句子成分专题(带答案)

戴氏教育达州西外校区名校冲刺
戴氏教育温馨提醒：
暑假班是学习的大好时机，可以在这两个月的时间里，学习新知识，总结旧知识，查漏补缺，巩固提高。

在这个充满热情的季节，祝你学习轻松愉快.
“句子成分”专题讲解
一、考点、热点回顾
1、五种基本句子结构
2，句子的成分划分
二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲
1、五种基本句子结构的特别句型
2、句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。

(一）初中英语五种基本句子结构
①S + V 即“主 + 谓”。

特点：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需跟
宾语，但有时可跟副词，介词短语等作状语。

Eg: He laughed. John has read widely . He lives in Chengdu.
②S + V + O 即“主 + 谓 + 宾”
特点：谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语。

Eg: Our team beat all the others.
③S + V + P 即“主 + 系 + 表”
特点：谓语动词是系动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明
主语特征、身份、状态的表语，常见系动词有be(am, is , are“是”)，
become“成为”， get“变化“，turn，grow， look， feel， smell, taste, sound, seem, keep, stay等。

Eg: The rose smells sweet. He is a math teacher.
特点：谓语动词有两个宾语；这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。

当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，通常要加介词 for 或 to，可跟说宾语的动词有answer, bring, buy, find, get, give, lend, make, pass, pay, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, write等。

Eg: He told me an interesting story.
Would you please give this book to me?
特点：谓语动词虽然有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须加上另外一个成分（宾语补足语）对宾语补充说明。

可以用作宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。

Eg : We must keep our school clean.
S = Subject 主语 V=Verb 谓语动词 P = Predicative 表语
O= Object 宾语 INO = Indirect Object 间接宾语 Do= direct object 直接宾语 OC= object complement宾语补足语
（二）句子成分（主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语）
英语句子和汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。

不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。

因此，只有搞清楚不同词类在句中充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。

①主语（S）：
是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体。

一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。

1）The car is running fast. (名词)
2）We are students. （代词）
3）One of my classmates is from Chengdu. （数词）
4）It’s bad manner to spit in public. （不定式）
5）Eating too much is bad for your health. (动名词)
注意：若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（不定式或短语放在句后）。

②谓语:
说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分。

一般由动词充当。

动词分为：
实义动词：play、go、run等。

连系动词：be(am、is、are), smell、feel、see、find。

情态动词：can、may、should、must、need
助动词：do、does、did、be等。

注意：谓语部分的划分。

实义动词单独作谓语、
连系动词和表语一起构成谓语。

情态动词与省略to的不定式结构合成谓语。

助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语。

Eg: 1), He works in a factory. (实义动词)。

2), I felt cold . (系动词 + 表语)
3), I can speak English. ( 情态动词 + 实义动词)
4), Do you speak English ? (助动词 + 实义动词)
5), They are working in a field. (助动词 + 实义动词)
注意：谓语与主语在人称和数方面要相互照应。

③宾语：
是及物动词所涉及的对象。

一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。

1）He is doing his homework. (名词)
2）They did nothing this morning. ( 代词)。

3）She wants to go home. (不定式)
注意：
⑴有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。

这类动词常见的有：give, buy, lend, pass, tell, leave等。

1), please give me your money.
2), Please give your money to me.
直接宾语一般放在间宾之后，若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词to 或for.
⑵有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。

这类词有：
“want, wish, hope, promise, decide, chose, care等 + to do sth.”
Eg: I hope to see you again.
⑶有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。

如：
Enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, keep on等
Eg : I enjoy playing basketball.
④定语：
用于修饰名词或代词。

一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式或等充当。

1), What a beautiful follower it is. （形容词）
2), She is a chemistry teacher. (名词)
3), There are two students in the classroom. (数词)
4), We have something to do tomorrow. (不定式)
注意：定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语，（不定代词： something, everything, nothing, anything 等），则放在后面。

⑤状语：
用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。

一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。

单个副词作状语放在被修饰词之前。

短语或从句在句首或句末：
1), I get up at five in the morning. (介词短语)
2), He is studying hard so as to catch up with others. ( 不定式)
3), We were having breakfast when the telephone rang. (从句)
注意：enough 作状语，能放在被修饰词之后。

⑥表语：
1）， They are workers. (名词)
2）， Two and three is five. ( 数词)
3）， The story is very interesting. (形容词)
4）， My job is teaching English. （动名词）
5）， She is at home. （介词短语）
⑦补语（宾语补足语）：
宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。

