文将重点介绍Oracle中的位运算函数,并通过实例演示其用法。
2.Oracle位运算函数介绍Oracle提供了丰富的位运算函数,包括以下几类:(1)位与运算:&(2)位或运算:|(3)位异或运算:^(4)位非运算:~(5)位左移运算:<<(6)位右移运算:>>(7)位翻转运算:ROL(左循环位移)和ROR(右循环位移)3.常见位运算函数的使用示例以下以位与运算(&)和位左移运算(<<)为例,演示如何在Oracle中使用位运算函数:(1)位与运算SELECT binary_value1 & binary_value2 FROM table_name;(2)位左移运算SELECT binary_value << 1 FROM table_name;4.位运算在实际场景中的应用位运算在实际场景中具有广泛的应用,如:(1)数据加密:通过位运算实现对敏感数据的加密,提高数据安全性。
(2)数据压缩:利用位运算实现数据压缩,减少存储空间和传输带宽。
(3)位字段操作:在数据库中处理位字段数据,如设置标志位、更新位状态等。
5.总结与建议掌握Oracle位运算函数对于开发者具有重要意义。
在实际开发过程中,灵活运用位运算可以有效提高代码效率,降低系统资源消耗。
oracle的用法
oracle的用法Oracle是一个关系型数据库管理系统,常用于企业级应用的数据存储和管理。
以下是Oracle的常见用法:1. 数据库管理:Oracle提供了各种工具和功能来管理和维护数据库,包括创建和管理表、索引、视图、约束等数据库对象,了解数据库的状态和性能,备份和恢复数据库等。
2. 数据查询和操作:通过结构化查询语言(SQL),用户可以对Oracle数据库进行数据查询、插入、更新和删除操作。
可以根据条件过滤数据、排序和聚合数据,实现复杂的查询需求。
3. 数据安全和权限控制:Oracle提供了安全性功能,如用户认证、权限管理和数据加密等,以保护数据的机密性和完整性。
可以为不同用户或用户组分配不同的权限,限制对数据库对象的访问和修改。
4. 数据备份和恢复:通过Oracle的备份和恢复功能,可以定期备份数据库,以防止数据丢失或损坏。
在数据库发生故障时,可以使用备份文件进行数据恢复,保证业务的连续性。
5. 数据复制和集群:Oracle支持数据库的复制和集群部署。
通过数据库复制,可以将数据复制到不同的服务器上,以提高数据的可用性和性能。
通过数据库集群,可以将多个服务器连接在一起,形成一个逻辑上的单一数据库,实现高可用性和负载均衡。
6. 业务应用开发:Oracle提供了各种开发工具和API,可用于开发基于Oracle数据库的企业级应用。
可以使用编程语言(如Java、C#等)和数据库连接库(如JDBC、ODBC等)与Oracle数据库进行交互,实现应用程序的数据存储和访问。
7. 数据分析和报表:Oracle提供了数据分析和报表工具,如Oracle Business Intelligence(BI),以帮助用户从数据库中提取和分析数据。
可以创建统计报表、图表和仪表盘,帮助业务决策和分析。
总之,Oracle作为一种强大的数据库管理系统,通常用于企业级应用的数据存储、管理和分析。
它具有丰富的功能和工具,可满足各种数据管理和应用开发的需求。
oracle windows操作语句
oracle windows操作语句Oracle是一种关系型数据库管理系统,广泛应用于企业级应用程序开发中。
在Windows操作系统上,可以使用Oracle SQL Developer或SQL*Plus等工具执行Oracle数据库操作语句。
下面列举了十个常用的Oracle Windows操作语句。
1. 创建表(CREATE TABLE)CREATE TABLE语句用于创建数据库中的表。
例如,创建一个名为“employees”的表,包含id、name和age三个字段:```sqlCREATE TABLE employees (id NUMBER,name VARCHAR2(100),age NUMBER);```2. 插入数据(INSERT INTO)INSERT INTO语句用于向表中插入数据。
例如,向“employees”表插入一条记录:```sqlINSERT INTO employees (id, name, age)VALUES (1, 'John', 25);```3. 更新数据(UPDATE)UPDATE语句用于更新表中的数据。
例如,将“employees”表中id为1的记录的年龄改为30:```sqlUPDATE employeesSET age = 30WHERE id = 1;```4. 删除数据(DELETE)DELETE语句用于删除表中的数据。
例如,删除“employees”表中id为1的记录:```sqlDELETE FROM employeesWHERE id = 1;```5. 查询数据(SELECT)SELECT语句用于从表中查询数据。
例如,查询“employees”表中的所有记录:```sqlSELECT * FROM employees;```6. 创建索引(CREATE INDEX)CREATE INDEX语句用于在表上创建索引,以提高查询性能。
oracle 常见英文
record relation 关系 view 视图 command insert query search sort restore恢复
object configuration配置 SQL:Structed Query Language :结构化查询语言 cursor:光标
OS:(Operateion System):操作系统 advanced高级的 administator管理员
guest permission:权限 priority优先级 valid 有效的 refresh setup,install安装
uninstall卸载 program程序 wizard向导 license 许可证 back,previous 上一步
css:Cascading Style sheet 样式表 CM:communication Management 通信管理 control 控制器 cross 通过 command命令 condition 条件 complete 完成,全部的 create 创建 category 类别 composite 合成的 custom 定制 compare 比较
argument参数 prompt 提示符 copyright 版权 project current-file path
enviroment variable环境变量 characterset字符集 release 发布 settings 设置
structrue 结构 new version datachange data flow data type database数据库
B/s :Browser /server 浏览器/服务器 network 网络 www :world wild web万维网
Oracle常用命令大全(很有用,做笔记)
Oracle常⽤命令⼤全(很有⽤,做笔记)⼀、ORACLE的启动和关闭1、在单机环境下要想启动或关闭ORACLE系统必须⾸先切换到ORACLE⽤户,如下su - oraclea、启动ORACLE系统oracle>svrmgrlSVRMGR>connect internalSVRMGR>startupSVRMGR>quitb、关闭ORACLE系统oracle>svrmgrlSVRMGR>connect internalSVRMGR>shutdownSVRMGR>quit启动oracle9i数据库命令:$ sqlplus /nologSQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Oct 31 13:53:53 2003Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.SQL> connect / as sysdbaConnected to an idle instance.SQL> startup^CSQL> startupORACLE instance started.2、在双机环境下要想启动或关闭ORACLE系统必须⾸先切换到root⽤户,如下su - roota、启动ORACLE系统hareg -y oracleb、关闭ORACLE系统hareg -n oracleOracle数据库有哪⼏种启动⽅式说明:有以下⼏种启动⽅式:1、startup nomount⾮安装启动,这种⽅式启动下可执⾏:重建控制⽂件、重建数据库读取init.ora⽂件,启动instance,即启动SGA和后台进程,这种启动只需要init.ora⽂件。
2、startup mount dbname安装启动,这种⽅式启动下可执⾏:数据库⽇志归档、数据库介质恢复、使数据⽂件联机或脱机,重新定位数据⽂件、重做⽇志⽂件。
oracle基本操作
oracle基本操作Oracle是一种关系数据库管理系统,它是世界上最受欢迎的企业级数据库。
它被各种企业广泛使用,它的功能非常强大,包括数据安全、访问控制、事务处理、性能优化、数据备份和恢复等。
本文将介绍Oracle的基本操作,包括如何创建、修改和删除表,如何插入、更新和删除数据,以及如何查询和导出数据。
这些操作对于初学者来说非常重要,也是使用Oracle的基础。
1.创建表格在Oracle中,创建表的语法如下:CREATE TABLE table_name ( column1 datatype, column2 datatype, column3 datatype, .... );其中,table_name是要创建的表的名称,column1、column2等是列名,datatype是列的数据类型。
例如,创建一个名为“employees”的表格,并添加列“id”、“name”和“salary”,则可以使用以下命令:CREATE TABLE employees ( id NUMBER(4) NOT NULL, name VARCHAR2(15) NOT NULL, salary NUMBER(7,2), PRIMARY KEY (id) );注意,id和name列设置为NOT NULL,这表示这两列不能为空。
salary列的数据类型为NUMBER,并设置了精度和小数位数。
2.修改表格如果需要修改表格,可以使用ALTER TABLE命令。
例如,如果想向employees表格添加新的列“address”,可以使用以下命令:ALTER TABLE employees ADD address VARCHAR2(50);如果需要删除表格中的列,可以使用以下命令:ALTER TABLE employees DROP COLUMN address;3.删除表格如果需要删除一个表格,可以使用以下命令:DROP TABLE table_name;例如,删除名为“employees”的表格:DROP TABLE employees;如果不小心使用了错误的命令或者删除的表格不是自己想要的,则可以使用RECOVER命令来找回删除的表格。
oracle 使用方法
oracle 使用方法Oracle是一种关系数据库管理系统,被广泛应用于企业级应用程序和大型数据处理环境中。
它提供了强大的数据管理和查询功能,同时还具备高可用性、可扩展性和安全性等特点。
本文将介绍Oracle 的使用方法,以帮助读者更好地理解和应用这一数据库管理系统。
一、安装和配置Oracle要使用Oracle,首先需要将其安装在计算机上,并进行相应的配置。
安装过程通常比较复杂,需要按照官方文档或指南进行操作。
在安装完成后,还需要配置数据库实例、监听程序和网络连接等相关参数,以确保Oracle能够正常运行。
二、创建和管理数据库安装完成后,可以使用Oracle提供的工具或命令行界面创建数据库。
在创建数据库时,需要指定数据库的名称、大小、字符集和存储路径等信息。
创建数据库后,还需要进行必要的管理操作,如备份和恢复、性能优化和安全管理等。
三、数据模型和表设计在Oracle中,数据以表的形式进行组织和存储。
在设计表之前,需要根据应用程序的需求和业务逻辑确定数据模型。
数据模型可以使用实体关系图或其他建模工具进行表示,以帮助开发人员理清表与表之间的关系。
在设计表时,需要考虑数据类型、大小、约束和索引等因素,以确保数据的完整性和查询性能。
四、数据操作和查询一旦数据库和表都创建好了,就可以开始进行数据操作和查询了。
Oracle提供了丰富的SQL语句和函数,可以用于插入、更新、删除和查询数据。
在进行数据操作时,需要注意事务的处理和并发控制,以确保数据的一致性和并发性能。
在进行查询时,可以使用索引、视图和存储过程等技术,来提高查询效率和灵活性。
五、性能优化和调优Oracle具有强大的性能优化和调优功能,可以帮助用户提高数据库的性能和响应速度。
在进行性能优化时,可以使用Oracle提供的性能监视和诊断工具,如AWR报告和SQL Trace等,来分析和优化SQL查询语句。
此外,还可以通过调整数据库参数和优化数据库设计来提高整体性能。
oracle并行用法
oracle并行用法
Oracle并行指的是在Oracle数据库中同时执行多个操作,从而提高数据库性能和并发能力。
1. 并行查询:在一个查询语句中使用并行提示(/*+ PARALLEL(表名, 并行度) */)来指定要并行执行的操作。
并
行度决定了查询在多个并行执行进程之间的划分,可以根据系统的硬件资源和查询的复杂度来决定并行度的设置。
2. 并行DML:在执行大量的数据修改操作(如insert、update、delete)时,可以通过并行DML来加速操作。
通过设置PARALLEL DML参数(如PARALLEL_DEGREE_POLICY和PARALLEL_MIN_PERCENT)来控制并行DML的行为。
3. 并行DDL:在执行一些DDL操作(如创建表、重建索引、
分区表等)时,可以使用并行DDL来加速操作。
通过设置PARALLEL DDL参数(如PARALLEL_DEGREE_POLICY)
来控制并行DDL的行为。
4. 并行服务器:Oracle数据库中有一个专门的服务器进程(Parallel Query Slaves)来执行并行操作。
可以通过设置PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS参数来控制并行服务器的数量,以适应系统的并行需求。
5. 并行提示:在查询语句中使用串行提示(/*+
NO_PARALLEL(表名) */)来取消并行执行的操作。
这样可以
在某些情况下临时禁止并行执行,以便进行调试或性能比较等
操作。
需要注意的是,并行执行可能会增加系统的负载和资源消耗,因此在使用并行功能时需要根据实际情况进行合理调整,避免对系统性能造成过大的影响。
Oracle8i应用程序开发者指南 - 大对象(LOBs)说明书
