American Mosaic - 'YouTube
American Mosaic
Richard Williams is a member of the last family to live at Oatlands. His family still owns property next to the home. And they are involved in planting the trees.
AMERICAN MOSAIC：The American Civil War，Who Should Memorials Honor(2013-03-08)
Welcome to AMERICAN MOSAIC.
I’m June Simms.
On the show today, we hear music from some of the performers at the South by Southwest music festival in Austin, Texas.
Beth Erickson is with Journey through Hallowed Ground.
“As you see these trees, one after another, it will truly make an impact.”
The first trees were planted in November on the grounds of a large, old Virginia home and farm called Oatlands. An historic trust now owns the former plantation. Andrea McGimsey is the Executive Director of Oatlands. She says the former plantation was a good place to start.
高中英语 第二部分 VOA慢速英语《美国万花筒》第19课（文本）素材
高中英语第二部分 VOA慢速英语《美国万花筒》第19课（文本）素材英语翻议讲解：1.curator n.管理者,管理人,图书馆馆长例句：The curator conducted us round the museum. 馆长带领我们在博物馆各处参观。
Our curator is an expert on the research of bronzeware. 我们馆长是研究青铜器的专家。
2.unusual adj.罕有的, 异乎寻常的例句：It was an unusual day for summer, damp and chilly. 这是夏季少有的一天, 又湿又凉。
The boy's unusual behaviour puzzled the doctor. 这男孩的异常行为使医生困惑不解。
3.album n.（唱片或盒式磁带等上的）音乐专辑，歌曲专辑；歌集唱片，唱片例句：Will you look over his album? 你要不要去看看他的歌集唱片?4.fame n.名声, 名望例句：Her chief fame rests on her several films. 她的名声主要来自她的几部影片。
She is a woman of ill fame. 她是个名声不好的女人。
5.alternative adj.两者择一的, 供替代的例句：We returned by the alternative road. 我们从另一条路回来的。
不寻常的, 非传统性的例句：These are alternative medicine. 这些是非传统性药物。
6.beneath prep.在…的下方, 在…的底下例句：They sheltered beneath their umbrellas. 他们躲到了伞下。
1.He said studying this jewel will help scientists learn more about diamonds in general.in general一般而言, 总的来说, 从总体上看例句：The class are, in general, very bright. 总的说来, 这个班级的学生都很聪明。
Web发展历史
Web发展历史Web发展历史可以追溯到1960年代，但以下是一些关键的里程碑，展示了Web是如何发展成今天的形式：1. 1960年代：万维网的前身- 1962年，美国计算机科学家J.C.R. Licklider提出了一个名为"Galactic Network"的概念，该概念旨在连接全球的计算机，使其能够共享信息。
- 1969年，美国国防部的高级研究计划局（ARPA）建立了第一个分组交换网络ARPANET，为大规模计算机间的通信提供了基础。
2. 1970年代：电子邮件和TCP/IP协议的出现- 1971年，美国计算机工程师Ray Tomlinson发明了电子邮件系统，使得用户能够在不同计算机之间发送消息。
- 1974年，由美国国防部支持的国际互联网协议（TCP/IP）被开发出来，成为互联网通信的基础。
3. 1980年代：出现域名和万维网概念-1983年，域名系统（DNS）被引入，用于将易记的域名映射到IP地址，简化了互联网的寻址。
- 1989年，英国计算机科学家蒂姆·伯纳斯-李（Tim Berners-Lee）提出了万维网（World Wide Web）的概念，这是一个通过超链接连接文档和资源的系统。
4. 1990年代：万维网的广泛应用和商业化- 1991年，伯纳斯-李发布了第一个Web服务器和Web浏览器，并制定了HTML（超文本标记语言）作为Web页面的标准格式。
-1993年，Web浏览器Mosaic的发布引发了Web的爆炸性增长，并推动了商业化的发展。
- 1994年，万维网联盟（W3C）成立，旨在推动Web技术的标准化和发展。
- 1995年，互联网公司Netscape推出了首个商业化的Web浏览器Netscape Navigator。
5. 2000年代：Web 2.0和社交媒体的崛起- 2000年，Web 2.0的概念出现，强调用户生成的内容、社交媒体和互动性。
AMERICAN MOSAIC
AMERICAN MOSAIC - November 23, 2001HOST:Welcome to AMERICAN MOSAIC — VOA’s radio magazine in Special English. This isDoug Johnson. On our program today:We play some award-winning country music ...answer a question about Muslims in the United States ...Lee Ann Womackand report about a historic museum in the southeastern state of North Carolina.Wright Brothers MuseumHOST:Americans Orville and Wilbur Wright will always be remembered in history as the inventors of modern flight. They made the world’s first flight in a machine that was heavier than air and powered by an engine. Shep O’Neal tells us more about the brothers and a memorial that honors their success.ANNCR:The Wright brothers did most of their research and test flights on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. It was a place with strong winds, hills from which to launch their flying machines and a soft place to land.Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first controlled powered flight in history on December Seventeenth, Nineteen-Oh-Three. They carried out four tests in their first airplane they called the Wright Flyer. The first flight traveled thirty-seven meters and lasted twelve seconds. The longest and most historic test flight flew two-hundred-sixty meters and lasted fifty-nine seconds.Visitors to the Outer Banks in North Carolina can see a memorial to the Wright brothers. It is built on the same fields where they did their research. An eighteen-meter high rock memorial was completed in Nineteen-Thirty-Two. It sits on top of Kill Devil Hill. The brothers used this sand hill for more than one-thousand test flights.Two other buildings near Kill Devil Hill show how the Wright brothers lived while doing their research. One building shows where they ate, slept, and built test equipment. The other is similar to the place where they kept their flying machines.A large rock near the memorial marks where the Wright Flyer first left the ground. Numbered signs show the landing points for the first four historic test flights. Following those tests, the Wright Flyer was damaged by the wind. It never flew again. However, a model of the plane is in the visitors center at Kill Devil Hill. Today, the real Nineteen-Oh-Three Wright Flyer belongs to the Smithsonian Institution. It is hanging in the Air and Space Museum in Washington, D-C.Islam in the United StatesHOST:Our VOA listener question this week comes from Indonesia. Suherman Rosyidi asks about Islam and Muslims in the United States.There are more than one-thousand-million people around the world who are Muslims. They practice the religion Islam. About six-million Muslims live in the United States. Only about one in five Muslims in the world are Arabs.Yet