viptest6

合集下载

大株红景天注射液治疗心力衰竭临床疗效的Meta分析及GRADE评价

大株红景天注射液治疗心力衰竭临床疗效的M e t a分析及G R A D E评价张彩旗1吴斌2罗雪挺21湖北中医药大学湖北武汉430061;2湖北省中医院[摘要]目的评价大株红景天注射液联合西医治疗心力衰竭临床总有效率及证据质量㊂方法检索知网㊁万方㊁C B M㊁维普㊁P u b m e d㊁E m b a s e㊁C o c h r a n e L i b r a r y,筛选出符合纳入标准的随机对照试验并分组,中药组为观察组,单纯西医治疗为对照组,使用C o c h r a n e评价手册㊁R e v m a n5.4及G R A D E p r o-f i l e r软件进行分析㊂结果共26篇文献,M e t a分析示:观察组在多项结果上优于对照组,如临床总有效率(O R=4.42,95%C I:3.33~5.86,P<0.00001);改善心功能指标中左心室射血分数L V E F(S M D =1.47,95%C I:1.15~1.80,P<0.00001)㊁左心室收缩末期内径L V E S D(S M D=-1.03,95%C I: -1.54~-0.52,P<0.0001)㊁左心室舒张末期内径L V E D D(S M D=-0.95,95%C I:-1.24~0.65,P< 0.00001)㊁左心房舒张末期内径L A E D D(M D=-6.17,95%C I:-7.06~-5.28,P<0.00001)等;改善心衰标志物N末端B型利钠肽原N T-p r o B N P(S M D=-4.14,95%C I:-5.42~2.86,P<0.00001)㊁B型利钠肽B N P(S M D=-1.62,95%C I:-2.19~-1.05,P<0.00001)等;改善6m i n步行试验6MWT(M D =29.15,95%C I:22.98~35.32,P<0.00001)㊁超敏C反应蛋白h s-C R P(S M D=-1.34,95%C I:-1.83 ~-0.84,P<0.00001)㊁中医证候(M D=-8.74,95%C I:-10.25~-7.23,P<0.00001)等㊂两组发生不良反应相当且均轻微(O R=0.73,95%C I:0.31~1.75,P=0.48)㊂按照G R A D E评价标准,L A E D D 为中等质量证据,改善L V E F㊁L V E S D㊁L V E D D㊁6MWT等为低质量证据,改善总有效率㊁B N P㊁N T-P r o B N P㊁h s-C R P㊁中医症状㊁不良反应等为极低质量证据㊂结论观察组治疗心力衰竭疗效优于对照组,且安全性好,改善L A E D D的可信度较稳定,但纳入文献的数量及质量有限,需要更进一步的临床设计加以验证㊂[关键词]大株红景天注射液心力衰竭临床总有效率 M e t a分析 G R A D E评价[中图分类号] R543.2[文献标识码] A [文章编号]2095-2694(2023)02-129-12[D O I]10.19539/j.c n k i.2095-2694.2023.02.009M e t a-a n a l y s i s a n d G R A D E e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e c l i n i c a l e f f i c a c y o f D a z h u R h o d i o l a i n j e c t i o n i n t h e t r e a t m e n t o f h e a r t f a i l u r e Z h a n g C a i q i,W u B i n,L u o X u e t i n g(H u b e i U n i v e r s i t y o f T r a d i t i o n a l C h i n e s e M e d i c i n e,W u h a n430061,C h i n a)[A B S T R A C T]O b j e c t i v e T o e v a l u a t e t h e c l i n i c a l e f f i c a c y a n d e v i d e n c e q u a l i t y o f D a z h u H o n g j i n g t i a n i n j e c t i o n o r c o m b i n e d w i t h w e s t e r n m e d i c i n e i n t h e t r e a t m e n t o f h e a r t f a i l u r e.M e t h o d s C N K I,W a n-f a n g,C B M,V I P,P u b m e d,E m b a s e,a n d C o c h r a n e L i b r a r y w e r e s e a r c h e d,a n d r a n d o m i s e d c o n t r o l l e d t r i a l s t h a t m e t t h e i n c l u s i o n c r i t e r i a w e r e s c r e e n e d a n d g r o u p e d.5.4a n d G R A D E p r o f i l e r s o f t w a r e f o r 921华北理工大学学报(医学版)2023年3月第25卷第2期J o u r n a l o f N o r t h C h i n a U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y(H e a l t h S c i e n c e s E d i t i o n),M a r.2023,V o l.25,N o.2ʌ基金项目ɔ湖北省卫生健康委员会中医药科研项目(编号:Z Y2021M063)㊂ʌ作者简介ɔ张彩旗(1993-),女,在读硕士研究生㊂研究方向:中西医结合治疗心血管疾病㊂ʌ通讯作者ɔ吴斌,E m a i l:w u b i n_9116@h o t.m a i l.c o mCopyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.a n a l y s i s.R e s u l t s A t o t a l o f26l i t e r a t u r e s w e r e p ub l i s h e d.M e t a-a n a l y s i s s h o w e d t h a t t h e o b s e r v a t i o n g r o u p w a s s u p e r i o r t o t h ec o n t r o l g r o u p i n m a n y o u t c o m e s,s u c h a s t h e t o t a l c l i n i c a l e f f e c t i v e r a t e(O R =4.42,95%C I:3.33~5.86,P<0.00001);i m p r o v e m e n t i n c a rd i a c f u n c t i o n i n d i c a t o r s Lef t v e n t r i c-u l a r e j e c t i o n f r a c t i o n L V E F(S M D=1.47,95%C I:1.15~1.80,P<0.00001),l e f t v e n t r i c u l a r e n d-s y s t o l i c d i a m e t e r L V E S D(S M D=-1.03,95%C I:-1.54~-0.52,P<0.0001),l e f t v e n t r i c u l a r e n d-d i-a s t o l i c d i a m e t e r L V E D D(S M D=-0.95,95%C I:-1.24~-0.65,P<0.00001),l e f t a t r i a l e n d-d i a s-t o l i c d i a m e t e r L A E D D(M D=-6.17,95%C I:-7.06~-5.28,P<0.00001)a n d s o o n;i m p r o v e t h e h e a r t f a i l u r e m a r k e r N-t e r m i n a l p r o-B-t y p e n a t r i u r e t i c p e p t i d e N T-p r o B N P(S M D=-4.14,95%C I: -5.42~-2.86),P<0.00001),B-t y p e n a t r i u r e t i c p e p t i d e B N P(S M D=-1.62,95%C I:-2.19~ -1.05,P<0.00001),e t c.;i m p r o v e d6-m i n u t e w a l k t e s t6MWT(M D=29.15,95%C I:22.98~ 35.32,P<0.00001),h ig h-s e n s i t i v i t y C-r e a c t i v e p r o t e i nh s-C R P(S M D=-1.34,95%C I:-1.83~ -0.84,P<0.00001),T C M s y n d r o m e(M D=-8.74,95%C I:-10.25~-7.23,P<0.00001)a n d s o o n.A d v e r s e r e a c ti o n s o c c u r r e d i n t h e t w o g r o u p s w e r e c o m p a r a b l e a n d m i l d(O R=0.73,95%C I:0.31~1.75,P=0.48).A c c o r d i n g t o t h e G R A D E e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i a,L A E D D w a s m o d e r a t e-q u a l i t ye v i d e n c e,i m p r o v i n g L V E F,L V E S D,L V E D D,6MWT,e t c.,w e r e l o w-q u a l i t y e v i d e n c e,a n d i m p r o-v i n g t o t a l ef f e c t i v e r a t e,B N P,N T-P r o B N P,h s-C R P,T C M s y m p t o m s,a n d a d v e r s e r e a c t i o n s w e r e v e r y l o w-q u a l i t y e v i d e n c e.C o n c l u s i o n T h e e f f i c a c y o f t h e o b s e r v a t i o ng r o u p i n th e t r e a t m e n t o f h e a r t f ai l u r e i s b e t t e r t h a n t h a t o f t h e c o n t r o l g r o u p,a n d t h e s a f e t y i s g o o d a n d t h e r e l i a b i l i t y o f i m p r o v i n g L A E D D i s r e l a t i v e l y s t a b l e,b u t t h e q u a n t i t y a n d q u a l i t y o f t h e i n c l u d e d l i t e r a t u r e a r e l i m i t e d,a n d f u r-t h e r c l i n i c a l d e s i g n i s n e e d e d t o v e r i f y.[K E Y W O R D S] D a z h u R h o d i o l a i n j e c t i o n.H e a r t f a i l u r e.T o t a l c l i n i c a l r e s p o n s e r a t e.M e t a-a n a l y-s i s.G R A D E e v a l u a t i o n心力衰竭(h e a r t f a i l u r e,简称心衰)是心脏结构和/或功能改变,导致心室收缩和/或舒张功能异常从而引起的一组复杂的临床综合征,以呼吸困难㊁疲乏和体液潴留(肺淤血㊁体循环淤血及外周水肿)为主要表现[1]㊂在发达国家,根据来自美国和欧洲的可用数据,心衰的总体患病率为1%~12%,一般估计为1%~ 2%[2-3]㊂2018年流行病学调查显示,我国34~ 73岁心衰患病率为10%[4]㊂心衰是多种心脏疾病的终末阶段,因多种原因导致心肌重构而形成,因此逆转或控制心肌重构是治疗心衰的关键㊂大株红景天注射液具有活血化瘀㊁通脉平喘的功效,临床上已报道其治疗心衰疗效良好㊂虽然已有此方面的系统评价,但近两年新增许多相关临床研究,故本文纳入更多符合要求的文献进行M e t a分析,以期为临床合理应用该注射液治疗心衰提供更可靠的循证医学证据㊂1资料与方法1.1纳入与排除标准1.1.1纳入标准(1)文献类型:随机对照试验(R C T);(2)研究对象:符合心衰诊断标准[1];(3)临床干预:对照组采用常规基础抗心衰治疗(利尿剂㊁血管扩张剂㊁强心)或加西药(美托洛尔㊁前列地尔㊁曲美他嗪㊁左卡尼汀㊁单硝酸异山梨酯)治疗,观察组在此基础上加大株红景天注射液;(4)关键结局指标(心衰的诊断标准包括心功能异常和利钠肽升高,所以选择心功能指标和心衰标志物为关键指标):心功能指标包括左心室射血分数(L e f t v e n t r i c u l a r e-j e c t i o n f r a c t i o n,L V E F)㊁左心室收缩末期内径(L e f t v e n t r i c u l a r e n d-s y s t o l i c d i a m e t e r, L V E S D)㊁左心室舒张末期内径(L e f t v e n t r i c u-l a r e n d-d i a s t o l i c d i a m e t e r,L V E D D)㊁左心房舒张末期内径(L e f t a t r i a l e n d-d i a s t o l i c d i a m e-t e r,L A E D D),心衰标志物包括N末端B型利031华北理工大学学报(医学版)2023年3月第25卷第2期J o u r n a l o f N o r t h C h i n a U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y(H e a l t h S c i e n c e s E d i t i o n),M a r.2023,V o l.25,N o.2Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.钠肽原(N-t e r m i n a l B-t y p e n a t r i u r e t i c p e p-t i d e,N T-P r o B N P)㊁B型利钠肽(B n a t r i u r e t i c p e p t i d e,B N P)㊂重要结局:临床总有效率㊁心排血量(C a r d i a c o u t p u t,C O)㊁超敏c反应蛋白(H y p e r s e n s i t i v e C-r e a c t i v e p r o t e i n,h s-C R P)㊂不重要结局:6m i n步行试验(6m i n u t e w a l k t e s t,6MWT)㊁一氧化氮(N i t r i c o x i d e,N O)㊁中医症状积分㊁不良反应㊂1.1.2排除标准(1)肺栓塞或长期高血压或严重肝肾功能不全所致心衰或先天性心脏病者;(2)同一时期使用大株红景天注射液以外的中药制剂;(3)动物实验;(4)实验数据缺失或不可用;(5)同一临床研究发表多篇选取试验数据最完整的一篇㊂1.2检索策略及文献筛选提取两名研究者分别检索中英文数据库,按照P(P o p u l a t i o n),I (I n t e r v e n t i o n),S(S t u d a y d e s i g n)原则,检索词有心力衰竭喘证水肿大株红景天注射液 H e a r t F a i l u r e S o f r e n I n j e c t i o n R h o d i-o l a I n j e c t i o n ,完成筛选并对比查验,结果有分歧时,征求导师意见并达成一致㊂1.3偏倚风险评估按照C o c h r a n e H a n d-b o o k5.1.0手册评价标准,每个条目符合与否划分低㊁高风险 ,未明确说明者为不确定 ,同样完成交叉核对㊂1.4统计学处理两类数据均涉及95%置信区间(C I),相对比值比(O R)应用于二分类变量,测量方法和单位完全相同的连续性变量选用均数差(M D),反之选用标准化均数差(S M D)㊂异质性评估选用P和I2值,若P> 0.1且I2ɤ50%,选用固定效应模型,反之,采用随机效应模型,而分析异质性来源选用敏感性分析或亚组分析㊂研究数量超过10个的关键性指标可分析其漏斗图㊂1.5 G R A D E证据评价运用G R A D E p r o f i-l e r3.6软件,根据以下五条评价标准,即研究局限性㊁不一致性㊁间接性㊁不精确性㊁发表偏倚,客观㊁规范地逐条评定后得出证据等级㊂根据评估定义[5]得出的等级为:(1)高质量:该疗效评估结果的可信度进一步研究也不可能改变;(2)中等质量:该疗效评估结果的可信度进一步研究很可能受影响,评估结果可能改变;(3)低质量:该疗效评估结果的可信度进一步研究极有可能受影响,评估结果很可能改变;(4)极低质量:所有评估结果均具有不确定性㊂2结果2.1检索结果文献共153篇,经过以下逐层筛选,最终纳入26篇,具体见图1㊂图1文献筛选流程图2.2文献特征共26篇[6-31]文献,包含患者2447例,其中观察组1223例,对照组1224例㊂131华北理工大学学报(医学版)2023年3月第25卷第2期J o u r n a l o f N o r t h C h i n a U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y(H e a l t h S c i e n c e s E d i t i o n),M a r.2023,V o l.25,N o.2Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.见表1㊂表1 文献基本情况作者时间T /C (例)T 干预措施C 干预措施疗程(d )观察指标左茹等[6]202130/30大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+美托洛尔30⑵⑶⑷⑻陆青竹等[7]202025/25大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+美托洛尔30⑴⑵⑶⑷⑻⑼张志亮等[8]202052/52大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+前列地尔口服20⑴⑵⑶⑷⑺⑾黎燕锋等[9]202035/35大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+曲美他嗪30⑴⑵⑷⑺⑼石永田等[10]202060/60大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+曲美他嗪28⑵⑶⑺⒀雷晓兰等[11]201932/32大株红景天注射液+对照组常规20⑴⑵⑶⑷⑹⑼⒀赖晓菁等[12]201935/35大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+前列地尔注射液28⑴⑵⑷⑽⑾⒀许文元[13]201940/40大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+曲美他嗪28⑴⑵⑸⑹⒀李真[14]201933/33大株红景天注射液+对照组常规14⑴⑺⑿⒀邵伟华等[15]201845/45大株红景天注射液+对照组常规14⑴⑵⑶⑷⑺⒀胡威等[16]201850/50大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+美托洛尔30⑴⑵⑶⑷⑻⑼⒀曹选超等[17]201842/42大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+曲美他嗪28⑴⑵⑷⑸⑺⑾王冬松等[18]201863/63大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+左卡尼汀10⑴⑵⑺张妍[19]2018204/204大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+曲美他嗪30⑴⑵⑷⑸⒀崔灿等[20]201830/30大株红景天注射液+对照组常规14⑴⑵⑺⑻⒀程帅锋等[21]201838/38大株红景天注射液+对照组常规14⑴⑵⑺陈源等[22]201730/30大株红景天注射液+对照组常规14⑼宁小康等[23]201774/74大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+重组人脑利钠肽14⑴⑵⑶⑷⑺⑻⒀华翠娥等[24]201742/41大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+曲美他嗪28⑴⑵⑷⑸⑺⒀范晔等[25]201733/33大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+单硝酸异山梨酯注射液14⑴⑵⑷⑻田心等[26]201730/30大株红景天注射液+对照组常规10⑴⑵⑹詹秋璇等[27]201730/30大株红景天注射液+对照组常规10⑵⑺⑻⒀威猛[28]201630/30大株红景天注射液+对照组常规14⑴⑵石惠荣等[29]201659/61大株红景天注射液+对照组常规14⑵⑷⑹⑼金慧等[30]201652/52大株红景天注射液+对照组常规+前列地尔注射液10⑴⑵⑶⑷⑽⑾⒀石惠荣等[31]201129/29大株红景天注射液+对照组常规14⑴⑵注:T :观察组,C :对照组,⑴:临床总有效率,⑵:L V E F ,⑶:L V E S D ,⑷:L V E D D ,⑸:L A E D D ,⑹:B N P ,⑺:N T -P r o B N P ,⑻:6MWT ,⑼:h s -C R P ,⑽:C O ,⑾:N O ,⑿:中医症状积分,⒀:不良事件2.3 文献质量评价 (1)随机化:所有文献均提及采用随机分组,其中1篇[11]是密封信封法,10篇[10,12,14-18,25-26,30]是随机数表法,1篇[19]是电脑双盲法,1篇[28]是随机抽样法,其余未具体说明,低风险所以此13篇为低风险,其余为不确定风险;(2)分配隐藏:均未提及,因此全部为不确定风险;(3)对受试者及研究者施盲:1篇[19]是电脑双盲法为低风险,其余未提及,为不确定风险;(4)对数据评估者施盲:客观指标的评估视为盲法,低风险文献共13篇[8,12-14,16,18-20,22,27,29-31],其余13篇为不确定风险;(5)结局数据不完整性:均完整,全为低风险;(6)结局指标选择性报告:均未选择性报告,全为低风险;(7)其他偏倚:均未提及,为不确定风险㊂见图2㊂图2 偏倚风险及其汇总2.4 M e t a 分析结果2.4.1 临床总有效率共有21项研231华北理工大学学报(医学版) 2023年3月第25卷第2期J o u r n a l o f N o r t h C h i n a U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y(H e a l t h S c i e n c e s E d i t i o n ),M a r .2023,V o l .25,N o .2Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.