Oracle8i Application Developer’s Guide - Large Objects (LOBs), Release 2 (8.1.6)Part No. A76940-01Copyright © 1996, 1999, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.Primary Authors: Shelley Higgins, Susan Kotsovolos, Den RaphaelyContributing Authors:Geeta Arora, Sandeepan Banerjee, Thomas Chang, Chandrasekharan Iyer, Ramkumar Krishnan, Dan Mullen, Visar Nimani, Anindo Roy, Rosanne Toohey, Guhan ViswanaContributors:Jeya Balaji, Maria Chien, Christian Shay, Ali Shehade, Sundaram Vedala, Eric Wan, Joyce YangGraphics:Valerie Moore, Charles KellerThe Programs (which include both the software and documentation) contain proprietary information of Oracle Corporation; they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are also protected by copyright, patent, and other intellectual and industrial property laws. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of the Programs is prohibited.The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.If youfind any problems in the documentation, please report them to us in writing. Oracle Corporation does not warrant that this document is error free. Except as may be expressly permitted in your license agreement for these Programs, no part of these Programs may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Oracle Corporation. If the Programs are delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing or using the programs on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable:Restricted Rights Notice Programs delivered subject to the DOD FAR Supplement are "commercial computer software" and use, duplication, and disclosure of the Programs, including documentation, shall be subject to the licensing restrictions set forth in the applicable Oracle license agreement. Otherwise, Programs delivered subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations are "restricted computer software" and use, duplication, and disclosure of the Programs shall be subject to the restrictions in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights (June, 1987). Oracle Corporation, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065.The Programs are not intended for use in any nuclear, aviation, mass transit, medical, or other inherently dangerous applications. It shall be the licensee's responsibility to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure the safe use of such applications if the Programs are used for such purposes, and Oracle Corporation disclaims liability for any damages caused by such use of the Programs.Oracle is a registered trademark, and PL/SQL, Pro*Ada, Pro*C, Pro*C/C++ , Pro*COBOL, SQL*Forms, SQL*Loader, SQL*Plus,Oracle7, Oracle8, Oracle8i are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation. All other company or product names mentioned are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective owners.Contents Send Us Your Comments (xxxix)Preface...........................................................................................................................................................xliInformation in This Guide..................................................................................................................xlii Feature Coverage and Availability...................................................................................................xlii New LOB Features...............................................................................................................................xlii What’s New in This Manual..............................................................................................................xliii Related Guides....................................................................................................................................xliv How This Book Is Organized............................................................................................................xlvi Conventions Used in this Guide......................................................................................................xlviii How to Interpret the Use Case Diagrams............................................................................................l Use Cases Diagram Elements................................................................................................................liii Hot Links From Use Case Diagram to Use Case Diagram..............................................................lx Your Comments Are Welcome...........................................................................................................lxi1 IntroductionWhy Use LOBs?...................................................................................................................................1-2 Unstructured Data........................................................................................................................1-2 LOB Datatype Helps Support Internet Applications..............................................................1-2 Why Not Use LONGs?.......................................................................................................................1-3 LOBs Help Control Semantics.........................................................................................................1-4 LOBS Enable inter MEDIA................................................................................................................1-4 LOB "Demo" Directory......................................................................................................................1-5 Compatibility and Migration Issues...............................................................................................1-5iiiExamples in This Manual Use Multimedia_Tab..........................................................................1-6 For Further Information...............................................................................................................1-62 Basic ComponentsThe LOB Datatype..............................................................................................................................2-2 Internal LOBs.................................................................................................................................2-2 External LOBs (BFILEs)................................................................................................................2-2 Internal LOBs Use Copy Semantics, External LOBs Use Reference Semantics...................2-3 Varying-Width Character Data.........................................................................................................2-4 The LOB Locator.................................................................................................................................2-5 LOB Value and Locators..............................................................................................................2-5 LOB Locator Operations..............................................................................................................2-5 Creating Tables that Contain LOBs.................................................................................................2-8 Initializing Internal LOBs to NULL or Empty..........................................................................2-8 Initializing Internal LOB Columns to a Value........................................................................2-10 Initializing External LOBs to NULL or a File Name..............................................................2-103 LOB Programmatic EnvironmentsSix Programmatic Environments Operate on LOBs.....................................................................3-2 Comparison of the Six LOB Interfaces...........................................................................................3-3 Using PL/SQL (DBMS_LOB Package) to Work With LOBs.......................................................3-6 Provide a LOB Locator Before Invoking the DBMS_LOB Routine.......................................3-6 