需接复合宾语的动词有：tell, let, help, teach, ask, see, have, order, make等。

“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词充当。

1), We elected him monitor . (名词)
2), I found it difficult to learn English. (形容词)
3), The doctor told me to do more exercise . (不定式)
4), He is going to have his hair cut. (过去分词)
5), They saw a bird flying in the sky. (现在分词)
三、典型例题（分析句子结构）
1）How can I get to the station?
2）We enjoy playing football.
3）I feel terrible.
四、课堂练习
勾画并标注出下列句子的成分：
1, I want to look for myself.
2, He was wrong !
3, My friends give me a big football.
4, My life will be letter.
5, We have to wear a uniform to school.
1, Yang Liwei is a famous Chinese astronant.
2, The teacher ask me to clean the classroom.
3, She can speak English and Chinese.
4, Predicting the future can be difficult.
5, The head of one of the biggest movie companies in the United States predicted that no one would want to see actors talk.
五、课后练习
(一) 指出下例句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do
B. usually
C. go
D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A. Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
A. want
B. to tell
C. you
D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
A. We
B. had
C. send
D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is
B. interested
C. in
D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to?
A. give
B. did
C. whom
D. book
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
A B C D
② People all over the world speak English.
A B C D
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
A B C D
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
A B C D
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
A B C D
⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
A B C D
⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
A B C D
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
A B C D
⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
A B C D
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
A B C D
(四) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired.
A B C D
② Why is he worried about Jim?
A B C D
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
A B C D
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
A B C D
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
A B C D
(五) 挑出下例句中的定语
① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.
A B C D
② What is your given name?
A B C D
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
A B C D
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
A B C D
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
A B C D
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
A B C D
(六) 挑出下例句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
A B C D
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
A B C D
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
A B C D
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
A B C D
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
A B C D
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
A B C D
(七) 挑出下例句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
A B C D
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
A B C D
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
A B C D
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.
A B C D
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
A B C D
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
A B C D
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
A B C D
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
A B C D
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语（—）和间接宾语（~~~~~）
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
(九)、用符号划出下列短文各句中的
划分句子成分练习题（2）参考答案
(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C ⑨ A ⑩ A
(三) ① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D ⑨ A ⑩ D
(四) ①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B
(五) ① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B ⑥ D
(六) ① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D ⑥ B
(七) ① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D
(八) ① us, 间接宾语a story, 直接宾语
② me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③ us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④ Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语
句子成分
一．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词，短语或句子）可以充当主语。

The sun rises in the east.
He likes dancing.
Twenty years is a short time in history.
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
What he needs is a book.
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
常见错误分析
2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。

其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。

改错：1.play computer games does no good to us.
2.Have a walk in the street is her hobby.
3.Go home at once is his decision
4.Make more friends will do good to us.
’m like computer very much.
6.The story was happening the year before last.
二．宾语：
1．动作的承受者-----动宾
请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。

I like China.
He hates you.
How many do you need? We need two.
I enjoy working with you.
I hope to see you again.
Did you write down what he said?
2．介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake/me/fighting?
3．双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday.
常见错误分析
1：介词后跟宾语时，必须为：名词、代词、ing 或wh型的连接词引导的从句。

改错：①I am fond of play basketball.
②He’s crazy about read story books.
③I am sorry for late.
④I felt terribly sad for absent from class.
2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。

其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。

改错：①I enjoy make friends with everyone.
②He wanted go home at once.
三.表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。

英语中常见的系动词及其分类。

①状态系动词：用来表示主语状态：即be 。

常译为是
②持续系动词：用来表示主语的继续或保持某种状况或态度，主要包括remain、keep、stay、lie 、stand 、exist等。

保持，依然是
I hope you will keep fit.
We can remain friends.
Please stay seated
③变化系动词：用来表示主语变成什么样，主要包括：become 、grow 、turn 、get 、fall 、go 、come 、run 等。

常译为变得
He went mad.
His hair turned grey.
I fell ill.
④结果系动词：表示主语对应的结果，主要有：prove to be ,turn out to be 。

常译为结果是
⑤感官系动词：主要有feel 、smell 、sound 、taste ，seem 、appear 、look。

Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
Now I feel tired.
请找出下列句子的表语并指出什么可以充当表语。