some people from the Middle East are having a difficult time in the United States since the terrorist attacks September eleventh. The men responsible for the attacks were Arab. They were part of the Muslim al-Qaeda group led by Osama bin Laden. He is Muslim and has declared a holy war against the United States and the West.Some Americans believed that all Muslims agreed with what the terrorists did. Because of this, many Muslims and other people from the Middle East have said they are being treated unfairly in the United States. For example, the newspaper USA Today reported that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission received about seventy charges by Muslim workers. The commission says forty of those charges involve workers saying they were wrongly dismissed from their jobs. Some workers say the reason they are being treated this way is because of their religion or nationality.After the terrorist attacks, President Bush told Americans not to blame all Muslim people for the acts of a few. He said the United States-led war in Afghanistan is against terrorism, not Islam. However, the United States government has begun to use unusual measures to find and stop future terrorists.Last week, the State Department said it will carry out increased investigations of Arab and Muslim men seeking permission to come to the United States. The Justice Department said it will question more than five-thousand young men. The young men are in the United States as visitors from countries where terrorist groups are active.Civil rights groups and groups representing Arab-Americans have expressed concern about this. They want to make sure that people are not treated differently because of their religion or nationality.However, not all Muslims in America have reported unfair treatment since the September attacks. Some say the tragedy has given them a chance to educate other Americans about their religion. And they are able to show that Islam does not agree with what the terrorists did.Country Music Association AwardsHOST:The Country Music Association held its yearly awards ceremony earlier this month at the Grand Ole Opry House in Nashville, Tennessee. Shirley Griffith plays music by some of the award winners.ANNCR:The Country Music Association honored Lee Ann Womack with her first Female Singer of the Year Award. Mizz Womack was emotional as she thanked the crowd at the Grand Ole Opry. She told them she thought her chance for the award had passed. Here is Lee Ann Womack singing “Thinkin’ With My Heart Again.”((CUT ONE: "THINKIN' WITH MY HEART AGAIN"))The Country Music Association presented songwriters Larry Cordle and Larry Shell with the award for Song of the Year. Their winning song criticizes the music industry. It says producers are destroying the traditions of country music. Larry Cordle and his band Lonesome Standard Time perform “Murder on Music Row.”(CUT TWO: "MURDER ON MUSIC ROW"))A collection of music from the movie “O Brother, Where Art Thou?” won Album of the Year. The movie takes place in the United States during the Nineteen-Thirties. It includes traditional country songs by several performers. The awards also honored The Soggy Bottom Boys, a group of musicians in the movie. We leave you now with their performance of the song that was named Single of the Year, “I Am a Man of Constant Sorrow”. ((CUT THREE: "I AM A MAN OF CONSTANT SORROW"))HOST:This is Doug Johnson. I hope you enjoyed our program today. And I hope you will join us again next week for AMERICAN MOSAIC —VOA’s radio magazine in Special English.This AMERICAN MOSAIC program was written by Jill Moss, Nancy Steinbach and Caty Weaver. Our studio engineer was Tom Verba. And our producer was Paul Thompson.Email this article to a friendPrinter Friendly Version。
科技界50大幻想家排行榜
科技界50大幻想家排行榜据媒体报道，PC World网站日前评出了科技界50大幻想家，结果比尔·盖茨、乔布斯、杨致远，以及Google两位联合创始人纷纷上榜。
没有这50个人的想象和不懈努力，今天我们所使用的很多产品或服务根本不复存在，其中包括互联网、电子邮件、浏览器和鼠标等等。
以下为PC World评出的科技界50大幻想家：1. Jack Kilby和Robert Noyce-发明集成电路2. 塞吉·布林和拉里·佩奇-创立Google3. 比尔·盖茨-创立微软4.史蒂夫·乔布斯-创立苹果公司5. Tim Berners-Lee-万维网发明人6. 雷·汤姆林森-电子邮件之父7. Douglas Engelbart-鼠标发明者8. Bill Hewlett和David Packard-创立惠普公司9. 宫本茂(Shigeru Miyamoto)-超级马里奥之父10. 肖恩·范宁(Shawn Fanning)-音乐共享网站Napster创始人11. 戈登·摩尔(Gordon Moore)-摩尔定律发明者12. 比尔·阿特金森（Bill Atkinson）-Macintosh界面设计者13. Steve Case-AOL创始人之一14. 马蒂·库珀(Martin Cooper)-手机发明者15. 诺兰.布什内尔(Nolan Bushnell)-世界上第一台商用投币式游戏机(街机）发明者16. 文顿·瑟夫(Vint Cerf)-互联网之父17.唐·埃斯特利奇(Don Estridge)-IBM PC之父18. 迈克尔·戴尔(Michael Dell)-戴尔公司创始人19. 阿伦·凯(Alan Kay)-面向对象编程环境语言的发明人之一20. 马克·安德森(Marc Andreessen)-开发出全球第一款因特网浏览器Mosaic21. 李纳斯·托沃兹(Linus Torvalds)-Linux之父22. 查克·沙克(Chuck Thacker)-以太局域网的发明者之一23.罗伯特·梅特卡夫(Bob Metcalfe)-以太网之父24. Vic Hayes -Wi-Fi之父25. 丹·布莱克林(Dan Bricklin)和鲍勃·弗兰克斯顿(Bob Frankston)-开发出全球第一款电子制表软件VisiCalc26. 格蕾丝·穆雷·赫柏(Grace Murray Hopper)-发明了全世界第一套编辑器“A-0”27. 杰夫·霍金斯(Jeff Hawkins)-Palm发明人28. Fujio Masuoka -闪存发明者29. Jonathan Ive -苹果公司高级设计师30. Jeff Bezos -亚马逊创始人31. 梅格·惠特(Meg Whitman) -前eBay CEO32. 比尔·乔伊(Bill Joy) -Sun创始人之一33. Al Shugart -希捷创始人34. 卡尔海因茨·勃兰登堡(Karlheinz Brandenburg) 和James D. Johnston -MP3音频压缩标准创始人35. Ann Winblad-Hummer Winblad Venture Partners公司联合创始人36. 查尔斯·西蒙尼(Charles Simonyi) -发明了第一个文字处理软件Bravo37. Thomas Penfield Jackson -曾判决将微软一分为二的地方法院法官38. 杨致远和大卫·费罗-雅虎创始人39.彼得·诺顿(Peter Norton)-开发出第一款有影响力的PC数据恢复软件Norton Utilities40. 菲利普·齐默尔曼（Phil Zimmermann） -电子邮件加密软件PGP的创立者41. Jon Postel -IANA(互联网编号分配机构)创始人42. Alan Emtage、Bill Heelan和Mike Parker-联合开发出第一款搜索引擎Archie43.崔普·霍金斯(Trip Hawkins) -创立电子艺界（EA）44. 阿丽安娜·哈芬顿(Arianna Huffington) -创立在线项目Huffington Post45. Susan Kare -Macintosh 1.0发明者之一46. Sir Arthur C. Clarke -著名作家47. Herbie Hancock -音乐家48. 威廉·吉布森(William Gibson) -科幻小说家49. 加里·基尔代尔(Gary Kildall) -领导开发了PC机早期软件CP/M 86、DRDOS和GEM 操作系统50. Udi Manber -Google工程事务副总裁PCWorld：互联网史上最具影响力的50个人也许《时代周刊》把“你”评选为了年度风云人物，然而，这个“你”并不是互联网上最有权势或者最有影响力的人。