Client PL/SQL Procedures Cannot Call DBMS_LOB Routines............................................3-6 Offset and Amount Parameters: Fixed-Width Versus Varying-Width, Character orByte For DBMS_LOB Package...............................................................................................3-7 DBMS_LOB.LOADFROMFILE: Specify Amount Parameter to be Less than Size ofBFILE!........................................................................................................................................3-7 DBMS_LOB.READ: Amount Parameter Can be Larger than Data Size...............................3-7 PL/SQL Functions and Procedures that Operate on BLOBs, CLOBs, NCLOBs, andBFILEs........................................................................................................................................3-7 PL/SQL Functions/Procedures To Modify BLOB, CLOB, and NCLOB Values................3-8 PL/SQL Functions/Procedures To Read or Examine Internal and External LOB Values 3-8 PL/SQL Functions/Procedures To Operate on Temporary LOBs........................................3-8 PL/SQL Read-Only Functions/Procedures for BFILEs..........................................................3-9 PL/SQL Functions/Procedures To Open and Close Internal and External LOBs.............3-9ivUsing C (OCI) to Work With LOBs...............................................................................................3-11 Set CSID Parameter to OCI_UCS2ID to Read/Write in UCS2............................................3-11 Offset and Amount Parameters: Fixed-Width Versus Varying-Width, Characteror Byte With OCI...................................................................................................................3-11 OCILobLoadFromFile: Specify Amount Parameter to be Less than Length of BFILE.....3-13 OCILobRead: Specify Amount Parameter to be 4 gigabytes - 1..........................................3-13 OCI LOB Examples.....................................................................................................................3-13 Further Information About OCI:..............................................................................................3-14 OCI Functions that Operate on BLObs, BLOBs, NCLOBs, and BFILEs.............................3-14 OCI Functions To Modify Internal LOB (BLOB, CLOB, and NCLOB) Values..................3-14 OCI Functions To Read or Examine Internal LOB and External LOB (BFILE) Values....3-15 OCI Functions For Temporary LOBs.......................................................................................3-15 OCI Read-Only Functions For BFILEs.....................................................................................3-15 OCI LOB Locator Functions......................................................................................................3-16 OCI LOB-Buffering Functions..................................................................................................3-16 OCI Functions To Open and Close Internal and External LOBs.........................................3-16 Example Procedure: main() and seeIfLOBOpen....................................................................3-17 Using C/C++ (Pro*C) to Work with LOBs....................................................................................3-22 First Provide an Allocated Input Locator Pointer that Represents LOB............................3-22 Pro*C/C++ Statements that Operate on BLOBs, CLObs, NCLOBs, and BFILEs..............3-22 Pro*C/C++ Embedded SQL Statements To Modify Internal LOBs (BLOB, CLOB,and NCLOB) Values..............................................................................................................3-23 Pro*C/C++ Embedded SQL Statements To Read or Examine Internal andExternal LOB Values.............................................................................................................3-23 Pro*C/C++ Embedded SQL Statements For Temporary LOBs..........................................3-24 Pro*C/C++ Embedded SQL Statements For BFILEs............................................................3-24 Pro*C/C++ Embedded SQL Statements For LOB Locators................................................3-24 Pro*C/C++ Embedded SQL Statements For LOB Buffering...............................................3-25 Pro*C/C++ Embedded SQL Statements To Open and Close Internal LOBsand External LOBs (BFILEs).................................................................................................3-25 Using COBOL (Pro*COBOL) to Work with LOBs.....................................................................3-26 First Provide an Allocated Input Locator Pointer that Represents LOB............................3-26 Pro*COBOL Statements that Operate on BLOBs, CLOBs, NCLOBs, and BFILEs............3-27 Pro*COBOL Emvbedded SQL Statements To Modify Internal LOBs (BLOB, CLOB,and NCLOB) Values..............................................................................................................3-27vPro*COBOL Embedded SQL Statements To Read or Examine Internal andExternal LOB Values.............................................................................................................3-28 Pro*COBOL Embedded SQL Statements For Temporary LOBs..........................................3-28 Pro*COBOL Embedded SQL Statements For BFILEs............................................................3-28 Pro*COBOL Embedded SQL Statements For LOB Locators................................................3-29 Pro*COBOL Embedded SQL Statements For LOB Buffering..............................................3-29 Pro*COBOL Embedded SQL Statements To Open and Close Internal LOBsand External LOBs (BFILEs).................................................................................................3-29 Using Visual Basic (Oracle Objects for OLE (OO4O)) to Work with LOBs..........................3-30 OO4O Syntax Reference and Further Information................................................................3-30 OraBlob, OraClob, and OraBfile Object Interfaces Encapsulate Locators..........................3-31 Example of OraBlob and OraBfile............................................................................................3-31 OO4O Methods and Properties to Access Data Stored in BLOBs, CLOBs, NCLOBs,and BFILEs..............................................................................................................................3-32 OO4O Methods To Modify Internal LOBs (BLOB, CLOB, and NCLOB) Values..............3-33 OO4O Methods To Read or Examine internal and External LOB Values..........................3-34 OO4O Methods To Open and Close External LOBs (BFILEs).............................................3-34 OO4O Methods For Internal LOB-Buffering..........................................................................3-35 OO4O Properties For Operating on LOBs..............................................................................3-35 OO4O Read-Only Methods For External Lobs (BFILEs)......................................................3-36 OO4O Properties For Operating on External LOBs (BFILEs)..............................................3-36 Using Java (JDBC) to Work with LOBs.........................................................................................3-37 Changing Internal LOBs with Java..........................................................................................3-37 Reading Internal LOBs and External LOBs (BFILEs) with Java...........................................3-37 Calling DBMS_LOB Package....................................................................................................3-37 Referencing the LOBs.................................................................................................................3-37 JDBC Syntax References and Further Information................................................................3-38 JDBC Methods for Operating on LOBs....................................................................................3-39 JDBC oracle.sql.BLOB Methods To Modify BLOB Values..................................................3-39 JDBC oracle.sql.BLOB Methods To Read or Examine BLOB Values.................................3-39 JDBC oracle.sql.BLOB Methods and Properties for BLOB-Buffering................................3-40 JDBC oracle.sql.CLOB Methods To Modify CLOB Values.................................................3-40 JDBC oracle.sql.CLOB Methods To Read or Examine CLOB Values................................3-41 JDBC oracle.sql.CLOB Methods and Properties for CLOB-Buffering..............................3-41 .......................................................................................................................................................3-42viJDBC oracle.sql.BFILE Methods To Read or Examine External LOB (BFILE) Values....3-42 JDBC oracle.sql.BFILE Methods and Properties for BFILE-Buffering...............................3-43 JDBC: OracleBlob and OracleClob Do Not Work in 8.1.x and Future Releases................3-434Managing LOBsDBA Actions Required Prior to Working with LOBs..................................................................4-2 Set Maximum Number of Open BFILEs...................................................................................4-2 Using SQL DML for Basic Operations on LOBs......................................................................4-2 Changing Tablespace Storage for a LOB...................................................................................4-3 Managing Temporary LOBs..............................................................................................................4-4 Using SQL Loader to Load LOBs.....................................................................................................4-5 LOBFILES.......................................................................................................................................4-5 Loading InLine and Out-Of-Line Data into Internal LOBs Using SQL Loader.....................4-6 SQL Loader Performance: Loading Into Internal LOBs..........................................................4-6 Loading Inline LOB Data..................................................................................................................4-7 Loading Inline LOB Data in Predetermined Size Fields.........................................................4-7 Loading Inline LOB Data in Delimited Fields..........................................................................4-8 Loading Inline LOB Data in Length-Value Pair Fields...........................................................4-8 Loading Out-Of-Line LOB Data....................................................................................................4-10 Loading One LOB Per File.........................................................................................................4-10 Loading Out-of-Line LOB Data in Predetermined Size Fields............................................4-11 Loading Out-of-Line LOB Data in Delimited Fields.............................................................4-12 Loading Out-of-Line LOB Data in Length-Value Pair Fields..............................................4-13 SQL Loader LOB Loading Tips......................................................................................................4-14 LOB Restrictions...............................................................................................................................4-15 Removed Restrictions......................................................................................................................4-165 Advanced TopicsRead-Consistent Locators..................................................................................................................5-2A Selected Locator Becomes a Read Consistent Locator........................................................5-2Updating LOBs and Read-Consistency.....................................................................................5-3 Example of an Update Using Read Consistent Locators........................................................5-3 Updated LObs Via Updated Locators.......................................................................................5-5 Example of Updating a LOB Using SQL DML and DBMS_LOB..........................................5-6 Example of Using One Locator to Update the Same LOB Value...........................................5-8viiExample of Updating a LOB with a PL/SQL (DBMS_LOB) Bind Variable.......................5-10 LOB Locators Cannot Span Transactions................................................................................5-13 Example of Locator Not Spanning a Transaction..................................................................5-13 LOB Locators and Transaction Boundaries..................................................................................5-16 Locators Contain Transaction IDs When................................................................................5-16 Locators Do Not Contain Transaction IDs When..................................................................5-16 Transaction IDs: Reading and Writing to a LOB Using Locators........................................5-16 Non-Serializable Example: Selecting the Locator with No Current Transaction..............5-17 Non-Serializable Example: Selecting the Locator within a Transaction.............................5-18 LOBs in the Object Cache...............................................................................................................5-20 LOB Buffering Subsystem..............................................................................................................5-21 Advantages of LOB Buffering...................................................................................................5-21 Guidelines for Using LOB Buffering........................................................................................5-21 LOB Buffering Usage Notes......................................................................................................5-23 Flushing the LOB Buffer...........................................................................................................5-25 Flushing the