究[7-9,11-21,23-26,28,30-31],纳入2027例患者,研究间同质性良好(P =1.00,I 2=0%),采用固定效应模型,结果显示观察组临床疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(O R=4.42,95%C I :3.33~5.86,P <0.01),漏斗图基本对称,且大部分集中在中上部分,考虑不存在发表偏倚㊂按疗程进行亚组分析,结果示28~30d 的有效率更显著,提示临床医生联用该注射液的疗程可考虑为1个月㊂见图3㊂图3 临床疗效森林图及漏斗图2.4.2 L V E F 共有24篇[6-13,15-21,23-31]文献,纳入2321例患者,研究间异质性存在(P <0.10,I 2=92%),采用随机效应模型,结果显示观察组提高L V E F 效果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(S M D=1.47,95%C I :1.15~1.80,P <0.01)㊂见图4㊂图4 L V E F 水平森林图331华北理工大学学报(医学版) 2023年3月第25卷第2期J o u r n a l o f N o r t h C h i n a U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y(H e a l t h S c i e n c e s E d i t i o n ),M a r .2023,V o l .25,N o .2Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.2.4.3 L V E S D 共有9篇[6-8,10-11,15-16,23,30]文献,纳入840例患者,研究间异质性存在(P<0.10,I 2=91%),采用随机效应模型,结果显示观察组减小L V E S D 优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(S M D =-1.03,95%C I :-1.54~-0.52,P <0.01)㊂见图5㊂图5 L V E S D 水平森林图2.4.4 L V E D D 共有15篇[6-9,11-12,15-17,19,23-25,29-30]研究,纳入1621例患者,研究间异质性存在(P <0.10,I 2=86%),采用随机效应模型,结果显示观察组减小L V E D D 优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(S M D=-0.95,95%C I :-1.24~-0.65,P <0.01)㊂见图6㊂图6 L V E D D 水平森林图2.4.5 L A E D D 共有4篇[13,17,19,24]研究,纳入655例患者,研究间同质性良好(P =0.95,I 2=0%),采用固定效应模型,结果显示观察组减小L A E D D 优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(M D=-6.17,95%C I :-7.06~-5.28),P <0.01)㊂见图7㊂图7 L A E D D 水平森林图2.4.6 B N P 共有4篇[11,13,26,29]文献,纳入324例患者,研究间异质性存在(P =0.002,I 2=79%),采用随机效应模型,结果示观察组降低B N P 优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(S M D=-1.62,95%C I :-2.19~-1.05,P <0.01)㊂以半个月为界限的亚组分析后,同质性良好(P =0.54,I 2=0%;P =0.18,I 2=45%)㊂见图8㊂431华北理工大学学报(医学版) 2023年3月第25卷第2期J o u r n a l o f N o r t h C h i n a U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y(H e a l t h S c i e n c e s E d i t i o n ),M a r .2023,V o l .25,N o .2Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.图8 B N P 水平森林图2.4.7 N T -P r o B N P 共有12篇[8-10,14-15,17-18,20-21,23-24,27]文献,纳入1087例患者,研究间存在异质性(P <0.10,I 2=98%),采用随机效应模型,结果显示观察组降低N T -P r o B N P 优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(S M D=-4.14,95%C I :-5.42~-2.86,P <0.01)㊂见图9㊂图9 N T -pr o B N P 森林图2.4.8 6MWT 共有7篇[6-7,16,20,23,25,27]文献,纳入544例患者,研究间同质性存在(P =0.67,I 2=0%),采用固定效应模型,结果显示观察组增加6MWT 优于对照组,差异有统计学意义()M D=29.15,95%C I :22.98~35.32,P <0.01㊂见图10㊂图10 6MWT 森林图2.4.9 h s -C R P 共有6篇[7,9,11,16,22,29]文献,纳入464例患者,研究间异质性存在(P <0.10,I 2=82%),采用随机效应模型,结果显示观察组降低h s -C R P 优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(S M D=-1.34,95%C I :-1.83~-0.84,P <0.01)㊂敏感性分析中去掉陈源等[22]文献的异质性来源后,存在同质性(P =0.09,I 2=50%),具体见图11㊂531华北理工大学学报(医学版) 2023年3月第25卷第2期J o u r n a l o f N o r t h C h i n a U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y(H e a l t h S c i e n c e s E d i t i o n ),M a r .2023,V o l .25,N o .2Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.图11 h s -C R P 水平森林图2.4.10 C O 共有2篇[12,30]研究,纳入174例患者,研究间同质性存在(P =0.35,I 2=0%),采用固定效应模型,结果显示观察组增加C O 优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(M D=0.38,95%C I :0.24~0.52),P <0.01)㊂2.4.11 N O 共有3篇[8,12,30]文献,纳入278例患者,研究间同质性存在(P =0.99,I 2=0%),故采用固定效应模型,结果显示观察组增加N O 优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(M D=15.81,95%C I :11.88~19.74,P <0.01)㊂2.4.12 中医症状积分 1篇[14]文献,纳入66例患者,结果显示观察组改善中医症状优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(M D=-8.74,95%C I :-10.25~-7.23,P <0.01)㊂2.4.13 不良事件涉及不良事件共有14篇[10-17,19-20,23-24,27,30]文献,纳入1537例患者,研究间异质性存在(P =0.007,I 2=64%),采用随机效应模型,结果显示观察组不良反应与对照组相当(P =0.48),常见的不良反应有头晕头痛㊁恶心呕吐㊁皮肤瘙痒等,敏感性分析中张妍[19]文献为异质性来源(P =0.65,I 2=0%)㊂见图12㊂图12 不良事件森林图2.5 G R A D E 评价结果大株红景天注射液治疗心衰患者减少L A E D D 的证据质量为中等,改善L V E F ㊁L V E S D ㊁L V E D D ㊁C O ㊁N O ㊁6MWT 等证据为低质量,改善临床总有效率㊁B N P ㊁N T -P r o B N P ㊁h s -C R P ㊁中医症状㊁不良反应等证据为极低质量,见表2㊂631华北理工大学学报(医学版) 2023年3月第25卷第2期J o u r n a l o f N o r t h C h i n a U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y(H e a l t h S c i e n c e s E d i t i o n ),M a r .2023,V o l .25,N o .2Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.表2 大株红景天注射液治疗心衰证据等级概况表证据指标R C T (个)证据质量评价偏倚风险不一致性间接性不精确性发表偏倚样本量(例)观察组对照组效应量(95%C I )证据等级临床总有效率21降一级①不降级不降级降一级③降一级④944/1014765/1013O R=4.42(3.33,5.86)极低L V E F 24降一级①降一级②不降级不降级不降级11601161S M D =1.47(1.15,1.80)低L V E S D9降一级①降一级②不降级不降级不降级420420S M D =-1.03(-1.54,-0.52)低L V E D D 15降一级①降一级②不降级不降级不降级810811S M D =-0.95(-1.24,-0.65)低L A E D D 4降一级①不降级不降级不降级不降级328327M D =-6.17(-7.06,-5.28)中B N P 4降一级①降一级②不降级不降级降一级④161163S M D =-1.62(-2.19,-1.05)极低N T -P r o B N P12降一级①降一级②不降级不降级降一级④544543S M D =-4.14(-5.42,-2.86)极低C O 2降一级①不降级不降级不降级降一级④8787M D =0.38(0.24,0.52)低h s -C R P6降一级①降一级②不降级不降级降一级④231233S M D =-1.34(-1.83,-0.84)极低6MWT 7降一级①不降级不降级不降级降一级④272272M D=29.15(22.98,35.32)低N O3降一级①不降级不降级不降级降一级④139139M D=15.81(11.88,19.74)低中医症状积分1降一级①不降级不降级降一级③降一级④3333M D =-8.74(-10.25,-7.23)极低不良反应事件14降一级①降一级②不降级降一级③降一级④35/76973/768O R=0.73(0.31,1.75)极低注:①随机或分配隐藏不充分,盲法缺失;②各可信区间很窄或无重叠,异质性检验P 值很小,I 2>50%;③效应估计值可信区间宽度;④怀疑可能存在发表偏倚3 讨论心衰一词最早见于宋代的‘圣济总录㊃心脏门“ 心衰则健忘,不足惊悸,恍惚,少颜色,舌本强 ,描述了心衰后神志㊁面色㊁官窍的异常表现,宋代以前可将其归为心痹喘证水肿痰饮等范畴[32],病位以心为主,与肺脾肾等脏器关系密切㊂心主血脉,心气推动血液运行,以输送营养物质到全身脏腑四肢百骸,脉为血之府,心气推动和调控心脏的搏动和脉管的舒缩,以使脉道通利,血流通畅,心气(阳)虚无力推动血液运行致血液瘀阻,‘灵枢㊃经脉“记载手少阴气绝则脉不通,脉不通则血不流 ,可见心气虚致血液瘀阻㊁血脉不通;另外心主生血,即奉心化赤 ,‘血证论“ 火者,心之所主,化生为血液以濡养周身可见,若心火亏虚,可导致血液化生障碍㊂‘素问㊃六节藏象论“ 肺者,气之本 ,肺气虚,导致朝百脉㊁主治节的功能失调,无法助心行血,血脉瘀阻进一步加重㊂脾失运化,健运失司,水湿不化,聚生痰浊,气血乏源㊂肾者主水,心火不足不能下交于肾,使得水液泛滥,停聚心胸体表而出现胸闷㊁喘咳㊁水肿㊁不能平卧等症状,‘内经“中不得卧,卧则喘者,是水气之客也即说明喘咳不得卧是水饮上凌心肺的缘故,‘景岳全书㊃水肿“中凡水肿等证,乃脾肺肾三脏相干之病,盖水为至阴,故其本在肾;水化于气,故其标在肺;水惟畏土,故其制在脾 ,说明水肿与肺㊁脾㊁肾三脏关系密切㊂而病机总属本虚标实,本虚以气虚为主,标实以血瘀为主[33],西医学认为心衰的发病机制为心肌重构㊂红景天具有补益脾气㊁活血化瘀的功效,可见尤适于治疗心衰气虚血瘀证,而大株红景天注射液是红景天经微波协助分离㊁精制㊁膜过滤制成的一种中药制剂[34],主要化学成分是酪醇和红景天甙[35],有研究表明红景天甙通过逆转左心房心肌电重构并抑制心房颤动而治疗心衰,加之G R A D E 评价中该注射液降低L A E D D 为中等质量证据[36],可推测心衰气虚血瘀证并伴有左心房舒张期异常的患者有可能更适合联用大株红景天注射液㊂本次M e t a 分析结果分析:(1)L V E F ㊁L V E S D ㊁L V E D D 的亚组及敏感性分析中,精读全文并核对测量单位㊁研究方法,均未找到异质性来源,间接说明其稳定性高,结论可靠,考虑各临床研究的基础疾病和常规用药不同(美托洛尔㊁前列地尔㊁曲美他嗪㊁左卡尼汀㊁单硝酸异山梨酯)可能会增加异质性㊂(2)研究发现心房颤动增加h s -C R P 水平,二者相辅相成并转化[37],而G R A D E 评级中降低h s -C R P 为极低质量,所以此条评定结果存在不确定性,因此临床上若降低心衰患者高水平的h s -C R P 只可尝试应用此注射液㊂(3)两篇文献提及心衰再发731华北理工大学学报(医学版) 2023年3月第25卷第2期J o u r n a l o f N o r t h C h i n a U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y(H e a l t h S c i e n c e s E d i t i o n ),M a r .2023,V o l .25,N o .2Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.住院,均呈现阳性结果且差异有统计学意义,但因研究方法不同不再做证据总结㊂G R A D E评价:(1)偏倚风险:所有文献均提及遵从随机化原则,但只有13篇文献指出具体随机方法且均未说明是否实施分配隐藏及盲法,所以此条目下的证据均需降级㊂(2)不一致性:L V E F㊁L V E S D㊁L V E D D㊁B N P㊁N T-P r o B-N P㊁h s-C R P等指标异质性检验中P值很小且I2>50%,各可信区间很窄或无重叠区间,故需降级㊂(3)间接性的意义同不一致性,避免重复降级二者择其一㊂(4)不精确性:临床总有效率㊁不良反应㊁中医症状积分等总可信区间较宽,提示为小样本量,需降一级㊂(5)发表偏倚:临床总有效率㊁不良反应㊁B N P㊁N T-P r o B N P㊁6MWT㊁h s-C R P㊁C O㊁N O㊁中医症状积分等漏斗图不完全对称,故降一级㊂局限性:(1)各研究未明确指出指南[1]推荐用药的使用情况,如指南推荐用药沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片的使用与否及联用西药也不尽相同,一定程度削弱证据质量的可靠性㊂(2)随访时间短或缺失导致联合用药的远期观察不够,可削弱其安全性的可信度㊂(3)阳性结果多,阴性结果少或缺失降低了M e t a分析结果的可信度㊂(4)纳入文献未将急慢性心衰分开分析,故大株红景天注射液治疗急慢性心衰界限不明㊂综上所述,联合大株红景天注射液治疗心衰临床总有效率及安全性良好,根据中医基础理论及G R A D E评价结果推测该注射液可能更适合于气虚血瘀型伴左心房舒张期异常的心衰患者,但文献数量及质量有限,G R A D E证据评价普遍为低级或极低级,上述结论存在一定的不稳定性,后期仍需更多高质量㊁多中心㊁大样本㊁设计严谨的国内外研究进一步验证㊂参考文献[1]王华,梁延春.中国心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南2018[J].中华心血管病杂志,2018,46(10):760-789.[2]S m e e t s M,V a e s B,M a m o u r i s P,e t a l.B u r-d e n o f h e a r t f a i l u r e i n f l e m i s h g e n e r a l p r a c-t i c e s:a r e g i s t r y-b a s e d s t u d y i n t h e i n t e g o d a t a-b a s e[J].B M J O p e n,2019,9(1):e22972.[3]T s a o C W,L y a s s A,E n s e r r o D,e t a l.T e m p o-r a l t r e n d s i n t h e i n c i d e n c e o f a n d m o r t a l i t y a s-s o c i a t e d w i t h h e a r t f a i l u r e w i t h p r e s e r v e d a n dr e d u c e d e j e c t i o n f r a c t i o n[J].J A C C H e a r t F a i l, 2018,6(8):678-685.[4]武彩虹.中国心力衰竭流行病学调查及其患病率[J].健康之路,2018,17(1):207.[5]G u y a t t G o r d o n H.,O x m a n A n d r e w D.,V i s tG u n n E.,等.G R A D E:证据质量和推荐强度分级的共识[J].中国循证医学杂志,2009,9(1): 8-11.[6]左茹,孟亚军.大株红景天注射液联合美托洛尔治疗心力衰竭的临床分析[J].健康管理, 2021,13(13):99.[7]陆青竹,洪小娟,曾威.大株红景天注射液联合美托洛尔治疗心力衰竭的临床效果观察[J].临床医学工程,2020,27(11):1463-1464. [8]张志亮,张鑫,高卫芳,等.大株红景天注射液治疗冠心病合并心力衰竭疗效及对患者血清H C Y㊁G a l-3㊁N T-p r o B N P水平的影响[J].分子诊断与治疗杂志,2020,12(5):611-615. [9]黎燕锋,梁长达.大株红景天注射液辅助治疗冠心病心绞痛心衰的效果及对心功能指标和心衰标志物的影响探讨[J].中国实用医药, 2020,15(13):113-115.[10]石永田,王彦增,郭应心,等.大株红景天注射液联合曲美他嗪治疗对缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者心功能的影响[J].饮食保健,2020,7(12):94.[11]雷晓兰,陈俊良,赵鸿.大株红景天注射液联合常规治疗对急性心衰患者血清P A B㊁B N P和h s-C R P水平的影响分析[J].中医临床研究,2019,11(29):9-11.[12]赖晓菁,康峰,张秀菊,等.大株红景天联合前列地尔治疗冠心病心力衰竭的临床研究[J].中西医结合心脑血管病杂志,2019,17(9):1308-1311.[13]许文元.大株红景天注射液联合曲美他嗪片治疗冠心病心力衰竭的疗效观察[J].中国实用医药,2019,14(14):112-114.831华北理工大学学报(医学版)2023年3月第25卷第2期J o u r n a l o f N o r t h C h i n a U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y(H e a l t h S c i e n c e s E d i t i o n),M a r.2023,V o l.25,N o.2Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.[14]李真.大株红景天注射液治疗气虚血瘀型慢性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效观察[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江中医药大学,2019.[15]邵伟华,李秀芩,李绍冰,等.无创阻抗心动图评价大株红景天注射液治疗高龄老年慢性心力衰竭的疗效研究[J].河北中医,2018,40(11): 1642-1646.[16]胡威,易日霞,李朋,等.美托洛尔联合大株红景天注射液治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病心力衰竭临床研究[J].中国药业,2018,27(23): 59-61.[18]王冬松,沈洁,牛孝辉,等.大株红景天注射液联合左卡尼汀治疗冠心病心力衰竭患者对其血清N T p r o B N P及胱抑素C水平的影响[J].中外医疗,2018,37(30):8-10.[19]张妍.大株红景天注射液联合曲美他嗪治疗冠心病心力衰竭的临床研究[J].中国保健营养, 2018,28(23):8.[20]崔灿,赵国安.大株红景天对于冠心病心力衰竭病人心功能影响的临床观察[J].中国保健营养,2018,28(2):83.[21]程帅锋,赵士超,陈岩,等.大株红景天对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及氧化应激反应的临床研究[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2018,18(22): 8-9.[22]陈源,尤海玲,臧清华.大株红景天治疗房颤合并心衰的临床疗效观察[J].中医临床研究, 2017,9(4):85-86.[23]宁小康,王文丽,武向阳,等.大株红景天注射液联合重组人脑利钠肽治疗充血性心力衰竭的临床研究[J].现代药物与临床,2017,32(12): 2339-2343.[24]华翠娥,王达理,王经,等.大株红景天注射液联合曲美他嗪治疗冠心病心力衰竭的临床研究[J].现代药物与临床,2017,32(9):1643-1646.[25]范晔,张曼,郑君君,等.大株红景天注射液联用单硝酸异山梨酯治疗顽固性心力衰竭疗效观察[J].中国药师,2017,20(12):2190-2192.[26]田心,张笑铮,张广平.大株红景天注射液对冠心病心力衰竭临床观察[J].中医临床研究, 2017,9(1):23-24.[27]詹秋璇,赵受伟,詹荷妹.大株红景天治疗冠心病心力衰竭的疗效观察[J].临床医学工程, 2017,24(2):219-220.[28]戚猛.大株红景天注射液配合西药治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的效果分析[J].中国急救医学, 2016,36(z1):153-154.[29]石惠荣,王德伟,赵丹丹,等.大株红景天注射液治疗缺血性心肌病伴心力衰竭的效果及对血清h s C R P㊁V E G F的影响[J].河北医科大学学报,2016,37(2):129-132.[30]金慧,李猛.前列地尔联合大株红景天注射液治疗冠心病心力衰竭疗效观察[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2016,25(31):3518-3519. [31]张雯雯,张明.大株红景天注射液配合西药治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭29例[J].实用中医内科杂志,2011,25(12):33-34.[32]蒋银珂,张琪.中医药治疗心力衰竭研究进展[J].河南中医,2019,39(2):316-320. [33]周仲瑛编.中医内科学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2017.[34]邹志伟.大株红景天注射液临床合理用药分析[J].中国药物评价,2017,34(1):52-54. [35]史才兴,梁水菁,李建璋,等.红景天苷药理作用及其机制研究进展[J].菏泽医学专科学校学报,2021,33(4):67-70.[36]L i u S H,H s i a o YW,C h o n g E,e t a l.R h o d i o l ai n h i b i t s a t r i a l a r r h y t h m o g e n e s i s i n a h e a r t f a i l-u r e m o d e l[J].J C a r d i o v a s c E l e c t r o p h y s i o l, 2016,27(9):1093-1101.[37]R e d d y Y,O b o k a t a M,V e r b r u g g e F H,e t a l.A t r i a l d y s f u n c t i o n i n p a t i e n t s w i t h h e a r t f a i l u r ew i t h p r e s e r v e d e j e c t i o n f r a c t i o n a n d a t r i a l f i-b r i l l a t i o n[J].J A m C o l l C a r d i o l,2020,76(9):1051-1064.931华北理工大学学报(医学版)2023年3月第25卷第2期J o u r n a l o f N o r t h C h i n a U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y(H e a l t h S c i e n c e s E d i t i o n),M a r.2023,V o l.25,N o.2Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.。

