英文化学词汇
化学 英文词汇
化学英文词汇氨ammonia氨基酸amino acid铵盐ammonium salt饱和链烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon 苯benzene变性denaturation不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料superconductive material臭氧ozone醇alcohol次氯酸钾potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠sodium acetate蛋白质protein氮族元素nitrogen group element碘化钾potassium iodide碘化钠sodium iodide电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionization equilibrium电子云electron cloud淀粉starch淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅silicon dioxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxide二氧化锰manganese dioxide芳香烃arene放热反应exothermic reaction非极性分子non-polar molecule非极性键non-polar bond肥皂soap分馏fractional distillation酚phenol复合材料composite干电池dry cell干馏dry distillation甘油glycerol高分子化合物polymer共价键covalent bond官能团functional group光化学烟雾photochemical fog过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide化学相关英语单词合成材料synthetic material合成纤维synthetic fiber合成橡胶synthetic rubber核电荷数nuclear charge number核素nuclide化学电源chemical power source化学反应速率chemical reaction rate 化学键chemical bond化学平衡chemical equilibrium还原剂reducing agent磺化反应sulfonation reaction。
(完整版)化学英语词汇
●化学常用词汇汉英对照表1●氨 ammonia氨基酸 amino acid铵盐 ammonium salt饱和链烃 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯 benzene变性 denaturation不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料 superconductive material臭氧 ozone醇 alcohol次氯酸钾 potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠 sodium acetate蛋白质 protein氮族元素 nitrogen group element碘化钾 potassium iodide碘化钠 sodium iodide电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionization equilibrium电子云 electron cloud淀粉 starch淀粉碘化钾试纸 starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅 silicon dioxide二氧化硫 sulphur dioxide二氧化锰 manganese dioxide芳香烃 arene放热反应 exothermic reaction非极性分子 non-polar molecule非极性键 non-polar bond肥皂 soap分馏 fractional distillation酚 phenol复合材料 composite干电池 dry cell干馏 dry distillation甘油 glycerol高分子化合物 polymer共价键 covalent bond官能团 functional group光化学烟雾 photochemical fog过氧化氢 hydrogen peroxide合成材料 synthetic material合成纤维 synthetic fiber合成橡胶 synthetic rubber核电荷数 nuclear charge number核素 nuclide化学电源 chemical power source化学反应速率 chemical reaction rate 化学键 chemical bond化学平衡 chemical equilibrium还原剂 reducing agent磺化反应 sulfonation reaction霍尔槽Hull Cell极性分子 polar molecule极性键 polar bond加成反应 addition reaction加聚反应 addition polymerization甲烷 methane碱金属 alkali metal碱石灰 soda lime结构式 structural formula聚合反应 po1ymerization可逆反应 reversible reaction空气污染指数 air pollution index勒夏特列原理 Le Chatelier's principle 离子反应 ionic reaction离子方程式 ionic equation离子键 ionic bond锂电池 lithium cell两性氢氧化物 amphoteric hydroxide 两性氧化物 amphoteric oxide裂化 cracking裂解 pyrolysis硫氰化钾 potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠 sodium sulphide氯化铵 ammonium chloride氯化钡 barium chloride氯化钾 potassium chloride氯化铝 aluminium chloride氯化镁 magnesium chloride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化铁 iron (III) chloride氯水 chlorine water麦芽糖 maltose煤 coal酶 enzyme摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass品红 magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖 glucose气体摩尔体积 molar volume of gas铅蓄电池 lead storage battery强电解质 strong electrolyte氢氟酸 hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝 aluminium hydroxide取代反应 substitution reaction醛 aldehyde炔烃 alkyne燃料电池 fuel cell弱电解质 weak electrolyte石油 Petroleum水解反应 hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride塑料 plastic塑料的降解 plastic degradation塑料的老化 plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定 acid-base neutralization titration酸雨 acid rain羧酸 carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B 烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银 silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴化钠sodium bromide溴水 bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析 salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂 oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron (III) oxide乙醇 ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸 ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯 ethylene银镜反应 silver mirror reaction硬脂酸 stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements元素周期律periodic law of elements原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicator酯ester酯化反应esterification周期 period族 group(主族:main group)Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧,过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD)189. coefficient variation 变异系数(CV)190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量(OC)254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
常用化学单词
常用化学单词1. 元素周期表:The periodic table of the elements2. 化学键与分子结构:Chemical bonds and molecular structure3. 化学反应与反应类型:Chemical reactions and reaction types4. 酸碱反应与pH值:Acid-base reactions and pH value5. 氧化还原反应:Oxidation-reduction reactions6. 化学计量与摩尔质量:Chemical stoichiometry and molar mass7. 有机化学与烃类:Organic chemistry and hydrocarbons8. 醇、酚、醚:Alcohols, phenols, ethers9. 醛、酮、酯:Aldehydes, ketones, esters10. 羧酸、酰胺、酯类:Carboxylic acids, amides, esters11. 硝基化合物、胺类:Nitro compounds, amines12. 磺酸、硫酸酯、磷酸酯:Sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates13. 卤素、含氧酸、含氧酸盐:Halogens, oxygen acids, oxygen acid salts14. 金属有机化合物:Organometallic compounds15. 配位化合物、络合物:Coordination compounds, complexes16. 碳水化合物、氨基酸、蛋白质:Carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins17. 核苷酸、核酸、酶:Nucleotides, nucleic acids, enzymes18. 无机酸、碱、盐:Inorganic acids, alkalis, salts19. 高分子化合物:Polymer compounds20. 纳米材料:Nano materials这些是常用的一些化学单词,涵盖了化学学科的多个领域。
(完整版)化学专业英语常用词汇
☆常用: ppm: parts per millionppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen1. 化合物的命名:规则:金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称(1)MgCl2 magnesium [mæɡ’ni:zj əm] chloride (2)NaNO2 sodium nitrite [‘naitrait](3)KNO3 potassium[p ə’tæsi əm] nitrate [‘naitreit] (4)硝酸 nitric acid(5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate练习:▪ FeBr2 ▪ (NH4)2SO4 ▪ NH4H2PO4▪KMnO4▪亚硫酸▪sulfurous acid▪H2S▪NO2 有机物命名▪Hydrocarbon▪{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon}▪Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃)▪{Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)}▪Alcohol 醇▪Aldehyde 醛▪Ketone [‘ki:təun] 酮▪Carboxylic acid 羧酸▪Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)▪{benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌)无机物中关于数字的写法mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,九,十有机物中关于数字的写法meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-,甲乙丙丁戊已hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly-庚辛壬葵环聚练习▪甲烷乙炔▪丙酮丁醇▪戊烷己烯▪庚醛辛烷▪2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇Lithium [‘liθiəm] n.锂Beryllium [bə’riljəm] n.铍(Be)Sodium [‘səudiəm] n.钠Potassium [pə’tæsiəm] 钾Rubidium [ru:’bidiəm] 铷Caesium [‘si:ziəm] 铯Nucleus[‘nju:kli s] 原子核,是nuclear的复数Halogen[‘hælədʒən] 卤素general chemistry 普通化学positive[‘pƆzətiv] ion 阳离子orbital electron 轨道电子effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷atomic radius 原子半径,raddi的复数ionic radius 离子半径negative ion 阴离子electron cloud 电子云Van der Waals non-bounded radius单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径metallic [mi’tælik] character[‘kæriktə] 金属特性electropositive [I’lektrəu’pɔzətiv] a.带正电的Ionization [‘aiənai’zeiʃən] energy 电离能carbon 碳 germanium[dʒə:’meiniəm] 锗tin [tin] 锡 lead [led] 铅sodium[‘səudiəm] 钠 magnesium[mæɡ’ni:zjəm] 镁silicon [‘silikən] 硅 chlorine [’klɔ:ri:n] 氯nonmetallic [‘nɔnmi’tælik]adj.n.非金属的,非金属Electronegativity 电负性Metallic oxide 金属氧化物Metallic hydroxide [hai’drɔksaid] 金属氢氧化物Hydroxyl [hai‘drɔksil] ions 氢氧根离子insoluble[in’sɔljubl] 不溶解的Ionic [ai‘ɔnik] adj. 离子的Transition element 过渡元素Basicity [bə’sisiti] n. 碱性,碱度Oxyacid [,ɔksi’æsid] 含氧酸Carbonate [‘kɑ:bəneit] 碳酸盐Nitrate [‘naitreit] 硝酸盐Sulphate [‘sʌlfeit] 硫酸盐 = sulfateAmphoteric [,æmfə’terik] adj.两性的Acid [‘æsid] n. adj.alkali [‘ælkəlai] n.adj.Hydration [hai’dreiʃən] 水合作用Hydrolyze [‘haidrəlaiz] vi. 水解Oxysalt [‘ɔksisɔ:lt] 含氧酸盐Complex 络合物,复合物句子理解1) Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, if suppliedwith energy: M M+ + e. 金属是电正性的,如果供给能量,有失去电子的趋势。
化学专业名词的英文词汇