He is a teacher.
Seventy-four! You don’t look it.
Five and five is ten.
He is asleep.
His father is in.
The picture is on the wall.
My watch is gone / missing / lost.
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.
The question is whether they will come.
常见错误分析：
1：动词及其短语在作句子的表语时，需用其非谓语形式，其中to do 表将来的主动性动作，doing 表正在进行的主动性动作，有时也用作形容词表示主语所具有的特征；done 表示被动的已完成的动作。

选择：
①My hobby is ＿＿basketball.
A: play B: playing C: to play D: played
②The dog was so ＿＿in that toy.
A: interesting B: interested C: to interest D: interest
③My plan is ＿＿home immediately.
A: go B: to go C: gone D: going.
④Kitty was ＿＿at everything he saw.
A: surprising B: surprise C: surprised D: to surprise
⑤I was ＿＿at my grades.
A: disappointed B: disappoint C: disappointing D: to disappoint
2：名词、代词做表语时，其数必须和主语保持一致。

改错：①We are student.
②These are panda.
③It’s birds.
3：表语常用形容词，而不用其副词形式。

改错：
（1）He is sadly.
（2）He is friendly to everyone.
（3）The food smells bad but it tastes well.
(4)One year later, he turned a writer. (a)
(5)As time went on, his idea was proved right.
四．谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

1：实义动词及其短语作谓语
A stitch in time saves nine.
2：情态动词+动词原形作谓语
The law can not make all men equal ,but they are equal before the law.
3：助动词+实义动词或系动词（多为动词原形）作谓语
You’d better go now ,or you’ll be late for the interview.
4：系动词+表语作谓语
常见错误分析：
1：系动词+表语（名、代、介、形、副、非谓语……）才能构成完整的谓语。

注意谓语一定要有动词的参予来完成。

改错。

①He at home now.
②I against / for the plan.
③I in favor of this idea.
④The light on / off then.
⑤He dead now.
⑥I fond of pandas.
⑦He always interested in English.
⑧The book worth reading.
⑨I eager to get your help.
⑩The girl dressed in white then.
⑾My plan to do some shopping today.
⑿I into playing table tennis.
⒀My aim to teach you well.
⒁Tom devoted to his job then.
2：情态动词和助动词虽有实义，但不能单独做谓语，必须和实义动词或系表结构一起构成复合谓语，尤其表语是形容词、副词、介词、时出现错误最多，处理方式是在表语前添加合适的系动词，多为be的合适形式。

改错：①You can’t late again.
②He may at home.
③He must away now.
④Tom may dead now.
⑤John must from the USA.
⑥In my opinion ,he will well soon.
⑦He didn’t against the plan.
⑧Mao has dead for 32 years.
⑨They didn’t through the forest.
五．补足语：用于补充说明其他的句子成分。

有主补、和宾补两种，用于补充说明主、宾所处的状态、性质、特征等。

宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

请找出下列句子的宾补并指出什么可以充当宾补。

1. He found his new job boring.
2. The called their daughter Mary.
3. This placed her in a very difficult position.
4. We went to here house but found her out.
5. What do you advise me to do？
6. We thought him to be an honest man.
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem.
8. He believed her to be telling the truth.
9. Did you notice him come in？
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy.
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs.
注意1：在这个结构中，可以出现用it作形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。

在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或
宾语从句。

He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her
是真正的宾语。

I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us 是真正的宾语。

主补：对主语的补充。

He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
to do … , doing , -ed 作补语的区别。

注意2：-ing 作宾补表示正在进行的动作，强调动作的一部分；若宾语是动作的发出者，用其主动式，若宾语是动作的承受者用其被动式。

to do 作宾补强调动作的全过程，若宾语是动作的承受者，用其被动式；若宾语是动作的发出者，用其主动式。

ed 作宾补表示已完成的动作，宾语是动作的承受者。

选择：(1)He raised his voice to make himself＿＿.
A ：hear
B : heard
C : hearing D: to hear
(2)．I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise＿＿on.
A : go
B going
C gone
D to go
(3)．I saw him＿＿nothing at the meeting from beginning to end.
A say
B said
C saying
D to say
(4)．The thief came in , with his hands＿＿.
A tying
B tied
C tie
D to tie
注意3：有些动词后跟不定式时需省去符号to ：watch , observe , see , look , look at , notice ; hear ,listen to , make , have , let , feel ,help 可带可不带。