Updated LOB........................................................................................................5-26 Using Buffer-Enabled Locators.................................................................................................5-27 Saving Locator State to Avoid a Reselect................................................................................5-27 OCI Example of LOB Buffering................................................................................................5-28 Creating a Varray Containing References to LOBs....................................................................5-326 Frequently Asked QuestionsConverting Data Types to LOB Data Types...................................................................................6-3 Can I Insert or Update Any Length Data Into a LOB Column?.............................................6-3 Does COPY LONG to LOB Work if Data is > 64K?.................................................................6-3 General..................................................................................................................................................6-4 How Do I Determine if the LOB Column with a Trigger is Being Updated?......................6-4 Reading and Loading LOB Data: What Should Amount Parameter Size Be?.....................6-4 Index-Organized Tables (IOTs) and LOBs.....................................................................................6-6 Is Inline Storage Allowed for LOBs in Index-Organized Tables?..........................................6-6 Initializing LOB Locators..................................................................................................................6-7 When Do I Use EMPTY_BLOB() and EMPTY_CLOB()?.........................................................6-7 How Do I Initialize a BLOB Attribute Using EMPTY_BLOB() in Java?...............................6-8 JDBC, JPublisher and LOBs..............................................................................................................6-8 How Do I Insert a Row With Empty LOB Locator into Table Using JDBC?........................6-8viiiHow Do I setData to EMPTY_BLOB() Using JPublisher?...................................................6-9 JDBC: Do OracleBlob and OracleClob Work in 8.1.x?............................................................6-9 How Do I Manipulate LOBs With the 8.1.5 JDBC Thin Driver?..........................................6-10 Is the FOR UPDATE Clause Needed on SELECT When Writing to a LOB?.....................6-11 Loading LOBs and Data Into LOBs...............................................................................................6-12 How do I Load a 1Mb File into a CLOB Column?.................................................................6-12 How Do We Improve BLOB and CLOB Performance When Using JDBC DriverTo Load?...................................................................................................................................6-12 LOB Indexing....................................................................................................................................6-16 Is LOB Index Created in Same Tablespace as LOB Data?....................................................6-16 Indexing: Why is a BLOB Column Removed on DELETing but not a BFILE Column?..6-16 Which Views Can I Query to Find Out About a LOB Index?..............................................6-16 LOB Storage and Space Issues.......................................................................................................6-18 What Happens If I Specify LOB Tablespace and ENABLE STORAGE IN ROW?............6-18 What Are the Pros and Cons of Storing Images in a BFILE Versus a BLOB?....................6-18 When Should I Specify DISABLE STORAGE IN ROW?......................................................6-19 Do <4K BLOBs Go Into the Same Segment as Table Data, >4K BLOBs Go Into aSpecified Segment?................................................................................................................6-19 Is 4K LOB Stored Inline?............................................................................................................6-20 How is a LOB Locator Stored If the LOB Column is EMPTY_CLOB() orEMPTY_BLOB() Instead of NULL? Are Extra Data Blocks Used For This?.................6-21 Migrating From Other Database Systems....................................................................................6-22 Is Implicit LOB Conversion Between Different LOB Types Allowed in Oracle8i?...........6-22 Performance.......................................................................................................................................6-23 What Can We Do To Improve the Poor LOB Loading Performance When UsingVeritas File System on Disk Arrays, UNIX, and Oracle?.................................................6-23 Is There a Difference in Performance When Using DBMS_LOB.SUBSTRVersus DBMS_LOB.READ?.................................................................................................6-24 Are There Any White Papers or Guidelines on Tuning LOB Performance?.....................6-24 When Should I Use Chunks Over Reading the Whole Thing?............................................6-25 Is Inlining the LOB a Good Idea and If So When?.................................................................6-25 How Can I Store LOBs >4Gb in the Database?......................................................................6-26ix。
oracle基本操作命令
oracle基本操作命令Oracle是目前最为流行和广泛使用的数据库管理系统之一,它可以帮助企业轻松高效地进行数据管理和分析。
作为一个Oracle数据库管理员或开发人员,了解一些基本操作命令,对于日常工作和维护数据库是非常必要的。
下面我们来简单介绍一些Oracle基本操作命令。
1. 登录数据库Oracle的登录命令为:sqlplus /nolog,它会打开一个sql>的命令行,提示用户输入数据库账号和密码登陆。
2. 创建表格Oracle通过create table命令来创建表格。
它的基本格式为:create table tablename (columnname datatype, columnnamedatatype, …);3. 插入数据通过insert命令可以将数据插入表格中。
格式为:insert into tablename(column1, column2, ...) values(value1, value2, ...);4. 查询数据Oracle的查询语句为select。
例如:select * from tablename,将会显示表格中的所有数据。
5. 更新数据通过update命令可以更新表格中的数据。
格式为:update tablename set column=value where condition;6. 删除数据和表格Oracle的删除语句为delete和drop。
delete用于删除表格中的数据,格式为:delete from tablename where condition;而drop则是直接删除整个表格,格式为:drop table tablename;以上是Oracle基本操作命令的简单介绍。
当然,Oracle还有很多高级功能和操作命令,需要用户自行查找学习。
掌握一些基本操作命令,可以使用户更好的管理和维护Oracle数据库,提高工作效率。
oracle行转列通用方法
oracle行转列通用方法在Oracle数据库中,将行数据转换为列数据通常需要使用一些特定的技术,如PIVOT操作。
然而,Oracle并没有提供一个直接的函数或操作来将行数据直接转换为列数据。
相反,您需要使用CASE语句或DECODE函数结合聚合函数来实现这一目标。
1.确定要转换的行数据和目标列结构。
2.创建一个临时表或子查询,包含要转换的行数据。
3.使用CASE语句或DECODE函数,根据行数据的值生成目标列数据。
4.使用聚合函数(如MAX、MIN、SUM等)对生成的列数据进行汇总。
下面是一个示例,演示如何将行数据转换为列数据:假设我们有一个名为"sales"的表,包含以下行数据:我们希望将产品作为列标题,汇总每个产品的总销售额。
可以使用以下查询实现:SELECT MAX(CASE WHEN product = 'A' THEN amount ELSE NULL END) AS A,MAX(CASE WHEN product = 'B' THEN amount ELSE NULL END) AS B,MAX(CASE WHEN product = 'C' THEN amount ELSE NULL END) AS CFROM sales;上述查询将返回以下结果:在这个例子中,我们使用了CASE语句和MAX聚合函数。
CASE语句根据产品值生成相应的列数据,MAX函数用于汇总每个产品的总销售额。
您可以根据实际情况调整CASE语句的条件和目标列名称。
请注意,这种方法并不是唯一的解决方案,也可以使用其他技术或工具来实现行转列的转换。
上述方法是一种通用的方法,适用于大多数情况。
oracle行列转换方法汇总
oracle行列转换方法汇总Oracle是一种关系型数据库管理系统,提供了丰富的行列转换方法,用于对数据进行灵活的处理和分析。
本文将总结和介绍几种常用的Oracle行列转换方法。