1,molecular [məu'lekjulə]adj.[化学]分子的;由分子组成的2,scope [skəup]n.范围;余地;视野;眼界;导弹射程vt.审视scope:范围|作用域|显示器3,overview ['əuvəvju:]n.[图情]综述;概观Overview:概述|全貌|概览4,structure ['strʌktʃə]n.结构;构造;建筑物vt.组织;构成;建造Structure:结构|装置|宏观结构5,bonding ['bɔndiŋ]n.粘合;[机][电子]压焊adj.结合的;黏结的v.结合(bond 的现在分词);联系bonding:键合|粘结|邦定6,moleculesn.分子,微粒;摩尔(molecule 的复数)7,Ionic [ai'ɔnik]n.爱奥尼亚语adj.爱奥尼亚的;爱奥尼亚式的;爱奥尼亚人的;爱奥尼亚韵律的ionic:离子|爱奥尼亚式|爱奥尼8,electron [i'lektrɔn]n.电子electron:电子|电动势|埃雷克特龙镁合金9,atomic orbital【原子物理学】原子轨函数,原子轨道10,formulasn.公式;配方;规则(formula 的复数)Formulas:公式11,hydrogen ['haidrədʒən]n.[化学]氢Hydrogen:氢|仲氢|氢原子12,urea ['juəriə]n.[肥料]尿素Urea:尿素|尿素氮|脲13,acetic acid[有化]醋酸,[有化]乙酸acetic acid:乙酸|醋酸|冰醋酸14,apparatus [,æpə'reitəs]n.装置,设备;仪器;器官15,monument ['mɔnjumənt]n.纪念碑;历史遗迹;不朽的作品vt.为树碑monument:纪念碑|纪念物|遗址16,Stockholm ['stɔkhəum;'stɔ:k,hɔ:lm]n.斯德哥尔摩(瑞典首都)Stockholm:斯德哥尔摩|斯德歌尔摩|瑞典17,proximity [prɔk'simiti]n.亲近,接近;邻近18,separation [,sepə'reiʃən]n.分离,分开;间隔,距离;[法]分居;缺口separation:分离|分选|隔票19,ionization energy [物][化学]电离能ionization energy:电离能|电离能量|游离能20,affinity [ə'finəti]n.密切关系;吸引力;姻亲关系;类同affinity:亲和力|亲合力|姻亲关系21,electronegative [i,lektrəu'neɡətiv]adj.负电性的;带负电的electronegative:阴电性的|带负电的|负电性的22,repulsion [ri'pʌlʃən]n.排斥;反驳;反感;厌恶23,diazomethane [dai,æzəu'meθein]n.[有化]重氮甲烷diazomethane:重氮甲烷|叠氮甲烷24,cathode rays阴极线;阴极射线(cathode ray 的复数)cathode rays:阴极射线|阴极线25,stream [stri:m]n.溪流;流动;潮流;光线vt.流出;涌出;使飘动vi.流;涌进;飘扬Stream:流|河流|音频流26,plum pudding n.葡萄干布丁plum pudding:干果布丁|葡萄干布丁27,scattering ['skætəriŋ]n.散射;分散v.散射;散布;驱散(scatter 的ing 形式)adj.分散的Scattering:散射|反向散射|钻眼偏斜28,nucleus ['nju:kliəs]n.核,核心;原子核nucleus:细胞核|核仁|晶核29,proton ['prəutɔn]n.[物]质子30,spectrograph ['spektrəuɡrɑ:f,-ɡræf]n.光谱仪;摄谱仪31,neutrons ['nju:trɔnz]n.中子(neutron 的复数)neutrons:散射中子|中子32,quantum ['kwɔntəm]n.量子论;额;美国昆腾公司(世界领先的硬盘生产商)33,ultimately ['ʌltimətli]adv.最后;根本;基本上ultimately:最后|终于|最终34,equationsn.方程式;等式;均等;均势(equation 的复数形式)35,spectra ['spektrə]n.光谱;范围(spectrum 的复数形式)36,spectrum ['spektrəm]n.[物]光谱;[电信]频谱;[心]余象;范围37,spherically ['sferəkli]adv.球地;球状地spherically:圆地|球状地|天体地38,symmetric [si'metrik]adj.对称的;匀称的symmetric:对称的|反对称|对称式39,node [nəud]n.节点;瘤;叉点40,visualization [,vizjuəlai'zeiʃən]n.形象化;清楚地呈现在心41,three dimensions 三维(空间)three dimensions:三度空间|三维42,exclusion [ik'sklu:ʒən]n.排斥;排除;驱逐;被排除在外的事物43,spin [spin]vi.纺纱;吐丝;旋转;晕眩vt.纺纱;使旋转;编造;结网n.旋转;疾驰44,subsequently ['sʌbsikwəntli]adv.随后,其后;后来subsequently:随后|后来|尔后45,in-phasen.同步;[电]同相in-phase:同相|同相位46,overlap [,əuvə'læp,'əuvəlæp]n.重叠;重复vi.部分重叠;部分的同时发生vt.与重叠;与同时发生overlap:重叠|搭位|焊瘤47,helium ['hi:liəm]n.[化学]氦(符号为He ,2号元素)Helium:氦气|氦|命名为氦48,net [net]vt.得到;净赚;用网捕vi.编网n.网;网络;净利;实价adj.纯粹的;净余的net:罗|曲线|净的49,stabilization [,steibilai'zeiʃən,-li-]n.稳定;稳定化stabilization:稳定化|稳定|镇定50,monoatomic [,mɔnəuə'tɔmik]adj.单原子的monoatomic:单原子的|一原子的一元的一价的|一原子的51,hybrid ['haibrid]adj.混合的;杂种的n.杂种,混血儿;混合物Hybrid:混合|混合动力|混合式52,promotion [prəu'məuʃən]n.提升,[劳经]晋升;推销,促销;促进;发扬,振兴Promotion:促销|晋升|优惠促销53,beryllium [be'riliəm]n.[化学]铍(符号Be )Beryllium:铍|钛铍合金|铍鋍54,valence electron [物化]价电子valence electron:价电子|原子价电子55,indicate ['indikeit]vt.表明;指出;预示;象征indicate:指示|显示|象征56,hybridization [,haibridai'zeiʃən,-di'z-]n.杂交;配种;[化学]杂化;杂种培殖57,trigonal ['triɡənəl,trai'ɡəunəl]adj.三角的;三角形的;三方晶系的trigonal:三角的|三角形的|三角形网线58,tetrahedral [,tetrə'hi:drəl,-'he-]adj.四面体的;有四面的tetrahedral:四面体|四面角|有四面的59,ammonia [ə'məunjə]n.[无化]氨,阿摩尼亚Ammonia:氨|阿摩尼亚|氨水60,ethyne ['i:θain,'e-]n.[有化]乙炔ethyne:乙炔|溶解乙炔61,ethylene ['eθili:n]n.乙烯Ethylene:乙烯|乙撑|乙烯基62,acetylene [ə'setili:n]n.[有化]乙炔;电石气acetylene:乙炔|电石气|氧乙炔63,establish [i'stæbliʃ]vi.植物定植vt.建立;创办;安置establish:使开业|设立|确立64,elemental [,eli'mentəl]adj.基本的;主要的;自然力的;四大要素的(土、水、气、火)elemental:元素的|元素精灵|火精灵65,elemental analysis [分化]元素分析Elemental analysis:元素分析|元素分析数据|要素分析66,revealsvt.揭示(reveal 第三人称单数)n.暴露(reveal 第三人称单数)Reveals:揭示|透露67,empirical formula 经验式;实验式68,isomers ['aisəuməz]n.同分异构体(isomer 的复数)isomers:同分异构体|异构体|等雨率线69,Properites Properites:属性70,NMRabbr.核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance )NMR:核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)|核磁共振谱71,diffraction [di'frækʃən]n.(光,声等的)衍射,绕射diffraction:衍射|绕射|衍射现象72,single crystal [晶体]单晶single crystal:单晶|单晶体|单结晶73,dashed line 虚线;短划线74,wedged [wedʒd,'wedʒid]adj.楔形的v.锲入(wedge 的过去式和过去分词)75,covalent bonding共价键;共价键结;共价结合76,resonance ['rezənəns]n.[力]共振;共鸣;反响77,quantum mechanics[量子]量子力学(解释次原子粒子运动和质量)78,hybrid orbital [物化]杂化轨道79,element ['elimənt]n.元素;成分;要素;原理;自然环境80,synthesis ['sinθisis]n.综合,合成;综合体81,organic synthesis [有化]有机合成82,interplay ['intəplei,,intə'plei,'in-]n.相互影响,相互作用vi.相互影响,相互作用83,octet [ɔk'tet]n.八重奏,八重唱;八行诗;八个一组的物品;[计]八位字节octet:八位位组|八重奏|八重态84,configuration [kən,fiɡju'reiʃən]n.配置;结构;外形85,linear structure [计]线性结构86,methane ['mi:θein]n.[化]甲烷;沼气87,hydronium [hai'drəuniəm]n.水合氢离子88,vibrate [vai'breit]vi.振动;颤动;摇摆;踌躇vt.使振动;使颤动89,equilibrate [,i:kwi'laibreit,i'kwilibreit]vi.平衡;相称vt.使平衡;与…平衡90,resonance hybrid 【化学】共振杂化分子91,equivalent [i'kwivələnt]adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的n.等价物,相等物92,wave equation 波动方程。
(完整版)化学专业英语常用词汇
☆常用: ppm: parts per millionppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen1. 化合物的命名:规则:金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称(1)MgCl2 magnesium [mæɡ’ni:zj əm] chloride (2)NaNO2 sodium nitrite [‘naitrait](3)KNO3 potassium[p ə’tæsi əm] nitrate [‘naitreit] (4)硝酸 nitric acid(5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate练习:▪ FeBr2 ▪ (NH4)2SO4 ▪ NH4H2PO4▪KMnO4▪亚硫酸▪sulfurous acid▪H2S▪NO2 有机物命名▪Hydrocarbon▪{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon}▪Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃)▪{Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)}▪Alcohol 醇▪Aldehyde 醛▪Ketone [‘ki:təun] 酮▪Carboxylic acid 羧酸▪Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)▪{benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌)无机物中关于数字的写法mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,九,十有机物中关于数字的写法meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-,甲乙丙丁戊已hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly-庚辛壬葵环聚练习▪甲烷乙炔▪丙酮丁醇▪戊烷己烯▪庚醛辛烷▪2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇Lithium [‘liθiəm] n.锂Beryllium [bə’riljəm] n.铍(Be)Sodium [‘səudiəm] n.钠Potassium [pə’tæsiəm] 钾Rubidium [ru:’bidiəm] 铷Caesium [‘si:ziəm] 铯Nucleus[‘nju:kli s] 原子核,是nuclear的复数Halogen[‘hælədʒən] 卤素general chemistry 普通化学positive[‘pƆzətiv] ion 阳离子orbital electron 轨道电子effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷atomic radius 原子半径,raddi的复数ionic radius 离子半径negative ion 阴离子electron cloud 电子云Van der Waals non-bounded radius单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径metallic [mi’tælik] character[‘kæriktə] 金属特性electropositive [I’lektrəu’pɔzətiv] a.带正电的Ionization [‘aiənai’zeiʃən] energy 电离能carbon 碳 germanium[dʒə:’meiniəm] 锗tin [tin] 锡 lead [led] 铅sodium[‘səudiəm] 钠 magnesium[mæɡ’ni:zjəm] 镁silicon [‘silikən] 硅 chlorine [’klɔ:ri:n] 氯nonmetallic [‘nɔnmi’tælik]adj.n.非金属的,非金属Electronegativity 电负性Metallic oxide 金属氧化物Metallic hydroxide [hai’drɔksaid] 金属氢氧化物Hydroxyl [hai‘drɔksil] ions 氢氧根离子insoluble[in’sɔljubl] 不溶解的Ionic [ai‘ɔnik] adj. 离子的Transition element 过渡元素Basicity [bə’sisiti] n. 碱性,碱度Oxyacid [,ɔksi’æsid] 含氧酸Carbonate [‘kɑ:bəneit] 碳酸盐Nitrate [‘naitreit] 硝酸盐Sulphate [‘sʌlfeit] 硫酸盐 = sulfateAmphoteric [,æmfə’terik] adj.两性的Acid [‘æsid] n. adj.alkali [‘ælkəlai] n.adj.Hydration [hai’dreiʃən] 水合作用Hydrolyze [‘haidrəlaiz] vi. 水解Oxysalt [‘ɔksisɔ:lt] 含氧酸盐Complex 络合物,复合物句子理解1) Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, if suppliedwith energy: M M+ + e. 金属是电正性的,如果供给能量,有失去电子的趋势。
化学英文词汇
化学英文词汇(转自啄木论坛)来源:南朗的日志Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube克拉姆规则Prelog’rule普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代(含烯丙型重排)Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化02.3有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1,4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排2.4 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃Aromatic compound 稠环化合物Arene 芳香化合物Alkylbenzene 芳烃Bibenzyl 烷基苯Aiaryl 联苄Biphenyl 联芳Biphenyl 联苯Indene 茚Fluorene 芴fulvene 富烯cyclophane 环芳Acene 并苯Helicene 螺旋烃Aryne 芳炔Annulene 烨烯Dewar benzene 杜瓦苯Benzvalene 盆苯Barrelene 桶烯Azulene ?Diazo compound 重氮化合物diazonium salt 重氮盐Diazohydroxide 重氮氢氧化物Azo cimpound 偶氮化物Hydrazo compound 氢化偶氮化物Azoxy compound 氧化偶氮化合物Phenol 酚Hydroquinone 氢醌Quinhydrone 醌Quinhydrone 醌氢醌Semiquinone 半醌Benzoin 苯偶姻Benzil 偶苯酰Heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物Furan 呋喃Pyrrole 吡咯Thiophene 噻吩Porphyrin 卟啉Pyridene 吡啶Piperidine 哌啶Oxazole ?唑Azlactone 二氢?唑酮Pyrazole 吡唑Imidazole 咪唑Thiazole 噻唑Oxazine ?嗪Diazine 二嗪Diketopiperazine 哌嗪二酮Sydnone 悉尼酮Triazole 三唑Triazine 三嗪Indole 吲哚Quinoline 喹啉Isoquinoline 异喹啉Flavone 黄酮Isoflavone 异黄酮Chalcone 查耳酮Azepine 氮杂?Addition compound 加合化合物Organometallic 有机金属化合物Grignard reagent 格氏试剂Ferocene 二?铁Sandwich compound 夹心化合物Chloroborane 氯硼烷Phosphine 膦Phosphonium salt ?