BlueTest3 使用向导

5 Chip and Firmware Support for Tests ........................................................................................................... 11
6 Simple Tests ................................................................................................................................................. 12
27 SEP 10
Updates to RXSTART1, RXSTART2, RXDATA1, RXDATA2, BIT ERR1 and BIT ERR2.
14 FEB 11
Descriptions added for new routines BLE TEST TX, BLE TEST RX and BLE TEST
12 6.5 RXSTART1 .......................................................................................................................................... 14 20 6.6 RXSTART2 .......................................................................................................................................... 14 6, Quantitative Tests ......................................................................................................................................... 15 r 1 7.1 Transmission Tests ..................................................................................................................._äìÉ`çêÉ BlueTest3 User Guide

工厂标识牌英文对照

门牌请购清单
规格/型号（大概）
序号
1
楼层
品名
超声成品库 Ultrasonic Equipment FG Warehouse Ultrasonic Equipment Intermediate Goods Warehouse Ultrasonic Others Warehouse
12*30cm
2
超声中间品库
1 1 1
2 2 1 1 1
1
黄色黄色黄色
9 3 3
红色
3
绿色蓝色蓝色
3 4 2
蓝色蓝色蓝色
2 1 1
蓝色蓝色蓝色黄色蓝色
1 1 1 1 2
蓝色
2
1 红色（3 个标识背景做成一致） 1 1
1
1 1 没有半成品库1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1 上银白色下蓝色 1 1
18
女宾更衣室
Women's VIP Changeroom
12*30cm
19
男卫生间
Gentlemen's Room
12*30cm
20
二楼
女卫生间
Ladies' Room
12*30cm
22
检验区
Detect Area
22*40cm
23
退货区
Return Area
22*40cm
24
待检区
Inspection Waiting Area
12*30cm
43
12*30cm
44
12*30cm
45
成品库原材料库真空泵房
FG Warehouse Raw Material Storage Vacuum Pump Room

86V原理图.

Title:IndexTitle:Modify noteSDMMCFRONT CAMERATitle:Block Diagram福州瑞芯微电子有限公司Title:System power diagram Title:DC/ChargeCreate Date:Title:File:System powerWednesday, July 18, 201286V-2926Create Date:Title:File:USB OTGTuesday, November 29, 201186V-2926Create Date:Title:File:DDR3Tuesday, November 09, 201086V-2926Create Date:Title:File:Flash/TF cardThursday, October 14, 201086V-2926Create Date:Title:File:GPIO/POWERMonday, October 18, 201086V-29265 4 3 2 1 1 1 TEST P69 1TEST P70 1 5 4 LOUT ROUT D EC3 6.3V EC4 6.3V22uF +/10% 22uF +/10% R146 R139 22R R0402 22R R0402 LOUT_A ROUT_A P66 TEST 1 1 ED28 PHONE_DET R157 6 3 2 1 J11 2SJ2271 D U1F MCU_RK2926 R137 470R R0402 R138 470R R0402 C165 0.47uF C0402 C171 0.47uF VCCA_33 C0402 NC/SFI0402-120E100NP-LF CODEC CODEC_VCM CODEC_MIC CODEC_AOL CODEC_AOR CODEC_AVDD CODEC_AVSS1 CODEC_AVSS2 132 133 135 137 136 134 138 C154 LOUT ROUT 4.7uF C0603 ED27 NC/SFI0402-120E100NP-LF R197 0R C157 0R MIC_IN NC/100K R0402 1 TEST P68 1 C340 VCCA_33 NC/100pF C155 1uF C0402 OPTION 3 Q31 W NM2016 d te re 2 1 R133 C258 0.1uF C0402 100KR0402 SPK_CTL C HEADPHONE C is RK2926-F 1 P60 TEST 1 1 P61 TEST 1 J25 SPEAK1 1 2 U13 SA9130 nR eg R178 R170 SPK_CTL 100K R0402 47K R0402 PHONE_DET 1 2 3 4 EN BYPASS IN+ INMSOP8 R165 VO2 GND VDD VO1 8 7 6 5 PA_5V C164 100pF C0402 C163 100pF C0402 R1206 MIC B LOUT ROUT R269 27K R286 +/-5% R287 +/-5% 1uF C0402 1/16W C166 0.22uF +/-5% +/10% 10V 20K C159 0.22uF 1/16W +/10% 10V 20K 1/16W C156 B NC VCCA_33 ED37 ED33 NC/SFI0402-120E100NP-LF NC/SFI0402-120E100NP-LF 2 C339 3 1 Q26 SOT23 NC/8050 C160 NC/1uF R195 NC/1M R193 2K2 1uF MIC_IN C161 R192 0R TEST T99 U OPTION PA_5V FB2 C169 0.1uF C0402 C167 10uF/6.3V C0805 BLM18PG181SN1 L0603C168 10uF/6.3V C0805 VSYS 3 NC/100pF 1 SOT23 NC/8050 Q25 1 1 1 2 ED35 1 2C162 0.1uF C152 220pF C0402 R130 47K R0402 MIC3 MIC MIC_4020 2 SPEAKER DRIVER A NC/SFI0402-120E100NP-LF A MIC 福州瑞芯微电子有限公司 Title: File: AUDIO A710_RK2928L_1CELL_V10 Friday, May 04, 2012 Thursday, November 29, 2012 1 REV: 1.1 Page Num: 11 Page Total: 15 Create Date: Modify Date: 5 4 3 25 4 3 2 1 D19 BAT54S SOT23 1 C238 0.1uF 3 C0402 2 C232 1uF/25V C0805R141 2K R0402 VGL -7V C241 0.1uF C0402 2 1 D15 7V D1206 R188 NC R0402LC070LF02CWXXLA 52 VCC_LCD D VGH VCC_LCD R140 C243 1uF/25V C0805 2 C231 0.1uF 3 L14 C0402 22uH IND_4X4 D18 1 R162 +/-5% C245 820K 1/16W 22pF C0402 1N5819 2 SOD123 AVDD 1 C239 1uF/25V C0805 1K R0402 18V 2 C2260.1uF/25V C0603 1 D14 18V D1206 R167 NC R0402 LCDC_CLK R7 22R R0402 LCD_CLK C199 NC C0402 R189 C233 0.1uF C0402 C227 10uF/6.3V C0805 U25 D24 BAT54S SOT23 10K R0402 C237 AVDD 0.1uF C0402 LP3301S/RT9284A 4 6 EN VCC 5 2 OVP GND SOT26 LX FB 1 3 9.6 C230 10uF/10V C0805 C242 1uF/25VC0805 VCC_LCD VCC_LCD VCC_LCD VCC_LCD MODESELECT R179 NC R0402 SHLR L9 10uH/1.5A VSYS D11 IND_4X4 UP6003AMT6 U15 6 C195 4.7uF C0603R160 100K BL_EN R0402 2 4 IN SW 1 5 3 R108 82K R0402 330K R0402 R1174.7R/0603 R0603 R119 4.7R/0603 R0603 LCD_EN LEDR143 10K R0402 C1961uF/25V C0805 1N5819 SOD123 LED+ VCC_IO SOT23 WPM2026 2 3 Q10 C2640.1uF C0402 R201 100K R0402 TEST 1 VCC_LCD 1 P36 1 C te re R185 10K R0402 d R161 120K R0402 R166 10K R0402 R168 NC R0402 R169 10K R0402 R171 10KR0402 DITH UPDN R172 NC R0402 AVDD 2.8 EN SOT26 FB LCDC_BL R82 10KR0402 VCC_IO is R150 330K R0402 R159 C224 0.1uF C0402 R190 30K +/-5% 1/16W C265 1uF C0402 C267 1uF C0402 LCD PANEL CONNECTOR B U1A MCU_RK2926 nR eg BL_EN BL_EN 51 VCOM GND5 GND OV R187 56K R0402 50 49 48 P118 1 DITH 47 R181 P110 TEST 1 1 VCOM 46 TEST 100K P111 TEST 1 45 R0402 44LCD_RST 1 43 C228 AVDD P107 TEST 1 1 42 0.1uF VGL P108 TEST 1 1 C0402 41 VGH P109 TEST 1 1 UPDN 40 P105 TEST 1 1 SHLR 39 P106 TEST 1 38 1 37P104TEST LCD_CLK 1 36 35 34 1 33 LCD_D12 P88 TEST 1 1 32 P19 TESTLCD_D13 1 1 31 LCD_D14 P20 TEST 1 1 30 LCD_D15 P21 TEST 1 TEST 29LCD_D16 P76 1 1 TEST 28 LCD_D17 P87 1 1 27 26 1 25 LCD_D6 P89 TEST 1 1 24 LCD_D7 P90 TEST 1 1 23 LCD_D8 P91 TEST 1 TEST 22 P92 1 LCD_D9 1 TEST 21 LCD_D10 P93 1 1 1 20 LCD_D11 P94 TEST 1 19 18 1 17 P95 TEST LCD_D0 1 1 16LCD_D1 P96 TEST 1 TEST 15 LCD_D2 P97 1 1 TEST 1 14 LCD_D3 P98 1 1 13LCD_D4 P99 TEST 1 1 12 P100TEST LCD_D5 1 11 LCD_HSYNC P101 TEST 1 1 10 LCD_VSYNC P102 TEST 1 1 1 9 LCD_DEN P103TEST 1 1MODESELECT 8 P113 TEST 1 7 VCC_LCD 6 VCOM 1 P114 TEST 1 5 4 LED3 1 P115 TEST 1 2 1 LED+ 1 P116 TEST 1 P112 TEST 1 1 1 1 NC2 NC1 GND3 DITH VCOM1 NC0 RSTB AVDD VGL VGH UPDN SHLR GND2 DCLK GND1 R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 G0 G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 HSD VSD DE MODE DVDD VCOM0 GND0 VLED1VLED0VLED1+ VLED0+ GND4 U28 D C B VCC_IO VCC_TP LCDC Module GPIO2_B0/LCD_DCLK GPIO2_B1/LCD_HSYNC GPIO2_B2/LCD_VSYNC GPIO2_B3/LCD_DEN LCD_D0/LVDS_TX0P LCD_D1/LVDS_TX0NLCD_D2/LVDS_TX1P LCD_D3/LVDS_TX1N LCD_D4/LVDS_TX2PLCD_D5/LVDS_TX2N LCD_D6/LVDS_TX3P LCD_D7/LVDS_TX3NLCD_D8/LVDS_CLKP LCD_D9/LVDS_CLKN GPIO2_B4/LCD_D10GPIO2_B5/LCD_D11 GPIO2_B6/LCD_D12 GPIO2_B7/LCD_D13GPIO2_C0/LCD_D14 GPIO2_C1/LCD_D15 GPIO2_C2/LCD_D16GPIO2_C3/LCD_D17 GPIO2_C4/I2C2_SDA/LCD_D18GPIO2_C5/I2C2_SCL/LCD_D19 LVDS_XRES LVDS_VCC0 LVDS_VCC1 43 42 41 40 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 39 38 37 36 34 33 32 31 30 28 45 46 44 VCC_LCD LCDC_CLK LCD_HSYNC LCD_VSYNC LCD_DEN LCD_D0 LCD_D1 LCD_D2 LCD_D3 LCD_D4 LCD_D5 LCD_D6 LCD_D7 LCD_D8 LCD_D9 LCD_D10LCD_D11 LCD_D12 LCD_D13 LCD_D14 LCD_D15 LCD_D16 LCD_D17 I2C2_SDA I2C2_SCL C214 0.1uF C0402 C213 10uF/6.3V C0805 I2C2_SDA I2C2_SCL TP_INT R114 4K7 R0402 R112 4K7 R0402 R113 NC/4K7 R0402 U VCC_TP R116 TP_RST TP_RST NC R0402 1 P38 TEST 1 1 P54 TEST 1 1 P55 TEST 1 1 P56 TEST 1 1 1 P78 TEST TP_INT I2C2_SDA I2C2_SCL I2C2_SCL R115 10K R0402 TP_RST1 C2220.1uF C0402 Correspondence between LCDC DATA and RGB LCDC_D0 LCDC_D1 LCDC_D2 LCDC_D3 LCDC_D4 LCDC_D5 LCDC_D6 LCDC_D7 LCDC_D8 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 G2 G3 G4 LCDC_D9 LCDC_D10 LCDC_D11 LCDC_D12 LCDC_D13LCDC_D14 LCDC_D15 LCDC_D16 LCDC_D17 G5 G6 G7 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 A 1 P117 TEST GND2 I2C2_SDA I2C2_SCL TP_RST1 TP_INT LCD_EN LCDC_BLTP_INT VCC_TP LCD_EN LCDC_BL TP_INT 1 P77 TEST 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 GND0 NC0 NC1 NC2 NC3 GND1 SDA SCL /SD INT VDD0 VDD1 GND2 GND3 J16 Touch_screen FPC12P_05MM 13 I2C2_SDA I2C2_SCL TP_RST1 TP_INTVCC_TP 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 GND0 NC0 NC1 NC2 NC3 GND1 SDA SCL /SD INT VDD0 VDD1 GND3 J18 Touch_screen fpc12p_05mm 13 A RK2926-A 14 福州瑞芯微电子有限公司 Title: LCD/TP panel REV: 1.1 Page Num:13 Page Total:15 Friday, October 15, 2010 Wednesday, November 28, 2012 1 TOUCH PANEL CONNECTOR 5 4 3 2 File: 86V-2926 Create Date: Modify Date: 145 4 3 2 1 VCC28_CIF I2C1_SCL P71 I2C1_SDA I2C1_SCL I2C1_SDA 1 U1B MCU_RK2926 R177 10K R0402 1 TEST J9 OV2659 CON_05MM_24P VIP Module D 1 P67 TEST 1 1 P37 TEST 1 P39 1 P40 1 P41 1 P42 1 P43 1 VCC28_CIF CIF_PDN1 I2C1_SDA I2C1_SCL CIF_RST CIF_VSYNC CIF_PDN CIF_HREF CIF_D7CIF_CLKOUT CIF_D6 CIF_D5 CIF_CLKIN CIF_D4 CIF_D0 CIF_D3 CIF_D1CIF_D2 CIF_D0 CIF_D1 CIF_D2 CIF_D3 CIF_D4 CIF_D5 CIF_D6 CIF_D7CIF_VSYNC CIF_HREF GPIO3_B3/CIF_PDN CIF_CLKI CIF_CLKO 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 83 80 81 CIF_D0 CIF_D1 CIF_D2 CIF_D3 CIF_D4 CIF_D5 CIF_D6 CIF_D7 CIF_VSYNC CIF_HREF CIF_PDN CIF_CLKI CIF_CLKO CIF_RST C253 0.1uF C0402 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST VCC18_CIF VCC28_CIF P72 1 TEST 1 C255 4.7uF C0603 C256 1uF C0402 C259 4.7uF C0603 1 P44 TEST 1 1 P45 TEST 1 1 P46 TEST 1 P47 1 P48 1 P49 1 P50 1 P51 1 P52 1 P53 1 VCC18_CIFVCC28_CIF 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST CIF_CLKIN CIF_CLKOUT R180 R182 C257 8pF C0402 C te re CIF_CLKI 22R R0402 22RCIF_CLKO R0402 C318 NC C0402 CIF_PDN1 VPLL C263 1uF C0402 R200 Note: 四个器件，根据调试结果，可选择是否NC。