一、行列转换概述行列转换是指将数据从行的形式转换为列的形式,或者从列的形式转换为行的形式。
在数据分析和报表生成过程中,行列转换可以方便地对数据进行透视和展示,使数据更加直观和易于理解。
二、使用PIVOT进行行列转换PIVOT是Oracle提供的一种行列转换函数,可以将行数据转换为列。
其基本语法如下:```SELECT *FROM (SELECT 列1, 列2FROM 表名)PIVOT(聚合函数(列2)FOR 列1 IN (值1, 值2, ...))```其中,列1表示要进行行列转换的列,列2表示要进行聚合的列,聚合函数可以是SUM、AVG、COUNT等。
三、使用UNPIVOT进行行列转换UNPIVOT是PIVOT的逆操作,可以将列数据转换为行。
其基本语法如下:```SELECT *FROM (SELECT 列1, 列2FROM 表名)UNPIVOT(列值FOR 列名 IN (列1, 列2, ...))```其中,列1、列2表示要进行行列转换的列,列值表示转换后的值,列名表示转换后的列。
四、使用CASE语句进行行列转换除了使用PIVOT和UNPIVOT函数外,还可以使用CASE语句进行行列转换。
CASE语句可以根据条件对数据进行分类和分组,从而实现行列转换的效果。
其基本语法如下:```SELECT列1,MAX(CASE WHEN 条件1 THEN 列2 END) AS 列名1,MAX(CASE WHEN 条件2 THEN 列2 END) AS 列名2,...FROM 表名GROUP BY 列1```其中,列1表示要进行行列转换的列,条件1、条件2表示根据哪些条件进行分类和分组,列2表示要进行转换的列,列名1、列名2表示转换后的列。
oracle pivot用法
oracle pivot用法English Answer:PIVOT Function in Oracle.The PIVOT function in Oracle allows you to transform data from a row-oriented format to a column-oriented format. This can be useful for creating summary reports, cross-tabulations, and other types of data analysis.The basic syntax of the PIVOT function is as follows:SELECT pivot_column,。
agg(expression)。
FOR pivot_value IN (value1, value2, ...)。
FROM table_name.GROUP BY pivot_column.The `pivot_column` is the column that you want to use as the basis for the pivot. The `agg()` function is the aggregate function that you want to apply to the data. The `pivot_value` is the list of values that you want to use to create the pivot columns.For example, the following query uses the PIVOTfunction to create a summary report of sales data:SELECT region,。
SUM(sales)。
Oracle Hospitality OPERA Cloud Services 数据册说明书
Network and Communications GuidelinesOPERA Cloud Services is a cloud-based mobile-enabled platform for next generation hotel management that can scale from small single property environments to large hotel chains with many thousands of rooms using the same underlying architecture.To connect to OPERA Cloud, the hotel operator needs to select an internet service with sufficient bandwidth to support the operational needs of a hotel operation. Attempting to deploy OPERA Cloud over an unreliable or slow network results in slow application performance, low staff productivity, and ultimately a poor guest experience.Oracle Hospitality OPERA Cloud ServicesORACLE DATA SHEETThis software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreementor allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited.The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing.If this software or related documentation is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of theU.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable:U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. No other rights are granted to the U.S. Government.This software or hardware is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications. It is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications that may create a riskof personal injury. If you use this software or hardware in dangerous applications, then you shall be responsible totake all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure its safe use. Oracle Corporation andits affiliates disclaim any liability for any damages caused by use of this software or hardware in dangerous applications.Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Intel and Intel Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. AMD, Opteron, the AMD logo, and the AMD Opteron logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group.This software or hardware and documentation may provide access to or information about content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates are not responsible for and expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services unless otherwise set forth in an applicable agreement between you and Oracle. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party content, products, or services, except as set forth in an applicable agreement between you and Oracle.ORACLE DATA SHEETArchitectureThe architecture of OPERA Cloud has been designed to operate securely using the public Internet from redundant and highly scalable Oracle Cloud Data Centers. This ensures that users with different form factors like desktop, tablet, or mobile can access the same data.For OPERA to perform well there are a number of network considerations that must be satisfied. To ensure application performance is as expected, you must consider three main areas: •Latency•Available Bandwidth•Jitter/LossFigure 1. Showing theorientation of the data center,backbone networks andsubscribing hotels.ORACLE DATA SHEETLatencyLatency is the measurement of time taken for networkpackets to traverse a network and is a function of a number of factors, most notably distance from the data center, access technology, last-mile bandwidth, and network contention. It is the single biggest factor that affects perceived application performance and can easily be tested by performing a network ‘traceroute’ test.Table 1 below indicates recommended latency limitations when using OPERA Cloud. This should also take into account the type of hotel operation considered.For example, high transactional operations with a heavy peak check-in/out workload should have an average latency to the data center under 200 ms. Beyond this, while the application continues to run, the user experience will degrade.LatencyBusiness Class hotelHigh Transactional VolumeResort StyleMedium Transactional VolumeSmall and Boutique StyleLow Transactional Volume1–200 ms201–300 msHow should latency be measured?Traceroutes can be used to measure latency from the client network to the datacenter over the public Internet as shown in figure 2. This test also confirms that the client site is usingthe most efficient path available.Akamai IP Acceleration.To better control the variable and often inconsistent routing experienced whilst traversing the public internet, Oracleoften leverages the Akamai IP Acceleration (IPA) network to ensure packets are routed efficiently. This productdynamically routes traffic from clients accessing OPERA to the closest Akamai node which then completes the network transfer. This service relies on clients using a local DNS provider to ensure they are routed to the closest Akamai node.Oracle Hospitality Cloud Data CenterINTERNETHotel NetworkTable 1. Recommended latency limitations for OPERA Cloud.OPERA HOTELFigure 2. Showing packet originating fromsubscribing hotel to facility edge. By using thetraceroute utility, both the network latency and path taken to the datacenter will be displayed.ORACLE DATA SHEETWhich Oracle Data Centers should be used?Globally, OPERA Cloud will be available from major regional locations with each major regional presence (US, EMEA & AP) leveraging a minimum of two geographically redundantdata centers to ensure that full geographic failover can beprovided if required. A consistent design approach also allows all regions to adhere to a globally consistentservice-level agreement depending on user requirements.Oracle Hospitality’s infrastructure team will determine which regional data center facilities to use by taking into account the geographic location of the hotel chain, thetype of hotel operations and, most importantly, the network performance between the subscribing hotels and the hosting data center facility.It is also possible to use multiple facilities; however, this can add to the cost and complexity and depends on the hotel’s size, growth strategy, and existing central reservation systems.ChicagoWashington DC FrankfurtSingaporeFigure 3. Geographic location of OPERA Cloud data centers.São PauloDenverBandwidth ConsiderationsPer HotelNetwork bandwidth refers to the data rate and is a measure of a network’s ability to transfer data.In most networks, it is usually limited by the capacity of the local network edge access link between the subscribing hotel and its core network backbone, as shown at right.When designing the type of circuit required for OPERA Cloud, it is important the following requirements are adequately scoped:•Total number of physical workstations within the property which will be required to access OPERA Cloud.