盐Arsine 胂Ylide 叶立德Nitrogen ylide 氮叶立德Sulfur ylide 硫叶立德Phosphorus ylide 磷叶立德Arsenic ylide 砷叶立德Lipid 类脂Phospholipid 磷脂Essential oil 精油Terpene 萜Monoterpene 单萜Sesquiterpene 倍半萜Diterpene 二萜Triterpene 三萜carotene 胡萝卜素Steroid 甾族化合物Sex hormone 性激素Pheromone 信息素Phytohormone 植物激素Alkaloid 生物碱2.5 有机化学分析和方法Charge-transfer spectrum 电荷转移光谱Chemical shift reagent 化学位移试剂Polarized light 偏振光Specific rotation 比旋光Molar rotation 摩尔旋光Circularly polarized light 圆偏振光Optical rotatory dispersion 旋光色散Circular dichroism 圆二色性Octant rule 八区规则Cotton effect 卡滕效应Plain curve 平坦曲线Resolution 拆分Optical purity 光学纯度Enantiomeric excess,ee 对映体过量Diasteromeric excess,de 非对映体过量Synthesis 合成Retrosynthesis 逆合成Total synthesis 全合成Formal synthesis 中继合成Partial synthesis 部分合成Relay synthesis 接替合成Tandem reaction sequence 连续反应过程Synthon 合成子Chiron,chiral building block 手性子Asymmetric synthesis 不对称合成Asymmetric induction 不对称诱导Optical induction 光学诱导Chiral induction 手性诱导Chiral reagent 手性试剂Chiral catalyst 手性催化剂Chiral solvent 手性溶剂Chiral auxiliary [reagent] 手性助剂Topochemistry 拓扑化学Biomimetic synthesis 仿生合成Protecting group 保护基Umpolung 极反转Linear synthesis 线性合成Convergent synthesis 汇集合成03.分析化学03.1 一般术语Qualitative analysis 定性分析Quantitative analysis 定量分析Chemical analysis 化学分析Instrumental analysis 仪器分析Classical analysis 经典分析Systematic analysis 系统分析Routine analysis 常规分析Referee analysis,arbitration ana-lysis 仲裁分析Macro analysis 常量分析Semimicro analysis,meso analysis 半微量分析Mcro analysis 微量分析Ultramicro analyisis,submicro analysis 超微量分析Trace analysis 痕量分析Ultratrace analysis 超痕量分析Wet method,wet way 湿法Dry mithod,dry way 干法Indirect mithod 间接法Reagent 试剂Reagent grade 试剂级别Guaranteed reagent,G.R. 保证试剂Analytical reagent,A.R. 分析纯Chimically pure,C.P. 化学纯Identification 鉴定Detection 检出Confirmatory test 证实试验Determination 测定Measurement 测量Separation 分离Calibration 校准Correction 校正Recovery 回收Mesh [筛]目Sampling 取样Quartering 四分[法]Sample 试样Reference material,RM 标准物质Primary standard 一级标准Secondary standard 二级标准Selectivity 选择性Selective reagent 选择[性]试剂Specific reagent 特效试剂Mole 摩尔Stock solution 储备溶液Test solution 试液Fusion 熔融Rlux 熔剂Air drying 风干Weighing 称量Constant weight 恒量Aliquot 等分部分Residue 残渣Ash 灰分Misture content 含湿量Cleaning solution 洗涤液Mauor constituent 主成分Minor constituent 少量成分Trace constituent 痕量成分Trial-and error method 尝试法Analytical balance 分析天平Single pan balance 单盘天平Air-damped balance [空气]阻尼天平Electronic balance 电子天平Semimicro [analytical]balance 半微量天平Micro[analytical]balance 微量天平Ultramicro[analytical ]balance 超微量天平Torsion balance 扭力天平Weights 砝码Rider 游码Filter paper 滤纸Test paper 试纸PH paper PH试纸Erlenmeyer flask 锥形瓶Volumetric flask [容]量瓶Weighing bottle 称量瓶Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Sintered-glass filter crucible [烧结]玻璃砂[滤]?锅Iven,drying over 烘箱Water bath 水浴Hot plate 电热板Magnetic stirrer 洗瓶Iodine flask [电]磁搅拌器Iodine flaski 碘瓶Reagent bottle 试剂瓶03.2 化学计量学Chemometrics 化学计量学Accuracy 准确度Sensitiv ity 灵敏度Precision 精密度Repeatability 重复性Reproducibility 再现性Detection limit 检出限Determination limit 测定限Signal-noise ratio 信噪比Background 背景Blank 空白Uncertainty 不确定度Tolerance limitc 容许限Confidence limit 置信限Confidence interval 置信区间Confidence coefficient 置信系数Population 总体Sample 样本individual 个体Random variable 随机变量Fixed variable 固定变量Standardization 标准化Friquency 频数Histogram 直方图Frequency distribution 频数分布Class interval 组距Probability 概率Probability density 概率密度Nirmal distribution 正态分布Nonnormal distribution,abnormal distribution 非正态分布Log transformation 对数变换Normalization 正态化F-distribution F分布t-distribution T分布X2-distribution X2分布Binomial distribution 二项式分布Poisson’s distribution泊松分布Uniform distritution 均匀平布True value 真值Value of expectation 期望值Observed value,measured value 观测值Unbiased estimator 无偏估计值Sample value 样本值Population mena 总体[平] 均值Sample mean 样本[平]均植Veighted mean 加权[平]均植Median 中位值Variability 变异性Variation within laboratory 组内变异性Variation between alboratories 组间变异性Error 误差Random error 随机误差Systematical error 系统误差Bias 偏倚Gross 过失误差Absolute error 绝对误差Relative error 相对误差Standard eror 标准误差Deviation 偏差Residual 残差Population deviation 总体偏差Sample dev iation 样本偏差Arithmetic average deviation [算术]平均偏差Standardard deviation 标准[偏]差Absolute deviation 绝对偏差Relative deviation 相对偏差Relative standard deviation 相对标准[偏]差Pooled standard deviation 合并标准[偏]差Tolerance error 容许误差Variance 方差Population Variance 总体方差Sample variance 样本方差Pooled variance 合并方差Variance within laboratory 组内方差Variance between laboratories 组间方差Residual variance 残余方差Covariance 协方差Range 极差Statistical test 统计检验Hypothesis Test 假设检测Significance test 显著性检验Significance level 显著性水平Significant difference 显著性差异One-tailed test 单侧检验Two-atailed test 双侧检验Test statistic 检验统计量Parameter test 参数检验Nonparameter test 非参数检验Parameter estimation 参数估计Point estimation 点估计Interval estimation 区间估计Null hypothesis 零假设Alternative hypothesis 备择假设Critical value 临界值Acceptance region 接受域Rejection region 舍弃域Statistical inference 统计推断Error of the first kind,type 1error 第一类错误Error of the second kind,type 2error 第二类错误Extremum value 极值Outlier 异常值Sing test 符号检验Dixon’s test method狄克松检验法Grubbs’test method格鲁布斯检验法Cochrane’s test method柯奇拉检验法t-test T检验F-test F检验X2-test,chi-square test X2检验Homoscedasticity,homogeneity of variance 方差齐性Sum of squares of residues,resi dual sum of squares 残差平方和Regression sum of squares 回归平方和Additivity of sum of squares 平方和加和性Analysis of variance,ANOVA 方差分析Cross classification 交叉分组Multiple comparisons 多重比较Paired comparison 成对比较Random factor 随机因素Fixed factor 固定因素Controllable factor 可控因素Level of factor 因素水平Pseudo leval 拟水平Factorial effect 因素效应Main effect 主效应Two-factor interaction,simple interaction 二因子交互效应Positive correlation 正相关Negative correlation 负相关Correlation test 相关性检验Correlation analysis 相关分析Correlation coefficient 相关系数Total correlationCorrelation 全相关系数Partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数Regression analysis 回归分析Curve fitting 曲线拟合Least square fitting 最小二乘法拟合Weighted least square method 加权最小二乘法Goodness of fit 拟合优度Regression equation 回归方程Regression curve 回归曲线Regression surface 回归曲面Regression coefficient 回归系数Partial regression coefficient 偏回归系数Standar4dized regression coeffi-cient 标准回归系数Linear regression 线性回归Non-linear regression 非线性回归Stepwise regression 逐步回归Weighted regression 加权回归Polynomial regression 多项式回归Parallel displacement of curve 曲线平移Calibration curve 校正曲线Linearity range 线性范围Experimental design 实验设计Randomized blie 随机区组设计Factorial experiment 析因实验Latin square design 拉丁方设计Orthogonal table,orthogonal layout 正交表Homogeneous design 均匀设计Simplex oqtimization 单纯形优化Simple simplex 基本单纯形Modified simplex 改进单纯形Step sixe,step width 步长Variable step size 可变步长Reflection 反射Expansion 扩展Whole contraction 整体收缩Optimal estimate 量优估计Optimal value 最优值Optimal block design 最优区组设计Local optimization 局部优化Constrained optimization 有约束优化Constrained condition 约束条件Sequential search 序贯寻优Gradient search 梯度寻优Steepest ascent 最速上升法Steepest descent 最速下降法Holeen cut method 黄金分割法Mimimum residual method 最小残差法Iterative method 迭代法Recurrence method 递推法Successive approximate method 逐次近似法Monte Carlo method 蒙特卡罗法Quality control 质量控制Control chart 控制图Central line,CL 中心线X-control chart 平均值控制图R-control chart 极差控制图Upper alarm limit 上警告限Lower alarm limit 下警告限Upper control limit,UCL 下控制限Lower control limit,LCL 下控制限Rankom sampling 随机抽样Proportional sampling 比例抽样Systematic sampling 系统抽样Sequential sampling 序贯抽样Sequential sampling 序贯分析Sampling inspection 抽样检验Sample size,sample capacity 样本[容]量Random sample 随机样本Randomization 随机化Raw data 原始数据Coded data 编码数据Array 数组Data handling,data processing 数据处理Flow chart,flow diagram 程序框图Significant figrue 有效数字Rounding off method 修约方法Round-off error 修约误差Cluster analysis 聚类分析Discriminant analysis 判别分析Factor analysis 因子分析Generalized standard addition 广义标准加入法Method 模式识别Pattern recognition 矩阵Correlation matrix 相关矩阵Eigenvector 特征向量Eigenvalue 特征值Information 信息Information content 信息容量Information efficiency 信息效率Information profitability 信息效益Specific information price 信息比价0.33 化学分析Gravimetry,gravimetric analysis 重量分析法Titrimetry,titrimetric analysis 滴定[分析]法Titration 滴定Visual titration 目视滴定[法]Stepwise titration 分步滴定[法]Back titration 返滴定[法]Replacement titration 置换滴定[法]Linear titration 线性滴定[法]Logarithmic titration 对数滴定[法]Non-aqueous titration 非水滴定[法]Aquametry 测水[滴定]法Karl Fischer titration 卡尔•费歇尔滴定[法]Acid-base titration 酸碱滴定[法]Acidimetry 酸量法Alkalimetry 碱量法Precipitation titration 沉淀滴定[法]Compleximetry,complexometry,complexometric ietration 络合滴定[法] Chil[at]ometry,chel[at]ometric 螯合商定[法]Redox