VIP验证应用-详细-AHCI

MMIO Space: Generic Host Control Vendor Specific Port Registers Data Transfer Buffers
Embedded Processor
Queue Arbitration + DMA S/G Mgmt
Config Space + MMIO
CMD List CMD Header CMD Table Received FIS Scatter/Gather Buffers
Host Adaptor PCIe Root Complex nvme_mem_manager
Config Register Access
Command Processing
AXI Master AXI Slave
AXI/AHB Tracker files
PCIe Root Complex
Config + MMIO I/F
AXI Master AXI Slave
SSD Tracker file
AXI Slave AXI Master AXI Slave AXI Master
5.For each implemented port, system software shall allocate memory for and program: - PxCLB and PxCLBU (if CAP.S64A is set to 1) - PxFB and PxFBU (if CAP.S64A is set to 1). It is good practice for system software to zero-out the memory allocated and referenced by PxCLB and PxFB. After setting PxFB and PxFBU to the physical address of the FIS receive area, system software shall set PxCMD.FRE to 1. 6. For each implemented port, clear the PxSERR register, by writing 1s to each implemented bit location. 7. Determine which events should cause an interrupt, and set each implemented ports PxIE register with the appropriate enables. To enable the HBA to generate interrupts, system software must also set GHC.IE to a 1. -> At this point the HBA is in a minimally initialized state.

22B112A(ShadowMoiree)

the JEDEC standards or publications.
The information included in JEDEC standards and publications represents a sound approach to product specification and application, principally from the solid state device manufacturer
JESD22-B108A measures device terminal coplanarity only at room temperature and cannot be used to predict warpage at elevated temperatures. The worst-case warpage may be at room temperature, maximum reflow temperature, or any temperature in-between; consequently, package warpage must be characterized during the entire reflow soldering thermal cycle. Critical engineering evaluations of the package and printed circuit board warpage should be conducted in the laboratory under simulated reflow conditions. For many packages, warpage can change with continued reflow cycles so this measurement should be made and reported for the first reflow cycle.

论文免费查询

中国医院数字图书馆
/kns50/
NAME:chkdkns000 元
云南艺术学院超星 96129本
http://218.194.192.251/index.asp
超星分享
花十块钱可以买到顶级论文的地方我的论文发任务尤其适合艺术类计算机类
/zhubajie917 注册zhubajie网上去发论文任务
:8080/kns50/single_index.aspx 有人数限制！大家用完自觉退出！
ez密码
/login
20500031433597
20500031471787
20500031439388
20500031455376
.au ez密码
https://.au/menu
USCID: 350263397
Last Name: Maris
2 /finder/dbfull.asp?DBID=151
点击Offcampus进入登陆口
密码：testuser / testpass
3 /
Password: testing
/
mcghand/0u8i231
/autologin.cgi
cjf999/friends
SD入口及密码
1、https:///login?url=
Username: lvms
Password: leopards
/pqdweb
Account Name: 4jkwssxrft
Password: welcome
高权限ezproxy期刊
https:///login
/lists/freeart.dtl

国家精品课程导航有很多资源都可以找到

(Nature、ACS、SD多库代理)
[EBSCO]高权限入口
ebscousername:school password:password
权限很高，在medline中搜到文献后，如写有在ebsco中有全文的，
直接点击，然后输入密码就可以看全文了.
因此资源失效挺快的，所以请使用过后发现好用的自己留备份，我们将把更新后的信息加在帖子前面，同时每次也会删除结尾处较旧的一些资源！
6017090101637980
国外资源：

Username: s1003366
Password: password
/Subscription/Default-frameonline3.asp
Username: lvms
中国医院知识仓库密码
/index.htm
dx0592//trqyy
维普VIP密码

账号:nm531密码:131420
维普
/
帐号：nm531
password: rjj733un
/(wf4 ... sp?referrer=default
user name: hjq242zs password: dnm829bz
ebsco密码
/Login
珍贵的万方资源
/index.asp
wfsyqc/zhnew18
密码页资源
/forensics/research.htm
/wjshs/media/media.htm
/经典最新
献给所有需要资料的人----学术网站帐号及密码----大家都是知识分子，请勿修改 - 大智若愚的博客 - 敏思博客敏思首页推荐群组论坛星岛首页新闻

2017年度6月英语六级阅读真命题及答案解析第1套选词填空

2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套选词填空After becoming president of Purdue University in2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no 26 gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to__27__ the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families . After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is "very important" has fallen 28 in the last 5-6 years.Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students' critical thinking skills. Yet like many collegeteachers around the U.S., the faculty remain __29__ that their work as educators can be measured by "learning 30 _ " such as a graduate's ability to investigate and reason. However, the professors need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use __31__ metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantita tive literacy.Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly __32__ earlier studies. The organi zers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.American universities, despite their global 33__ for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are still important, but employers are __34__ advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be __35__ measured, more people will seek higher education—and come out better thinkers.A. accuratelyB. confirmC. demandingD. doubtfulE. drasticallyF. justifyG. monopolized H. outcome I. predominance J. presuming K. reputation L. significantM. signify N. simultaneously O. standardized答案：(26)L. significant(27)F. justify(28)E. drastically(29)D. doubtful(30)H. outcome(31)O. standardized(32)B. confirm(33)K. reputation(34)C. demanding(35)A. accurately2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套仔细阅读2篇Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadlyagree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post theresults of their own labors online.Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequence sat the GenBank repository (库) , and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some500 million objects—but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists haveobjected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did notexist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standardsfor formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide areencouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said inits report that scientists need to "shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as aprivate preserve". Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be publicinformation, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitallyin ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing upto make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, thepractice is not purely altruistic (利他的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibilit y and increased citations. The most successful sharers—those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often---getnoticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets onmultidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has beendownloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanti ng to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. "I'd much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions," she says. "It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible."Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize andlabel files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and betterdisciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.46. What do many researchers generally accept?A. It is imperative to protect scientists' patents.B. Repositories are essential to scientific research.C. Open data sharing is most important to medical science.D. Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.47. What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?A. Opposed.B. Ambiguous.C. Liberal.D. Neutral.48. According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing?A. The fear of massive copying.B. The lack of a research culture.C. The belief that research data is private intellectual property.D. The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.49. What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?A. The ever-growing demand for big data.B. The advancement of digital technology.C. The changing attitude of journals and funders.D. The trend of social and economic development.50. Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing ________.A. is becoming increasingly popularB. benefits sharers and users alikeC. makes researchers successfulD. saves both money and laborPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Macy's reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy's has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories.The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably warm weather. "About 80% of our company's year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to shortfalls (短缺) in cold-weather goods," said chief executive Teny Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the company to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter.However, it's clear that Macy's believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary aberration (偏离) off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The company pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also plans to offer "voluntary separation" packages to 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees.The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early 2016. The company had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be affected. None of the chain's stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed.Macy's has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping. It has plans to open more locations of Macy's Backstage, a newly-developed off-price concept which might help it better compete with ambitious T. J. Maxx. It's also pushing ahead in 2016 with an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters, Macy's hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen its position in the category.One relative bright spot for Macy's during the holiday season was the online channel, where it rang up "double-digit" increases in sales and a 25% increase in the number of orders it filled. That relative strength would be consistent with what was seen in the wilder retail industry during the early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in-store sales plunged over the holiday weekend.51. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.?A. It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar.B. It is a direct result of the global economic recession.C. It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods.D. It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.52. What does Macy's believe about its problems?A. They can be solved with better management.B. They cannot be attributed to weather only.C. They are not as serious in its online stores.D. They call for increased investments.53. In order to cut costs, Macy's decided to ________.A. cut the salary of senior executivesB. relocate some of its chain storesC. adjust its promotion strategiesD. reduce the size of its staff54. Why does Macy's plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016?A. To experiment on its new business concept.B. To focus more on beauty products than clothing.C. To promote sales of its products by lowering prices.D. To be more competitive in sales of beauty products.55. What can we learn about Macy's during the holiday season?A. Sales dropped sharply in its physical stores.B. Its retail sales exceeded those of T. J. Maxx.C. It helped Bluemercury establish its position worldwide.D. It filled its stores with abundant supply of merchandise.Passage one46.D47.A48.C49.C50.BPassage two51.A52.B53.D54.D55.A2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第2套选词填空Half of your brain stays alert and prepared for danger when you sleep in a new place, a study has revealed. This phenomenon is often __26__ to as the "first-night-effect". Researchers from Brown University found that a network in the left hemisphere of the brain "remained more active" than the network in the right side of the brain. Playing sounds into the right ears (stimulating the left hemisphere) of __27__ was more likely to wake them up than if the noises were played into their left ear.It was __28__ observed that the left side of the brain was more active during deep sleep. When the researchers repeated the laboratory experiment on the second and third nights they found the left hemisphere could not be stimulated in the same way during deep sleep. The researchers explained that the study demonstrated when we are in a __29__ environment the brain partly remains alert so that humans can defend themselves against any __30__ danger.The researchers believe this is the first time that the "first-night-effect" of different brain states has been __31__ in humans. It isn't, however, the first time it has ever been seen. Some animal __32__ also display this phenomenon. For example, dolphins, as well as other __33__ animals, shut down one hemisphere of the brain when they go to sleep. A previous study noted that dolphins always __34__ control their breathing. Without keeping the brain active while sleeping, they would probably drown. But, as the human study suggest, another reason for dolphins keeping their eyes open during sleep is that they can look out for __35__ while asleep. It also keeps their physiological processes working.A.ClassifiedB. consciouslyC. dramaticallyD. exoticE. identifiedF. inherentG. marineH. novelI. potential J. predators K. referred L. species M. specifically N. varieties O. volunteers答案(26)K. referred(27)O. volunteers(28)M. specifically(29)H. novel(30)I. potential(31)E. identified(32)L. species(33)G. marine(34)B. consciously(35)J. predators2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第2套仔细阅读2篇Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.We live today indebted to McCardell, Cashin, Hawes, Wilkins, and Maxwell, and other women who liberated American fashion from the confines of Parisian design. Independence came in tying, wrapping, storing, harmonizing, and rationalizing that wardrobe. These designers established the modem dress code, letting playsuits and other active wear outfits suffice for casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and prizing rationalism and versatility in dress, in contradiction to dressing for an occasion or allotment of the day. Fashion in America was logical and answerable to the will of the women who wore it. Implicitly or explicitly, American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was prescriptive and imposed on women, willing or not.In an earlier time, American fashion had also followed the dictates of Paris, or even copied and pirated specific French designs. Designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe, as "modem art" would later be; it was genuinely invented and developed in America. Its designers were not high-end with supplementary lines. The design objective and the business commitment were to sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were chiefly cotton, readily capable of being washed and pressed at home. Closings were simple, practical, and accessible, as the modem woman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers prized resourcefulness and the freedom of women who wore the clothing.Many have argued that the women designers of this time were able to project their own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in justifying apparel (服装) on the basis of utility. If Paris was cast aside, the tradition of beauty was also to some degree slighted. Designer sportswear would have to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a designer's life in designer sportswear was a crude version of this relationship. The consumer was ultimately to be mentioned as well, especially by the likes of Dorothy Shaver, who could point to the sales figures at Lord & Taylor.Could utility alone justify the new ideas of the American designers? Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashion's trivial relationship to the fine arts. What the designers of the American sportswear proved was that fashion is a genuine design art, answering to the demanding needs of service. Of course these practical, insightful designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable clothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression.46. What contribution did the women designers make to American fashion?A. They made some improvements on the traditional Parisian design.B. They formulated a dress code with distinctive American features.C. They came up with a brand new set of design procedures.D. They made originality a top priority in their fashion design.47. What do we learn about American designer sportswear?A. It imitated the European model.B. It laid emphasis on women's beauty.C. It represented genuine American art.D. It was a completely new invention.48. What characterized American designer sportswear?A. Pursuit of beauty.B. Decorative closings.C. Ease of care.D. Fabric quality.49. What occurred in the design of women's apparel in America during the 1930s-40s?A. A shift of emphasis from beauty to utility.B. The emulation of traditional Parisian design.C. A search for balance between tradition and novelty.D. The involvement of more women in fashion design.50. What do we learn about designers of American sportswear?A. They catered to the taste of the younger generation.B. They radically changed people's concept of beauty.C. They advocated equity between men and women.D. They became rivals of their Parisian counterparts.Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Massive rubbish dumps and sprawling landfills constitute one of the more uncomfortable impacts that humans have on wildlife. They have led some birds to give up on migration. Instead offlying thousands of miles in search of food, they make the waste sites their winter feeding grounds.Researchers in Germany used miniature GPS tags to track the migrations of 70 white storks(鹳) from different sites a cross Europe and Asia during the first five months of their lives. Whilemany birds travelled along well-known routes to warmer climates, others stopped short andspent the winter on landfills, feeding on food waste, and the multitudes of insects that thrive on the dumps.In the short-term, the birds seem to benefit from overwintering (过冬) on rubbish dumps. Andrea Flack of the Max Planck Institute found that birds following traditional migration routes were more likely to die than German storks that flew only as far as northern Morocco, and spent the winter there on rubbish dumps. "For the birds it's a very convenient way to get food. There are huge clusters of organic waste they can feed on," said Flack. The meals arenot particularly appetising, or even safe. Much of the waste is discarded rotten meat, mixed inwith other human debris such as plastic bags and old toys."It's very risky. The birds can easily eat pieces of plastic or rubber bands and they can die," said Flack."And we don't know about the long-term consequences. They might eat somethingtoxic and damage their health. We cannot estimate that yet."The scientists tracked white storks from different colonies in Europe and Africa. The Russian, Greek and Polish storks flew as far as South Africa, while those from Spain, Tunisia and Germany flew only as far as the Sahel.Landfill sites on the Iberian peninsula have long attracted local white storks, but all of theSpanish birds tagged in the study flew across the Sahara desert to the western Sahel. Writing inthe journal, the scientists describe how the storks from Germany were clearly affected by thepresence of waste sites, with four out of six birds that survived for at least five months over wintering on rubbish dumps in northern Morocco, instead of migrating to the Sahel.Flack said it was too early to know whether the benefits of plentiful food outweighed the risksof feeding on landfills. But that's not the only uncertainty. Migrating birds affect eco systems both at home and at their winter destinations, and disrupting the traditional routes could haveunexpected side effects. White storks feed on locusts (蝗虫) and other insects that can become pests if their numbers get out of hand. "They provide a useful service," said Flack.51. What is the impact of rubbish dumps on wildlife?A. They have forced white storks to search for safer winter shelters.B. They have seriously polluted the places where birds spend winter.C. They have accelerated the reproduction of some harmful insects.D. They have changed the previous migration habits of certain birds.52. What do we learn about birds following the traditional migration routes?A. They can multiply at an accelerating rate.B. They can better pull through the winter.C. They help humans kill harmful insects.D. They are more likely to be at risk of dying.53. What does Andrea Flack say about the birds overwintering on rubbish dumps?A. They may end up staying there permanently.B. They may eat something harmful.C. They may evolve new feeding habits.D. They may have trouble getting adequate food.54. What can be inferred about the Spanish birds tagged in the study?A. They gradually lose the habit of migrating in winter.B. They prefer rubbish dumps far away to those at home.C. They are not attracted to the rubbish dumps on their migration routes.D. They join the storks from Germany on rubbish dumps in Morocco.55. What is scientists' other concern about white storks feeding on landfills?A. The potential harm to the ecosystem.B. The genetic change in the stork species.C. The spread of epidemics to their homeland.D. The damaging effect on bio-diversity.Passage one46.B47.D48.C49.A50.CPassage two51.D52.D53.B54.C55.A2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第3套选词填空Let's all stop judging people who talk to themselves. New research says that those who can't seem tokeep their inner monologues (独白) in are actually more likely to stay on task, remain __26__ better and show improved perception capabilities. Not bad, really, for some extra muttering.According to a series of experiments published in theQuarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology by professors Gary Lupyan and Daniel Swignley, the act of using verbal clu es to __27__ mental pictures helps people function quicker.In one experiment, they showed pictures of various objects to twenty __28__ and asked themto find just one of those, a banana. Half were __29__ to repeat out loud what they were lookingfor and the other half kept their lips __30__. Those who talked to themselves found the banana slightly faster than those who didn't, the researchers say. In other experiments, Lupyan andSwignley found that __31__ the name of a common product when on the hunt for it helpedquicken someone's pace, but talking about uncommon items showed no advantage and slowed you down.Common research has long held that talking themselves through a task helps children learn, although doing so when you've __32__ matured is not a great sign of __33__. The two professors hope to refute that idea, __34__ that just as when kids walk themselves through aprocess, adults can benefit from using language not just to communicate, but also to help"augment thinking".Of course, you are still encouraged to keep the talking at library tones and, whatever you do, keep the information y ou share simple, like a grocery list. At any __35__, there's still such a thing as too much information.A. apparentlyB. arroganceC. brillianceD. claimingE. dedicatedF. focusedG. incurH. instructedI. obscurely J. sealed K. spectators L. trigger M. uttering N. volume O. volunteers(26)F. focused(27)L. trigger(28)O. volunteers(29)H. instructed(30)J. sealed(31)M. uttering(32)A. apparently(33)C. brilliance(34)D. claiming(35)N. volume2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第3套仔细阅读2篇Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Tennessee's technical and community colleges will not outsource (外包) management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus.In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each campus' spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state. Morgan said those findings—which included data from the system's 13 community colleges, 27 technical colleges and six universities—were part of the decision not to move forward with Governor Bill Haslam's proposal to privatize management of state buildings in an effort to save money."While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel any adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial," Morgan wrote to the presidents. "System institutions are operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising the question of the value of pursuing a broad scale outsourcing initiative."Worker's advocates have criticized Haslam's plan, saying it would mean some campus workers would lose their jobs or benefits. Haslam has said colleges would be free to opt in or out of the out souring plan, which has not been finalized.Morgan notified the Haslam administration of his decision to opt out in a letter sent last week. That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the plan, was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal in Memphis.In an email statement from the state's Office of Customer Focused Government, which is examining the possibility of outsourcing, spokeswoman Michelle R. Martin said officials were still working to analyze the data from the Board of Regents. Data on management expenses at the college system and in other state departments will be part of a "business justification" the state will use as officials deliberate the specifics of an outsourcing plan."The state's facilities management project team is still in the process of developing its business justification and expects to have that completed and available to the public at the end of February," Martin said. "At this time there is nothing to take action on since the analysis has yet to be completed."Morgan's comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month that he has come out against one of Haslam's plans for higher education in Tennessee. Morgan said last week that he would retire at the end of January because of the governor's proposal to split off six universities of the Board of Regents system and create separate governing boards for each of them. In his resignation letter, Morgan called the reorganization "unworkable".46. What do we learn about the decision of technical and community colleges in Tennessee?A. It is backed by a campus spending analysis.B. It has been flatly rejected by the governor.C. It has neglected their faculty's demands.D. It will improve their financial situation.47. What does the campus spending analysis reveal?A. Private companies play a big role in campus management.B. Facilities management by colleges is more cost-effective.C. Facilities management has greatly improved in recent years.D. Colleges exercise foil control over their own financial affairs.48. Workers' supporters argue that Bill Haslam's proposal would _________.A. deprive colleges of the right to manage their facilitiesB. make workers less motivated in performing dutiesC. render a number of campus workers joblessD. lead to the privatization of campus facilities49. What do we learn from the state spokeswoman's response to John Morgan's decision?A. The outsourcing plan is not yet finalized.B. The outsourcing plan will be implemented.C. The state officials are confident about the outsourcing plan.D. The college spending analysis justifies the outsourcing plan.50. Why did John Morgan decide to resign?A. He had lost confidence in the Tennessee state government.B. He disagreed with the governor on higher education policies.C. He thought the state's outsourcing proposal was simply unworkable.D. He opposed the governor's plan to reconstruct the college board system.Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Beginning in the late sixteenth century, it became fashionable for young aristocrats to visit Paris, Venice, Florence, and above all, Rome, as the culmination (终极) of their classical education. Thus was born the idea of the Grand Tour, a practice which introduced Englishmen, Germans, Scandinavians, and also Americans to the art and culture of France and Italy for the next 300 years. Travel was arduous and costly throughout the period, possible only for a privileged class—the same that produced gentlemen scientists, authors, antique experts, and patrons of the arts.The Grand Tourist was typically a young man with a thorough grounding in Greek and Latin literature as well as some leisure time, some means, and some interest in art. The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered the field of art history with his comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture; he was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome. Most Grand Tourists, however, stayed for briefer periods and set out with less scholarly intentions, accompanied by a teacher or guardian, and expected to return home with souvenirs of their travels as well as an understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to great masterpieces.London was a frequent starting point for Grand Tourists, and Paris a compulsory destination; many traveled to the Netherlands, some to Switzerland and Germany, and a very few adventurers to Spain, Greece, or Turkey. The essential place to visit, however, was Italy. The British traveler Charles Thompson spoke for many Grand Tourists when in 1744 he described himself as "being impatiently desirous of viewing a country so famous in history, a country which once gave laws to the world, and which is at present the greatest school of music and painting, contains the noblest productions of sculpture and architecture, and is filled with cabinets of rarities, and collections of all kinds of historical relics". Within Italy, the great focus was Rome, whose ancient ruins and more recent achievements were shown to every Grand Tourist. Panini's Ancient Rome and Modem Rome represent the sights most prized, including celebrated Greco-Roman statues and views of famous ruins, fountains, and churches. Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the close of the eighteenth century, Grand Tourists often saw paintings and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections, and many were eager to acquire examples of Greco-Roman and Italian art for their own collections. In England, where architecture was increasingly seen as an aristocratic pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of Palladio in the Veneto and the evocative (唤起回忆的) ruins of Rome to their own country houses and gardens.51. What is said about the Grand Tour?A. It was fashionable among young people of the time.B. It was unaffordable for ordinary people.C. It produced some famous European artists.D. It made a compulsory part of college education.52. What did Grand Tourists have in common?A. They had much geographic knowledge.B. They were courageous and venturesome.C. They were versed in literature and interested in art.D. They had enough travel and outdoor-life。

