经济学原理ch02

CHAPTER 2
1. A simplifying assumption
a.affects the important conclusions of an economic model.
b.increases the level of detail in an economic model.
c.limits the validity of an economic model’s conclusion.
d.eliminates unnecessary details from an economic model.
2. The ultimate purpose of an economic model is to
a.explain reality as completely as possible.
b.establish assumptions that closely resemble reality.
c.help us to understand economic behavior.
d.guide government policy decisions.
3. An economic model
es equations to understand normative economic phenomena.
b.often omits crucial elements.
c.simplifies reality in order to focus on crucial elements.
d.cannot be proven wrong.
4. Which of the following activities would occur in a market for factors of production?
a.Reesa buys a new computer to help balance her personal checkbook.
b.Randy pays a speeding ticket.
c.Ian mows his grass.
d.General Motors hires additional workers to run a third-shift at a factory.
5. Which of the following activities would occur in a market for goods and services?
a.Harry mows his grass.
b.General Motors hires additional workers to run a third shift at a factory.
c.Jane bakes pies for Thanksgiving dinner.
d.Dolly buys a ticket to a ball gam
e.
6. The three sources of income for the household are
a.taxes, subsidies from the government, and rent.
b.wages, rent, and profit.
c.wages, rent, and subsidies from the government.
d.wages, rebates, and rent.
7. Households play what role(s) in the circular flow diagram?
a.purchasers of factors of production and sellers of services.
b.purchasers of factors of production and sellers of goods.
c.purchasers of goods and services only.
d.purchasers of goods and services and sellers of factors of production.
8. Which of the following is not an assumption that underlies an economy’s productio n possibilities frontier?
a.fixed income.
b.fixed resources.
c.unchanged technology.
d.fully employed resources.
9. Which of the following would not result in an outward shift of a nation’s production possibilities frontier?
a. a reduction in the unemployment rate.
b. a rise in labor productivity.
c.advances in technology.
d.an expanding resource bas
e.
10. The production possibilities frontier demonstrates the basic economic principle that
a.economies are always efficient.
b.assuming full employment, supply will always determine demand.
c.assuming full employment, an economy is efficient only when the production
of capital goods in a particular year is greater than the production of
consumption goods in that year.
d.assuming full employment, to produce more of any one thing, the economy
must produce less of at least one other good.
11. Suppose an economy has the production possibilities frontier shown in the diagram and is operating at position A. Which of the statements below is false?
a.This economy could produce more of both capital and consumption goods.
b.This economy is experiencing full employment.
c.This economy could produce more capital goods without decreasing the
quantity of consumption goods produced.
d.This economy could produce more consumption goods without decreasing the
quantity of capital goods produced.
OBJECTIVE: 3 RANDOM: Y
12. Opportunity costs most often increase as you move down a production possibilities frontier because
a.resources are not completely adaptable to alternative uses.
b.factors of production are limited and human wants are unlimited.
c.efficiencies are generated by large-scale production.
d.economic efficiency is only possible in the short run.
13. All points on a production possibilities frontier show the
a.maximum satisfaction that households receive from their purchases of goods.
b.minimum quantities of resources that must be used to produce a given
quantity of output.
c.maximum output that society can produce with given resources and
technology.
d.minimum output that society can produce with given resources and
technology.
14. The branch of economics that is concerned with the overall performance of the economy is called
a.resource economics.
b.contemporary economics.
c.macroeconomics.
d.microeconomics.
15. Which of the following questions would not be of particular interest to a microeconomist?
a.Why do national economies grow?
b.What percentage of consumer income is spent on entertainment?
c.Why do workers refer the 4-day workweek?
d.What happens to worker productivity when the job shifts to a 4-day workweek?
16. The television network newscaster reports that the national inflation rate in the past year equaled 4 percent. This report is most likely prepared from work done by a(n)
a.microeconomist.
b.normative economist.
c.macroeconomist.
d.social scientist rather than an economist.
17. The Secretary of Labor states that wage rates in the country have risen by 2 percent this past year. The head of a local labor union states that wage gains should have been higher. The Secretary’s statement is a _________________ economic stateme nt, and the labor head’s statement is a __________________economic statement.
a.normative; normative
b.normative; positive
c.positive; normative
d.positive; positive
18. “An increase in interest rates will lower economic growth.” This statement is
a. a positive economic statement.
b. a normative economic statement.
c.untrue in every case.
d.controversial, and so not a valid economic issu
e.
19. The distinction between positive and normative economics
a.is that positive economics applies only to microeconomic problems.
b.is that normative economics applies only to microeconomic problems.
c.explains why economics is not a social science but a natural science.
d.helps us to understand why economists sometimes disagree with one another.
20. Which of the following is most closely associated with positive economics?
a.Determining the impact of government spending on the actual level of total
employment.
b.Determining the best level of immigration into a country.
c.Determining whether too many luxury goods are being produce
d.
d.Determining whether or not the government should reduce poverty.
21. In the diagram, the slope of the curve is
a.increasing at a constant rate.
b.increasing at a decreasing rate.
c.decreasing at a constant rate.
d.decreasing at an increasing rat
e.。