titration 氧化还原滴定[法]Mohr mithod 莫尔法Volhard method 福尔哈德法Fajans method 法扬斯法Clear point 澄清点Argentimetry 银量法Mercurimetry 汞量法Cyanometric titration 氰量法Permanganate titration 高猛酸钾[滴定]法Dichromate titration 重铬酸钾[滴定]法Cerimetry,cerimetric titration 铈(IN)量法Iodimetry,iodometry 碘量法Bromometry 溴量法Priodate titration 高碘酸钾[滴]法Thermometric 热滴定[法]Thermometric titration 气体分析Elemental analysis 元素分析Flow in jection analysis,FIA 流动注射分析Vilatilization method,evolution method 挥发法Kjedahl determination 凯氏定氮法Automatic titration 自动滴定Ringoven method 环炉法Drop method 点滴法Spot test 斑点试验Brown ting test 棕环试验Blowpipe test 吹管试验Borax-bead test 吹管试验Borax-bead test 硼砂珠试验Flame test 焰色试验Bead test 熔珠试验Marsh test 马什试验Gutzeit test 古蔡试验Griess test 格里斯试验Silver mirror test 银镜试验Iodoform test 碘仿试验Organic reagent 有机试剂Eriochrome cyanine R 铬花青RChromotropic acid 变色酸Diantipyrylmethane,4,4’-dianti-pyrinylmethane 二安替比林甲烷Diphenylcar bazide 二苯卡巴肼Diphenylcarbazone 二苯卡巴脘dithizone 二硫腙Cadion 镉试剂Chrome azurol S 铬天青SChlorosulfophenol s 氯磺酚S2,2’-biquinoline,biquinolyl 联喹啉2,2’-bipyridine,2,2’-bipyridyl 联吡啶brilliant green 亮绿Chloranilic acid 氯冉酸Aluminon 铝试剂Arsenazo Ⅰ偶氮胂ⅠArsenazo Ⅲ偶氮胂ⅢChlorophosphonazo Ⅲ偶氮氯膦ⅢAlizarin 茜素Alizarin complexan,alizarin 茜素红SNeocupferron 新铜铁试剂Neocuproine 新亚铜试剂Bromopyrogallol red 溴[代]邻苯三酚红Cuproine 亚铜试剂Acetylacetone 乙酰丙铜Nessler reagent 奈斯勒试剂Organic precipitant 有机沉淀剂Arsonic ac id 胂酸-benzoinoxime -安息香肟Benzotriazole 苯并三唑Tannin,tannic acid 单宁Isatinoxime 靛红肟Mandelic acid 苦杏仁酸8-quinolinecarboxylic acid,8-carboxyquinoline 8-喹啉羧酸Quinaldic acid 喹哪啶酸Benzidine 联苯胺Pyrogallol 连苯三酚Anthranilic acid 邻氨基苯甲酸5,6-naphthoquinoline 5,6-萘喹啉Tetraphenylarsonium chloride 氯化四苯砷8-hydroxyquinoline,oxine 8-羟基喹啉Metcaptobenzothiazole 巯基喹啉8-mercaptoquinoline 8-巯基喹啉Salicylaldoxime 四苯硼钠Sodium tertraphenylborate,sodium tetraphenylboron 水杨醛肟Cupferron 铜铁试剂Nitron 硝酸试剂Cinchonine 辛可宁1-nitroso-2-naphthol 1-亚硝基-2-萘酚N-N-benzoyl-N-phenyl hydroxylamine N-苯甲酰-N-苯基羟胺Diacetyldioxime,dimethylg-lyoxime 丁二酮肟Indicator 指示剂Acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂Adsorption indicator 吸附指示剂Metal indicator ,metallochromic indicator 金属指示剂Oxidation-reduction indicator,redox indicator 氧化还原指示剂Mixed indicator 混合指示剂External indicator 外[用]指示剂Fluorescent indicator 荧光指示剂Metalfluorescent indicator 金属荧光指示剂Chemiluminescent indicator 化学发光指示剂Siloxene indicator 硅氧烯指示剂Litmus paper 石蕊试纸Turmeric paper 姜黄试纸Indicator constant 指示剂常数Indicator constant 指示剂空白Thymol blue,thymolsulfonphthal-ein 百里酚蓝Thymolphthalein 百里酚酞Phenol red ,phenolsulfonphthalein [苯]酚红Phenolphthalein 酚酞Cresol purple 甲酚紫Methyl orange 甲基橙Methyl red 甲基红Methyl yellow 甲基黄Chlorophenol red 氯酚红Alizarin yellow 茜素黄Bromothymol blue 溴百里酚蓝Btomophenol blue 溴酚蓝Btomocresol green 溴甲酚绿Neutral red 中性红Methyl violet 甲基紫Crystal violet 结晶紫Quinaldine red 喹哪啶红Malachite green 孔?[石]绿Nile blue A 尼罗蓝AOrange IV [酸性]四号橙p-ethoxychrysoidine 对乙氧基菊橙Diphenylamine blue 二苯胺蓝Dichlorofluorescein 二氯荧光黄Phenosafranine 酚藏花红Congo red 刚果红Rhodamine 6G 罗丹明6GRose Bengal 玫瑰红Eosin 曙红Thorin 钍试剂Fluorescein 荧光黄Xylenol orange 二甲酚橙Calmagite 钙黄绿素Calconcarboxylic acid 钙指示剂Calcon 钙试剂。
(完整版)化学类专业英语词汇.doc
(完整版)化学类专业英语词汇.doc专业英语词汇Unit 1TEXT A : Chemical Reactions and Group Reactions customary a. 通常的,惯例的handle n.柄vt.触摸handling n.处理,管理derive vt.取得,得到,衍生oxidate vt.使氧化oxidation n.satisfactory a.令人满意的,符合要求的rapid a.快的,迅速的,动作快的combustion n.燃烧somewhat pron. ad. 一点点,几分,有点effort n.努力commercial a.商业的,商务的undesirable a不.合需要的,不受欢迎的,讨厌的retard vt.延迟,放慢,使停滞transformer n.变压器transform vt.改变,转变automotive a.自动的,机动的,汽车的cracked裂化的sluge n.软泥,淤泥stiff a.硬的,强烈的extent 广度,程度distillation n.蒸馏distill vt.vi.unrefined a.未精致,未提炼的acidity n.酸味,酸性acidify vt. Vi.Involve vt. 包缠,卷缠Fell=followingIndividual a.个人的,个体的Presumable a可.假定的,可推测的Destruction n.破坏,毁灭Overall n。
a.全面的,综合的Exceed 超过,胜过Isolate vt.隔离,孤立,使离析iso—构词成分“均匀”“异构”“苯”Analyse vt. 分析,分解Carbonyl 羰基Carboxyl羧基Hydroxyl羟基Decomposition分解Alkyl烷基,烃基Ketone 酮Aldehyde n.醛Yield vt. 出产,产出Explosive a. 爆炸Vapor n.蒸汽, vi.蒸发Propagation 繁殖,增殖;传播Dehydrate vt.使脱水Acet 构词成分Acetaldehyde乙醛Resin n.树脂Resinous a.树脂的Carboxylic a.羟基的Substantial a.物质的,实质的Susceptible a易.受感动的,敏感的Analogous a.类似的,相似的( to)Response n.作答,回答,响应,反应Readily ad.乐意地,很快地Readiness n准.备就绪,愿意Extent n.广度长度Steric 空间的,位的Likewise ad.同样的,照样地;也,又Suffer vt.遭受,经历Progressive a进.步的,长进的,渐次的Adjacent a.邻近的,紧挨着的Terminal a.末端的,终点的MethyleneBromide n.溴化物Substitute n.代替物(人),代用品substitution n.代替,替换Remote a相.隔较远的Acetone n.丙酮Ether n.醚,乙醚Correspond vi.符合,一致;相当,相应Reservation n保.留,预定Tend vi.走向,趋向。
化学常用英文单词
化学常用英文单词Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(T c) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的。
化学单词英语
化学单词英语化学的英语单词有100个,这100个英语单词如下:1.periodic table 元素周期表2.electronic structure电子构型3.noble gas惰性气体4.Representative elements代表性元素5.Transition elements过渡元素6.chemical bond化学键7.valence electrons价电子8.Chemical stability化学稳定性9.chemical reactivity化学反应性10.metallic bonding金属键11.ionic bonding 离子键12.covalent bonding共价键13.nonbonding electron pairs(lone pairs)非成键电子对14.single单键15.noble gas configuration惰性气体构型16.pseudo-noble gas configuration稀有气体原子实17.polarization of an ion离子极化18.Oxidation numbers氧化值19.Oxidation state氧化态20.valence bond theory价键理论21.hydration水合22.solvation溶剂化23.chemical equilibrium化学平衡24.hydrolysis水解25.hydrates水合物26.efflorescence风化物27.electrolytes电解质28.strong(weak)electrolytes强电解质29.nonelectrolytes非电解质30.polyprotic acids多元酸31.neutralization中和反应32.hard water 硬水33.carbonate hardness碳酸盐硬度34.water softening水软化35.ion exchange离子交换36.fossil fuels化石燃料37.oxidation氧化38.reduction还原39.oxidation-reduction(redox)reactions氧化还原反应40.oxidizing agent氧化剂41.allotropes同素异形体42.oxo acids含氧酸43.ion product constant for water水的离子积常数44.acid or base ionization constant酸/碱电离常数45.molecular orbital theory分子轨道理论46.bond order键序47.homonuclear同核48.heteronuclear异核plex配合物50.conjugated double bonds共轭双键51.unsaturated不饱和的52.optical isomers光学异构体53.enantiomer 对映异构54.asymmetric molecule不对称分子55.substance物质56.halogen卤素57.halogenation卤化反应58.addition reactions加成反应59.substitution reactions取代反应bustion 燃烧61.natural gas天然气62.methane甲烷63.petroleum石油64.plastics and rubber塑料和橡胶65.distillation蒸馏66.cracking裂解67.reforming重置68.coal煤炭69.nitrogen氮70.coke焦炭71.ammonia氨气72.coal tar煤焦油73.synfuels合成燃料74.carbon monoxide一氧化碳75.carbon dioxide二氧化碳76.electrophile亲电试剂77.nucleophile亲核试剂78.aldehyde醛79.ester酯80.amine胺81.chemical formulas化学式82.synthetic polymers 合成高分子83.fabricss纤维84.evaporation汽化、蒸发85.liquefaction 液化86.sublimation升华87.condensation冷凝88.melting point熔点89.(normal)boiling point沸点90.crystalline 结晶91.amorphous非结晶92.crystal晶体93.coordination number(crystal)配位数94.non-stoichiometric compounds非化学计量数95.saturated solution饱和溶液96.solubility溶解度97.super-saturated solution过饱和溶液98.molarity物质的量浓度99.mole摩尔100.chemical kinetics化学动力学。
(完整版)化学类专业英语词汇
专业英语词汇Unit 1 TEXT A:Chemical Reactions and Group Reactions customary a. 通常的,惯例的handle n.柄vt.触摸handling n.处理,管理derive vt.取得,得到,衍生oxidate vt.使氧化oxidation n.satisfactory a.令人满意的,符合要求的rapid a.快的,迅速的,动作快的combustion n.燃烧somewhat pron. ad. 一点点,几分,有点effort n.努力commercial a.商业的,商务的undesirable a.不合需要的,不受欢迎的,讨厌的retard vt.延迟,放慢,使停滞transformer n.变压器transform vt.改变,转变automotive a.自动的,机动的,汽车的cracked 裂化的sluge n.软泥,淤泥stiff a.硬的,强烈的extent 广度,程度distillation n.蒸馏distill vt.vi.unrefined a.未精致,未提炼的acidity n.酸味,酸性acidify vt. Vi.Involve vt.包缠,卷缠Fell=followingIndividual a.个人的,个体的Presumable a.可假定的,可推测的Destruction n.破坏,毁灭Overall n。
a.全面的,综合的Exceed 超过,胜过Isolate vt.隔离,孤立,使离析iso—构词成分“均匀”“异构”“苯”Analyse vt. 分析,分解Carbonyl 羰基Carboxyl 羧基Hydroxyl 羟基Decomposition 分解Alkyl 烷基,烃基Aldehyde n.醛Yield vt. 出产,产出Explosive a. 爆炸Vapor n.蒸汽,vi.蒸发Propagation 繁殖,增殖;传播Dehydrate vt.使脱水Acet 构词成分Acetaldehyde 乙醛Resin n.树脂Resinous a.树脂的Carboxylic a.羟基的Substantial a.物质的,实质的Susceptible a.易受感动的,敏感的Analogous a.类似的,相似的(to)Response n.作答,回答,响应,反应Readily ad.乐意地,很快地Readiness n.准备就绪,愿意Extent n.广度长度Steric 空间的,位的Likewise ad.同样的,照样地;也,又Suffer vt.遭受,经历Progressive a.进步的,长进的,渐次的Adjacent a.邻近的,紧挨着的Terminal a.末端的,终点的MethyleneBromide n.溴化物Substitute n.代替物(人),代用品substitution n.代替,替换Remote a.相隔较远的Acetone n.丙酮Ether n.醚,乙醚Correspond vi.符合,一致;相当,相应Reservation n.保留,预定Tend vi.走向,趋向。
(完整版)化学专业英语
(完整版)化学专业英语一、基础词汇篇1. 原子与分子Atom(原子):物质的基本单位,由质子、中子和电子组成。
2. 化学反应Reactant(反应物):参与化学反应的物质。
Product(物):化学反应后的物质。
Catalyst(催化剂):能改变化学反应速率而本身不发生永久变化的物质。
3. 物质状态Solid(固体):具有一定形状和体积的物质。
Liquid(液体):具有一定体积,无固定形状的物质。
Gas(气体):无固定形状和体积的物质。
4. 酸碱盐Acid(酸):在水溶液中能电离出氢离子的物质。
Base(碱):在水溶液中能电离出氢氧根离子的物质。
Salt(盐):由酸的阴离子和碱的阳离子组成的化合物。
5. 溶液与浓度Solution(溶液):由溶剂和溶质组成的均匀混合物。
