机电专业英语PPT课件
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他的价值观念似乎陈旧了。 • immense [i mens] adj.极大的，巨大的
例句：They made an immense improvement in English.
在E英nd语方面他们取得了巨大的进步To。pic Above Next
centrifugal [sen‘trifjugəl] adj.离心的
mass-produced大(批)量生产的
Section II Text
Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ev er since the beginning of the Industrial Revo lution at the end of the 18th century.（自从 18世纪末工业革命开始，工业机械化进 程一直在不断地发展，并且变得越来越 复杂。） The current developments of auto matic processes are, however, different from the old ones.（但目前的工业自动化过程 较以前的工业自动化过程有很大的不同）
）
Now people often talk about “feedback” as b
eing an essential factor of the new industrial t
echniques, upon which is based an automatic
self-regulating system and by virtue of which
And in many, though not all, instances th e element of control is so great that me chanization displaces muscle, “automat ion” displaces brain as well.（尽管不 是所有的情况，但在大多数情况下， 控制元件依然发挥着强大的力量， 机械化已经代替了手工劳动，而自 动化代替了脑力劳动。
）
The distinction between the mechanization of the pas
t and what is happening now is, however, not a
sharp one. At one extreme we have the electronic c
centrifugal force 离心力 centrifugal governor离 心式调速器
shaft [ʃɑ:ft] n. [C]轴；矿井;竖井 • valve [væ lv] n. n. [c]1. 阀,活门 2. 真空管，电子
管 • innumerable [i‘nju:mərəbl] adj.无数的;数不清的
ms, constantly rejecting the answers until it
finds one to fit a complex set of facts that ha
ve been put to it, it is perhaps different in de
gree from what we have previously been ac customed to machines. (反馈控制应用于高 速运转的大型数字计算机进行复杂运算 时，对于输入的复杂问题，计算机通常 会一直运行，直到求出与问题匹配的结 果。这或许与我们以前熟知的机器有很 大的差别。)
End
Topic Above 汉 Next
The “automation” of the 20th century is distin ct from the mechanization of the 18th and 1 9th centuries in as much as mechanization was applied to individual operations, where as “automation” is concerned with the opera tion and control of a complete producing un it.（ 20世纪的工业自动化之所以有别于1 8、19世纪的机械化，是因为机械化仅应 用于操纵(执行）机构，而自动化则涉及 整个生产单元的执行和控制两个（核心） 部分。 ）
any deviation in the system from desired con
ditions can be detected, measured , reported a nd corrected. （现代工业技术的核心因素 就是当前人们经常提起的反馈（控制）， 它是以自动调节系统为基础，借助于系统 参考值与期望值之间的偏差来控制，可由 自动检测、测量、显示和校正方法得到）
An automatic mechanism is one which has a c apacity for self-regulate; that is, it can regul ate or control the system or process without the need for constant human attention or ad justment. （自动调整机构能够自动调节 系统，也就是说，它能在没有人干预和 调整的情况下，自动对系统或生产过程 进行控制和调节。
秀的;卓越的
Section I Words and Phrases
• old-fashioned [ əuld fæʃənd] adj.老式的，旧的 例句：An old-fashioned, fussy person.
老古板思想过时、吹毛求疵的人 fussy ['fʌsi] adj.大惊小怪的;难以取悦的;挑剔的 His values seem old-fashioned.
But “feedback”, as such, is a familiar mechani
cal conception. The old-fashioned steam en
gine was fitted with a centrifugal governor, t
wo balls on levers spinning round and round an upright shaft..(反馈是我们所熟悉的机 械概念。旧式的蒸汽机安装有离心式调 速器，控制杆上的两个球不停地绕立轴 旋转，
这些机器人能辨别形状。
• feedback [ fi:dbæ k] n.反馈,回馈 • • negative feedback 负反馈 • deviation [7di:vi:5eiʃən] n.偏差，偏移,背离
例句：Any deviation from the party’s faith is seen as betrayal.
液压传动系统 • remarkable [ri5mɑ:kəbl]adj.显著的，非凡的，值得注
意的 • remarkable achievements • 卓越的成就
例句： Remarkable quality has good prestige .
卓越End的品质便有良好的信誉。 presTtoipgice [prAebso'vtie:ʒ] nN.e名xt 望,声 望,威望
例句：In as much as the debtor has no property , I abandoned the claim.
因为债务人无财产,我放弃了债务。 debtor [‘detə] n. 借方，债务人
End
Topic Above Next
They bought in as much food as would last the winter.
纺纱
End
Topic Above Next
• pneumatic [nju:5mæ tik] adj.空气的，气动的 例句：This pneumatic tool will double the
speed of assembly.