脸谱网身陷_隐私门_英文_
College English2012.03笤环球展望笤Facebook and Privacy脸谱网身陷“隐私门”刘颖/选注he giant social network is castigated 1for serious priva -cy failings.Facebook has been playing with fire 2and has got itsfingers burned,again.On November 29th America ’s Federal Trade Commission 3(FTC)announced that it had reached a draft settlement with the giant social network over allegations 4that it had misled people about its use of their personal data.The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook,which boasts over 800m users,betrayed its users ’trust.It isalso notable because it appears to be part of a broader attempt by the FTC to craft 5a newprivacy framework 6to deal with the swift rise of social networks in America.The regulator ’s findings come at a sensitive time for Facebook,which is said to be preparing for an ini -tial public offering 7next year that could value it at around $100billion.To clear the way for its block -buster flotation,the firm first needs to resolve its pri -vacy tussles with regulators in America and Europe.8Hence its willingness to negotiate the settlement un -veiled 9this week,which should be finalised 10at the end of December after a period for public comment.Announcing the agreement,the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive 11,and violat -ed 12federal law ”.For instance,it passed on personally identifiable 13information to advertisers,even though it said it would not do so.And it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deactivated andTNotes:1.castigate [＇k覸stigeit ]严厉批评，谴责。
有关美国人的英语作文
When it comes to writing an essay about Americans, its important to consider the diverse aspects of American culture, history, and society. Heres a sample essay that touches on these themes:The American Mosaic: A Nation of DiversityAmerica, often referred to as the melting pot of the world, is a nation built on the principles of freedom, democracy, and the pursuit of happiness. The United States is a vast tapestry woven from the threads of various cultures, ethnicities, and backgrounds, creating a unique and vibrant society.Historical Roots of DiversityThe story of America begins with the indigenous peoples who inhabited the land for thousands of years before the arrival of European settlers. The Native American tribes, with their rich traditions and deep connection to the land, laid the first cultural layer of what would become the United States. With the influx of settlers, particularly from Europe, the American landscape began to change. Each wave of immigration brought new languages, religions, and customs, enriching the cultural fabric of the nation.The American DreamOne of the most enduring aspects of American culture is the concept of the American Dream. This idea, that anyone can achieve success through hard work and determination, has attracted people from all over the world. The stories of immigrants who arrived with little more than hope in their hearts and built successful lives for themselves and their families are the backbone of the American narrative.Cultural ContributionsThe cultural contributions of Americans are vast and varied. From the arts to science, from sports to technology, Americans have made significant impacts on the world stage. The music of jazz and blues, born from the African American experience, has influenced music globally. The innovation in technology, with Silicon Valley at the forefront, has revolutionized communication and information sharing.Challenges and OpportunitiesDespite the many successes, the United States also faces challenges related to its diversity. Issues of racial and social inequality, immigration debates, and cultural misunderstandings are part of the ongoing dialogue in American society. However, these challenges also present opportunities for growth and unity. The nations ability to embrace its diversity and work towards a more inclusive society is a testament to its resilience and adaptability.ConclusionIn conclusion, the United States is a nation of immigrants, a place where the old and the new coexist, and where the past and the future are constantly being shaped. The English language, as the common thread that binds Americans together, is itself a reflection of this diversity, with its incorporation of words and phrases from many different languages. The story of America is the story of its people, a story that continues to evolve and enrich the world.This essay provides a broad overview of American culture and society, highlighting the importance of diversity and the American Dream. It also acknowledges the challenges faced by the nation while emphasizing the opportunities for growth and unity.。
VOA MOSAIC-AMERICAN MOSAIC
ANNCR:
The Science Talent Search is the oldest such program for high school students in the United States. An organization called Science Service created the competition in nineteen forty-two. The aim was to increase the number of young Americans choosing to work in science.