Solvent(溶剂):能溶解其他物质的物质。
Solute(溶质):被溶解的物质。
Concentration(浓度):溶液中溶质含量的度量。
二、专业术语篇1. 有机化学Organic Chemistry(有机化学):研究碳化合物及其衍生物的化学分支。
Functional Group(官能团):决定有机化合物化学性质的原子或原子团。
Polymer(聚合物):由许多重复单元组成的大分子化合物。
2. 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry(无机化学):研究不含碳的化合物及其性质的化学分支。
Crystal(晶体):具有规则排列的原子、离子或分子的固体。
OxidationReduction Reaction(氧化还原反应):涉及电子转移的化学反应。
3. 物理化学Physical Chemistry(物理化学):研究化学现象与物理现象之间关系的化学分支。
Chemical Bond(化学键):原子间相互作用力,使原子结合成分子。
Thermodynamics(热力学):研究能量转换和物质性质的科学。
4. 分析化学Analytical Chemistry(分析化学):研究物质的组成、结构和性质的科学。
化学英语名词汇总
初中化学英语名词explosion[ɪk'sploʒən]爆炸saturated['sætʃə,retɪd] solution[sə'luʃən]饱和溶液unsaturated solution 不饱和溶液pure [pjur] substance ['sʌbstəns] 纯净物catalyst ['kætəlɪst] 催化剂deliquesce[,dɛlə'kwɛs] 潮解ozone ['ozon] 臭氧electron[ɪ'lɛktrɑn]电子molecule ['mɑlə,kjul] 分子atom ['ætəm] 原子atomic group [grup] 原子团ion['aɪən] 离子atomic [ə'tɑmɪk]structure ['strʌktʃɚ]原子结构atomic nucleus ['njuklɪəs] 原子核anion ['æn,aɪən] 阳离子cation ['kætaɪən] 阴离子proton['protɑn] 质子neutron['njutrɑn] 中子element 元素elementary [,ɛlə'mɛntərɪ] substance 单质nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən] 氮气air 空气starch [stɑrtʃ]淀粉protein ['protiɪn] 蛋白质carbon ['kɑrbən] dioxide [daɪ'ɑksaɪd]二氧化碳preparation [,prɛpə'reʃən] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳制法properties ['prɑpɚ taɪs] of carbo n dioxide 二氧化碳性质use of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳用途gold 金steel 钢phenolphthalein['finɔl'θælin]酚酞reactant [rɪ'æktənt] 反应物non-metal element ['ɛləmənt] 非金属元素chemical change 化学变化decomposition [,dikɑmpə'zɪʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən] 分解反应alloy ['ælɔɪ] 合金double decomposition reaction复分解反应valence ['veləns] 化合价compound['kɑmpaund] fertilizer ['fɝtl,aɪzɚ] 复合肥料mixture['mɪkstʃɚ]混合物composite [kəm'pɑzɪt] materials[met'raɪəls] 复合材料nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] change 核电荷chemical property ['prɑpɚtɪ]化学性质chemical formula['fɔrmjələ] 化学式chemical equation [ɪ'kweʃən] 化学方程式compound ['kɑmpaund]化合物combination [,kɑmbə'neʃən] reaction 化学反应coal 煤slow oxidation[,ɑksə'deʃən]缓慢氧化reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction 还原反应fossil['fɑs!] fuel['fjuəl] 化石燃料synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] rubber['rʌbɚ] 合成橡胶synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] fiber['faɪbɚ] 合成纤维chemical fertilizer['fɝtl,aɪzɚ] 化学肥料metal element 金属元素crystal ['krɪst!] 晶体crystallization[,krɪst!ɪ'zeʃən] 结晶alkali['ælkə,laɪ] 结晶diamond ['daɪəmənd] 金刚石methane['mɛθen]甲烷methanol['mɛθə,nol] 甲醇composition of air 空气的组成air pollution 空气污染liquefaction [,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən] of air 空气液化separation[,sɛpə'reʃən] of air 空气分离mineral['mɪnərəl] 矿物sulphuric acid ['æsɪd] 硫酸extinguisher [ɪk'stɪŋgwɪʃɚ] 灭火器sodium['sodɪəm]chloride['sodɪəm] 氯酸钠aluminium[,æljə'mɪnɪəm] 铝pesticide ['pɛstɪ,saɪd] 农药nano-materials[mə'tɪrɪəls]纳米农药glucose['glukos]葡萄糖hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən] 氢气properties of hydrogen 氢气的性质hydrochloric acid 氢气酸sodium ['sodɪəm] hydroxide [haɪ'drɑks,aɪd]氢氧化钠calcium ['kælsɪəm] hydroxide 氢氧化钙combustion [kəm'bʌstʃən] 燃烧dissolved[kəm'bʌstʃən]溶解solution[sə'luʃən]溶液solvent['sɑlvənt]溶剂solute[sɑ'ljut]溶质solubility [,sɑljə'bɪlətɪ]溶解度solubility curve [kɝv] 溶解度曲线mass fraction ['frækʃən] of solute 溶质质量分数emulsion [ɪ'mʌlʃən] 乳浊液pig iron ['aɪɚn] 生铁product ['prɑdəkt]生成物acid ['æsɪd] 酸acidity [ə'sɪdətɪ] and basicity [be'sɪsətɪ] 酸碱度acid rain 酸雨water 水composition of water 水的组成water pollution 水的污染graphite['græfaɪt]石墨litmus['lɪtməs]石蕊food additive ['ædətɪv] 食品添加剂petroleum[pə'trolɪəm]石油plastics['plæstɪks]塑料carbon碳properties of carbon 碳的性质carbohydrate['kɑrbə'haɪdret]碳水化合物iron['aɪɚn]铁rust [rʌst] 铁锈copper['kɑpɚ]洞sodium carbonate ['kɑrbə,net]碳酸钠nature gas 天然气physical ['fɪzɪk!] change 物理变化physical property 物理性质amorphous [ə'mɔrfəs] carbon 无定形碳vitamin['vaɪtəmɪn]维生素greenhouse effect [ɪ'fɛkt] 温室效应relative ['rɛlətɪv] atomic [ə'tɑmɪk] mass 相对原子质量relative molecular [mə'lɛkjəlɚ] mass 相对分子质量rare[rɛr] gas 稀有气体nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid 硝酸symbols['sɪmb!s] for elements元素符号periodic [,pɪrɪ'ɑdɪk] table of the elements 元素周期表salt [sɔlt] 盐oxidation [,ɑksə'deʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən]氧化反应oxide [rɪ'ækʃən] 氧化物oxygen['ɑksədʒən]氧气preparation of oxygen 氧气的制法properties of oxygen 氧气的性质use of oxygen 氧气的性质drinking water 饮用水hard water 硬水carbon monoxide[mɑn'ɑksaɪd]一氧化碳properties of carbon monoxide 一氧化碳的性质drug 药品organic [ɔr'gænɪk] compound ['kɑmpaund]有机物acetic [ə'sitɪk] acia乙酸ethanol ['ɛθə,nol] 乙醇nutrient ['njutrɪənt] 营养品oil 油fat脂肪sucrose ['sjukros] 蔗糖displacement reaction [rɪ'ækʃən] 置换反应law of conservation [,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of mass 质量守恒定律neutralization [,nutrələ'zeʃən] reaction 中和反应autoignition 自燃indicator ['ɪndə,ketɚ] 指示剂alkali['ælkə,laɪ]碱reactive[rɪ'æktɪv]活泼react[rɪ'ækt]反应filter['fɪltɚ]过滤filtrate['fɪltret]滤液test [tɛst] tube[tjub]试管spirit lamp酒精灯chemical apparatus[,æpə'retəs]化学仪器dropper['drɑpɚ]滴管asbestos [æs'bɛstəs] network['nɛt,wɝk]石棉网Set cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]集气瓶Glass rod[rɑd]玻璃棒Condenser冷凝管jar [dʒɑr] 广口瓶Flask锥形瓶Rubber plug[plʌg]橡皮塞Medicine spoon药匙Filter paper滤纸Forceps镊子Crucible tongs[tɔŋz]坩埚钳beaker['bikɚ]烧杯Graduated cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]量筒Particle['pɑrtɪk!]微粒light点燃Electrolysis电解Heating加热Sink水槽Boiled煮沸Thermometer ['θɝmə,græf]温度计solidify[sə'lɪdə,faɪ]凝固condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华sublime[sə'blaɪm]升华melt[mɛlt]熔化evaporate[ɪ'væpə,ret]蒸发alum ['æləm]明矾Conductive[kən'dʌktɪv]导电Solid固态state[stet]液态liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən]液化Liquid ['lɪkwɪd]液体Vapor ['vepɚ]汽态vaporize['vepə,raɪz]汽化Battery['bætərɪ]干电池Diamond钻石Alcohol['ælkə,hɔl]酒精dry ice干冰Reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction还原反应Dissolve[dɪ'zɑlv]溶解Peroxide[pə'rɑksaɪd]过氧化氢acetic [ə'sitɪk] acid醋酸Potassium [pə'tæsɪəm] permanganate[pɝ'mæŋgə,net] 高锰酸钾Biological [,baiə'lɔdʒikəl]Trace Element生物微量元素Caustic ['kɔstɪk] soda烧碱Soda ash[æʃ] 纯碱Hydrated ['haɪdretɪd] lime[laɪm] 熟石灰Quicklime ['kwɪk,laɪm] 生石灰Limestone石灰石Activated ['æktə,vetɪd] Carbon活性炭Soda苏打Baking soda小苏打dilute [daɪ'lut]稀释carbonic [kɑr'bɑnɪk] acid碳酸nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid硝酸sulfuric [sʌl'fjurɪk] acid硫酸hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən]氢nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən] 氮sodium ['sodɪəm] 钠magnesium ['mæg'niʃɪəm] 镁aluminum [ə'lumɪnəm] 铝phosphorous ['fɑsfərəs] 磷sulfur ['sʌlfɚ] 硫chlorine ['klorin] 氯potassium [pə'tæsɪəm] 钾calcium ['kælsɪəm] 钙titanium [taɪ'tenɪəm] 钛iron ['aɪɚn] 铁copper ['kɑpɚ] 铜zinc [zɪŋk] 锌silver ['sɪlvɚ] 银iodine ['aɪə,daɪn] 碘。
(完整版)化学常用英文词汇
(完整版)化学常用英文词汇化学常用英文词汇 (完整版)本文档旨在提供化学领域常用的英文词汇,以帮助读者更好地理解和研究化学知识。
基本概念- 化学 (Chemistry)- 元素 (Element)- 分子 (Molecule)- 反应 (Reaction)- 物质 (Substance)- 离子 (Ion)- 酸 (Acid)- 碱 (Base)- 中和 (Neutralization)- 溶液 (Solution)- 液体 (Liquid)- 固体 (Solid)- 气体 (Gas)常见元素以下是化学中常见的元素及其英文名称:- 氢 (Hydrogen)- 氧 (Oxygen)- 氮 (Nitrogen)- 碳 (Carbon)- 硫 (Sulfur)- 铁 (Iron)- 钠 (Sodium)- 钾 (Potassium)- 钙 (Calcium)- 氯 (Chlorine)- 磷 (Phosphorus)- 锌 (Zinc)- 汞 (Mercury)- 铜 (Copper)- 铝 (Aluminum)反应类型化学反应可分为多种类型,以下是常见的反应类型及其英文名称:- 氧化反应 (Oxidation)- 还原反应 (Reduction)- 酸碱反应 (Acid-base reaction)- 氢解反应 (Hydrolysis)- 合成反应 (Synthesis)- 双替换反应 (Double displacement)- 单替换反应 (Single displacement)- 沉淀反应 (Precipitation)实验设备以下是化学实验中常见的设备及其英文名称:- 烧杯 (Beaker)- 试管 (Test tube)- 酒精灯 (Alcohol lamp)- 分析天平 (Analytical balance)- 导管 (Burette)- 量筒 (Graduated cylinder)- 滴定管 (Pipette)- 镊子 (Tweezers)- 集气瓶 (Gas collecting bottle)- 反应瓶 (Reaction vessel)- 蒸发皿 (Evaporating dish)- 减压漏斗 (Vacuum filtration funnel)- 显微镜 (Microscope)常用化学术语以下是化学中常用的术语及其英文名称:- 浓度 (Concentration)- 温度 (Temperature)- 压力 (Pressure)- 化学键 (Chemical bond)- 氧化物 (Oxide)- 离子键 (Ionic bond)- 共价键 (Covalent bond)- 水解 (Hydrolysis)- 离子化 (Ionization)- 晶体结构 (Crystal structure)- 热力学 (Thermodynamics)- 动力学 (Kinetics)- 多聚物 (Polymer)这些是化学领域常用的英文词汇,希望对您有所帮助!。
化学英语名词汇总