ASTM D5766-2002 Open Hole Tensile Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

Designation:D5766/D5766M–02aStandard Test Method forOpen Hole Tensile Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates1This standard is issued under theﬁxed designation D5766/D5766M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1This test method determines the open hole tensile strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite lami-nates reinforced by high-modulusﬁbers.The composite mate-rial forms are limited to continuous-ﬁber or discontinuous-ﬁber (tape or fabric,or both)reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction.The range of acceptable test laminates and thick-nesses are described in8.2.1.1.2The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;therefore,each system must be used independently of the bining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:D792Test Methods for Density and Speciﬁc Gravity(Rela-tive Density)of Plastics by Displacement2D883Terminology Relating to Plastics2D2584Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins3D2734Test Methods for V oid Content of Reinforced Plas-tics3D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials4D3171Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials4D3878Terminology for Composite Materials4E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-ing5E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods6E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics6E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method6E1309Guide for Identiﬁcation of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases4E1434Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases4E1471Guide for Identiﬁcation of Fibers,Fillers and Core Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases4 3.Terminology3.1Deﬁnitions—Terminology D3878deﬁnes terms relating to high-modulusﬁbers and their composites.Terminology D883deﬁnes terms relating to plastics.Terminology E6 deﬁnes terms relating to mechanical testing.Terminology E456and Practice E177deﬁne terms relating to statistics.In the event of a conﬂict between terms,Terminology D3878 shall have precedence over the other standards.3.2Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard::N OTE1—If the term represents a physical quantity,its analytical dimensions are stated immediately following the term(or letter symbol)in fundamental dimension form,using the following ASTM standard sym-bology for fundamental dimensions,shown within square brackets:[M] for mass,[L]for length,[T]for time,[u]for thermodynamic temperature, and[nd]for non-dimensional e of these symbols is restricted to analytical dimensions when used with square brackets,as the symbols may have other deﬁnitions when used without the brackets.3.2.1nominal value,n—a value,existing in name only, assigned to a measurable property for the purpose of conve-nient designation.Tolerances may be applied to a nominal value to deﬁne an acceptable range for the property.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05on Structural Test Methods.Current edition approved Dec.10,2002.Published February2003.Originally approved st previous edition approved in2002as D5766/D5766M–02.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol08.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol08.02. 4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol15.03.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol03.01.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol14.02. 1Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.3.2.2principal material coordinate system,n—a coordinate system with axes that are normal to the planes of symmetry inherent to a material.3.2.2.1Discussion—Common usage,at least for Cartesian axes(123,xyz,and so forth),generally assigns the coordinate system axes to the normal directions of planes of symmetry in order that the highest property value in a normal direction(for elastic properties,the axis of greatest stiffness)would be1or x,and the lowest(if applicable)would be3or z.Anisotropic materials do not have a principal material coordinate system due to the total lack of symmetry,while,for isotropic materials, any coordinate system is a principal material coordinate system.In laminated composites the principal material coordi-nate system has meaning only with respect to an individual orthotropic lamina.The related term for laminated composites is“reference coordinate system.”3.2.3reference coordinate system,n—a coordinate system for laminated composites used to deﬁne ply orientations.One of the reference coordinate system axes(normally the Carte-sian x-axis)is designated the reference axis,assigned a position,and the ply principal axis of each ply in the laminate is referenced relative to the reference axis to deﬁne the ply orientation for that ply.3.2.4specially orthotropic,adj—a description of an ortho-tropic material as viewed in its principal material coordinate system.In laminated composites,a specially orthotropic lami-nate is a balanced and symmetric laminate of the[0i/90j]ns family as viewed from the reference coordinate system,such that the membrane-bending coupling terms of the laminate constitutive relation are zero.3.3Symbols:3.3.1A—cross-sectional area of a specimen.3.3.2CV—coefficient of variation statistic of a sample population for a given property(in percent).3.3.3D—hole diameter.3.3.4h—specimen thickness.3.3.5n—number of specimens per sample population.3.3.6N—number of plies in laminate under test.3.3.7F x OHTu—ultimate open hole(notched)tensile strength in the test direction.3.3.8P max—maximum load carried by test specimen prior to failure.3.3.9s n−1—standard deviation statistic of a sample popula-tion for a given property.3.3.10w—specimen width.3.3.11x i—test result for an individual specimen from the sample population for a given property.3.3.12x¯—mean or average(estimate of mean)of a sample population for a given property.3.3.13s—normal stress.4.Summary of Test Method4.1A uniaxial tension test of a balanced,symmetric lami-nate is performed in accordance with Test Method D3039/ D3039M,although with a centrally located hole.Edge-mounted extensometer displacement transducers are optional. Ultimate strength is calculated based on the gross cross-sectional area,disregarding the presence of the hole.While the hole causes a stress concentration and reduced net section,it is common aerospace practice to develop notched design allow-able strengths based on gross section stress to account for various stress concentrations(fastener holes,free edges,ﬂaws, damage,and so forth)not explicitly modeled in the stress analysis.4.2The only acceptable failure mode for ultimate open-hole tensile strength is one which passes through the hole in the test specimen.5.Signiﬁcance and Use5.1This test method is designed to produce notched tensile strength data for structural design allowables,material speci-ﬁcations,research and development,and quality assurance. Factors that inﬂuence the notched tensile strength and should therefore be reported include the following:material,methods of material fabrication,accuracy of lay-up,laminate stacking sequence and overall thickness,specimen geometry,specimen preparation(especially of the hole),specimen conditioning, environment of testing,specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing,void content,and volume percent reinforce-ment.Properties that may be derived from this test method include the following:5.1.1Open hole(notched)tensile strength(OHT).6.Interferences6.1Hole Preparation—Due to the dominating presence of the notch,and the lack of need to measure the material response,results from this test method are relatively insensitive to parameters that would be of concern in an unnotched tensile property test.However,since the notch dominates the strength, consistent preparation of the hole,without damage to the laminate,is important to meaningful results.Damage caused by hole preparation will affect strength results.Some types of damage,such as delaminations,can blunt the stress concentra-tion because of the hole,increasing the load-carrying capacity of the specimen and the calculated strength.6.2Geometry—Results are affected by the ratio of specimen width to hole diameter;this ratio should be maintained at6, unless the experiment is investigating the inﬂuence of this ratio.Results may also be affected by the ratio of hole diameter to thickness;the preferred ratio is the range from1.5to3.0 unless the experiment is investigating the inﬂuence of this ratio.6.3Material Orthotropy—The degree of laminate orthot-ropy strongly affects the failure mode and measured OHT strength.Valid OHT strength results should only be reported when appropriate failure modes are observed,in accordance with11.4.6.4Thickness Scaling—Thick composite structures do not necessarily fail at the same strengths as thin structures with the same laminate orientation(that is,strength does not always scale linearly with thickness).Thus,data gathered using this test method may not translate directly into equivalent thick-structure properties.6.5Other—Additional sources of potential data scatter in testing of composite materials are described in Test Method D3039/D3039M.7.Apparatus7.1Apparatus shall be in accordance with Test Method D 3039/D 3039M.Additionally,a micrometer or gage capable of determining the hole diameter to 60.025mm [60.001in.]is required.8.Sampling and Test Specimens8.1Sampling —Sampling shall be in accordance with Test Method D 3039/D 3039M.8.2Geometry —The specimen geometry shall be in accor-dance with Test Method D 3039/D 3039M,as modiﬁed by the following,and illustrated by the schematic of Fig.1.Any variation of the stacking sequence,specimen width or length,or hole diameter from that speciﬁed shall be clearly noted in the report.8.2.1Stacking Sequence —The standard tape and fabric laminates shall have multidirectional ﬁber orientations (ﬁbers shall be oriented in a minimum of two directions),and balanced and symmetric stacking sequences.Nominal thick-ness shall be 2.5mm [0.10in.],with a permissible range of 2to 4mm [0.080to 0.160in.],inclusive.Fabric laminates containing satin-type weaves shall have symmetric warp sur-faces,unless otherwise noted in the report.N OTE 2—Typically a [45i /-45i /0j /90k ]ms tape or [45i /0j ]ms fabric lami-nate should be selected such that a minimum of 5%of the ﬁbers lay in each of the four principal orientations.This laminate design has been found to yield the highest likelihood of acceptable failure modes.8.2.2Dimensions —The width of the specimen is 3661mm [1.5060.05in.]and the length range is 200to 300mm [8.0to 12.0in.].The notch consists of a centrally located hole,660.06mm [0.25060.003in.]in diameter,centered by length to within 0.12mm [0.005in.]and by width to within 0.05mm [0.002in.].While tabs may be used,they are not required and generally not needed,since the open hole acts as sufficient stress riser to force failure in the notched region.8.3Specimen Preparation —Special care shall be taken to ensure that creation of the specimen hole does not delaminate or otherwise damage the material surrounding the hole.Holes should be drilled undersized and reamed to ﬁnal dimensions.Record and report the specimen hole preparation methods.Other specimen preparation techniques and requirements are noted in Test Method D 3039/D 3039M.9.Calibration9.1Calibration shall be in accordance with Test Method D 3039/D 3039M.10.Conditioning10.1Conditioning shall be in accordance with Test Method D 3039/D 3039M.11.Procedure11.1Parameters To Be Speciﬁed Prior to Test :11.1.1The tension specimen sampling method,specimen type and geometry,and conditioning travelers (if required).11.1.2The tensile properties and data reporting format desired.N OTE 3—Determine speciﬁc material property,accuracy,and data reporting requirements prior to test for proper selection of instrumentation and data recording equipment.Estimate the specimen strength to aid in transducer selection,calibration of equipment,and determination of equipment settings.11.1.3The environmental conditioning test parameters.11.1.4If performed,extensometry requirements and related calculations.11.1.5If performed,the sampling method,specimen geom-etry,and test parameters used to determine density and reinforcement volume.11.2General Instructions :11.2.1Report any deviations from this test method,whether intentional or inadvertent.11.2.2If speciﬁc gravity,density,reinforcement volume or void volume are to be reported then obtain these samples from the same panels being tension tested.Speciﬁc gravity and density may be evaluated by means of Test Methods D 792.V olume percent of the constituents may be evaluated by one of the matrix digestion procedures of Test Method D 3171,or,for certain reinforcement materials such as glass and ceramics,by the matrix burn-off technique of Test Method D 2584.The void content equations of Test Methods D 2734are applicable to both Test Method D 2584and the matrix digestion procedures.11.2.3Condition the specimens as required.Store the speci-mens in the conditioned environment until test time,if the test environment is different than the conditioning environment.11.2.4Following any conditioning,but before the tensile testing,measure and report the specimen hole diameter totheFIG.1Schematic of Open Hole Tension TestSpecimennearest 0.025mm [0.001in.].Inspect the hole and areas adjacent to the hole for delaminations.Report the location and size of any delaminations found.Perform other measurements in accordance with Test Method D 3039/D 3039M.11.3Tensile Testing —Perform other measurements,and the tension test of the laminate specimen,in accordance with the Procedure section of Test Method D 3039/D 3039M.If strain response local to the hole is to be determined,attach either one or two extensometers to the specimen edge(s)ensuring the hole is located within the extensometer gage section.11.4Failure Modes —Failures that do not occur at the hole are not acceptable failure modes and the data shall be noted as invalid.The failure is often heavily inﬂuenced by delamination and the failure mode may exhibit much delamination.Three-place failure mode descriptors for these modes,following those given in Test Method D 3039/D 3039M and summarized in Table 1,shall be used.This notation uses the ﬁrst place to describe failure type,the second to describe failure area,and the last to describe failure location.Failure mode codes for valid tests for this test method are limited to *GM,where the second and third place holders are limited to “Gage Middle.”The ﬁrst place holder would normally be either L for Lateral,A for Angled,or M for Multi-mode.Fig.2illustrates these three acceptable failure modes.The mode of failure may be found to vary on different sides of the hole.12.Validation12.1Values for ultimate properties shall not be calculated for any specimen that breaks at some obvious ﬂaw,unless such ﬂaw constitutes a variable being studied.Retests shall be performed for any specimen on which values are not calcu-lated.12.2A signiﬁcant fraction of failures in a sample population occurring away from the center hole shall be cause to re-examine the means of load introduction into the material.Factors considered should include the grip pressure,grip alignment,and specimen thickness taper.13.Calculation13.1Ultimate Strength —Calculate the ultimate open hole tensile strength using Eq 1and report the results to three signiﬁcant ﬁgures.F xOHTu 5P max /A (1)where:F x OHTu =ultimate open hole tensile strength,MPa [psi],P max =maximum load prior to failure,N [lbf],and A=gross cross-sectional area (disregarding hole)from Test Method D 3039/D 3039M,mm 2[in.2].N OTE 4—The hole diameter is ignored in the strength calculation;the gross cross-sectional area is used.13.2Width to Diameter Ratio —Calculate the actual width to diameter ratio,as shown in Eq 2.Report both the nominal ratio calculated using nominal values and the actual ratio calculated with measured dimensions.w /D ratio 5wD(2)where:w =width of specimen across hole,mm [in.],and D =diameter of hole,mm [in.].13.3Diameter to Thickness Ratio —Calculate the actual diameter to thickness ratio,as shown in Eq 3.Report both the nominal ratio calculated using nominal values and the actual ratio calculated with measured dimensions.D /h ratio 5Dh(3)where:D =diameter of hole,mm [in.],andh =specimen thickness near hole,mm [in.].13.4Percent Bending —If two edge-mounted extensometers are used,edgewise percent bending may be calculated in accordance with Test Method D 3039/D 3039M.13.5Statistics —For each series of tests calculate the aver-age value,standard deviation,and coefficient of variation (in percent)for each property determined:x ¯5~(i 51n x i !/n(4)s n 215Œ~(i 51nx i 22nx¯2!/~n 21!(5)CV 51003s n 21/x ¯(6)where:x ¯=sample mean (average),s n −1=sample standard deviation,CV =sample coefficient of variation,in percent,n =number of specimens,and x i=measured or derived property.14.Report14.1The report shall include all appropriate parameters in accordance with Test Method D 3039/D 3039M,making use of Guides E 1309,E 1471,and E 1434.14.2In addition,the report shall include the following information,or references pointing to other documentation containing this information,to the maximum extent applicable (reporting of items beyond the control of a given testing laboratory,such as might occur with material details or panel fabrication parameters,shall be the responsibility of the re-questor):TABLE 1Three-Place Failure Mode CodesFirst Character Second Character Third Character Failure Type Code Failure Area Code Failure Location Code Angled A Inside grip/tab I Bottom B edgeDelamination D At grip/tab A Top T Grip/tab G <1W from grip/tab W Left L Lateral LGageG Right R Multi-mode M(xyz)Multiple areas M Middle M long.Splitting S Various V Various V eXplosive X UnknownUUnknownUOtherO14.2.1The revision level or date of issue of this test method.14.2.2Any variations to this test method,anomalies noticed during testing,or equipment problems occurring during testing.14.2.3Nominal width to diameter ratio,and actual width to diameter ratio for each specimen.14.2.4Nominal diameter to thickness ratio and actual diam-eter to thickness ratio for each specimen.14.2.5Individual ultimate open hole tensile strengths and average value,standard deviation,and coefficient of variation (in percent)for the population.14.2.6Extensometer type,stress-strain curves,tabulated stress versus strain data,or percent bending versus load or head displacement,or combination thereof,for each specimen so evaluated.14.2.7Failure mode and location of failure for each speci-men.15.Precision and Bias15.1Round-Robin Results—A round robin for precision data was conducted on this test method in1989.Nine labora-tories participated in the evaluation of three material systems from three different material suppliers,using quasi-isotropic laminates.Each laboratory tested at ambient laboratory condi-tions a randomly distributed sample of5specimens of each material type,prepared by the material supplier,using a loading rate of0.05in./min.All specimens were untabbed,and gripping methods among the laboratories varied.The conductof the round-robin deviated from this test method in two respects:thickness was measured via a double-ball micrometer, and material moisture content was not controlled.The average results for each laboratory are listed in Table2.15.2Precision:15.2.1The precision is deﬁned as a95%conﬁdence inter-val,which can be expressed two ways.Practice E691suggests that for this degree of conﬁdence the maximum differencebetween an individual observation and the average should be within2.0standard deviations,while the maximum difference between any two observations should be within2.8standard deviations.For brevity,only the magnitude of the latter is reported;the former can be derived from the latter.Two types of precision can also be deﬁned:within-laboratory(the repeat-ability)or between-laboratory(the reproducibility);both of which are reported.15.2.2The within-laboratory conditions were essentially single-operator,one-day,same-apparatus conditions,during which time neither the apparatus nor environment was likely to change appreciably.15.2.3The results,summarized in Table3indicate that this test method is relatively insensitive to minor variations in testing practices,but is sensitive to material type.15.3Bias—Bias cannot be determined for this test method as no acceptable reference standard exists.16.Keywords16.1composite materials;open hole tensile strength;ten-sion testingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed everyﬁve years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@(e-mail);or through the ASTM website().。

