专业英语四级(听力)模拟试卷14(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷14(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION
PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 MIN)Directions: In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.
SECTION B PASSAGESDirections: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文：The United States is on the verge of losing its leading place in the world’s technology. So says more than one study in recent years. The main reason for this decline is the parallel decline in the number of U.S. scientists and engineers. Since 1976, employment of scientists and engineers has gone up 85 percent. This trend is expected to continue. However, the trend shows that the number of 22-year-olds—the near term source of future PhDs—is declining. Further adding to the problem is the increased competition for these candidates from other fields: law, medicine, business, etc. While the number of U.S. PhDs in science and engineering declines, the award of PhDs to foreign nationals is increasing rapidly. Our inability to motivate students to pursue science and engineering careers at the graduate level is compounded because of the intense demand industry has for bright Bachelor’s and Master’s degree holders. Too often, promising PhD candidates, confronting the cost and financial sacrifice of pursuing their education, find the attraction of industry irresistible.
1．The U.S. will come to lose its leading place in technology probably because A．the number of PhD degree holders is declining.
B．the number of scientists and engineers is decreasing.
C．the number of 22-year-olds is declining.
D．scientists and engineers are not employed.
正确答案：B
解析：细节题。

短文一开始点明主题，美国将逐渐失去它在技术方面的领先地位，原因是科学家和工程师在数量上双双减少，接下来分析了减少的原因。

B 为正确答案。

A具有强干扰性，但不是博士生总量少了，而是从事科学和工程方面的博士生少了，故应排除。

知识模块：短文听力
2．The candidates of the PhD in the field of science and engineering is facing a competition from
A．technology.
B．foreign nationals.
C．such fields as law.
D．postgraduates.
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

文中提到工科博士减少的原因之一是报考博士的考生受到来自法律，医学和商业方面的竞争，故C为正确答案。

B具有强干扰性，但文中只提到越来越多的博士学位颁发给外国人，但并未说对本国的科技领域构成竞争，故应排除。

知识模块：短文听力
3．Many promising postgraduates are unwilling to pursue a PhD degree because A．they are not encouraged to be engaged in science.
B．industry does not require PhD holders.
C．they won’t earn much money after graduation.
D．they will face the cost and financial sacrifice.
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。

文章结尾说很难动员学生继续深造，因为工业需要大量本科和硕士毕业生，对许多有望继续攻读博士的学生来讲，继续深造就意味着在费用和财力方面必须付出和牺牲。

据此推断D为正确答案。

知识模块：短文听力
听力原文：Nowadays, the standard for measuring power has changed. These changes foretell a new standard for measuring power. No longer will a nation’s political influence be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary measure of power. But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It’s often said that without its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard of power and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world. America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world events over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic mat it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership. The competitiveness of America’s industrial base is an issue bigger than the Department of Defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society: government, industry and education.
4．Now, a nation’s political influence depends on
A．the strength of its military forces.
B．its ability to compete in industry.
C．economic markets.
D．both A and B
正确答案：D
解析：推理题。

短文一开始开篇点题，说如今衡量国力大小的标准发生了变化，军事力量的大小不再是决定一个国家政治影响力的唯一因素；相比之下，一
个国家的在国际市场上的综合经济竞争力更为重要，故D为正确答案。

知识模块：短文听力
5．The Soviet Union was not listed as a third-world nation just because of
A．its powerful military forces.
B．its vast land.
C．its industrial competitiveness.
D．its contributions to world peace.
正确答案：A
解析：推理题。

文中提到过去决定一个国家的政治影响力的主要因素是军事力量，前苏联当时如果没有强大的军事力量，它便其实是个第三世界国家。

故答案为A。

知识模块：短文听力
6．America has succeeded in shaping world events over the past 40 years probably because of
A．its ability to adapt technology.
B．its ability to take advantage of the capabilities of its people.
C．its ability to compete in the world markets.
D．both A and B
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。