初中化学英语名词explosion[ɪk'sploʒən]爆炸saturated['sætʃə,retɪd] solution[sə'luʃən]饱与溶液unsaturated solution 不饱与溶液pure [pjur] substance ['sʌbstəns] 纯洁物catalyst ['kætəlɪst] 催化剂deliquesce[,dɛlə'kwɛs] 潮解ozone ['ozon] 臭氧electron[ɪ'lɛktrɑn]电子molecule ['mɑlə,kjul] 分子atom ['ætəm] 原子atomic group [grup] 原子团ion['aɪən] 离子atomic [ə'tɑmɪk]structure ['strʌktʃɚ]原子构造atomic nucleus ['njuklɪəs] 原子核anion ['æn,aɪən] 阳离子cation ['kætaɪən] 阴离子proton['protɑn] 质子neutron['njutrɑn] 中子element 元素elementary [,ɛlə'mɛntərɪ] substance 单质nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən] 氮气air 空气starch [stɑrtʃ] 淀粉protein ['protiɪn] 蛋白质carbon ['kɑrbən] dioxide [daɪ'ɑksaɪd] 二氧化碳preparation [,prɛpə'reʃən] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳制法properties ['prɑpɚ taɪs] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳性质use of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳用途gold 金steel 钢phenolphthalein['finɔl'θælin]酚酞reactant [rɪ'æktənt] 反响物non-metal element ['ɛləmənt] 非金属元素chemical change 化学变化decomposition [,dikɑmpə'zɪʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən] 分解反响alloy ['ælɔɪ] 合金double decomposition reaction复分解反响valence ['veləns] 化合价compound['kɑmpaund] fertilizer ['fɝtl,aɪzɚ] 复合肥料mixture['mɪkstʃɚ]混合物composite [kəm'pɑzɪt] materials[met'raɪəls] 复合材料nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] change 核电荷chemical property ['prɑpɚtɪ] 化学性质chemical formula['fɔrmjələ] 化学式chemical equation [ɪ'kweʃən] 化学方程式compound ['kɑmpaund]化合物combination [,kɑmbə'neʃən] reaction 化学反响coal 煤slow oxidation[,ɑksə'deʃən] 缓慢氧化reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction 复原反响fossil['fɑs!] fuel['fjuəl] 化石燃料synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] rubber['rʌbɚ] 合成橡胶synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] fiber['faɪbɚ] 合成纤维chemical fertilizer['fɝtl,aɪzɚ] 化学肥料metal element 金属元素crystal ['krɪst!] 晶体crystallization[,krɪst!ɪ'zeʃən] 结晶alkali['ælkə,laɪ] 结晶diamond ['daɪəmənd] 金刚石methane['mɛθen]甲烷methanol['mɛθə,nol] 甲醇composition of air 空气的组成air pollution 空气污染liquefaction [,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən] of air 空气液化separation[,sɛpə'reʃən] of air 空气别离mineral['mɪnərəl] 矿物sulphuric acid ['æsɪd] 硫酸extinguisher [ɪk'stɪŋgwɪʃɚ] 灭火器sodium['sodɪəm]chloride['sodɪəm] 氯酸钠aluminium[,æljə'mɪnɪəm] 铝pesticide ['pɛstɪ,saɪd] 农药nano-materials[mə'tɪrɪəls]纳米农药glucose['glukos]葡萄糖hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən] 氢气properties of hydrogen 氢气的性质hydrochloric acid 氢气酸sodium ['sodɪəm] hydroxide [haɪ'drɑks,aɪd] 氢氧化钠calcium ['kælsɪəm] hydroxide 氢氧化钙combustion [kəm'bʌstʃən] 燃烧dissolved[kəm'bʌstʃən]溶解solution[sə'luʃən]溶液solvent['sɑlvənt]溶剂solute[sɑ'ljut]溶质solubility [,sɑljə'bɪlətɪ] 溶解度solubility curve [kɝv] 溶解度曲线mass fraction ['frækʃən] of solute 溶质质量分数emulsion [ɪ'mʌlʃən] 乳浊液pig iron ['aɪɚn] 生铁product ['prɑdəkt] 生成物acid ['æsɪd] 酸acidity [ə'sɪdətɪ] and basicity [be'sɪsətɪ] 酸碱度acid rain 酸雨water 水composition of water 水的组成water pollution 水的污染graphite['græfaɪt]石墨litmus['lɪtməs]石蕊food additive ['ædətɪv] 食品添加剂petroleum[pə'trolɪəm]石油plastics['plæstɪks]塑料carbon碳properties of carbon 碳的性质carbohydrate['kɑrbə'haɪdret]碳水化合物iron['aɪɚn]铁rust [rʌst] 铁锈copper['kɑpɚ]洞sodium carbonate ['kɑrbə,net] 碳酸钠nature gas 天然气physical ['fɪzɪk!] change 物理变化physical property 物理性质amorphous [ə'mɔrfəs] carbon 无定形碳vitamin['vaɪtəmɪn]维生素greenhouse effect [ɪ'fɛkt] 温室效应relative ['rɛlətɪv] atomic [ə'tɑmɪk] mass 相对原子质量relative molecular [mə'lɛkjəlɚ] mass 相对分子质量rare[rɛr] gas 稀有气体nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid 硝酸symbols['sɪmb!s] for elements元素符号periodic [,pɪrɪ'ɑdɪk] table of the elements 元素周期表salt [sɔlt] 盐oxidation [,ɑksə'deʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən]氧化反响oxide [rɪ'ækʃən] 氧化物oxygen['ɑksədʒən]氧气preparation of oxygen 氧气的制法properties of oxygen 氧气的性质use of oxygen 氧气的性质drinking water 饮用水hard water 硬水carbon monoxide[mɑn'ɑksaɪd] 一氧化碳properties of carbon monoxide 一氧化碳的性质drug 药品organic [ɔr'gænɪk] compound ['kɑmpaund]有机物acetic [ə'sitɪk] acia乙酸ethanol ['ɛθə,nol] 乙醇nutrient ['njutrɪənt] 营养品oil 油fat脂肪sucrose ['sjukros] 蔗糖displacement reaction [rɪ'ækʃən] 置换反响law of conservation [,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of mass 质量守恒定律neutralization [,nutrələ'zeʃən] reaction 中与反响autoignition 自燃indicator ['ɪndə,ketɚ] 指示剂alkali['ælkə,laɪ]碱reactive[rɪ'æktɪv]活泼react[rɪ'ækt]反响filter['fɪltɚ]过滤filtrate['fɪltret]滤液test [tɛst] tube[tjub]试管spirit lamp酒精灯chemical apparatus[,æpə'retəs]化学仪器dropper['drɑpɚ]滴管asbestos [æs'bɛstəs] network['nɛt,wɝk]石棉网Set cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]集气瓶Glass rod[rɑd]玻璃棒Condenser冷凝管jar [dʒɑr] 广口瓶Flask锥形瓶Rubber plug[plʌg]橡皮塞Medicine spoon药匙Filter paper滤纸Forceps镊子Crucible tongs[tɔŋz]坩埚钳beaker['bikɚ]烧杯Graduated cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]量筒Particle['pɑrtɪk!]微粒light点燃Electrolysis电解Heating加热Sink水槽Boiled煮沸Thermometer ['θɝmə,græf]温度计solidify[sə'lɪdə,faɪ]凝固condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华sublime[sə'blaɪm]升华melt[mɛlt]熔化evaporate[ɪ'væpə,ret]蒸发alum ['æləm]明矾Conductive[kən'dʌktɪv]导电Solid固态state[stet]液态liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən]液化Liquid ['lɪkwɪd]液体Vapor ['vepɚ]汽态vaporize['vepə,raɪz]汽化Battery['bætərɪ]干电池Diamond钻石Alcohol['ælkə,hɔl]酒精dry ice干冰Reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction复原反响Dissolve[dɪ'zɑlv]溶解Peroxide[pə'rɑksaɪd] 过氧化氢acetic [ə'sitɪk] acid醋酸Potassium [pə'tæsɪəm] permanganate[pɝ'mæŋgə,net] 高锰酸钾Biological [,baiə'lɔdʒikəl]Trace Element生物微量元素Caustic ['kɔstɪk] soda烧碱Soda ash[æʃ] 纯碱Hydrated ['haɪdretɪd] lime[laɪm] 熟石灰Quicklime ['kwɪk,laɪm] 生石灰Limestone石灰石Activated ['æktə,vetɪd] Carbon活性炭Soda苏打Baking soda小苏打dilute [daɪ'lut]稀释carbonic [kɑr'bɑnɪk] acid碳酸nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid硝酸sulfuric [sʌl'fjurɪk] acid硫酸hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən]氢nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən] 氮sodium ['sodɪəm] 钠magnesium ['mæg'niʃɪəm] 镁aluminum [ə'lumɪnəm] 铝phosphorous ['fɑsfərəs] 磷sulfur ['sʌlfɚ] 硫chlorine ['klorin] 氯potassium [pə'tæsɪəm] 钾calcium ['kæl sɪəm] 钙titanium [taɪ'tenɪəm] 钛iron ['aɪɚn] 铁copper ['kɑpɚ] 铜zinc [zɪŋk] 锌silver ['sɪlvɚ] 银iodine ['aɪə,daɪn] 碘。
化学英语单词汇总
LESSON 11 NEUTRALIZATION – ACIDS REACT WITH BASES中和——酸碱反应生词neutralization,nju:trlai'zein,n. 化学中和;化学中和作用;中立状态li'z-Drano Drano是一个排水管清洁剂的品牌,主要成分是氢氧化钠;绯闻女孩 - You are not using Blair as sexual Drano. lye lai n. 碱液 vt. 用碱液洗涤;soda lye:氢氧化钠oven'vn n. 炉,灶;烤炉,烤箱Sodium chloridechloride'kl:raid n. 氯化物add d vi. 加;vinegar'viniɡn. 醋hydrochloric,haidru'klrik adj. 氯化氢的,盐酸的chapter'tpt n. 章;recognize'rekɡnaiz vt. 认出,识别;承认 vi. 确认,承认;具结shortcut':tkt n. 捷径;被切短的东西;快捷键-desktop shortcut:桌面快捷方式;桌面捷径beneath bi'ni:θprep. 在…之下 adv. 在下方literally'litrli adv. 照字面地;逐字地coefficient,kui'fint n. 数系数;率;协同因素 adj. 合作的;共同作用的calcium'klsim n. 化学钙electric charge n. 电荷等于charge,electricity;电费as simple a manner as possibleattached to附属于;系于;爱慕in contact with接触;与…有联系as a group of作为整体;总体来讲negative number n. 数负数; -1 Negative oneHCl +NaOH → H2O + NaClHydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide and yields water and sodium chlorideH2SO4+2NaOH → 2H2O + Na2SO4A molecule of sulfuric acid reacts with 2 molecules of sodium hydroxide and yield 2 molecules ofwater and a molecule of sodium sulfate辨析fabric'fbrik n. 织物;布;组织;构造;建筑物fabrics n. 纺织品;织物;装饰织物;面料hydroxide hai'drksaid n. 无化氢氧化物;羟化物Hydroxide ion OH-氢氧根离子; H+ hydrogen ion 氢离子molecule'mlikjul n. 化学分子;微小颗粒,微粒molecular mu'lekjul adj. 化学分子的;由分子组成的cation'ktain n. 化学阳离子;化学正离子anion'nain n. 阴离子Negative ion阴离子Positive ion阳离子nitric'naitrik adj. 氮的;含氮的;硝石的;~ acid: 硝酸nitrate'naitreit n. 硝酸盐nitrate anion 硝酸根阴离子:nitrate ion 硝酸根离子sulfuric sl'fjurik adj. 硫磺的;含六价硫的 sulfuric acid 硫酸sulfate'slfeit n. 无化硫酸盐; sulfate ionphosphoric fs'frik, -'f:-adj. 磷的,含磷的phosphate'fsfeit n. 磷酸盐;皮膜化成LESSON 18 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SURFACTANT SOLUSION-FORMATION OF MICELLE表面活性剂溶液的物理性质——胶团的形成生词surfactant s:'fktnt n. 表面活性剂;adj. 表面活性剂的micelle mi'sel, mai-n. 分子生物胶束;生物微团dilute dai'lju:t, di-adj. 稀释的;淡的electrolytes i'lektr,laits n. 电解质;电解质类electrolyte的复数形式abrupt'brpt abrupt change突变;陡变Turbidity t:'bidti, t:'biditi n. 分化浊度;浑浊;混浊度;混乱anomalous'nmls adj. 异常的;不规则的;不恰当的aggregate'ɡriɡt, 'ɡriɡeit vt. 聚集;合计 n. 集合体;总计; adj. 聚合的;集合的;合计的lipophilic,lipu'filik, lai-adj. 亲脂性的,亲脂的orientate':rienteit 1.使向东;2.给...定位;3. 使适应interior in'tiri n. 内部;本质 adj. 内部的;国内的;本质的appreciable'pri:ibl adj. 可感知的;可评估的;相当可观的aqueous'eikwis adj. 水的,水般的; aqueous medium 水介质electrostatic i,lektr'sttik adj. 静电的;静电学的repulsion ri'pln n. 排斥;反驳;反感;厌恶halve hɑ:v, hv vt. 二等分;把……减半well defined轮廓分明的;意义明确的act as担当in force有效的;大批地;大规模地take place发生Point out指出critical micelle物理化学临界胶团浓度concentrationbe expected to有望做某事;被期待做某事In term of依据,按照;在…方面ca.'s:k Circa prep. 大约于 adv. 大约dm'desi,mi:t Decimeter n. 主英国英语分米=1/10米略作dm.cubic'kju:bik adj. 立方体的,立方的mol mul n. 