智威汤逊品牌全行销规划

智威湯遜品牌全行銷規劃:MAZDA时间：2005-9-1618:08:34来源：顶尖文案阅读455次Where Are We?1.MAZDA代表日本現代精緻人文的精神2.台灣車廠已達坐五望四搶三的重要地位3.國產中型房車市場缺乏重點強勢車款五大重點發現市場發現•中型房車市場上久久不見新車款•現行車款多已進產品週期尾聲傳播發現•各車款從過往家庭訴求，漸漸轉變為個人訴求•品牌未有一致性的經營品牌發現優勢點：•MAZDA品牌好感度僅次於Toyota劣勢點：•售後服務品質不佳消費者發現•不想失去自由，也無法接受一陳不變的生活，要有變化•在資訊爆炸、多元價值的社會下成長，沒有特定的價值標準•追求生活質感，設計感客戶發現•配合Mazda3上市，MAZDA更一併實施下列計畫：重金翻新全省展示間業務人員增加訂定銷售及售後服務個人化標準流程定期施行秘密客監督探訪活動這不單只是一般車款上市活動更代表MAZDA Taiwan全新的里程碑Where Could We Be?How Do We Get There?挑戰整合性傳播大業Teaser Communication ActivityVIP Launch Party6/26（六）北區—微風廣場市民大道停車場7/3（六）中區—Tiger City停車場7/10（六）南區—大遠百廣場效益擠爆現場!!每場觸及人潮超過3萬人次三場累計超過10萬人次!!Outdoor挑戰視覺--戶外投影請見牆壁四周想像，當你開車經過泰山交流道，發現四週的山壁上，出現了….巨大的MAZDA Logo…!!!充氣式汽球--紐約紐約購物中心Thematic Communication ActivityMazda3全省走透透活力鑑賞會：8/7至10/2,每週六、日,全省共計:14場活動效益：以平均值而言，每一場次活動參與人潮至少達3,000人次以上。

估計總人數超過42,000人次以上Mazda3威廉瓊斯盃國際籃球邀請賽球場室內廣告球場戶外牆面廣告活動效益觀賽球迷共計36,400人新聞報導：兩個禮拜共計14,999秒，相當於30“TVC for500spots平面報導共計518則網路：各大入口網站更有大幅球賽報導Mazda3on3籃球鬥牛賽活動效益◎全省超過300支隊伍參加比賽，現場湧入超過2,000人次參觀，擠爆球場◎眾多體育線、汽車線記者及職藍球員周俊三等..皆相繼加入戰局，為瓊斯盃炒熱氣氛公關效益◎Mazda3的報導從04年9月~12月報紙報導143篇◎雜誌報導111篇◎網路報導54篇◎電視報導12則◎共計320篇大幅報導經銷商Up!Up!Up!業務人數增加：500至700◎展示間擴點：49至56◎銷售流程標準化◎服務流程標準化◎展示間／服務廠全面昇級破紀錄的宣傳效果上市前預接定單高達2,500張◎上市來店客10,378人◎如今訂購至少要等4個月◎上市期間，Mazda單月市佔率7.5%創歷史新高◎04年市佔率提升至5.1%智威湯遜品牌全行銷規劃:LUX时间：2005-9-1618:07:38来源：顶尖文案阅读392次Where Are We?行銷目標◎自從2002年五月re-launch之後，伴隨更好的配方和兩支TVC，使市佔率增加到9.8%，排名第二◎雖然有吸引力，卻與其他一般品牌沒有差別，保養/美化的訊息也很薄弱五大重點發現1.市場發現染燙造型盛行，消費者對修護受損髮質的需求增加2.傳播發現3.品牌發現優勢點∙品牌定位明顯—麗仕是巨星的品牌劣勢點：∙歷史久遠，以致於讓人覺得是老一輩的品牌4..消費者發現Who are they?∙20–35歲女性;主要是曾經使用過LSR但目前沒有使用者和非使用者What do they stand for?(Social Identity Needs)∙出眾的上等地位∙有好的品味，追求高品質∙高雅、有教養、有格調How do they express themselves?(Expressive Needs)∙有自信，知道自己想要什麼∙有能力，能做出必須的作為∙沉著的，了解並能掌控全局How do they feel after shampooing?(Gratification Needs)∙因她們聰明的選擇而被認為有眼光∙對於自己高品質的選擇感到自信4.客戶發現在2004年九月會以新的產品概念、配方（葡萄多酚）、香味和包裝re-launchWhat single-minded response do we want from this advertising?她們應相信因為獨特的葡萄多酚成分，LSR能對受損頭髮提供更上等的修護，使頭髮柔亮因此願意立刻嘗試使用。

维普等VIP密码

1.维普VIP密码账号:nm531密码:1314202.维普/帐号：nm531密码：1314203.免费万方入口http://218.69.114.37/wf/cddb/cddbft.htm4.比较好的ibrary/libweb/elib/do/loginUser Name: 68-13313Password: bigchalk5.高权限ezproxy期刊219760000025156.万方硕博论文全文从1977年到2004年,免费下载http://218.69.114.37/wf/cddb/cddbft.htm7.国外硕博论文全文下载（这个可是重量级的！)快速检索地/theses/etd-search.html按作者名检/theses/browse/by_author/按系（专业）检索/theses/browse/by_departmentki全库，非常好用/用户名：dx0031密码：lhtsjy9.一些可用的cnki全文数据库/index.htm用户名及密码sypbxy/sypbxybjyyys/bjyyysK10129/gyzyjshljhd/hljhdhun /sr2015nj0084b /zjswdxsipo339/sipo339sh0118/cnqtsgxinfei/xinfeincyzys/ncyzyssyscsz/syscsz10.万方数据库http://218.69.114.37/wf/cddb/cddbft.htm可查期刊库:85/szhqk/index.htmlki全库，非常好用/用户名：dx0031密码：lhtsjy12.数据库网用户名：bsd228 登录密码：bsd22813.维普：http://210.34.157.60:8086/免输用户名和密码,系统已默认为guest,也不要点击"登录"按钮.可直接检索和下载http://202.98.130.214:1011/index.asp用户名：sss 密码：sss06选择一个结点，在页面上点击帐号：fjnl 口令：fjnl2005西南节点可以使用14.中国博硕论文全文数据库/NewWeb/用户名/密码：cdzwys/cdzwys/newweb/帐号：syfqxy密码：syfqxyKI全文博硕论文库/index.htm用户名/密码heb/jc741216.万方帐号/wfdhlg/34400017.万方资源（在弹出窗口中，输入密码）/wjly/wjlyki（如果出现最大人数已满，请进入镜象地址）全库yszh/yszh bjyyys/bjyyys cdzwys/cdzwys syzjhz/syzjhz ncyzys/ncyzys syycxy/syycxy K10129/gyzyjs cqkcsy/cqkcsy sypbxy/sypbxy部分库ycssgz/ycssgz tzslgz/tzslgz万方数据库/wjly/wjly/wfdhlg/344000维普帐户http://202.98.130.214:1011/index.aspsss/sss06维普---直接登陆入口http://210.34.157.60:8086/中国权威经济论文库http://203.207.228.101用户名:xjcjxy密码:xjcjxy清华CNKI全能资源/index.htmsypbxy/sypbxyCNKI期刊、博硕通库、全库密码/index.htmszxxys / szxxys可用的apabi读书卡user51173/7yu2ui武汉大学图书馆http://202.114.65.40/journal/default_new.asp进入后选择科目，点击期刊，选择中国期刊网即可. 清华CNKI全能资源/index.htmbeiyong//336699CNKI全库/index.htmbjyyys/bjyyysyszh/yszhbeiyong//336699tzslgz/tzslgzCNKI共享/newweb/kt1005/kfklff巨灵金融数据库网络版219.133.37.37lxxy/lxxy珍贵万方资源期刊/wf/index.htmlncue/ncue维普全库http://61.154.14.143:8080/index.aspid:sunmm:3258135CNKI超全库密码/index.htmcdzwys/cdzwysyszh/yszh万方资源库用户名：wfdhlg密码：344000南平电大数字图书馆(PDF格式)/dlib/defaults.asp用户名、密码均为guest，速度较慢，见谅。

性格测试

/s?wd=mbti%D6%B0%D2%B5%D0%D4%B8%F 1%B2%E2%CA%D4&rsp=4&oq=%B2%E2%CA%D4%D7%D4%BC%BA%B5%C4 %D0%D4%B8%F1&f=1&tn=utf8kb_pg&rsv_ers=xn0MBTI职业性格测试完整版(静态题库)注：MBTI模型源自荣格(瑞士)与Myers-Briggs(美国)引导语：“我性格内向/外向，适合什么工作？”“怎样通过我的性格查找到适合我的职业？”“以我的个性从事什么行业好？”“我该选择什么样的公司和职业？”“我这样性格的人选什么专业好？”不论是高考后面临专业选择的同学，还是正待走进职场的毕业生，还是工作了一段时间的人，面对这类问题都会感到困惑——性格因素和职业选择之间到底有什么样的关联呢？要回答诸如此类的问题，我们就必须先了解到底性格差异是如何形成的。

瑞士心理学家荣格认为：感知和判断是大脑的两大基本功能。

大脑做决定的瞬间可以慢动作分解为两个阶段：感知阶段（又分为触觉感知阶段和直觉感知阶段）和判断阶段（又分为感性判断和理性判断阶段）。

为方便我们的理解，我们把大脑做出决定的瞬间直观想象为如下流程：（大脑获取信息后）触觉感知——直觉感知——感性判断——理性判断，最后做出决定。

不过请记住实际上这一过程是在瞬间交织（并非想象中简单的线性）完成的。

虽然每个人的大脑做出决定的瞬间都要走这四个流程，但是不同的人在其中某个环节中的倾向程度不同（也可以理解为滞留时间长短不同）：有些人更倾向停留在触觉感知环节多一些，而直觉感知一带而过；有些人在判断环节，更倾向停留在感性判断多一些，理性判断一带而过。

此外，大脑的这两大基本功能还受到每个人的精力来源不同与生活方式差异的影响（由美国心理学家Katherine Cook Briggs 提出），最终的决定就千差万别了。