这个气动工具可以把装配速度提高一倍。 Knowledge of hydraulic, pneumatic and
electronic fixture applications. 具备运用液压、气动和电子器具的知识。 pneumatic cylinder 气缸 pneumatic actuator
气动执行元件
Section I Words and Phrases
• hydraulic [hai‘drɔ:lik] adj.液压的 例句：Hydraulic jacks under the machine produce the movement. 是机器下面的液压千斤顶造成的移动。 hydraulic engineering 水利工程 hydraulic drive 液压 传动hydraulic transmission system
omputer with its quite remarkable capacity for
discrimination and control, while at the other end of the scale are “transfer machines”, as they are no w called, which may be as simple as a convey or b elt to another.（机械化程度的发展在过去和现 在的区别不是很明显，而在一端是具有强大辨 别和控制功能的电子计算机，另一端是我们目 前所说的“转换机构”正如传输带一样与其他 设备简单地连接起来。 ）
• displace [5dis5pleis] vt.移置，取代，转移 • 过去式:displaced 过去分词:displaced 现在分
词:displacing 例句：He was displaced by another young man.
他已被另一个年轻人顶替。 The war has displaced thousands of people. 战争使成千上万的人背井离乡。 exceptional [ik‘sepʃənl] adj.例外的;异常的;特殊的;优
他们买进了足以维持一个冬天的食品。 • discrimination [dis krimi neiʃən] n.辨别，鉴别，识
别，歧视 例句:He spoke out against racial discrimination.
他声言反对种族歧视。 These robots are capable of shape discrimination.
Section I Words and[,mekənai'zeiʃən] n.机械化 例句：We are speeding up the mechanization of our agriculture.
我们正在加快农业机械化的步伐。
automation [,ɔ:tə‘meiʃən] n.自动化 • in as much as 因为，由于，鉴于，既然
任何对党的信仰的偏离被视作背叛。 • betrayal [bi'treiəl] n. 1. 背叛;密告;泄密2. 引诱 • spinning [5spini ] adj.旋转的 n.纺线，纺纱
例句：Spinning is one of my hobbies.我很喜欢纺纱。 • 单词来源：spin [spin] vt. & vi 使…旋转，杜撰，纺线，
End
Topic Above 汉 Next
When “feedback” is applied to the process
by which a large digital computer runs at th
e immense speed through a long series of su
例句：They made an immense improvement in English.
在E英nd语方面他们取得了巨大的进步To。pic Above Next
centrifugal [sen‘trifjugəl] adj.离心的
mass-produced大(批)量生产的
Section II Text
Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ev er since the beginning of the Industrial Revo lution at the end of the 18th century.（自从 18世纪末工业革命开始，工业机械化进 程一直在不断地发展，并且变得越来越 复杂。） The current developments of auto matic processes are, however, different from the old ones.（但目前的工业自动化过程 较以前的工业自动化过程有很大的不同）
）
Now people often talk about “feedback” as b
eing an essential factor of the new industrial t
echniques, upon which is based an automatic
self-regulating system and by virtue of which
And in many, though not all, instances th e element of control is so great that me chanization displaces muscle, “automat ion” displaces brain as well.（尽管不 是所有的情况，但在大多数情况下， 控制元件依然发挥着强大的力量， 机械化已经代替了手工劳动，而自 动化代替了脑力劳动。
）
The distinction between the mechanization of the pas
t and what is happening now is, however, not a
sharp one. At one extreme we have the electronic c
centrifugal force 离心力 centrifugal governor离 心式调速器
shaft [ʃɑ:ft] n. [C]轴；矿井;竖井 • valve [væ lv] n. n. [c]1. 阀,活门 2. 真空管，电子
管 • innumerable [i‘nju:mərəbl] adj.无数的;数不清的
ms, constantly rejecting the answers until it
finds one to fit a complex set of facts that ha
ve been put to it, it is perhaps different in de
gree from what we have previously been ac customed to machines. (反馈控制应用于高 速运转的大型数字计算机进行复杂运算 时，对于输入的复杂问题，计算机通常 会一直运行，直到求出与问题匹配的结 果。这或许与我们以前熟知的机器有很 大的差别。)
End
Topic Above 汉 Next
The “automation” of the 20th century is distin ct from the mechanization of the 18th and 1 9th centuries in as much as mechanization was applied to individual operations, where as “automation” is concerned with the opera tion and control of a complete producing un it.（ 20世纪的工业自动化之所以有别于1 8、19世纪的机械化，是因为机械化仅应 用于操纵(执行）机构，而自动化则涉及 整个生产单元的执行和控制两个（核心） 部分。 ）
any deviation in the system from desired con
ditions can be detected, measured , reported a nd corrected. （现代工业技术的核心因素 就是当前人们经常提起的反馈（控制）， 它是以自动调节系统为基础，借助于系统 参考值与期望值之间的偏差来控制，可由 自动检测、测量、显示和校正方法得到）
An automatic mechanism is one which has a c apacity for self-regulate; that is, it can regul ate or control the system or process without the need for constant human attention or ad justment. （自动调整机构能够自动调节 系统，也就是说，它能在没有人干预和 调整的情况下，自动对系统或生产过程 进行控制和调节。
秀的;卓越的
Section I Words and Phrases
• old-fashioned [ əuld fæʃənd] adj.老式的，旧的 例句：An old-fashioned, fussy person.