六．定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

请找出下列句子的定语并指出什么可以充当定语。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.
He is our friend.
We belong to the third world.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
The man over there is my old friend.
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.
The boys playing football are in Class 2.
The trees planted last year are growing well now.
I have an idea to do it well.
You should do everything that I do.
注意1：名词作定语时，须用其单数形式，不可用其所有格或复数形式。

在变为复数时，只变被修饰的名词，man 或woman 作定语时，则两者都变。

a shoe shop
men’s teachers
注意2：在表示只有一人担任的头衔、职务的名词在作句子的表语、同位语、补足语、介词宾语时，不加冠词：常见的名词有：president , captain , monitor , headmaster , head-teacher , head , manager 等
We elected Hu president of China.
常见错误分析：
1：单个形容词作定语修饰不定代词时，需要后置
2：表语形容词作定语时常后置如：awake 、afraid 、asleep、ashamed 、alike 等。

He was the only person awake at that time.
3：当else 作形容词修饰不定代词或疑问代词如：who 、what 、which 等时要后置
I have something else to say.
4：表示长、宽、高、深等度量的形容词作定语时常后置。

This is a room five meters wide.
5：有些形容词如present 、adopted 、concerned 、absent 、opposite 等既可前置也可后置，但意义不同：
①present adj: 前置：目前的现在的后置：出席的
What do you think of the present government ?
The people present are mostly famous scientists.
②adopted adj : 前置：收养的.后置：采用的
He is an adopted son.
What’s your solution adopted ?
③concerned adj: 前置：担心的关心的。

后置：有关的
There is a concerned expression on her face.
T he persons concerned are to be punished
④absent adj : 前置：心不在焉的。

后置：缺席的
Jack sat at the desk in an absent way.
The workers absent must make up for the meeting.
⑤opposite adj : 前置：相反的。

后置：对面的
The bird flew away in the opposite direction.
he shop opposite sells apples.
⑥overseas 既是adj 又是adv 作定语时意义不同
Overseas students =students from overseas 外国留学生
Students overseas =students who are overseas 出国留学生
⑦responsible前置意为“负责任的”，后置意为‘负责的，掌管的“。

a responsible man 意为“一位负责任的人”，a man responsible则意为
“一位负责人”
⑧involved前置意为“复杂的”，后置意为“涉及的，相关的”
the people involved 意为“所涉及的人” ，the involved story意为“复杂的经历”
七．状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。

状语用副词,不用形容词
请找出下列句子的状语并指出是什么状语。

I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
常见错误分析：
1：副词作状语时，用以修饰动词、形容词、或句子；形容词作补足语时用来补充说明主、宾所的状态、性质、特征。

选择：
①He found the question difficult / difficultly
②I think it impossible / impossibly for us to defeat them physically.
③He worked hard / hardly to realize his dream.
④All made it easy /easily for us to enter a key university.
⑤Dressed in nothing ,the emperor walked in the street proud / proudly.
⑥The question is great /greatly different from that one.
⑦This room is the same size /big as that one.
2：分词及不定式作状语时，须贺逻辑主语保持一致，逻辑主语多为句子的主语。

①In order to make our city green ＿＿＿.
A: it’s necessary to have planted more trees.
B: many more trees need to be planted.
C: our city needs more trees
D: we must plant more trees.
②＿＿＿time ,he’ll become a writer.
A: Given B : Giving C: To give D: Having given
③While watching TV , ＿＿＿
A: the doorbell rang B: the doorbell rings
C: we heard the doorbell ring D: we heard the doorbell rings
④＿＿＿as a means of traffic in china ,the bike is very useful.
A: used B: using C: To use D: use
八、同位语：指两个或两个以上的词语指同一个事物作同一个句子成分。

请找出下列句子的同位语并指出什么可以充当同位语。

It’s my friend ,John.
Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged．
His old dream of going round the world came back，but this time he would sail
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true．
九、插入语：是对一句话，某一个词或词组做些附加的解释或说明
有时表达说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子衔接得更紧密一些，通常用逗号与其它成分隔开，且和其他句子成分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉后，句子结构依然完整。

请找出下列句子的插入语并指出什么可以充当插入语。

To tell you the truth ,I’m not interested in that matter.
Judging from his clothes ,he may be an artist.
By the way ,how can I get to the rail station ？
Do not plant ,for example ,rice year after year in the same field.
This is , surely , a very good book.
Most important of all ,we must learn the skills.
He c an’t pass the exam ,because he doesn't study hard.what’s more ,he isn’t so clever.
简单句的五个基本句型：
一．主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）
在这一句型中，动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。