•If existing links are utilized, ensure sufficient free bandwidth is available during peaks.Bandwidth CalculationsDuring the normal operation of OPERA Cloud, the bandwidth requirements are relatively small; however, these do peak when a user requests data to print or requires a download of exported data. To calculate this, the following formula can be used as a g uide:Recommended minimum bandwidth (Mbps) per hotel=(W×0.3) Where: W=Total Physical Workstations This formula results in the following bandwidth estimations. Depending on the available bandwidth tiers, the local access link should always be rounded up from the value calculated in table 3.Core Network BackboneNetworkEdge AccessLinksHotel Network SecuritySubscribingHotelWorkstations Bandwidth (Mbps)5 1.5103257.550151003015045Figure 4. Showing network edge ‘lastmile’ links which are typically limitingfactors in corporate network designs.HOTELWWWTable 3: Site bandwidth requirementsby workstation count.Capacity plan where existing links are used Where existing circuits are planned to also carry OPERA Cloud traffic, it is important that a capacity plan isundertaken to ensure that sufficient spare bandwidth is available.What type of backbone network can be used?OPERA Cloud is designed to be operated securely from a browser over the public Internet.What type of local access l ink technology can be used?The type of the access technology used does not affect the ability to use OPERA Cloud as long as the network allows TCP/IP connectivity to the Oracle Hospitality data centers and latency and bandwidth requirements are met.Security and Port ConsiderationsTo connect to OPERA Cloud, customers must allow HTTP and HTTPS/TLS (TCP 443) outbound to the OPERA Cloud data center on their local hotel network security devices.Jitter definitionJitter is defined as a variation in the delay of received packets. The sending side transmits packets in acontinuous stream and spaces them evenly apart. Jitter occurs where network congestion, improper queuing, or configuration errors results in an inconsistent delay in delivery at the receiver.Ashburn ASHTable 4. Typical city-to-city global network latencies from OPERA Cloud data center facilities (highlighted).Bangalore 231 BANGBeijing 295 162 BEIJChicago 36 245 273 CHIWash, DC 2 230 296 35 DCADenver 55 257 250 27 56 DENDallas 38 264 263 44 39 18 DFWFrankfurt 101 166 301 116 100 140 135 FRAHong Kong 231 95 67 209 232 186 198 237 HKCHyderabad 222 12 152 235 221 248 254 164 85 HYDELos Angeles 67 239 231 63 68 43 37 161 167 230 LAXLondon 84 158 287 98 83 122 118 20 223 149 151 LONMexico 65 297 289 70 66 51 35 159 225 288 61 149 MEXMiami 31 257 293 41 32 53 36 129 229 248 65 111 63 MIANew York 11 223 295 26 9 53 48 92 231 213 76 75 74 41 NYCParis 92 160 295 107 91 131 127 12 231 157 160 11 157 120 84 PARPhiladelphia 7 226 298 30 6 56 44 96 234 216 73 78 70 37 5 87 PHLSao Paulo 156 374 416 165 157 168 161 239 352 364 185 223 183 129 158 231 162 SAOSeattle 81 249 242 56 83 36 53 164 177 239 33 154 90 79 79 155 83 198 SEASan Fran. 77 230 223 59 78 32 48 161 166 221 12 151 70 75 76 160 79 194 23 SFOShanghai 268 133 32 246 269 223 235 274 43 123 204 259 261 266 268 268 271 389 214 195 SHASingapore 248 58 103 225 249 202 215 203 41 54 184 188 242 246 247 196 250 369 193 174 75 SINSydney 236 165 201 232 237 209 204 305 143 155 172 290 230 234 245 298 242 357 201 182 172 107 SYDTokyo 175 134 127 160 176 135 150 263 59 124 117 246 169 173 174 254 177 296 127 107 98 76 174 TOKToronto2523528514244157106221226758883541597191646865257236244164TORORACLE DATA SHEETDC A 56 39 100 232 221 68 83 66 32 9 91 6 157 83 78 269 249 237 176D E N 18 140 186 248 43 122 51 53 53 131 56 168 36 32 223 202 209 135F R A 237 164 161 20 159 129 92 12 96 239 164 161 274 203 305 263S A O 198 194 389 369 357 296S I N 107 76Denver257 250Frankfurt166301135Sao P aulo 374 416 161 352 364 185 223 183 129 158 231 162 Singapore581032154154184188242246247196250193 174 75Peace of MindCloud ServicesLet us do the work with centrally-hosted managed services.• Lower total cost of ownership• Fast resolutions to less frequent issuesSupport When You Need ItWe are committed to ensuring that your business needs are met as quickly and efficiently as possible.• Phone and Internet-based customer support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week• We provide both on-site and remote support, training, andservicesVisit Our Internet Self Service or Call (866) 287-4736 (US/CAN)。
oracle位运算函数
oracle位运算函数摘要:1.Oracle 位运算函数概述2.Oracle 位运算函数分类3.Oracle 位运算函数示例正文:【1.Oracle 位运算函数概述】Oracle 是一种广泛使用的关系型数据库管理系统,它提供了丰富的函数来支持各种计算需求。
在Oracle 中,位运算函数是一种对二进制数进行操作的函数,可以实现对二进制数的按位操作,从而为用户提供更为灵活的处理方式。
位运算函数在Oracle 中具有重要地位,对于处理某些特定问题有着重要的作用。
【2.Oracle 位运算函数分类】Oracle 中的位运算函数主要可以分为以下几类:1.按位与(AND):实现两个二进制数的按位与操作。
2.按位或(OR):实现两个二进制数的按位或操作。
3.按位异或(XOR):实现两个二进制数的按位异或操作。
4.按位非(NOT):实现对一个二进制数的按位非操作。
5.左移位:实现对一个二进制数的左移位操作。
6.右移位:实现对一个二进制数的右移位操作。
7.位反转:实现对一个二进制数的位反转操作。
【3.Oracle 位运算函数示例】下面我们通过一些示例来说明Oracle 位运算函数的使用:示例1:使用按位与(AND)函数假设有一个二进制数1101,我们想要得到它与二进制数1010 的按位与结果。
在Oracle 中,我们可以使用按位与(AND)函数:```SELECT AND(1101, 1010) FROM DUAL;```执行结果为1000,即1101 与1010 的按位与结果。
示例2:使用按位或(OR)函数假设有一个二进制数1101,我们想要得到它与二进制数1010 的按位或结果。
在Oracle 中,我们可以使用按位或(OR)函数:```SELECT OR(1101, 1010) FROM DUAL;```执行结果为1111,即1101 与1010 的按位或结果。
示例3:使用按位异或(XOR)函数假设有一个二进制数1101,我们想要得到它与二进制数1010 的按位异或结果。
oracle除法运算
oracle除法运算(实用版)目录1.Oracle 简介2.Oracle 除法运算的实现方法3.Oracle 除法运算的优点和局限性4.结论正文1.Oracle 简介Oracle 是一种广泛使用的关系型数据库管理系统,它以其高效、稳定和安全著称。
Oracle 数据库可以存储和管理大量数据,并提供丰富的数据处理功能,如查询、插入、更新和删除等。
在 Oracle 数据库中,除法运算是一个常见的操作,但它并不是直接通过 SQL 语句实现的。
2.Oracle 除法运算的实现方法在 Oracle 数据库中,除法运算通常通过自定义函数或存储过程实现。
自定义函数是一种可重用的代码块,用于执行特定任务。
在 Oracle 数据库中,可以使用 PL/SQL 语言编写自定义函数来实现除法运算。
以下是一个使用PL/SQL编写的简单除法运算函数示例:```CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION divide(p IN NUMBER, d IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER ISBEGINIF d = 0 THENRAISE NO_DATA_FOUND;END IF;RETURN p / d;END;```在使用自定义函数进行除法运算时,需要将其名称和参数传递给函数,如下所示:```SELECT divide(10, 2) FROM DUAL;```3.Oracle 除法运算的优点和局限性Oracle 除法运算的优点包括:- 高效:Oracle 数据库可以利用底层硬件资源,实现高效的除法运算。
- 安全:通过使用自定义函数或存储过程,可以确保除法运算的安全性,避免 SQL 注入等安全风险。
- 可定制:可以根据具体需求编写自定义函数,实现更复杂的除法运算。