老古板思想过时、吹毛求疵的人 fussy ['fʌsi] adj.大惊小怪的;难以取悦的;挑剔的 His values seem old-fashioned.
But “feedback”, as such, is a familiar mechani
cal conception. The old-fashioned steam en
gine was fitted with a centrifugal governor, t
wo balls on levers spinning round and round an upright shaft..(反馈是我们所熟悉的机 械概念。旧式的蒸汽机安装有离心式调 速器，控制杆上的两个球不停地绕立轴 旋转，
这些机器人能辨别形状。
• feedback [ fi:dbæ k] n.反馈,回馈 • • negative feedback 负反馈 • deviation [7di:vi:5eiʃən] n.偏差，偏移,背离
例句：Any deviation from the party’s faith is seen as betrayal.
液压传动系统 • remarkable [ri5mɑ:kəbl]adj.显著的，非凡的，值得注
意的 • remarkable achievements • 卓越的成就
例句： Remarkable quality has good prestige .
卓越End的品质便有良好的信誉。 presTtoipgice [prAebso'vtie:ʒ] nN.e名xt 望,声 望,威望
例句：In as much as the debtor has no property , I abandoned the claim.
因为债务人无财产,我放弃了债务。 debtor [‘detə] n. 借方，债务人
End
Topic Above Next
They bought in as much food as would last the winter.
纺纱
End
Topic Above Next
• pneumatic [nju:5mæ tik] adj.空气的，气动的 例句：This pneumatic tool will double the
speed of assembly.
这个气动工具可以把装配速度提高一倍。 Knowledge of hydraulic, pneumatic and
electronic fixture applications. 具备运用液压、气动和电子器具的知识。 pneumatic cylinder 气缸 pneumatic actuator
气动执行元件
Section I Words and Phrases
• hydraulic [hai‘drɔ:lik] adj.液压的 例句：Hydraulic jacks under the machine produce the movement. 是机器下面的液压千斤顶造成的移动。 hydraulic engineering 水利工程 hydraulic drive 液压 传动hydraulic transmission system
omputer with its quite remarkable capacity for
discrimination and control, while at the other end of the scale are “transfer machines”, as they are no w called, which may be as simple as a convey or b elt to another.（机械化程度的发展在过去和现 在的区别不是很明显，而在一端是具有强大辨 别和控制功能的电子计算机，另一端是我们目 前所说的“转换机构”正如传输带一样与其他 设备简单地连接起来。 ）
• displace [5dis5pleis] vt.移置，取代，转移 • 过去式:displaced 过去分词:displaced 现在分
词:displacing 例句：He was displaced by another young man.
他已被另一个年轻人顶替。 The war has displaced thousands of people. 战争使成千上万的人背井离乡。 exceptional [ik‘sepʃənl] adj.例外的;异常的;特殊的;优
他们买进了足以维持一个冬天的食品。 • discrimination [dis krimi neiʃən] n.辨别，鉴别，识
别，歧视 例句:He spoke out against racial discrimination.
他声言反对种族歧视。 These robots are capable of shape discrimination.
Section I Words and[,mekənai'zeiʃən] n.机械化 例句：We are speeding up the mechanization of our agriculture.
我们正在加快农业机械化的步伐。
automation [,ɔ:tə‘meiʃən] n.自动化 • in as much as 因为，由于，鉴于，既然
任何对党的信仰的偏离被视作背叛。 • betrayal [bi'treiəl] n. 1. 背叛;密告;泄密2. 引诱 • spinning [5spini ] adj.旋转的 n.纺线，纺纱
例句：Spinning is one of my hobbies.我很喜欢纺纱。 • 单词来源：spin [spin] vt. & vi 使…旋转，杜撰，纺线，
End
Topic Above 汉 Next
When “feedback” is applied to the process
by which a large digital computer runs at th
e immense speed through a long series of su