文中明确指出美国在过去40年里能引领世界方向是得益于技术调整和利用人民的能力来维持和平的能力，不难得出D为正确。

知识模块：短文听力
听力原文：Today the official language of the United States and most of Canada is English. However, French almost became the official language because of a war. The French and Indian War was fought between 1754 and 1763. The name of this war is not accurate because the war was actually between England and France. The Indians fought on the side of the French. France and England were trying to gain control of North America. France held Canada, and England held part of what is now the United States. However, France tried to expand its land by moving southward into New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Virginia. When the French built a fort on the Ohio River, the residents in Virginia sent George Washington to attack the fort in 1754. However, the French defeated Washington. The French, aided by the Indians, outsmarted the English and won many early battles. Later, the British began to do well against the French. In the final battle in Quebec, Canada, General Wolfe of England faced General Montcalm from France. Both generals died in this battle. But the English outlasted the French and won the battle. Thus, most of North America today has the English culture and language.
7．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The French and Indian War.
B．The English language.
C．Washington’s Army.
D．Official language.
正确答案：A
解析：主旨题。

整篇文章讲述的是英法之间为了争夺地盘而爆发的战争(名为The French and IndianWar)，故A项正确。

知识模块：短文听力
8．From the passage we may conclude that George Washington took the side of the
A．Canadians.
B．French.
C．Indians.
D．English.
正确答案：D
解析：推断题。

文中指出英国当时占领着美国的部分地区，当法国想要夺取这片区域时，英国派华盛顿去抵御，故推断出D项。

知识模块：短文听力
9．General Wolfe died in
A．England.
B．France.
C．Canada.
D．America.
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

文中提到Wolfe将军代表英国与来自法国的Montcalm将军交战，战役地点在加拿大的魁北克，最后两名将军都阵亡了，故Wolfe将军死于加拿大。

知识模块：短文听力
听力原文：Many of the buildings in this neighborhood were built a long time ago, but this one we’re about to enter is not quite as old as it looks. It is actually quite a bit younger than most of the other buildings around it. Despite the fact that it was constructed at the turn of the century, the architects who designed it were influenced by European craftsmen of the fifteenth century. Although the blocks appear to be hand chiseled, they were in fact cut that way by a machine. However, this practice of mechanical cutting was discontinued some time before the building was completed in 1904, because workmen charged so much to produce the hand-hewn effect that it became very expensive. The blocks were fastened similarly to a technique that the Romans developed. The technique involved cutting every block into a unique geometrical form which anchored into the previous block. Since every block had to be hand carved, the process was extremely time-consuming. Some might ask why the architects who live in the modern world would seek to copy a kind of architecture from such a long time in the past. Maybe they felt that the five-hundred-year-old buildings were so perfectly refined that there was no other way
they could improve upon their beauty. If you look at the building now, it is easy to agree with them.
10．When was the building being visited constructed?
A．About twenty years ago.
B．In the sixteenth century.
C．From the late 1800s to the early 1900s.
D．From the late 1600s to the early 1700s.
正确答案：C
解析：时间推理题。

文章说到这栋建筑建于世纪的交接期，并于1904年完工，即应建于19世纪末20世纪初期，故C项正确。

知识模块：短文听力
11．How were the blocks fastened?
A．The blocks were fastened with concrete.
B．The blocks were fastened by using an old method.
C．The blocks were fastened by nails.
D．The blocks were not fastened very tightly.
正确答案：B
解析：细节推理题。

文中指出石块之间的固定采用了罗马人当年所发明的办法，即把每一个石块都切割成独特的几何形状，然后用锚与另一个石块固定。

故B项正确。

知识模块：短文听力
12．What might be the possible reason for using an old method to construct the building?
A．It was inexpensive.
B．It was time-saving.
C．It was elegant.
D．It was well-known.
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

作者在文末指出之所以采用一项很早以前的技术可能是因为人们发现500年前用这种技术建造的建筑已经极其美观，再也无法想出更好的办法来使其更美了。

故C项正确。

知识模块：短文听力
听力原文：It is estimated that some seven hundred million people are unable to read and write, and there are probably two hundred and fifty million more whose level of attainment is so slight that it barely qualifies as literacy. Recently the attack on illiteracy has been stepped up. A world plan has been drawn up by a committee of UNESCO experts in Paris, as part of the UNESCO Nations Development Decade, and an international conference on the subject has also been held. UNESCO stresses that functional literacy is the aim. People must learn the basic skills of responsible citizenship: the ability to read notices, newspapers, timetables,
letters, pricelists, to keep simple records and accounts, to sort out the significance of the information gathered, and to fill in forms. The major areas of illiteracy are in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. There are at least one hundred million illiterates in Africa, comprising eighty to eighty-five percent of the total population. In Europe the figure is about twenty-four million, most of them in Southern Europe, with Spain, Italy, Portugal, and Yugoslavia heading the list.
13．The figure of world illiteracy was obtained by
A．experts in Paris.
B．a committee of UNESCO.
C．an international organization.
D．none of these.
正确答案：D
解析：细节判断题。