Hurricanes are ocean storms that strike mainly in the Southeast. The hurricane season is, officially, June through November. Tornadoes are a risk across the country. These are locally severe windstorms. They generally happen in the spring and summer.
The oceans affect weather along the coasts. The Pacific coast has smaller temperature changes, and calmer conditions, than along the Atlantic.
Alaska and Hawaii are the only states not connected to the forty-eight mainland states. Alaska is in the Arctic area, so it gets very cold. Hawaii, out in the Pacific, is warm all year long.
VOA主题音乐
Science in the News-Expansion of Knowledge
Explorations-All Souls Waltz by Nakai / Kater
The Making of a Nation-Hail Columbia by Phylo/Hopkinson
Scott Joplin, the "King of Ragtime Composers", in 1904 was near the peak of his career when his young bride, Freddie Alexander of Little Rock, Arkansas died just 2 months after their marriage. The existance of Freddie was almost forgotten. None of Joplin's acquaintances who had been interviewed for eariler biographies had ever referred to her. Edward A. Berlin in his recently published Joplin biography, "King of Ragtime" devotes an entire chapter to Freddie. His meticulous research proves her existence and brings to light several facts about her. I quote: "It is strange that none of Joplin's associates who were interviewed in later years, including his widow Lottie and his friends Arthur Marshall and Sam Patterson, mentioned Freddie. Perhaps the brevity of the marriage made it insignificant in the minds of his friends.But Freddie was not insignificantto Joplin, for some years later he was to memorialize her in his most ambitious work [his opera "Treemonisha"]".
Differences between Chinese and American patents
Chill Mao16080601June 10, 2010 Differences between American and Chinese modes ofchild-raisingNowadays there are more and more Chinese people paying attention tochild-raising and the differences between American and Chinese ways of raising children. Although both of them have advantages and disadvantages, there are more things that Chinese parents should learn from Americans.Firstly, family units are different. There are fewer traditional families in the United States than in China. The United States has a high number of divorce and stepfamilies and there is also a high rate of unmarried women having babies.（Johnson, AMERICAN MOSAIC - Question About American Families.2005.）So there are many single parent raising children in the United States. On the contrary, most Chinese families are made up of traditional families that include a father, a mother and children. Parents in China think that it’s good for children if they are raised by biological parents. Many Chinese parents think children are more important than themselves so they sacrifice their happiness for the good developmental environment of their children. Parents’ divorce may be likely to be harmful to children, but Chinese parents’ method can also be harmful to children. Because a so-called complete but unhappy family can bring children more life stressand exposure to conflict between parents.(Robert Hughes, Jr., The Effects of Divorce on Children.2009.) In this regard, Chinese parents should get divorced when they’re sure that they don’t love their spouse for the sake of both their and their children’s happiness.Secondly, parents’ concept to childcare is different. To Americans, the goal of parents is to help children stand on their own two feet.（Lorna_wenwen, Fashionable English-Raising Children –Hujiang Forum.2008.）American parents expect their children to be independent of them .Each child may get his or her own room when he or she is a little kid. As children grow, they gain more freedom to make their own choices. Teenagers choose their own forms of entertainment, as well as the friends to share them with. When they reach young adulthood, they choose their own careers and marriage partners. Once American children finish their education，most of them will move out of their parents' house and become independent.However, most Chinese parents expect their children to be brought up well with sufficiency and indulgence, which may be attributed to China’s poverty in the past. Therefore, they believe that everything can be and should be done for their children and children should be closely watched. Consequently，many Chinese children become excessively dependent on their parents and even their grandparents. They want to be ―tied to their mother's apron strings.‖ An investigation made by the Social Investigation Center of China Youth Daily indicates that about 70% of the unemployed young people in China now live off their parents, thus becoming Neets （"Not in Education, Employment or Training").（Yang, 70% of the UnemployedYoung People in China Now Live off Their Parents. 2009.）Thirdly, American parents show more respect for their children. American parents try to treat their children as individuals-not as extensions of themselves.