经过多年的实践和不断优化，荣格的人格分类理论目前国际上有数据支撑的性格分类模型的理论基础。

KeytoModelTest6

Key to Model Test SixPart I Listening ComprehensionTapescriptSection A1.M: Have you heard what John has been saying about your work?W: Yes. But I couldn 't careless.Q: What does the woman mean by her remark?2.W: Look! The grocery is over there.M: Sorry, but I can 't stop there. There's no place to park.Q: What is the man doing?3.W: Let 's go on a vacation to a nice warm place. I need a rest.M: Why don 'wte see how much it costs to fly to Hawaii?Q: What dose the man want to know before he goes on vacation?4.M: Prices are really going up. I had to pay three dollars for a shirt yesterday, and I usedto pay only two.W: I know what you mean. My blouses cost me over 10 dollars.Q: How much do shirts cost now?5.M: I don 't know why I married you. The house is always dirty. I never have any cleanclothes to wear.W: I never promise to do any of these things. You shouldn 't have gotten a famous model like me.Q: Who is the man talking to?Key: DDCBDSection BConversation 1Questions 6 to 7 are based on the conversation you 've just heard.M: Hello, Ann. Why are you standing here in the cold wind?W: I'm waiting for a bus. But the buses are very full at this time of the day.M: Where are you going? This isn 't your way home. You must take a bus from the other side of the street to go home.W: I'm not going home now. I'm going for a walk in the park. I always like to go for a walk before lunch.M: Then why are you going by bus? Why not walk from here to the park? It isn 't very far.W: Oh, no, Albert. It isn 't interesting to walk through the street. So I always take a No.1 bus.Q6: Where is Ann going?Q7: When does this conversation take place?Key: BAConversation 2Questions 8 to 10 are based on the conversation you 've just heard.M: Hello, Wang Hong! What do you do after class?W: Well, on Monday afternoon I usually go to the reading room or the library where I can borrowinteresting books and magazines.M: What other activities do you take part in?W: Every Thursday afternoon we have an English party. Sometimes we can watch English movies.Do you like movies, Zhao Jun?M: Yes, of course. I like movies. Will there be one this week?W: Yes, of course. I think Dead Poets Society will be shown.M: I like the movie but I have seen it twice. What about sports and games?W: Oh, there are ball games and matches nearly every week. You can also join different kinds ofgroups organized by the Students 'Union.M: That 's interesting. I must join. Anything else?W: Oh, yes. There is going to be a football match between Grade One and Grade Two on Tuesdayafternoon. Are you interested?M: Interested? Certainly I am. I 'd like to go and watch the match. The school life is quiterich and full.W: Right. Organize your time and you 'll improve yourself in many ways. Good luck!Q8: When do they have an English party?Q9: What activity does the man plan to take part in?Q10: What does the man think of the school life?Key: CAASection C Questions 11 to 15 are based on the passage you 've just heard.Helen Anderson has been worried all the week. Last Wednesday she received a letter from the local police. In the letter she was asked to call at the police station. Helen wondered why she was wanted by the police, but she went to the station yesterday and now she is not worried any more. At the station, she was told by a smiling policeman that her bike was found. Five days ago, the policeman told her that the bike was picked up in a small village 5 hundred miles away. It is now being sent to her home by train. Helen was most surprised when she heard the news. She was amused too, because she never expected the bike to be found. It was stolen 20 years ago when she was a girl of 15.Q11: From whom did Anderson receive a letter?Q12: Where did she go yesterday?Q13: What had the police found?Q14: When was her bike stolen? Q15: How old was he then?Key: 11. the local police 12. the police station 13. her bike 14. 20 years ago15. 15 years oldSection A 16-20 BDBBASection B26. would have been finished29. uncovered30. shook 33. living 34. Health Part nVocabulary & Structure21-25 BBAAD 27. most quickly 28. would have caused 31. is 32. invitation35. to have drunkTask 4［答案］51. Q, N［综合解析］A —万维网 52. E, I 53. F , J 54. P, M 55. D, LB —用户数据报协议C —网络犯罪Part III Reading Comp rehension (40 minutes)Task 1文章导读本文讲述作者在 Boston Globe 工作，这是作者15年来一直梦想的地方。

Vip300-技术手册

如果曲线为IDMT (RI, SI, VI, EI), 显示值为相电流为10倍的工作电流时的跳闸时间.
13. 跳闸指示灯正常情况下为黑色,当相间保护跳闸后变为黄色.即使继电器失电,其状态保持不变.
14. 整定接地电流Ios 该电流使允许流过网络,而不会引起保护跳闸的最大剩余电流. Ios电流的范围取决于传感器和所选用的量程: 选择开关应与传感器及其所选用的整定范围标签相匹配.
6
DT
8
t>
7
9
t>>
10
Is 1,2 Is I>
I>>
4
fig 2: phase setting: definite time low threshold
图2: 相间故障整定: 定时限低门限
VIP300 技术手册
整定
相间保护整定左边图中曲线上的数字代表了相间保护的整定开关. (参见VIP300的前视图). 整定:
保护和控制继电器VIP300
技术手册
1. VIP300 简介 .……………............................................................... 3 2. 使用和整定 .……............................................................................ 4 3. 选择传感器和运行范围 ………………….......................................... 9 4. 接线方案 ………….......................................................................... 10 5. 安装 ……......................................................................................... 11 6. IDMT 脱扣曲线 ……........................................................................ 13 7. 技术参数 ……………….................................................................... 17 8. VIP300 测试和VAP6的使用 ………………....................................... 20

GAC-010-Test-3-Sample-Questions-2

GAC 010 Test 3 - Exam Sample QuestionsQuestion 1 [11 marks]a.) The following data show the ages, to the nearest year,of 60employees when they started working at a certain factory.i.) Graph the frequency histogram [ 3 marks]ii.) How many were under 40 when they started working there [1 mark]iii.) How many were aged 30 and over when they first started working there [1 mark]|b.) Use the table below to determine:i.) Taxable income on $57 678 whenAllowable deductions for the year amount to $1 745ii.) How much annual tax a person would pay when hisGross income is $57 678￥Solutions .)i.)&a.)ii.) 3 + 16 + 18 = 37a.)iii.) 18 + 10 + 8 + 5 = 41b.)i.) Taxable Income = gross - deductions= $57 678 - $1 745= $ 55933b.)ii.) Tax Payable on $57 678 is$57 678 - $1 745 = $ 55933on $50 000 = $11 380 on $55933 - $50 000 = $5 933 * .42！= $2Tax Payable on $ 55933 = $11 380 + $2= $13Question 2 [16 marks]The stem and leaf diagram displays the scores obtained by 40 students in their final Mathematics exam.$a.) Calculate the mean, median and mode. [5 marks]]b.) Calculate the range, and the lower and upperquartiles. [5 marks]c.) Construct a box and whisker diagram. [3 marks]d.) Hence, comment on the symmetry or otherwise ofthe data. [1 mark]e.) Find the variance and standard deviation. [2 marks]！SolutionsMedian = X (n + 1) = X 41/2 = X2Mode = 76>b.) Range = Highest Value - Lowest value= 98 - 45= 53Q1 = X (n + 1)4Q1 = X (41)4= X:Q3 = X 3(n + 1)4Q3 = X 3(41)4= Xc.) Box and Whiskerdiagram~______________________________________________________ 30 40 50 60 70 80 9045 Q1 Md Q3 98d.) The data is skewed to the left (negatively skewed)due to the greater number of smaller values.:e.)Variance is S^2 = S (x - x̅ )^2*fn -1 Standard deviation is s =√s^2；Question 3 [15 marks]a.) Households in a certain town were surveyed to determine whether they would subscribe to a Pay TV Channel. The households were classified according to “high”,“medium”, and “low” income levels. The results of the survey were summarized in the following table.A household is chosen at random. Find the probability that the household:$i.) will subscribe. [1 mark]ii.) has a low income level. [ 1 mark]iii.) will subscribe and a has a low-income level. [2 marks]iv.) will subscribe or has a low income level. [2 marks]v.) will subscribe given that the household has a low incomelevel. [2 marks]b.)i.) 12 people are to be divided into two groups with 8 in oneand 4 in the other.In how many ways can this be done [2 marks]'ii.) A television firm has in stock 9 television sets with32inch tubes and 6 sets with 28 inch tubes. Four sets are removed at random. What is the probability that theyare all of the same size [3 marks]iii.) A particular firm has in type of TV tube is almostcertainto fail within 3500 hours. If the life of a tubefollows anormal distribution with a standard deviation of 150hours, find the mean life of these tubes. [2 marks]（Solutionsi.) (will subscribe) = 3770 =13660:ii.) P(low level income) =2420 =13660iii.) P(will subscribe and has low level income) = 520 =13660iv.) P(will subscribe or has low level income) = 3770 + 190013660=v.) P(will subscribe given household has low level income)》= 520 =2420b.) i.) Number of arrangementsn C r = n!r!(n-r)!12 C 8 * 4 C 4 = 12! * 4!8!(12 - 8)!4!(4-4)!= 12! *4!8!(4!)4!(0)!~= 12 * 11 * 10 * 9 * 8!* 18!(4)!= 12 * 11 * 10 * 94 * 3 * 2 * 1= 11880 = 49524ii.) P(same size) = P(LLLL) + P(SSSS)= ( 9 * 8 * 7 *6 ) + ( 6 * 5 * 4 * 3 )15 14 13 12 15 14 13 12:=iii.) Almost certain to fail is 3 standard deviationsabove themean.therefore, mean isμ + 3σ = 3500μ = 3500 -3σ=3500 - 3 * 150=3500 - 450= 3050or,@3500 - 150 = 33503350 - 150 = 32003200 - 150 = 30503050 3200 3350 3500Question 4 [13 marks]、Most movie trailers are normally distributed with a mean of2 minutes and a standard deviation of 30 seconds.a.) Find the probability that a movie trailer selected at randomwill bei.) less than 160 secondsii.) less than 80 secondsiii.) over 180 secondsiv.) over 100 seconds but less than 140 seconds.b.) If you watch 100 of these movie trailers, how many will beunder 140 seconds;Solutions4. a.)i.)Let X = time in secondsμ = 120, σ = 30 X: N(120, 30^2)30 30：= P(Z <= .5 + P(0 ≤ Z ≤= .5+ .4515= .9515120 160________________________________________0 Z|a.)ii.)P(X < 80) = P(Z < 80 -120) = P(Z < - 40 )3030= P(Z < -= .5 -P < Z < 0)= .5 - P(0 <Z <= .5 - .4082= .0918、80 120_____________________________________________0 Za.)iii)，P(X > 180) = P(Z > 180 -120) = P(Z > 60 )3030= P(Z > 2)= .5 - P(0< Z < 2)= .5 -.4772= .0228120 180【__________________________________________0 2 Za.) iv)P(100 < X < 140) = P(100 -120 < Z < 150 -120)30 30= P( -20 < Z < 30 )30 30= P < Z < 1)= P < Z < 0) + P(0 < Z <1)*= P(0 < Z < .66) + P(0 <Z < 1)= .2454 + .3413= .5867100 120 150_____________________________________________0 1 Z，b.)P(X < 140) = P(Z < 140 - 130 )30= P(Z < .33)= .5 + P(0 < Z < .33)= .5 + .1293= .6293So, for 100 trailers: 100 * .6293 = => about 63 trailerswill be under 140 seconds.,120 140______________________________________________0 .33 Question 5 [14 marks]a.) Frank recently bought a small boat. He put $8000 asdown payment and borrowed the rest of the money, withpayments of $400 at the end of every 4 months for 4 years.If the interest is 8% . compounded three times a year, whatis the current value of the boat [4 marks]Unit 7F, Ex , p. 235;b.) My brother Tony, who lives in Canada, just bought 2houses. the first costed $60 400 and the second $ 80 600.Later on, he sold the first one at a profit of 15% and thesecond at a loss of 12%. How much profit or loss did theagent gain or lose in total [4 marks]Unit 6D, Ex , p. 207c.) A newly opened office’s purchased equipment -computers, printers, fax machines, etc. costs $25 000. Johnputs down a $3000 deposit and agrees to pay the balance in3 years at 7% interest on the balance.i.) If M is the monthly repayment, show that the amountowed at the end of the fourth month is22 000 * ^4 - M^3 + ^2 + + 1)[2 marks]Unit 7G·ii.) Find the monthly repayment to repay the loan in 36months. [4 marks]Unit 7G, Ex , ( Application of Geometric Series)Solutions5 a.)Ordinary AnnuitiesPresent Value of an Ordinary Annuity}The present value (A) of an ordinary annuity is given by:A = R [ 1 - (1 + i)^-n ]iWhere: R periodic payment of the annuityi = interest rate per period (as a decimal)n = the number of periodic payments to be madeThe term 1 - (1 + i)^-n can be abbreviated to ɑn̅ii—therefore the present value of an ordinary annuity is A = Rɑn̅i, whereɑn̅i = 1 - (1 + i)^-n i================Deposit = $ 8000R = $400n = 4 * 3 = 12i = 8% / 3 = .026:Present value (A) = $8000 + A= $8000 + 400 [ 1 - ( ^-12 ].026= $8000 + 400[]= $8000 +=$b.)|cost of house 1 = 60 400cost of house 2 = 80 600cost of both houses = 141 000Mark-up on house 1 = .15 * 60 400 = 9060Sale price of house 1 = 60 400 + 9060 = 69460Loss on house 2 = .12 * 80 600 = 9672Sale price on house 2 = 80 600 - 9672 = 70928Total sales price of houses 1 and 2 = 69460 +70928 = 140388 Total loss =141 000 - 140388 = 612$612 is (612/141000) * 100 == about % of Total Cost Price,c.)The balance left to pay is 25 000 - 3000 = 22 000！The calculation must first be based on monthsTherefore monthly interest rate = 7 % = .58% =.005812so 1 + r =100Number of months = 3 * 12 = 36】i.)Let Ai be the amount still owing after i months and M the monthly repayments.A1 = 22 000 * - MA2 = A1 * - M= ( 22 000 * - M) * - M= 22 000 * ^2 - - M= 22 000 * ^2 - M + 1)A3 = A2 * - M<= (22 000 ^2 - M^1 + 1) * - M= 22 000 * ^3 - ^1M - M) * - M= 22 000 * ^3 - ^2 - - M= 22 000 * ^3 - M^2 + + 1)A4 = A3 * - M= ....= 22 000 * ^4 - M^3 + ^2 + + 1)、ii.)A36 = 22 000 * ^36 - M^35 + ^34 + (1)( using the geometric series formula for Sn)The Sum of n Terms of a Geometric Progression isSn = a(r^n - 1) if/r/ > 1r - 1]= 22 000 * ^36 - M ^36 - 1)- 1 but A36 = 0 so,M ^36 - 1 = 22 000 * ^36.0058M = 22 000 * ^36 * .0058^36 - 1)== $ 678. 90Question 6 [11 marks]a.) Frank paid, including brokerage, $10 000 for some shares in Motorola company, through a broker who charged 5% commission on the market value of each share, which was$2. 75. Their face face was 60 cents. Later, Frank received a dividend of $ 400.Unit 7 C￥i.) How many shared did Frank buy in this deal [2 marks] ii.) What was the dividend rate [2 marks]iii.) What was the yield for investing in this company (hint: do not include brokerage) [2 marks]b.) What simple interest rate would pay an annual dividend of $320 on an investment of $8000[2 marks]Unit 7Dc.) $30 000 is invested for 5 years at 5% . compounded quarterly ( a period of three months regarded as one fourth of a year). What will the investment be worth at the end of the five years[3 marks]Unit 7E}Solutionsa.)i.)10 000 = * shares + (5% of * Shares)= * shares + (.05 * * shares)= (1* * shares) + (.05 * * shares)= * shares10 000/ * = shares= shares)or10 000 = * Shares + (5% of *Shares)= * Shares + (.1375 * Shares)= * shares10 000 / = Shares= SharesDividend is calculated using the face valueIf a company makes a profit, al the shareholders of that company receive a part of the profit in the form of a dividend payment.Dividend is calculated using the face value of each share and stated as a percentage.Dividend = 3463 *.60 =Dividend rate = 400/ * 100 = %The amount of money invested is calculated using the the market value of the shares.Investment amount without brokerageAmount invested = * =The yield (percentage amount received by shareholders) from such investments is calculated as follows:Yield = Return from money invested * 100%Amount of money invested》Yield = 400 * 100% = %b.)Simple interestMoney deposited into a financial institution can earninterest on the principle or capital ( the initial amount invested). When only the principle earns interest for the entire length of the investment, the interest due at the end of the investment term is called simple interest.Where:I = the interest earnedP = the principal amount investedR = the interest rateN = the number of yearsNote: Interest rates are usually expressed with . after them. For example: 6% . ( per annum)=============\I = PRN100therefore,R = 100 * IPN= 100 * 320 = 4%8000 * 1c.)】Compound interestCompound interest is different from simple interest because at the end of each interest period, any interest earned is added onto the principle. This new amount becomes the principal for the next time period. When interest is added to the principal, it is often said to be compounded into principal ( thus the reason for the name). This means compound interest is always increasing for each time period.The compound interest formula:A = P ( 1+ r )^n100Where:A = the future value of the investmentP = the principal amount invested~r = the interest rate adjusted to the interest periodsn = the number of compounding periods per year============r = 5 %/4 = % = .0125n= 5 * 4 = 20A = 30 000(1 + .0125)^20= $ 38—Question 7 [13 marks]a.) My brother Tony just borrowed money for a new house. The loan is of $ 300 000 to be repaid over 25 years, by making equal payments at the end of each quarter, when interest of 7% . is charged.Unit 7Fi.) What is the periodic payment of this annuity [2 marks] ii.) How much is paid in interest over the 25 years [2 marks]b.) Find the future value of the ordinary annuity due when $450 is deposited every quarter for 3 years at the rate of 6% . compounded quarterly. [3 marks]{Unit 7Fc.) Frank has invented a game for one person. He throws two dice until the sum of the two numbers shown is either 5 or 9. If the sum is 9 Frank wins, if the sum is 5, he loses.If the sum is any other number, he continues to throw until it is 5 or 9.Unit 1Ki.) Find the probability that Frank wins on the first throw.[2 marks]ii.) Calculate the probability a second throw is needed.[2 marks]iii.) What is the probability Frank wins on the first or second throw [2 marks]/Solutionsa.)Ordinary AnnuitiesPeriodic Payment of an Ordinary Annuity Given the PresentValueThe periodic paymen t (R) of an ordinary annuity given the present value A is given by:Ordinary annuity A = R * ɑn̅iR = A;ɑn̅iɑn̅i = 1 - (1 + i)^-n iWhere:R = periodic payment of the annuityi = _r_ = interest rate for period (as a decimal)NN = the number of interest periods in 1 yeart = term of the annuityn = Nt = the number of periodic payments to be made duringthe whole term.#A = the present value given==============n = 25 * 4 = 100i = 7%/4= .07/4 = .0175ɑn̅i = 1 - (1 + i)^-n i= 1 - (1 +.0175)^-100.0175》=R = 300 000R = $ii.) Interest paid = 100 * - 300 000=b.){Ordinary AnnuitiesFuture Value of an Ordinary AnnuityThe future value (S) of an ordinary annuity is given by:S = R [ (1 + i)^n - 1 ]iWhere:R = periodic payment of the annuityi = r = { the interest rate per interest period (expressed as a：N decimal) }N = the number of interest periods in 1 yeart = the term of the annuityn = Nt = the number of periodic payments to be made during thewhole term.The term (1 + i)^n - 1 ] can be abbreviated (shortened) to Sn̅i.iTherefore, the future value of an ordinary annuity is S = RSn̅i, whereSn = (1 + i)^n - 1i》==================S =R = 450n = 3 * 4 = 12i = .06/4 = .015For an annuity due:S = R [ (1 + i)^n - 1 ]i￥S = 450 [ (1 + .015)^12 - 1 ].015S = $c.)c.) Frank has invented a game for one person. He throws two dice until the sum of the two numbers shown is either 5 or 9. If the sum is 9 Frank wins, if the sum is 5, he loses.If the sum is any other number, he continues to throw until it is 5 or 9.i.) Find the probability that Frank wins on the first throw.[2 marks]—ii.) Calculate the probability a second throw is needed.[2 marks]iii.) What is the probability Frank wins on the first or second^Solutionsi.)9 = win 5 = loseP(9) = 4/36ii.)P(2nd throw) = P(not 9 U not 5)P(A) + P(not A) = 1P(not A) = 1 - P(A)P(not 9 U not 5) = 1 - P(9 U 5)= 1 - (4/36 + 4/36)= 1 - 8/36 = 28/36 = 7/9 = .77iii.)------> W-------> L-------> C --------> W---------->L--------->CP(win 1st U win 2nd) == P(win 1st) + P(not win/lose 1st * win2nd)= P(win 1st) + P(not 9 U 5) * P(win 2nd)= 4/36 + (7/9 * 4/36)= 4/36 + 28/324 =64/324 = .19Question 8 [7 marks]a.) A salesman receives commission on a sliding scale. He receives 5% on the first $8000 of goods sold, 4% on the next $50000 and 1% thereafter. Find the commission on sales of $ 75 000. [3 marks]Unit 6Eb.) Joanne has an average of 88% after taking 5 examinations. Is it possible for Joanne to achieve an average of 90% after her next examination Justify your answer. [2 marks]Unit 3Ec.) A box contains red, yellow, and green marbles. Therefore if I chose one marble at random from the box the probability that it is red is 1/3. Is this statement trueof false Explain why[2 marks]Unit 1GSolutionsa.) Commission = 5% of 8000 + 4% of 50000 + 1% of 17000= .05 * 8000 + .o4 * 50000 + .01 * 17000= 400 + 2000 + 170= 2570b.) Total marks achieved = 5 * 88= 440Total marks needed = 6 * 90= 540Therefore, marks required in the next test = 100possible.c.) The statement is false because it assumes there is an equal number of each of red, yellow and green, and this may not be the case.。