题干问的是世界文盲的统计数据是怎么来的，乍看起来A、B、C都有道理，但文章第一段只是说据估计(It is estimated that)世界上有7亿人不能读书、写字。

这只是一个约数，文中并没有明确指出该数据由谁做出，所以D为正确答案。

知识模块：短文听力
14．A world plan mentioned in the passage aims at
A．helping illiterates learn how to read and write.
B．training responsible citizens.
C．enforcing the functions of UNESCO.
D．urging Southern European countries to take the lead in attacking illiteracy.
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。

文中提到联合国教科文组织的一个委员会决定发起一个计划，那就是使人们基本脱盲。

掌握一些基本的读写能力。

据此推之A为正确答案。

B 具有强干扰性，但该计划的目的是培养负责任公民的基本技能，而不是培养负责任的公民，应排除。

知识模块：短文听力
15．According to the passage, we learn that the population of illiteracy in Africa is
A．approximately six hundred million.
B．approximately seven hundred and twenty-five million.
C．approximately one hundred million.
D．eighty to eighty-five million.
正确答案：C
解析：数字判断题。

文中提到非洲至少有1亿文盲，因此选项C正确。

而选项D的数字在原文中虽然也出现了，但其单位是percent，因此不正确。

知识模块：短文听力
16．The author implies that this world plan is to
A．be debated at an important international conference.
B．be realized in ten years.
C．be drawn up by Parisian experts.
D．be carried out in the major areas of illiteracy like Africa.
正确答案：D
解析：推断题。

上文介绍了扫盲计划后，接下来就说哪几个地区是文盲众多的主要地区，由此可推断这些地区要推行扫盲计划。

因此D正确。

知识模块：短文听力
听力原文：In an attempt to resist the rising cost of fuel and fight the pollution choking our cities, many outgoing students have taken to riding bicycles to school. The unfortunate result of this otherwise positive trend is the traffic problems caused by bicycles having to share the road with cars. Unfortunately, traffic accidents involving bicycles are on the increase throughout the country, so this new solution has lead to a dilemma. To solve this dilemma, special bike paths have been created on most roads leading to and from college campuses. It is essential that cyclists stay on those paths. It is necessary for the safety of those of you who ride bicycles as well as the motorists that you share the road with. Obviously, it may be inconvenient to ride in the bike paths at times, but we must insist on it. To enforce the necessity of staying on the paths, there are fines for bicyclists who ride down the middle of the street. The federal fines are currently running at$25 for a first time violation, but if the law is continually violated, the fines will increase by different amounts depending on your local ordinances. The money that is collected from the fines will go towards a fund to help build better bike paths. You may have special bicycle bridges in your neighborhood right now. If not, you can count on seeing them in the future.
17．What is the problem that is newly coming up for the drivers?
A．Increased air pollution.
B．A lack of parking places.
C．Accidents involving bicycles.
D．The increased time waiting for the lights.
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

文章提到由于自行车要和机动车共用车道，因而引发了许多交通事故，故C项正确。

知识模块：短文听力
18．Which of the following will decide the amount of money fined when the bicyclists violate the law for the first time?
A．The road law.
B．International traffic law.
C．Regional law.
D．Federal traffic law.
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。

文章指出当骑自行车的人第1次违反规定时，应按联邦的法
律接受罚款。

故D项符合题意。

知识模块：短文听力
19．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A．Bicycles will have special lanes set aside for them everywhere in the future.
B．Bicyclists are bringing about all the problems.
C．Bicycles will solve all the problems caused by the cars in the future.
D．Bicycles cannot help purify the environment.
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。

文章结尾说：“现在你的住所周围应该会有特殊的自行车桥梁，如果现在没有，以后必将会有。

”故A项表述正确。

知识模块：短文听力
20．What will the money from fines be used to do?
A．To benefit the local people.
B．To benefit the government.
C．To help construct paths for bikes.
D．To help buy more cars.
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

文章指出所得罚款将用于建造更好的专供自行车使用的道路。

故C项正确。

知识模块：短文听力。