（Lorna_wenwen, Fashionable English-Raising Children –Hujiang Forum.2008.）They will knock the door every time before they enter the children's rooms. They will say ―thank you‖ and ―excuse me‖ when necessary, and apologize to the children when they are wrong. (Acerca de la Crianza de Niños.)They will solicit their children’s opinions before they make family choices. They allow them to fulfill their own dreams. American parents praise and encourage their children to give them the confidence to succeed. When children become adults, their relationships with their parents become more like a friendship among equals.However Chinese parents tent to think they are superior to their children so they seldom take their children’s feeling s into consideration when they make choices. Consequently, many children feel afraid of their parents and when they become teenagers this fear turns into alienation. In order to solve this problem that exists in many Chinese families, Chinese parents should show more respect, especially respect for children’s privacy.Finally, disciplining children is another area where American parents have different opinions with Chinese parents. Most Americans prefer special forms of discipline. For example, ―time outs‖ have become popular in recent years. Time out is when you put a child in a corner, facing the wall, or put the child in his or her room for extended periods of time. It teaches the child that if he or she cannotbehave within the limits set by the parents, then he or she is to be removed from the rest of the family and friends and is not allowed to participate. Older children and teenagers who break the rules may not be allowed to hang out with friends, go out and have allowances. Some of their privileges at home-like TV or telephone use-may also be taken away for a while.However, Many Chinese parents feel that an old-fashioned spanking helps youngsters learn what ―No！‖ means.（Lorna_wenwen, Fashionable English-Raising Children –Hujiang Forum.2008.）And many Chinese parents like punishing children in front of others to show their superiority. But sometimes Chinese parents cannot get the desirable results—well-behaved children. Actually it is better to use positive statements and say "Do this" in stead of "Don't do that." and explain the reason.There are many differences between American and Chinese modes ofchild-raising and both of these two child-raising modes are out of love. But Chinese parents don’t –at least didn’t--parent as well as American parents do in most cases. Being open-minded and studying the American mode will help us to better understand these differences, learn the merits of the American mode and do better.BibliographyDoug Johnson. AMERICAN MOSAIC—Question About American Families. September 28, 2005. Web. April 12, 2010. </voa/2/mosaic/7550.html>Lorna_wenwen. Fashionable English-Raising Children –Hujiang Forum. April 10, 2008. Web. April 11, 2010. </dispbbs1.asp?boardid=29&id=481837>Robert Hughes, Jr., The Effects of Divorce on Children. April 10, 2009. Web. April 14, 2010. </article.cfm?ContentID=646>Yang, 70% of the Unemployed Young People in China Now Live off Their Parents. China Youth Daily, June 29, 2009. Web. May 23, 2010.</html/jiaoyuxinwen/zonghexinwen/guona/2009/0629/105462.ht ml>。
web的发展历史
web的发展历史一、Web的起源（1989 - 1993年）Web的概念最早可以追溯到1989年，当时蒂姆·伯纳斯 - 李（Tim Berners - Lee）在欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）工作。
他提出了一种通过超文本链接将信息连接起来的系统构想，旨在解决科学家们在共享和获取信息方面的难题。
1990年，伯纳斯 - 李编写了第一个网页浏览器和编辑器，名为WorldWideWeb（这个名字后来成为了Web的代名词）。
这个初始的浏览器可以在NeXT计算机上运行，它不仅能够显示简单的文本页面，还能够实现页面之间的超文本链接跳转。
1991年，CERN正式对外发布了Web技术，不过在最初的两年里，Web的发展比较缓慢。
到了1993年，美国国家超级计算应用中心（NCSA）发布了Mosaic浏览器，这是第一个被广泛使用的图形化网页浏览器。
Mosaic浏览器的出现具有重大意义，它使得Web页面能够以图形化的方式展示，而不仅仅是简单的文本，这极大地提高了用户体验，为Web的普及奠定了基础。
据统计，在Mosaic浏览器发布后的一年内，Web服务器的数量从原来的不足100台迅速增长到超过500台。
二、Web的快速发展期（1994 - 2000年）1994年是Web发展的一个关键年份。
网景公司（Netscape）成立，并推出了Netscape Navigator浏览器。
Netscape Navigator在功能上比Mosaic更为强大，它支持更多的多媒体元素，如音频和视频。
这一时期，电子商务开始萌芽，企业逐渐意识到Web作为商业平台的潜力。
例如，1995年亚马逊（Amazon）成立，开始在Web上销售图书，这是电子商务领域的一个标志性事件。
随着Web技术的发展，网页设计也变得越来越复杂。
HTML（超文本标记语言）不断发展和完善，从最初的简单标记，到能够支持表格、框架等复杂结构。
同时，为了增强Web页面的交互性，JavaScript语言在1995年诞生。
VOA的时间,频道,小常识和频率表（北京时间,短波）
VOA的时间,频道,小常识和频率表VOA——Voice Of America，作为世界上最大的新闻广播机构之一，多年来，它的英语节目如“一部活的教科书”，帮助全球各地的英语学习者掌握现代英语的发展动向，培养准确连贯的英语语感，学习地道的英语语言。
下面我们将把VOA的英文广播的精彩时空展现在你面前，领你进入“原汁原味”美语世界。
一、VOA Special English (特别英语)节目评价1.1. 背景提示：Special English又叫“慢速英语”，是VOA电台专为全世界非英语国家的初学英语的听众安排的一种简易、规范的英语广播节目。
它始于50年代末，是VOA电台的专家们研究如何与世界各地的英语学习者时行交际的产物，开播之后迅速覆盖全球，在世界广泛内产生了广泛影响。
30多年来，VOA对Special English作了大量研究，目前，它的播音速度、内容及用词范围都有规定，达到了既能为听众提供信息又不损害英语本身风格的目的，使之成为VOA独具特色，拥有最大量听众的节目。
概括起来，Special English 特别于以下三点。
☆词汇量较严格地限定在美国人最常用的1500个基本单词内。
☆句式简单，清晰。
☆语速约为90 words/min，即2/3的Standard English速度。
1.2 Special English两大营地：新闻节目News Programs 专题节目Feature Programs1.2.1. Special English的新闻广播向听众提供全球的政治、经济、军事、外交、国际关系、宗教、天气以及各种重大事件和珍闻奇事等各个方面的信息。
每次节目长约十分钟，播十条左右的新闻，总词汇1000左右，新闻单长1～2分钟。
除头条新闻外，每条新闻都由一个电头引导，结构分明，条理清晰，适宜初学者。
节目结束之前，播音员常常用三、四句话重播其中三条新闻的提要，以加深听众印象。
慢速新闻每天向东南亚地区广播五次，朝二暮三，每逢半点准时派送。
高中英语 第一部分 VOA慢速英语《美国万花筒》第7课(文本)素材
高中英语第一部分 VOA慢速英语《美国万花筒》第7课英语翻议讲解：1.thoughtful a.深思的, 体贴的例句：A sober and steady type, he is meticulous and thoughtful in handling matters. 这个人很沉稳，处理问题细密周到。
2.exhibit v.展现, 陈列, 展览例句：These painters have a silimar painting style. We need some paintings of different styles to exhibit. 这几位画家的画风有些类同，我们需要找些画风迥异的作品做展览。
3.donate v.捐赠例句：Provided we meet our profit targets, we will donate one million dollars to charity. 如果我们的盈利达到了预定目标，我们将为慈善事业捐献100万美元。
4.endanger vt.危及例句：Home delivery of baby may endanger the mother's life. 不在医院分娩可能危及母亲的生命安全。
1.If you move closer to the sculptures, you realize they are made up of thousands of carefully stacked small plastic bottles for storing medicines.made up of由……组成例句：The team is made up almost entirely of Zimbabwean. 队里几乎全部都是津巴布韦人。
2.People buy the tickets in hopes of winning large amounts of money.in hopes of怀着...的希望, 希望能...例句：We are sending out samples in hopes of gaining comments. 我们正在寄送样品,征求批评意见。
惠特尼休斯顿 英文介绍
CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: Welcome to AMERICAN MOSAIC in VOA Special English.(MUSIC)I'm Christopher Cruise. Today on our show we remember the life and music of singing superstar Whitney Houston...(MUSIC: "One Moment in Time")Whitney Houston RememberedCHRISTOPHER CRUISE: Saturday, hundreds of people will gather in Newark, New Jersey, for the funeral of Whitney Houston. The forty-eight year old performer died a week earlier at a hotel in California. June Simms looks back at the life of the singer, actress, and mother.(MUSIC)JUNE SIMMS: That is Whitney Houston performing the song, "I'm Every Woman." And that is what many who loved the singer say: Whitney was every woman. People in her hometown of Newark say she never forgot where she came from. Her close friend and gospel singer Marvin Winans recently said that below the surface Whitney Houston was still the same little girl from New Jersey.A childhood friend of the star, Gregory Whittle, remembers growing up with her.GREGORY WHITE: "A lot of time in the basement you could hear her singing. Singing in the back by the pool. She had a gift. It was strictly from God."Marvin Winans is to speak at the funeral. It will be held at the New Hope Baptist Church. Whitney Houston attended that church while growing up. It was also the first place she sang publicly. She was a member of the church choir.(MUSIC: "Greatest Love of All")Whitney Elizabeth Houston was born in Newark in nineteen sixty-three. Her mother Cissy Houston is a gospel singer. Her father served in the military and was in the entertainment business. Cissy Houston was not the only family musician. Singers Dionne and Dee Dee Warwick were cousins of Whitney Houston. And her godmother was Aretha Franklin. At a performance earlier this week, Aretha Franklin remembered her goddaughter with a song and praise for the music and memories.A 22 year-old Whitney Houston performing in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1986As a teenager, Whitney Houston performed as a back-up singer for Chaka Khan, Lou Rawls and other artists. But she also had a successful modeling career by the time she was twenty. Her picture appeared on the cover of Seventeen and inside magazines including Glamour and Cosmopolitan.In nineteen eighty three, Clive Davis, the head of Arista records, heard Whitney Houston singing in New York City. He offered her a recording agreement soon after. For the next two years, Whitney Houston worked on her first record album. "Whitney Houston" was released in nineteen eighty-five. Slowly but surely, it became a huge hit. It stayed in the number one position on Billboard magazine's Top Two Hundred Albums chart for fourteen weeks. The first number one single from the album was "Saving All My Love for You."(MUSIC)Another popular song from that first album was this dance number "How Will I Know."(MUSIC)The album "Whitney Houston" had seven number one hit singles. It remains thebiggest-selling first album by any artist.The singer followed that success with another. Her album "Whitney" sold twenty million copies. It also made her the first female artist to enter the Billboard Top Two Hundred at number one. Whitney Houston was clearing a path of recognition for women artists.However, her next professional move was her most important. She recorded the soundtrack for and starred in "The Bodyguard," in nineteen ninety-two.Kevin Costner played opposite White Houston in the movie. It is the story of a relationship between a pop music star and a former secret service agent who protects her. The movie was a big hit, making more than four hundred million dollars in ticket sales worldwide. But the film's popularity did not even come close to the success of the album that went with it."The Bodyguard" is the fourth highest selling album of all time. Forty-four million copies have been sold. Among the singles is "I Will Always Love You," a song written and recorded earlier by Dolly Parton. Whitney Houston's version sold many more copies.(MUSIC)In nineteen ninety-two, Whitney Houston's personal life also grew. She married singer Bobby Brown, of the band New Edition. The marriage surprised many people both in and outside the music industry. Bobby Brown was considered an industry "bad boy," while Whitney Houston had an innocence that led to her nickname the "prom queen of soul."APSinger Whitney Houston, her husband Bobby Brown, left, and Clive Davis, president and founder of Arista Records in New York City, 1998She and Bobby Brown had a daughter, Bobbi Kristina, in nineteen ninety-three. In the late nineteen nineties, Whitney Houston's professional behavior began to come under question. She began to cancel shows and was late for important events. Her appearance changed; she lost weight and looked unhealthy. Her voice also was suffering. Many reports said she was abusing drugs and alcohol.(MUSIC: "I Have Nothing")Whitney Houston and Bobby Brown ended their marriage in two thousand seven. She also publicly admitted to drug abuse. But she entered a treatment program. In two thousand ten, she reported she was drug-free.But, last Saturday, the singer and actress was found dead in her hotel room in Los Angeles. Officials have not yet released a cause of death. However, news reports say Whitney Houston's family has been told the entertainer died from taking too many prescription drugs.Her seventh and final studio album, "I Look to You," was released in two thousand nine. Critics generally praised the effort. We leave you with Whitney Houston performing the Leon Russell song, "A Song for You."(MUSIC)CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: I'm Christopher Cruise. This program was written and produced by Caty Weaver.Join us again next week for music and more on AMERICAN MOSAIC in VOA Special English.。
