浙江大学2012植物学甲课件 第05次课2008ppt第35到70页

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单子叶植物平行脉纵面观
维管束鞘 薄壁细胞
维管组织 叶肉细胞
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C4 plants --- Kranz Anatomy
C4植物的花环结构
Bundle sheath cells are large. Rich in chloroplasts & other organelles. 维管束鞘大，富含叶绿体和其它细胞器。 Leaf section of amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus), a C4 plant exhibiting Kranz (wreath) anatomy.
一种苋科植物
玉米
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Grass leaf with Kranz anatomy --- C4 plant 有花环结构的禾草
Two bundle sheaths Outer one is parenchymatous; inner is a mestome sheath
2层维管束鞘， 外层薄壁的， 内层厚壁鞘状 的。
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1. Sun & Shade Leaves 阳生叶 与阴生叶 Shade leaves are thinner than sun leaves. Have poorly developed palisade mesophyll. Light intensity is an important ecological factor affecting leaf anatomy. One is taken from a shade leaf which is thin and has a many spongy mesophyll The another leaf under sun shows a much more developed palisade 20 mesophyll
Grama-grass (Bouteloua breviseta) 13 垂穗草 （莎草科）
Sugar cane， C4 plant --- Single bundle sheath 甘蔗, C4植物 ---单层维管束鞘 Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), a C4 plant. The bundle sheath cells (wreath) are smaller and more numerous. Bundle sheaths consist of one layer of parenchyma cells. C4植物，具一层花环型维管束鞘细胞
缺外被层，气孔，厚壁细胞
ater milfoil (Myriophyllum sp.). 一种蓍草
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Bifacial floating leaf in Potamogeton 眼子菜属的两面浮水叶 Stomata are on upper surface. Air spaces in spongy mesophyll provide buoyancy .
saltbush (Atriplex sp.) leaf, a xerophytic plant. 旱生植物滨藜
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Xeromorphic Gymnosperm Leaves 裸子植物旱生叶 Compact homogeneous mesophyll. Two vascular bundles enclosed in transfusion tissue (输导组织）. Resin ducts (树脂道）emerged in mesophyll
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(4)-1 Unifacial leaf of a non-grassy monocot: Iris 非禾草单子叶植物的等面叶结构：鸢尾属 Has similar tissue organization at both surfaces with a row of vascular bundles under each epidermis. 叶两面组织相同，有一排维管束在表皮下，很特殊。
With two layers of Bundle Sheath. 有2层维管束鞘， 叶绿体少而小。
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Section through midrib of a leaf of bluegrass (Poa pratensis), a C3 plant. C3植物，一种早熟禾叶通过中 脉的横切面
Bulliform cells collapse & enable folding of lamina.
Poa annua 早熟禾
C3 Plant
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水稻，Oryza sativa
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(3) Vein and C3 & C4 Plants 叶脉及C3、C4植物 平行脉，有限维管束，但有特殊的维管束鞘
Typical leaf of a C3 grass No palisade mesophyll; small bundle sheath cells with a few chloroplasts.
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(4)-3 leaf of a non-grassy monocot: Yucca 非禾草单子叶植物叶的结构：丝兰属
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(4)-4 leaf of a non-grassy monocot: Dracaena 非禾草单子叶植物叶的结构：龙血树属
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Ecological type of leaves （四）叶的生态类型
秋天： 离区出现， 胞间层溶解何黏液化， 断裂处细胞栓化，离层形成。
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Function of Leaves （六）叶的功能：
A. 光合作用 B. 蒸腾作用 C. 吸收、繁殖
苔藓与蕨类植物叶 结构一节自学。
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(1) Upper and lower epidermis 上下表皮 与双子叶植物不同，有长短细胞之分，并有特殊的泡状细胞 （bulliform cell); 短细胞又分硅细胞和栓细胞。气孔器保卫 细胞呈哑铃型，两面均有分布。
4.长细胞 5. 气孔器
4.泡状细胞;
1.栓细胞; 2.硅细胞; 3.刺毛;
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Xeromorphic leaves of a non-grassy monocot 非禾本科植物旱生叶 With massive columns of fibers, Lysigenous central air cavities in New Zealand hemp (Phormium tenax) leaf. 在新西兰麻叶中，可见大量柱状的纤维，和融生的气室。
1 = an epidermal papilla, 表皮乳突 2 = sclerenchyma, 厚壁 3 = phloem, 4 = xylem, 5 = lysigenous slime cavity, 熔生的粘液腔 6 = homogeneous mesophyll 同形的叶肉 15
(4)-2 leaf of a non-grassy monocot: Palm 非禾草单子叶植物叶的结构：棕榈属 Cross-section of a petiole of the palm stained to show its numerous vascular bundles. This leaf is very large and must have a massive conduction system.
气孔在上表面
气室提供浮力
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Unifacial submerged leaf in Potamogeton 眼子菜属的单面沉水叶 No stomata present Mesophyll one-layered
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cross-sectioned leaf of tape grass (Vallisneria sp.), a submerged monocot.
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Modified leaves --- adaption to environment Dinteranthus 石头植物
Senecio rotundifolia 圆叶千里光
Lithops, stone plant 石头植物
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Abscission of leaves and deciduous tree （五）叶的离层和落叶树
very thick cutin 厚的角质层
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Diagram of leaf with Kranz anatomy Wreath of enlarged bundle sheath cells Mesophyll cells radially arranged Water-storage tissue in this xerophyte
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3. Structure of leaf blade in Monocots 单子叶植物叶片结构
Blade structure is also composed of upper and lower epidermis, mesophyll and vein.
Homogenous mesophyll, large intercellular spaces, moderate sclerenchyma. 相同的叶肉细胞， 较大的细胞间隙， 适度的厚壁细胞
典型C3植物， 无栅栏组织，维 管束鞘细胞小， 含叶绿体少
3 = bundle sheath, 7 = minor vein, 10 = nonglandular hairs, 11 = stoma 8
Brome-Grass， 雀麦草的中脉
Lateral vein of Triticum (C3 Plant) 小麦（C3植物）叶的侧脉
very thick cutin 厚的角质层
(Pinus sylvestris) 24 松树
3. Hydromorphic Leaves & Water Storage 水生植物的叶以及通气结构