Tissue-Tek VIP 6 AI 产品说明书

The first choice in tissue processing now with AI Tissue-Tek VIP® 6 AI Vacuum Infiltration ProcessorThe top selling tissueprocessor in the world is now even more advancedThe first and only tissue processor offering onboard mixed solutions for advanced infiltration of fatty tissuesHigh-resolution color touchscreenErgonomic retort latch with electronic interlockOnboard mixing of reagents from bulkreservoirsParaffin waste container Heated cleaning reagent station Illuminated reagent cabinet andcondensate bottleFume controlsystemColor-coded drain& fill portsAutomatic paraffindegassing 3 small and 1 large paraffin reservoirs Automatic transferof reagentsAdvanced tissue processingAdvanced Infiltration (AI)• 10 user-selectable reagent agitation modes offer effective yet gentle agitation for enhanced infiltration• Onboard mixing of alcohol and xylene from the bulk reservoirs yields superb processing of fatty tissues• Up to 50 user-defined programs enables comprehensive tissue processing for all tissue types Tissue safety• The Solution Manager safeguards tissues during operation for safe and worry-free processing• The 2 bulk reservoirs provide fresh reagent (if needed during process) to eliminate under-fills • An automatic bottle check prevents issues BEFORE they happen by verifying reagent bottle connections prior to the startConvenience• Automatic Transfer allows for in-process solution rotation tosignificantly save time• An LED-lit reagent cabinet enables quick visual observation of solution levels• Automatic rotation of paraffin into the paraffin waste container saves time and prevents spills The next level of reliability and safety from the Gold Standard Line of Tissue-Tek VIP ® ProcessorsProduct code Product name and quantity 5265 Tissue-Tek VIP ® 150-Capacity Cassette Basket with handles; 1 unit 6035 Tissue-Tek VIP ® 6 Reagent Bottle, Complete; 1 unit6036Tissue-Tek VIP ® 6 Reagent Bottle Labels; 1 set1550Tissue-Tek ® TEC™ 5 Paraffin Scraper, Large; 1 unit6034Tissue-T ek VIP ® 6 Paraffin Scraper, Small; 1 unitAccessoriesProduct code Product name and quantity6045Tissue-Tek VIP ® 6 Paraffin Waste Bags; 12/case6160Tissue-Tek ® Activated Carbon Filter; 2/case4005Tissue-Tek VIP ® Processing/Embedding Medium; 8 x 1kg/case5990Tissue-Tek VIP ® Fixative; 4 x 1 gal/case 7052Tissue-Tek ® Paraform ® Processing/Embedding Medium, Formula 3; 8 x 1kg/caseConsumablesTissue-Tek VIP ® 6 AISpecificationsProduct name Tissue-Tek VIP ® 6 AI Vacuum Infiltration Processor Product code 6040Rated voltage and current Single phase, 115VAC ± 10%, 50/60 Hz, 12AApplications Processing of human or animal tissue for routine and research histology Dimensions 24 (W) x 27 (D) x 52 (H) inches 61 (W) x 68 (D) x 133 (H) cm Weight 386 lbs (175 kg)Processing temperature Processing reagents: 35 to 60°C Paraffin: 45 to 70°C Process capacityUp to 300 cassettesReagent agitation 10 user-selectable modes Reagent reservoirs 10 reagent bottles: up to 4.2 L2 cleaning reagent bottles: up to 4.2 L Paraffin reservoirs3 small: up to 4.2 L 1 large: up to 5.6 L Waste reservoirs 1 condensation bottle 1 waste paraffin reservoirParaffin cleaningAutomatic paraffin oven degassing Fume controlFume condenser system using 2 disposable Activated Carbon Filters Optional duct adapter for external exhaust systemsParaffin melting time9 hours (forced melting at 70°C in 7.5 hours)External drain and fill 3, color-coded ports for bottle and bulk reservoir drain and fill with optional port and tubing rinse External bulk reservoirs2 reservoirs, 10.4 L eachLevel sensors4, ultrasonicOn-board mixingOn-demand, on-board mixing of two solutions from the bulk reservoirs in either a 1:2 or 2:1 ratio measured by the retort level sensorsBottle connectioncheck User selectable as on/offRetort lidHeated to prevent condensationInterlocked to prevent opening while the retort is pressurizedSolutionexchange modeAutomatic, in-process rotation of up to 2 reagents and paraffinOn-demand, manual rotation for all reagents and paraffinProcessing delayScheduled end time, auto-calculated Number of daysProgram memory50 tissue processing programs 5 solution configurations100 solution names3 user-defined cleaning programs Password protection Administrators: 4Operators: 20User interface display Integrated, color, 10.4 inch, touchscreen LCD displayData interface optionsUSB 1.1 (compatible with supplied USB)External alarm output UPS signal output LANDiagnostic functionsInternal self-diagnostics with log of error messages and codes Remote monitoring with Tissue-Tek ® i Support™CertificationsIEC 61010-2-010:2014, IEC 61010-2-101:2015, CAN/CSA C22.2,No.61010-1 2nd Ed:2008, CAN/CSA C22.2 No.61010-2-010:2004, CAN/CSA C22.2 No.61010-2-101:2004, UL 61010-1 3rd Ed: 2012Regulatory statusIVD, FDA Class IPlease visit our website Sakura Finetek USA, Inc., 1750 West 214th Street 007930-01 R e v .BKnown for best-in-class automation and reliability Sakura Finetekremains a privately-held company in business for over 160 years. Sakura Finetek has achieved its success and solidified its reputation by providing timely, ingenious solutions to the real challenges laboratories face on a day-to-day basis.Our rich history has given us athorough understanding of technology, quality, reliability, value for money and our customers’ requirements. We use this knowledge to passionately develop products that anticipate developments in both technology and market needs.Sakura Finetek USA, Inc. (SFA) isbased in Torrance, California. Functions covered at this facility include sales and marketing, service and technical support, R&D, and manufacturing.SFA is an ISO 13485 certifiedmanufacturer and supplier. As one of the two global manufacturing and R&D sites, SFA develops instruments and reagents into system solutions and secures our innovation with a steady stream of patents.In addition to supporting the U.S. marketplace, SFA is also responsible for Canada, Mexico, Central and SouthAmerica and serves these markets with a network of local distributors.With the worldwide headquarters in Japan and regional offices in Japan, The Netherlands and the U.S.A., the global strategy of worldwide representation has been fulfilled to guarantee our customers the best service and support.Our organization is developing, professionalizing and growingcontinuously, and thus maintaining its position as a trustworthy and valuable partner in histopathology.A long tradition of excellence。

Barracuda Networks SSL VPN与VIP Enterprise Gateway（

Remote Access Integration ArchitectureUser Name + Security Code Authentication methodThe following diagram illustrates how the User Name + Security Code authentication method is configuredfor Barracuda SSL VPN and VIP Enterprise Gateway.Figure 1 Authentication process for the User Name + Security Code authentication method1.The user enters a user name, password, and a security code.2.As the first part of the two-factor authentication process, Barracuda SSL VPN sends the user name and thepassword to AD/LDAP.3.If AD/LDAP authenticates the user name and the password, AD/LDAP returns the group permissiondetails and the authentication response to Barracuda SSL VPN.4.As the second part of the two-factor authentication process, Barracuda SSL VPN sends the user name andthe security code to the Validation Service.5.The Validation Service authenticates the user name and the security code with the VIP AuthenticationService.6.If the user name and the security code are authenticated, the Validation Service returns an Access-Accept authentication response to Barracuda SSL VPN, based on which the user is allowed to log in. Integration SummaryThe following summary of procedures describes how to install and configure Barracuda SSL VPN for two-factor authentication through VIP Enterprise Gateway.1. Install and Configure VIP Enterprise GatewayFor more information on installing and configuring VIP Enterprise Gateway, refer to the VIP Enterprise Gateway Installation and Configuration Guide.2. Configure Barracuda SSL VPNComplete the following procedures to configure Barracuda SSL VPN:1.Integrate User database with Active Directory/LDAP.2.Create Policies and assign them to AD/LDAP user accounts or Groups.3.Configure Resources and assign Policies to the Resources.4.Create authentication schemes and assign policies to the schemes.5.Configure RADIUS server settings.3. Configure and Test an end user:1.Configure and test an end user using SSL VPN web portal.Install and Configure VIP Enterprise GatewayInstall VIP Enterprise Gateway based on the procedures described in the VIP Enterprise Gateway Installation and Configuration Guide. Add the Validation Server in the User Name + Security Code mode. (See Figure 2 Add Validation Server Page)Figure 2 Add Validation Server PageConfigure Barracuda SSL VPNComplete the procedures in this section to configure Barracuda SSL VPN. You must use the ssladmin account to login to the Barracuda SSL VPN web portal to complete these procedures.The examples for the links that you can use to launch the Barracuda SSL VPN web portal are https://<IP>:443 And http://<IP>:80, where 443 and 80 are the port numbers that you must use in the link to access Barracuda SSL VPN web portal.For more information on the ssladmin account and the ports to be configured, refer to the Barracuda SSL VPN Administrators Guide, Version 2.X.NOTE: The screen shots in these procedures are taken from Barracuda SSL VPN Virtual appliance (Firmware Version: 2.0.1.026). Refer to the Barracuda SSL VPN Administrators Guide, Version 2.X for specific screen shots and procedures.1: Integrate User Database with AD/LDAP1.In the Barracuda SSL VPN web portal, click the Access Control tab.2.Under the Access Control tab, click User Databases.In the User Database section, view the Default, Global, and Super Users databases. The type of these databases is Built-in. You can edit the attributes of the Default database and integrate it with theAD/LDAP. This procedure explains how to integrate the Default database with AD/LDAP.Note: Alternatively, you can create a new database and integrate it with AD/LDAP. If you create a newdatabase, you must use the More link in the Actions column to synchronize the database with AD/LDAP.Figure 3 User database configuration page3.To integrate the Default database with AD/LDAP, click the Edit link in the Actions column of the Defaultdatabase.4.In the edit browser window, in the Connection section, enter the details of AD/LDAP.5.Click Test to verify the user database configuration.6.Click Save at the bottom of the edit browser window to save the user database configuration.7.Under the Access Control tab, click Accounts to view the user accounts that are associated with AD/LDAP.8.Under the Access Control tab, click Groups to view the user groups that are associated with AD/LDAP. 2: Create Policies and Assign Them to AD/LDAP Users Accounts or Groups1.Under the Access Control tab, click Policies to create the policies and associate them with the user groups.In the Policies section, you can view the policies that you have created.Figure 4 Policy creation page3: Configure Resources and Assign Policies to Resources1.In the Barracuda SSL VPN web portal, click the Resources tab.2.Under the Resources tab, configure the required resources and assign policies to them.For more information on configuring the resources, refer to the Barracuda SSL VPN Admin istrator’s Guide Version 2.x.4: Create Authentication schemes and assign policies1.In the Barracuda SSL VPN web portal, click the Access Control tab.2.Under the Access Control tab, click Authentication Schemes.3.In the Create Scheme section, enter the details to create an authentication scheme. In the AuthenticationSchemes section, view and manage the authentication scheme that you have created.The following figure displays the Authentication Scheme that is created for the User Name + Security Code authentication method:Figure 5 Authentication schemes and configuration pageFigure 6 Authentication Schemes results pane5: Configure the RADIUS Server Settings1. In the Barracuda SSL VPN web portal, click the Access Control tab.2. Under the Access Control tab, click Configuration .3. In the Configuration browse window, in the RADIUS section, specify the RADIUS Server settings and clickSave Changes .Note : For this RADIUS Server settings, select PAP as the authentication method.Figure 7 RADIUS Server settings pageConfigure and Test an End User1.Click the link to launch the Barracuda SSL VPN web portal.The examples for the links that you can use to launch the Barracuda SSL VPN web portal arehttps://<IP>:443 and http://<IP>:80, where 443 and 80 are the port numbers that you must use in the link to access Barracuda SSL VPN web portal.For more information on the SSL VPN user interface and the ports, refer to the Barracuda SSL VPN Administrators Guide, Version 2.X.2.In the first login page, enter the user name and click Login.Figure 8 First login promptNote: If there is more than one user database configured, the first Login page displays the More link near to the Username field. Click this link to select the appropriate database before you click Login.Figure 9 User database selection login prompt3.In the next Login page, enter the password and click Login.Figure 10 Second login prompt4.In the third Login page, enter the security code and click Login.Figure 11 Third login prompt5.After you successfully log in to Barracuda SSL VPN, you can view the user home page as shown below:Figure 12 User’s Home pageCopyright © 2011 Symantec Corporation. All rights reserved.Symantec, the Symantec Logo, and the Checkmark Logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Symantec Corporation or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. VeriSign, VeriSign Trust, and other related marks are the trademarks or registered trademarks of VeriSign, Inc. or its affiliates or subsidiaries in the U.S. and other countries and licensed to Symantec Corporation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.The product described in this document is distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation/reverse engineering. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Symantec Corporation and its licensors, if any.THE DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID. SYMANTEC CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENTATION. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENTATION IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.The Licensed Software and Documentation are deemed to be commercial computer software as defined in FAR 12.212 and subject to restricted rights as defined in FAR Section 52.227-19 "Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights" and DFARS 227.7202, et seq. “Commercial Computer Software and Commercial Computer Software Documentation”, as applicable, and any s uccessor regulations. Any use, modification, reproduction release, performance, display or disclosure of the Licensed Software and Documentation by the U.S. Government shall be solely in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.This document may describe features and/or functionality not present in your software or your service agreement. Contact your account representative to learn more about what is available with this Symantec® product.Symantec Corporation350 Ellis Street Mountain View,CA 94043/support/contact/index.html。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。