互联网的历史
所谓的协议战争开始于1986年。当时欧洲推行开放互联系统（OSI），而美国正在利用因特网/阿帕网协议（最终取得了胜利）。
1987：互联网在发展
到了1987年，互联网上有近三万台主机。以前的阿帕网协议只能限于有1000台主机，但是采用了TCP/IP标准后，使得有更多的主机变成了现实。
1971：电子邮件
电子邮件于1971年首次被Ray?Tomlinson开发出来，他也是那个决定使用“@”符号将用户名和电脑名字（后来变成了域名）分开的人。
1971：古登堡计划和电子图书
1971年，最引人注目的开发是古登堡计划的开始。对于那些不熟悉这个网站的人来说，古登堡计划是一个全球性的努力，它的目的是将那些公共领域的书籍做成各种格式的电子书并供免费使用。
1988：IRC——互联网中继聊天
此外，在1988年，互联中继聊天（IRC）首次被部署，从而为今天使用的实时聊天和即时消息程序开了先河。
1988：第一次重大的、恶意的基于互联网的攻击
第一个主要的互联网蠕虫是1988年发行的。它被称为“莫里斯蠕虫”，作者是RobertTappanMorris，导致了大部分地区的互联网的中断。
事情起因于当Michael?Hart获得了大量的计算时间的时候，他同时意识到未来的计算机不仅仅是计算本身，但是还包括存储、检索和查找信息，就像那个时候只有图书馆有的功能。他手动键入（无光学字符识别仪器）了“独立宣言”，并推出了古登堡计划，以便使得书籍中的信息也可以以电子的形式广泛传播。事实上，这就是电子书的诞生之日。
如果你正在读这篇文章，那么很可能你花费了很多时间在网上。然而，考虑到互联网在我们日常生活中的影响，又有多少人了解互联网是如何起家的呢？
美国是沙拉碗英语作文
美国是沙拉碗英语作文The United States of America is often referred to as a "melting pot" of cultures, a diverse and vibrant nation where people from all over the world come together to pursue their dreams. Within this tapestry of diversity, one aspect that stands out is the unique linguistic landscape of the country, often likened to a "salad bowl" of languages.The English language, undoubtedly the dominant tongue in the United States, has long been a symbol of American identity. However, the reality is far more complex and fascinating. The country's linguistic diversity is a testament to the rich cultural heritage of its people, each group contributing their own linguistic traditions and enriching the overall linguistic landscape.One of the most striking features of the American linguistic salad bowl is the prevalence of Spanish. As the second most widely spoken language in the country, Spanish has become an integral part of the American experience. From the bustling streets of Los Angeles to the vibrant neighborhoods of New York City, the sound of Spanish can be heard in everyday conversations, reflecting the significant presence of the Hispanic and Latino communities.Beyond Spanish, the linguistic diversity of the United States is truly remarkable. From the Native American languages that have been spoken on these lands for centuries to the influx of immigrants from around the world, the country is home to a vast array of linguistic traditions. Languages such as Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean, Arabic, and countless others can be heard in various pockets of the nation, each adding to the rich tapestry of American linguistic diversity.This linguistic diversity is not merely a matter of coexistence; it is a dynamic and ever-evolving landscape where different languages interact, influence, and enrich one another. The blending of linguistic traditions has given rise to unique linguistic phenomena, such as the emergence of pidgin and creole languages, which combine elements from multiple source languages to create new forms of communication.One such example is the unique dialect known as Spanglish, which has gained significant prominence in the United States. Spanglish is a hybrid of Spanish and English, reflecting the lived experiences of many individuals who straddle the line between these two linguistic worlds. It is a testament to the adaptability and creativity of language users, as they navigate the complexities of navigating multiple linguistic identities.The linguistic diversity of the United States is not just a matter of academic interest; it has profound social, cultural, and economic implications. In an increasingly globalized world, the ability to communicate in multiple languages is a valuable asset, opening doors to new opportunities and fostering cross-cultural understanding.Moreover, the preservation and promotion of linguistic diversity are crucial for the preservation of cultural heritage and the empowerment of marginalized communities. Many indigenous and immigrant communities have fought tirelessly to maintain their linguistic traditions in the face of societal pressures to assimilate and conform to the dominant English-speaking culture.In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of preserving linguistic diversity in the United States. Educational institutions, government agencies, and community organizations have implemented programs and initiatives to support the teaching and learning of a wide range of languages, from Spanish and Mandarin to American Sign Language and Native American languages.These efforts are not only important for preserving cultural heritage but also for fostering a more inclusive and equitable society. By embracing linguistic diversity, the United States can harness the richtapestry of its people's linguistic traditions to promote cross-cultural understanding, enhance economic opportunities, and strengthen the social fabric of the nation.In conclusion, the linguistic diversity of the United States, often likened to a "salad bowl," is a testament to the country's rich cultural heritage and the adaptability of its people. From the dominance of English to the vibrant presence of Spanish and the multitude of other languages, the American linguistic landscape is a dynamic and ever-evolving tapestry that reflects the complex and fascinating nature of the American experience. As the country continues to grapple with the challenges and opportunities of linguistic diversity, it is essential that we recognize and celebrate the unique linguistic traditions that make the United States a truly remarkable and diverse nation.。