化学摩尔;化学克分子等于mole association,susi'ein, ,sui'ei-n. 缔合;协会,联盟,社团;联合;联想dissociation di,sui'ein n. 分解,分离;分裂ion'ain n. 化学离子ionic ai'nik Adj. 离子的conductance kn'dktns n. 电电导;导率;电导系数conductivity,kndk'tiviti n. 导电性;物生理传导性lipophilic,lipu'filik, lai-adj. 亲脂性的,亲脂的lipo n. 脂肪philic suff. 亲…的; 嗜…的suffix字尾;接尾;附加....Hydro philic,haidru'filik adj. 亲水的Hydro phobic,haidru'fubik adj. 疏水的;狂犬病的;恐水病的;Half hɑ:f, hf n. 一半;adv. 一半地;adj. 一半的;不完全的;半途的Halve hɑ:v, hv vt. 二等分;把……减半halves hɑ:vz, hvz n. 一学期;两等份half的复数形式LESSON 23 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS I有机化合物的物理性质I朗读注意:revolution,rev'lju:n n. 革命revolutionize,rev'lju:naiz vt. 发动革命;彻底改革;宣传革命elucidate i'lu:si,deit vt. 阐明;说明spectral'spektrl adj. 光光谱的;幽灵的;鬼怪的elasticity,els'tisti n.弹性solubility,slju'bilti n.溶解性,可溶性;溶解度viscosity vi'sksti n. 黏性tensile strength'tensail; -sl物理学抗张强度,抗拉强度,拉伸强度equilibrium,i:kwi'librim n. 平衡状态Over在…期间;直到…完了或过后:morphous形,形态isomorphous,aisu'm:fs adj. 生物同形的;晶体同晶的morphism'm:fizm n. 数态射;形态主义Polymorphism,pli'm:fizm n. 多态性;多形性;同质多晶现象Polymorphs n. 同质多形体;多晶型物crystalline'kristlain adj. 结晶的crystallize'krist,laiz. 使结晶:ambiguity,mbi'ɡju:iti n. 含糊;不明确;暧昧;模棱两可的话externally eks't:nli adv. 外部地;外表上,外形上discoloration dis,kl'rein n. 变色;污点evolution,i:v'lu:n, ,ev-n. 演变;进化论;进展material m'tirilroughly'rfli adv. 粗糙地;大致上symmetrical si'metrikl adj. 对称的stereoisomeric'steriu,ais'merik adj. 立体异构的Maleic n. 顺丁烯; acid顺丁烯二酸马来酸;Fumaric fju:'mrik adj. 反丁烯二酸的; 反丁烯二酸; 有化富马酸;延胡索酸;Carboxylic ,kɑ:bk'silik adj. 有化羧基的deals withtransition points转变点LESSON 24 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS II朗读注意:LESSON 44 A NOTE ON NOMENCATURE 朗读注意:5Polymethyl meth acrylate'mi:θail meθn. 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯Poly1-methoxy-carbonyl-1-methylethylene m'θksi n. 聚1-甲氧基-羰基-1-甲基乙烯methyl'mi:θail n. 有化甲基;木精acrylate'krileit n. 丙烯酸盐,丙烯酸脂methoxy- m'θksi化学表示“甲氧基”carbonyl'kɑ:bnil n. 羰基含有羰基的金属化合物;碳酰6polypropylene,pli'prup,li:n n. 高分子聚丙烯7Poly styrene,pli'stairi:n n. 高分子聚苯乙烯Phenyl ethylene,fen'eθili:n n. 有化苯乙烯8Polytetra fluoro ethylene'tetr,flur'eθli:n n. 有化四氟乙烯Polydi fluoro methylene n. 有化聚二氟甲叉Per fluoro ethylene全氟乙烯9Polyvinyl acetate'vainil 'siteit 聚醋酸乙烯Poly1-acetoxy-ethylene'eθili:nvinyl'vainil n. 乙烯基acetoxy n. 有化乙酸基10Polyvinyl alcohol'vainil聚乙烯醇Poly1-hydroxy-ethylenehydroxy hai'drksi adj. 氢氧根的;含羟基的n. 羟基11LESSON 45 INTRODUCTION TO POLYMER SCIENCE I朗读注意:alchemist'lkimist n. 炼金术士medieval,medi'i:vl adj. 中世纪的;原始的;仿中世纪的;老式的artisan,ɑ:ti'zn, 'ɑ:tizn n. 工匠,技工degrade'di'ɡreid化学使化合物降解depolymerize di:'plimraiz vt.,vi. 化学使高分子化合物解聚aging'eidi n. 老化;陈化,熟化denature di:'neit vi. 变性albumin'lbjumin n. 生化白蛋白,生化清蛋白Wool wul n. 羊毛;毛线;毛织品;proteinaceous,pruti:'neis, -ti:i-adj. 蛋白质的;朊的carbohydrate,kɑ:bu'haidreit n. 有化碳水化合物;有化糖类Flax flks n. 亚麻hevea'hi:vi n. 三叶胶一种橡胶树,产于南美洲elastomer i'lstm n. 力弹性体,高分子高弹体tan tn vt. 鞣革;leather'lee n. 皮革;皮革制品tortoise't:ts n. 龟nitrate'naitreit n. 硝酸盐;vt. 用硝酸处理tar tɑ:n. 焦油;柏油caulking'k:ki n. 堵缝;压紧 adj. 堵缝的;嵌缝的 v. 建堵缝;凿密caulking material填隙料;填颖材料;嵌缝材料Shellac'lk, 'elk n. 虫胶;虫漆excrement'ekskrimnt n. 粪便,排泄物coccid'kksid n. 介壳虫Urea'juri n. 肥料尿素despite di'spait prep. 尽管,不管ebonite'ebnait n. 橡胶硬橡胶;硬化橡皮;硬橡皮Thermoset'θ:muset n. 热固性;热凝物;adj. 热固性的thermoplastic,θ:mu'plstik adj. 热塑性的;n. 塑料热塑性塑料vulcanized'vlknaizd adj. 化学硫化的multitudinous,mlti'tju:dins adj. 大量的,群集的;多种多样的celluloid'seljulid n. 赛璐珞;美俚电影胶片collodion k'ludjn美国英语化学胶棉;火棉胶;珂罗酊ethyl ether'i:θail 'i:θ化学二乙醚 = etherterminology,t:mi'nldi n. 术语,术语学;用辞classified as分类为tough meat老肉base metals基本金属;廉价金属base metal的复数Wohler德国化学家乌拉Kekule凯库勒Charles and Nelson Goodyear查尔斯固特异Schonbein舍恩拜因、史空扁Menard梅纳德Parkes and Hyatt帕克斯、海特Chardonnet夏尔多内LESSON 46 INTRODUCTION TO POLYMER SCIENCE 2朗读注意:LESSON 47 INTRODUCTION TO POLYMER SCIENCE 3生词:Prior'praigalalith'glliθn. 乳石,酪素塑料casein'keisi:in n. 酪蛋白rayon'rein n. 人造纤维 adj.glyptal'ɡliptl n. 甘酞树脂,丙三醇邻苯二甲酐树脂bitumen'bitjumin n. 沥青asphalt'sflt n. 沥青;柏油Coumarone-indene'ku:m,run 'indi:n n. 香豆酮;苯并呋喃;氧茚;n. 茚petroleum pi'trulim n.石油chronological,krn'ldikl adj.依时间前后排列而记载的laureate'l:rit n. 桂冠诗人;得奖者cyclohexane,saiklu'heksein n. 环己烷crystallite'krist,lait n. 微晶;皱晶aliphatic,li'ftik adj. 脂肪质的,脂肪族的polyamide,pli'maid n. 高分子聚酰胺尼龙nylon'nailn n. 尼龙;聚酰胺纤维;emulsion i'mln n. 乳剂;乳状液laid the ground work奠定了基础工作Leave… alone不打扰;不干涉;不管;不理there is every reason有充分的理由做某事Hormann Staudinger霍曼施陶丁格Carothers卡洛修斯Meyer and Mark'meij迈耶LESSON 48 INTRODUCTION TO POLYMER SCIENCE 4朗读注意:LESSON 52 DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS 差热分析朗读注意:。
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电沉积Electrodeposition纳米材料Nano materials电化学沉积Electrochemical deposition药物化学Pharmaceutical Chemistry气相色谱Gas chromatography高效液相色谱High Performance Liquid Chromatography 基因组学Genomics蛋白组学Proteomics代谢组学Metabonomics持久性有机污染物POPs环境催化剂Environmental Catalysts高分子合成Polymer Synthesis高分子材料Polymer Materials化学推进剂Propellants原子光谱Atomic spectrometry核酸化学Nucleic Acids Chemistry绿色化学Green Chemistry多孔材料Porous material荧光分析Fluorescence analysis磷光光谱Phosphorescence spectrum生物发光Bioluminescence聚合物分子Polymer molecular生物化学与生物化学工程Biochemistry生物机体living organism碳水化合物carbohydrate脂类lipid核酸nucleic acid生物分子biomolecule化学性质chemical property聚合物(体)polymer酶催化反应enzyme-catalyzed reactions细胞代谢cell metabolism内分泌系统endocrine system遗传密码genetic code蛋白质合成protein synthesis细胞膜运输cell membrane transport共同祖先common ancestor单体与聚合物Monomers and Polymers单体Monomer聚合物Polymer巨大分子macromolecule脱水合成dehydration synthesis单糖Monosaccharide葡萄糖glucose去氧核醣deoxyribose甘油三酸酯triglyceride脂肪酸fatty acid磷脂phospholipid氨基amino group肽键peptide bond多肽polypeptide脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid核糖核酸ribonucleic acid核苷酸nucleotide腺嘌呤adenine胞嘧啶cytosine鸟嘌呤(核酸的基本成分)guanine胸腺嘧啶thymine尿嘧啶uracil冷凝condensation醛醣aldose酮糖ketose杂环heterocyclic ring羟基hydroxyl group双糖类Disaccharides以醚键ether bond水解hydrolysis乳糖酶缺乏lactase deficiency还原端reducing end五环糖furanose吡喃糖pyranose低聚糖oligosaccharide多聚糖polysaccharide细胞膜质cellulose糖原质glycogen细胞壁cell wall糖原磷酸化酶glycogen phosphorylase 醣酵解glycolysis丙酮酸盐(或酯)pyruvate三磷酸腺苷ATP需氧细胞aerobic cells乙酰辅酶Aacetyl CoA还原型辅酶NADH柠檬酸[三羟酸]循环citric acid cycle糖质新生Gluconeogenesis厌氧代谢anaerobic metabolism柯氏循环Cori cycle肌动蛋白actin肌凝蛋白myosin(生)抗体Antibody酶联免疫吸附测定enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 酶作用物substrate催化catalyze氨基酸amino acid羧酸carboxylic acid神经传递素neurotransmitter二肽dipeptide一级结构primary structure二级结构Secondary structure三级结构Tertiary structureα-螺旋型α-helix谷氨酸glutamateβ折叠β-sheet缬氨酸valine有机化学与有机化学工程Organic chemistry化合物chemical compounds碳carbon氢hydrogen卤素halogen磷phosphorus硅silicon硫黄sulfur过渡金属transition metal碳元素elemental carbon氧化物oxide富勒烯fullerene手性合成chiral synthesis不对称合成Asymmetric synthesis有机合成organic synthesis手性助剂chiral auxiliaries等方性isotropic差向(立体)异构(作用)epimerization取代反应substitution reactionChiral pool synthesis不对称诱导asymmetric induction对映(结构)体enantiomer非对映异构体diastereomer醇醛缩合反应aldol reaction掌性配位基chiral ligands脱羧decarboxylation手性有机小分子催化剂Asymmetric Organocatalysts 生物催化剂biocatalyst三苯基膦triphenylphosphine氢化(作用)hydrogenation对映体过量百分比enantiomeric excess cyclopropanation苯乙烯styrene坚硬粘土岩(页岩的一种)BINA烯烃alkene氢氰化(作用)Hydrocyanation绿色化学green chemistry环境化学environmental chemistry污染预防法案Pollution Prevention Act点击化学Click chemistry超临界状态的二氧化碳supercritical carbon dioxide 过氧化氢水溶液aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution 超临界水氧化supercritical water oxidation莽草酸shikimate酵素ferment丙二醇propylene glycol乙二醇ethylene glycol防冻剂antifreeze聚丙醇酸polylactic acid聚合polymerization交酯lactide氟氯化碳CFC硝基苯nitrobenzene苯胺aniline微波化学microwave chemistry微波辐射microwave irradiation电荷electric charge电场electric field极性溶剂Polar solvent电流electric current电阻electrical resistance反应速率reaction rate过热superheating损耗正切loss tangent能量损耗energy dissipation温度梯度temperature gradient传热heat transfer热平衡thermal equilibrium定态steady state纳米粒nanoparticles二进制binary system相转移反应phase transfer reaction三氯甲烷chloroform高分子化学Macromolecular chemistry 化学合成Chemical synthesis化学反应chemical reactions试剂reagent反应类型reaction type化学反应器chemical reactor反应产率reaction yield副反应side reaction级联反应cascade reaction多元反应multicomponent reaction全合成total synthesis半合成的semisynthetic化合反应combination reaction高分子Macromolecule生物高聚物biopolymer核苷酸nucleotide(包含15个原子以上的)大环macrocycle 赫尔曼·施陶丁格Hermann Staudinger伯齐利厄斯Berzelius异性isomerism苯benzene分子间力intermolecular forces共键价covalent bonds化学计量学stoichiometry分子质量molecular mass碱基对base pair染色体chromosome变性denature高分子物理Polymer physics波动fluctuation力学性质mechanical property(使)聚合polymerise凝聚态物理condensed matter physics 统计物理学statistical physics高分子科学polymer science热力学极限thermodynamic limit统计力学statistical