在有的句子中，不及物动词可以有状语修饰。

1.The sun is rising.
2.I'll try.
注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。

1.The book sells well.
2.The window won't shut.
3.The pen writes smoothly.
4.Cheese cuts easily.
翻译：1.会议将持续两个小时。

2.她昨天回家很晚。

3.那天早上我们谈了很多。

4.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。

5 .1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。

6.这个盒子重五公斤。

二．主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
(1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。

如agree, lie, work, argue, belong,
come, go, reply等。

(2) 不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。

如agree with,
lie in, work at, belong to, come across, go to等。

(3) 有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。

如begin, sell, write, wash,
answer, read等。

例如：
The meeting begins at half past nine. (不及物动词)
The professor began his speech directly. (及物动词)
The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them.
(第一个sell为不及物动词，而第二个是及物动词)。

1那位先生能流利地说三种语言。

2今天下午我想同你谈谈。

3这本书他读过多次了。

4他们成功地完成了计划。

5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。

6 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。

7我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。

8他不知道说什麽好。

三。

主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语）
使用系动词应注意的地方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时(除了feel以外)；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。

如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get, smell等。

例如：After two-day’s treatment, he felt well again. (不用was felt) The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.
(keeps是系动词，而kept是及物动词)
We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now.
(grew是及物动词，而grow是系动词)
Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth.
(第一个felt是及物动词，而第二个是系动词)
[练习] 选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空，注意动词的适当形式。

(1) I _______(remain / keep / stay) a nurse while he has _________(turn /
become) engineer.
(2) Put the meat in the refrigerator (冰箱). It __________ (go / get / turn /
become) bad easily.
(3) What he said __________(sound / look / smell / taste) reasonable.
(4) He feels __________(comfortable / comfortably) working in the
air-conditioned office.
(5) We do morning exercises to _______(keep / turn / become) healthy.
(6) The apple __________(tastes / is tasted) sweet.
(7) Please keep ______(安静); The baby has fallen _________(睡着).
(8) They work day and night to make their dream come __________(实现).
1.Iron feels cold in winter.
2. This idea sounds good.
3. He looks young.
4.The weather remains cool these days.
5.The flowers in front of the house smell nice.
翻译：1.这个报告听起来很有意思。

2.树叶已经变黄.
3布朗夫人看起来很健康。

4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。

5孩子们，请保持安静。

6.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。

四．双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
主语--动词--间接宾语（人）--直接宾语（物）
He handed me a letter.
She sang us a folk song.
如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间应有一个介词(to, for等)。

He handed a letter to me.
She sang a folk for us.
直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。

Tell him I'm out.
Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？
翻译：1.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。

3. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？
4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
5. 他把车票给列车员看。

6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。

7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。

8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。

五．动词+宾语+宾补（n./adj./adv./-ing/-ed/to do）
在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词。

后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。

1. We wished the pop singer to succeed.
2.We made the young man our manager.
3.The news made her happy.
4. Her father made her learn drawing after school.
5. When I came in, I found him writing a letter.
6. My bike is broken, I’ll have it repaired tomorrow.
翻译：1.他的父母给他取名为John.
2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。

3.我们要使学校变得更美丽。

4.他请我们参加做游戏。

5.明天我要找人来修理机器。

6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。

7.他每个月理一次发。

8.那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了
9.他感到很难跟你交谈。

10.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。

11.学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。

12.我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。

[练习] 根据汉语或英语提示在空格上填一个恰当的单词。

(1) Let him ________(进来).
(2) Let the student ________(站) outside the classroom.
(3) We made our classroom ________(明亮).
(4) Father have some employees ________(work) all day and all night.
(5) Did you have your bicycle ________(repair)?
(6) I have nothing ________(do) this afternoon. Let’s go swimming.
(7) He kept us ________(read) the story once and again.
(8) The keeper kept the monkey ________(在笼子里).
(9) Jenny had her money ________(偷了).
(10) I found myself ________(surround) by some snakes.
(11) I would like to see the plan ________(carry) out.
(12) Who got the machine ________(start)?
(13) Jim asked me ________(wait) him at the school gate.
(14) The boy was made ________(stand) outside the room.
(15) Don’t allow the guests ________(smoke) here.。