关于马赛克保护性遮蔽抑或媒介欲望膨胀
关于马赛克：保护性遮蔽抑或媒介欲望膨胀摘要：马赛克(Mosaic)，建筑名词。
现今马赛克泛指这种类型五彩斑斓的视觉效果指现行广为使用的一种图像(视频)处理手段，其目的通常是使之无法辨认。
那么由谁来决定马赛克，怎样正确的使用马赛克。
这个问题关涉摄影的功能、权力、法律，当然对媒体的操作也很实际。
镜头的功能是记录，不是判定。
马赛克问题，应该从新闻摄影的小范围走出去，在社会、人文、法律、道德更大的背景之下考量。
关键词：马赛克;隐私保护;人文关怀;新闻娱乐化一、读图时代最近有看过一部英国的小电影叫《Black Mirror-The National Anthem》。
故事的大概是讲述英国首相在睡梦中接到了一个电话，英国公主被绑架了，绑匪的要求是让首相当众出丑，并进行全球直播。
首相和工作人员想尽办法都没用最后只能就范。
最终结果是绑匪在四点之前就自杀，公主也被提前释放平安归来。
而所有的人都在电视电脑前守候并且观看了他们所谓的期待中的事实。
我们来分析下这个疯狂的故事，一开始绑架视频被绑匪放上Youtube，真假难辨，但是一些媒体工作者与官员勾结，通过贿赂等各种方式弄到了内幕消息。
然后网上的公主绑架视频在政府阻挠无果之后被许多看客纷纷传播。
接着首相办公室曾想出一个后备方案，找人代替首相出演，然后用电脑特效改成首相的脸。
但是后备演员在进入演播室的时候被一名工作人员认出并拍了照片上传到推特(一个社交网站)上，于是计划流产。
网络民意调查显示，最初大家以为是个无聊的游戏或者认为事关国家荣誉，只有一部分的人赞成首相就范。
但在绑匪切了公主一根手指之后(实际上是绑匪自己的手指)，民意风向大转，认为人民关天，首相牺牲一下也无所谓，于是事情的发展就按照了大家想象中一样，首相就范了。
这部电影直指了社会的现实，在整个故事中，不择手段的媒体，让人无处遁形的社交网站，不管明不明真像就围观的群众，所有的这些都构成了我们现实社会中媒体与社会，受众与社会，媒体与受众的真实写照。
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Blanche comes to New Orleans to visit her sister. She stays with Stella and Stanley in their crowded, noisy apartment. Stanley is a violent and abusive man. He is not happy that Blanche is there. From the beginning, Blanche says things that are not true. She pretends to be a Southern lady with high morals.
(MUSIC)
YouTube at the Guggenheim
The video sharing website, YouTube, was created in two thousand five and became an overnight success. Google bought YouTube for more than one billion six hundred thousand dollars the following year. In May, YouTube announced that two billion videos were watched each day.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱDOUG JOHNSON: Welcome to American Mosaic in VOA Special English.
(MUSIC)
I’m Doug Johnson.
Today, we listen to “Wake Up,” a new album from John Legend and the Roots.
A frightening but beautiful video came from Chile. The video by Niles Atallah, Joaquin Coci?a Varas and Cristobal Leon is called “Luis.” It is an animated ghostly story of a tense, angry boy. It is very dark but impossible to stop watching.
MARIO RITTER: The Guggenheim and YouTube launched the competition called “YouTube Play. A Biennial of Creative Video.” The information technology companies HP and Intel are supporting the event. Twenty-three thousand videos entered the competition. They represented ninety-one countries and every possible style of moviemaking.
A scene from the video "Luis" by Niles Atallah, Joaquin Coci?a Varas and Cristobal Leon
The rules of the competition were few. Videomakers had to be eighteen years or older. They could enter only one video. It had to be no more than ten minutes long. Any language, subject, sound and style were considered.
(MUSIC)
“A Streetcar Named Desire”
DOUG JOHNSON: Our listener question this week comes from Vietnam. Tuan Nong would like to know about the famous play, “A Streetcar Named Desire.”
In June, the Guggenheim Museum in New York City announced it would hold a competition among YouTube videos. Now, the judges have chosen the top one hundred twenty-five videos. Mario Ritter has more.
And we answer a question about a famous Tennessee Williams play.
But first, we tell about YouTube videos appearing at the Guggenheim Museums in New York and Europe.
People can also see the one hundred twenty-five videos at the Guggenheim museums in New York; Bilbao, Spain; Berlin, Germany, and Venice, Italy.
On October twenty-first, the YouTube Play judges will announce the final twenty winning videos at a special event at the Guggenheim in New York. The videos will be on view there until October twenty-fourth.
When Stanley finds out about her past, he violently tries to force Blanche to face the truth. But Blanche is not just a liar. She is emotionally sick. In the end, she is sent to a mental hospital.
Other chosen videos are from France, Spain, Taiwan, Australia and Israel. Almost thirty countries are represented. You can see them if you link to YouTube Play from our website at .
Portrait of Marlon Brando from the play "A streetcar named desire"
“A Streetcar Named Desire” is considered a great American play. Tennessee Williams won the Pulitzer Prize in nineteen forty-eight. The play was a success on Broadway and was then made into a movie in nineteen fifty-one. Elia Kazan directed both the Broadway play and film. On stage and in the film, the part of Stanley Kowalski was played by a young Marlon Brando.
But the truth is she was fired from a teaching job because she had sex with a teenage student. She was thrown out of a hotel for having sex with many different men. She also has lost her house and land and has no money. She drinks a lot of alcohol, but tries to hide it from everyone. Her entire life is one big lie.
Other judges include the filmmaker Darren Aronofsky, the band Animal Collective and artist and filmmaker Shirin Neshat.
New Jersey artist Dahlia Elsayed’s video is one of the finalists. She used the camera in her computer to record herself describing her daily food desires for one month. The video is simple, short and interesting.
“A Streetcar Named Desire” has been restaged several times on Broadway and in many other cities. It has won many awards. The movie won four Academy Awards, including best actress for Vivien Leigh as Blanche DuBois.
Eleven people are judging the videos. They include artists, musicians and filmmakers. Laurie Anderson is all three. She says all her art starts with a story. So she looks for a story as she judges the videos.