然而,Oracle 除法运算也存在局限性:- 不易维护:与直接使用 SQL 语句相比,自定义函数或存储过程的维护成本较高。
- 可读性较差:使用 PL/SQL 编写的自定义函数或存储过程的可读性较差,可能导致代码难以理解和维护。
oracle 循环方法
oracle 循环方法Oracle循环方法是数据库编程中不可或缺的一部分,它可以帮助开发者高效地处理大量数据。
本文将介绍三种常见的Oracle循环方法,并对比它们的优缺点。
通过实战案例演示,帮助读者更好地理解和应用这些循环方法。
1.Oracle循环方法简介在Oracle数据库中,循环方法主要用于处理重复性操作,如遍历表记录、计算累加和等。
循环可以通过PL/SQL、JavaScript或者数据库函数来实现。
2.三种常见的Oracle循环方法a.使用PL/SQL循环PL/SQL(Procedural Language/Structured Query Language)是Oracle数据库中的一种过程式编程语言,可以用来编写存储过程、触发器等。
在PL/SQL中,可以使用FOR循环、WHILE循环等结构进行循环操作。
示例:```DECLAREv_counter NUMBER := 1;v_record_count NUMBER;BEGIN-- 获取表记录数SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_record_count FROM your_table;-- 使用FOR循环遍历表记录FOR i IN 1..v_record_count LOOP-- 处理每条记录的代码DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Record " || i || ": " ||your_column_value);END LOOP;END;/```b.使用JavaScript循环在Oracle数据库中,可以使用JavaScript编写存储过程和触发器。
JavaScript中的循环结构与PL/SQL类似,可以使用FOR循环、WHILE循环等。
示例:```javascriptDECLAREv_counter NUMBER := 1;v_record_count NUMBER;BEGIN-- 获取表记录数SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_record_count FROM your_table;-- 使用FOR循环遍历表记录FOR i IN 1..v_record_count LOOP-- 处理每条记录的代码UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_RAW("Record " || i || ": " ||your_column_value || "") INTO v_raw_output;DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_RAW(v_raw_output);END LOOP;END;/```c.使用数据库函数实现循环Oracle数据库提供了许多内置函数,可以方便地实现循环操作。
oracle pivot用法
oracle pivot用法Title: Oracle Pivot UsageTitle: Oracle Pivot 用法Introduction:The Oracle Pivot feature is a powerful tool that allows users to manipulate and analyze data in a flexible manner.By transforming rows into columns, users can easily summarize, aggregate, and filter data based on various criteria.介绍:Oracle Pivot 功能是一个强大的工具,可允许用户以灵活的方式操作和分析数据。
通过将行转换为列,用户可以轻松地根据各种标准汇总、聚集和筛选数据。
Key Components:To effectively use Oracle Pivot, it is important to understand its key components.These include the pivot table, rows, columns, and values.The pivot table serves as the main interface for data manipulation, while rows, columns, and values define the structure and content of the pivot table.关键组成部分:为了有效地使用Oracle Pivot,了解其关键组成部分非常重要。
这些包括透视表、行、列和值。
透视表是数据操作的主要界面,而行、列和值定义了透视表的结构和内容。
Creating a Pivot Table:To create a pivot table in Oracle, users can use the PIVOT operator.This operator allows users to specify the columns, rows, and values for the pivot table.Additionally, users can apply various functions such as SUM, COUNT, AVG, etc., to calculate aggregated values.创建透视表:在Oracle 中,用户可以使用PIVOT 运算符创建透视表。
oracle除法运算
oracle除法运算(原创版)目录1.Oracle 简介2.Oracle 中的除法运算3.Oracle 除法运算的实现方式4.Oracle 除法运算的优点和局限性5.总结正文1.Oracle 简介Oracle 是一家全球知名的软件公司,以研发和生产关系数据库管理系统(RDBMS)而闻名。
Oracle 数据库系统广泛应用于各个行业,为全球数百万家企业提供了高效的数据管理解决方案。
Oracle 数据库中包含了丰富的数据处理功能,其中就包括了除法运算。
2.Oracle 中的除法运算在 Oracle 中,除法运算是一种基本的数学运算,它可以在 SELECT 语句、INSERT 语句等各种数据处理语句中使用。
在 Oracle 中,除法运算符为“/”,使用方法与其他数学运算符类似。
例如,我们可以使用以下语句进行除法运算:```SELECT 2 / 1 FROM DUAL;```3.Oracle 除法运算的实现方式Oracle 中的除法运算是通过底层的数值计算库实现的。
在 Oracle数据库系统中,除法运算与其他数学运算(如加法、减法、乘法等)一样,都是通过 CPU 进行计算的。
这意味着除法运算的性能受到 CPU 性能的影响。
为了提高除法运算的性能,Oracle 数据库提供了一些优化技术,如动态优化、成本估算等。
4.Oracle 除法运算的优点和局限性Oracle 除法运算具有以下优点:- 功能强大:Oracle 数据库中的除法运算功能可以满足各种复杂的数据处理需求。
- 高效稳定:Oracle 数据库系统底层的数值计算库可以保证除法运算的高效性和稳定性。
- 易于使用:除法运算的使用方法简单,与其他数学运算符类似,便于开发者进行操作。
然而,Oracle 除法运算也存在一些局限性:- 计算性能受限:由于除法运算是通过 CPU 进行计算的,其性能受到 CPU 性能的影响,可能导致计算速度较慢。
- 精度限制:Oracle 数据库中的数值计算存在精度限制,对于大规模的除法运算,可能会出现精度损失的问题。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
End If Try Fra mandText = strSQL
objda.Fill(ds, "Table")
Catch ex As Exception
End Try
End Function
Public Sub CloseConnection()
objconn.Close()
End Sub
'return a dataset by execute sql query
Return True
Catch ex As Exception
Return False
Finally
End Try
End Function
'return a sql reader by executing sql query
objconn.Open()
End If
Dim myTrans As OracleTransaction
' Start a local transaction
myTrans = objconn.BeginTransaction(IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted)
objconn.Open()
End If
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet
Try
mandText = strSQL
objda.Fill(ds, strTableName)
Return True
Catch ex As Exception
Console.WriteLine("Connect to database failed! with Connection String is " + ConnString + " " + ex.Message)
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.OracleClient
Imports System.AppDomain
Public Class clsDBProcessOracle
Public objconn As OracleConnection
Catch e As Exception
myTrans.Rollback()
objconn.Close()
Return False
End Try
End Function
End Class
End Try
Return iCount
End Function
Public Function ExecuteSQLTrans(ByVal strSQL() As String) As Boolean
If objconn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
Public Overloads Function FillDataSet(ByVal strSQL As String, ByVal strTableName As String) As DataSet
If objconn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
Public Function ExecuteSQLReader(ByVal strSQL As String) As OracleDataReader
Dim result As OracleDataReader
If objconn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
Public Overloads Function FillDataSet(ByVal strSQL As String) As DataSet
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet
If objconn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
' Assign transaction object for a pending local transaction
objcmd.Transaction = myTrans
Try
For Each strCmd As String In strSQL
objcmd = New OracleCommand
objda = New OracleDataAdapter(objcmd)
objcmd.Connection = objconn
Try
objconn.Open()
mandText = strCmd
objcmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
Next
mit()
Return False
Catch ex As Exception
Return Nothing
End Try
Return ds
End Function
' execute sql return
Public Overloads Function ExecuteSQL(ByVal strSQL As String) As Boolean
'Dim strConnString As String = "server=hkgfpkt03; database=ELP; user id=sa; password=; Connect Timeout=15"
objconn = New OracleConnection(ConnString)
objconn.Open()
End If
mandText = strSQL
Try
result = objcmd.ExecuteReader
Catch ex As Exception
Get
ConnString = strConnString
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
strConnString = value
End Set
Public objda As OracleDataAdapter
Public objcmd As OracleCommand
Private strConnString As String
Public Property ConnString() As String
Return Nothing
End Try
Return result
End Function
'return short number to count records in table
Public Function ExecuteSQLScalar(ByVal strSQL As String) As Short
objconn.Dispose()
objcmd.Dispose()
objda.Dispose()
Return True
Catch ex As Exception
Return False
If objconn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
objconn.Open()
End If
mandText = strSQL
Dim iCount As Short = 0
End Property
Public Function DBOpen() As Boolean
'Dim strConnString As String = "Data Source=FTRDEV;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=TRADEIN1;Password=TRADEIN1;Load Balance Timeout=1000"
Try
iCount = Int(objcmd.ExecuteScalar)
Catch ex As Exception
objconn.Close()
Return 0
Finally
Return Nothing
End Try
Return ds
End Function
'return a dataset that create table by table name and by execute sql query
Return False
End Try
End Function
'Close database
Public Function Dispose() As Boolean
Try
objconn.Close()
If objconn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
objconn.Open()
End If
mandText = strSQL
Try
objcmd.ExecuteNonQuery()