mechanics布朗运动brownian motion随机游动random walk理想链ideal chain玻耳兹曼因子Boltzmann factor余辉长度persistence length回转半径radius of gyration物理化学Physical chemistry热力学thermodynamics表面张力surface tension抗拉强度tensile strength可塑性plasticity化学动力学chemical kinetics反应机理reaction mechanism过渡态transition states质量作用定律law of mass action速度常数rate constant热能thermal energy麦克斯韦-玻耳兹曼分布学Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution 温度跃变temperature jump自身催化autocatalysis反应速率公式reaction rate laws零级反应zero order reactions一级反应first order reaction正反馈positive feedback邻位促进neighbouring group participation可逆反应reversible reaction化学钟Chemical clock二级反应second order reactionBelousov-Zhabotinsky reaction自由能变化free energy change线性自由能关系linear free energy relationships停留时间residence time动态同位素效应kinetic isotope effect速控步rate-determining step活化能activation energy阿雷尼厄斯方程Arrhenius equation艾林方程式Eyring equation碰撞理论collision theory物理状态physical state离子交换(作用)ion exchange水溶液aqueous solution水反应Water reaction有机反应organic reaction乳剂emulsion有机溶剂organic solvent干介质反应dry media reaction克莱森重排Claisen rearrangement化学产率chemical yield环加成cycloaddition四环庚烷quadricyclane环己烷cyclohexane反应底物reactants烯类反应Ene reaction氢键结合hydrogen bonding吲哚indole二氯甲dichloromethane乙腈acetonitrile三苯基膦triphenylphosphine区域选择性regioselective偶极环加成dipolar cycloaddition传热heat transfer量子化学quantum chemistry量子力学quantum mechanics量子场论quantum field theory原子物理学atomic physics密度泛函理论density functional theory 动能kinetic energy势能potential energy原子轨道atomic orbitals玻尔模型Bohr model概率分布probability distribution预测能力predictive power(元素)周期表periodic table波粒二象性wave-particle duality价键Valence bond分子轨道Molecular orbital波(动)函数wave function化学动力学Chemical dynamics天体化学astrochemistry(低温)量子流体动力学quantum hydrodynamics 电化学electrochemistry电解液electrolyte电子转移electron transfer氧化还原作用redox外电路external circuit氧化态oxidation state辛烷octane丁烷butane离子电子法Ion-Electron Method半反应half reactions铋酸钠sodium bismuthate高锰酸钾Potassium permanganate亚硫酸钠Sodium sulfite完全燃烧complete combustion伏打电池Voltaic cell导电聚体conductive polymers硫酸铜copper sulfate丹聂耳电池Daniell cell盐桥salt bridge电势electrical potential电动势electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential化学(当量)计算系数stoichiometric coefficient 强度性质intensive property化学能chemical energy电功electrical work自发反应spontaneous reaction电化电池electrochemical cell燃料电池fuel cell平衡常数equilibrium constant常用对数Briggsian logarithm吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy自然对数natural logarithm反应系数reaction quotient法拉第常数(恒量)Faraday constant干电池Dry cell氯化铵ammonium chloride二氧化铅lead dioxide轻金属light metal全钒氧化还原液流电池vanadium redox battery 锌溴电池zinc bromine battery苛性钾caustic potash耐蚀铸铁Iron corrosion碳酸铜copper carbonate钝化passivation锡杯tin can非自发过程non-spontaneous process化学当量chemical equivalent无机化学与无机化学工程Inorganic chemistry 无机化合物inorganic compounds有机金属化学organometallic chemistry电离电位ionization potential电子亲合势electron affinity碳酸盐类carbonates硫酸盐类sulfates无机反应inorganic reaction双取代反应double displacement路易斯酸Lewis acidHSAB theory矿物minerals多磷酸盐polyphosphate有机金属化学organometallic chemistry团簇化学cluster chemistry生物无机化学bioinorganic chemistry酸碱化学acid-base chemistry工业无机化学Industrial inorganic chemistry 氨ammonia硫酸铝aluminium sulfate硝酸铵ammonium nitrate硫酸铵ammonium sulfate碳黑carbon black氯chlorine盐酸hydrochloric acid氢hydrogen过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide硝酸nitric acid氮nitrogen氧oxygen(正)磷酸phosphoric acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate氯酸钠sodium chlorate氢氧化钠sodium hydroxide硅酸钠sodium silicate硫酸钠sodium sulfate硫磺酸sulfuric acid二氧化钛titanium dioxide描述无机化学Descriptive inorganic chemistry 配位化合物Coordination compounds超锕transactinide对映(结构)体enantiomer理论配比stoichiometric巴基管buckytubes四氮化四硫tetrasulfur tetranitride乙硼烷diborane硅有机树脂silicone巴克敏斯特富勒烯buckminsterfullerene金属羰基化合物metal carbonyls醇盐alkoxide原子簇化合物Cluster compounds纳米技术nanotechnology量子尺寸效应quantum size effects硒化镉cadmium selenide腐植酸humic acid血色素hemoglobin甲基水银methylmercury羧肽酶carboxypeptidase结晶学crystallography凝聚态物理condensed matter physics硅片silicon chips沸石zeolite石油与天然气化学工程Fossil fuels碳氢化合物hydrocarbons石油petroleum无烟煤anthracite coalfossilized remains油气生物成因学说biogenic theory无机成因气abiogenic gas水力发电hydroelectric地热geothermal不可更新的资源non-renewable resources 可再生能renewable energy辐射力radiative forcing地质时代geological time油页岩oil shale陆生植物Terrestrial plant浮游植物phytoplankton重质原油Heavy crude oil水成岩sedimentary rock合成原油synthetic crude oil蒸汽机steam engine煤气灯gas light柴油diesel oil石油化工业petrochemical industry能源开发Energy development沥青砂tar sand沥青bitumen内燃机internal combustion engine石化产品petrochemical化学工程Chemical Engineering 弹性体elastomer自然科学physical science木材加工wood processing阿司匹林aspirin水杨酸salicylic acid乙酸酐acetic anhydride贮料筒仓storage silo螺旋输送机screw conveyor蒸馏物distillation单元操作unit operation动量转移momentum transfer化学分离chemical separation反应蒸馏reactive distillation质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum气态平衡mass balances能量衡算energy balances迁移现象transport phenomena大气层内外aerospace有机染料Organic Dye生物相容性材料bio-compatible materials 弥补术prosthetics凝胶gel绝缘体dielectric化学分离技术Separation Technology混合物mixture传质mass transfer顺流downstream吸附(作用)Adsorption离心过滤Centrifugation移注Decantation除雾器Demister电泳Electrophoresis淘析Elutriation蒸发(作用)Evaporation提取Extraction滤取Leaching液液萃取Liquid-liquid extraction固体萃取Solid phase extraction絮凝FlocculationFractional freezing微孔过滤microfiltration超滤(作用)ultrafiltration反渗透reverse osmosis合成膜synthetic membranes油水分离Oil-water separation天然气加工natural gas processing 沉淀Precipitation再结晶Recrystallize重力选Gravity separation升华Sublimation汽-液分离Vapor-liquid separation 区域精炼Zone refining化学反应Chemical reaction化学物质chemical substances化学变化chemical change催化catalyze代谢途径metabolic pathway直接混合Direct combination氧化数oxidation number烧毁Combustion官能团functional group歧化disproportionation烯醇化物enolate次氯酸盐hypochlorite表面面积Surface area电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation速率式rate law化学其他分支Others分析化学Analytical chemistry可调谐激光器tunable laser元分析elemental analysis定性无机分析Qualitative inorganic analysis 定量分析Quantitative analysis滴定Titration重量分析Gravimetric analysis光谱学Spectroscopy质谱法Mass Spectrometry Electroanalytical method热量测定Calorimetry热重分析thermogravimetric analysislab-on-a-chip校准曲线calibration curve原子吸收光谱法Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)原子发射光谱法Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES)原子荧光光谱法Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS)毛细管电泳分析Capillary electrophoresis (CE)色谱法Chromatography计算机断层扫描Computed tomography循环伏安法Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)差示扫描量热法Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)电子顺磁共振Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)场流分离理论Field Flow Fractionation (FFF)流动注射分析Flow Injection Analysis (FIA)傅里叶变换光谱Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR)气相色谱Gas chromatography (GC)气相色谱-质谱联用分析仪Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)高效液相色谱High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)电感耦合等离子体焰炬Inductively coupled plasma (ICP)离子选择性电极法Ion selective electrode (ISE)激光诱导击穿光谱仪Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)理论化学Theoretical chemistry计算化学computational chemistry双极子dipole多极矩multipole moments振动频率vibrational frequencies跨部门cross sections碰撞collision玻恩-奥本海默近似Born-Oppenheimer approximation 薛定谔方程Schroedinger Equation狄拉克方程Dirac equation密度泛函理论density functional theory经典力学classical mechanics化学数据库chemical databases化学结构chemical structures位能面potential energy surface反应坐标reaction coordinate直接量子化学direct quantum chemistrymolecular Hamiltonian分子轨道理论molecular orbital theory自旋运动轨道spin orbitLCAO ansatz立体基阵configurations分子几何学molecular geometry过渡结构transition structures热化学thermochemistry生成焓enthalpy of formation过渡结构transition structure力场force field固体物理solid state physics能带结构band structure自由度degrees of freedom时间演变time evolution分子中的原子理论Atoms in Molecules valence bond model拓扑topology从头计算Ab initioDensity functional theory分子力学Molecular mechanics散射理论scattering theory波包wave packet数学化学Mathematical chemistry化学图论chemical graph theory立体化学stereochemistry化学信息学Cheminformatics核化学Nuclear chemistry辐射化学Radiation chemistry核反应nuclear reaction异构化Isomerisation重氢deuterium放射衰变radioactive decay弹性碰撞elastic collision阿尔法粒子alpha particle原子质量单位atomic mass unit结合能binding energy质能等价性mass-energy equivalence (原子)能级energy level伽马射线gamma rays电子壳层electron shell辐射谱线emission lines粒子加速器particle accelerator宇宙射线cosmic rays分裂,蜕变Spallation感应发射Induced emission核子分裂nuclear fission锕类actinide核燃料循环nuclear fuel cycle普雷克斯PUREXX射线结晶学X-ray crystallography 宇生核素Cosmogenic isotopes。