第07讲谓语动词的时态语态和主谓一致(讲义)-高考英语一轮复习(新教材新高考)(原卷版)

►第07讲谓语动词的时态和语态和主谓一致
（讲义）
【复习目标】
掌握时态和语态的结构和基本用法
熟练运用时间状语以及上下文确定动词的时态和语态
掌握一些固定句式中时态和语态的用法
牢记“4”原则来解决时态问题并运用逻辑方法解决语态问题
掌握主谓一致“3”原则
【考情分析】
近年高考真题谓语动词考点细目表
近五年谓语动词题型命题规律
谓语动词的时态、语态是历年高考的必考点。

高考中主要考查大纲要求的八种时态及其被动语态。

对时态的考查以“情景立意”为主，重在考查学生在具体语境下运用各种时态的能力。

动词时态：以现在时、过去时和完成时的考查为主，语态的考查主要集中在和时态的综合情景运用及特殊用法上。

被动语态：重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时的被动语态的用法。

主谓一致：掌握语法一致、就近原则和意义一致原则。

在解题中应当把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。

【网络构建】
一般现在时do/does,(连系动词is/am/are)am/is/are done 一般过去时did,(连系动词was/were)was/were done
一般将来时
shall/will do
is/am/are going to do
is/am/are(about)to do
shall/will be done
is/am/are going to be done
is/am/are(about)to be done
现在进行时is/am/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done 将来进行时will be doing无相应的被动语态现在完成时has/have done have/has been done 过去完成时had done had been done 将来完成时will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时has/have been doing无相应的被动语态过去完成进行时had been doing无相应的被动语态
过去将来时
would/should do
was/were going to do
was/were(about)to do
would/should be done
was/were going to be done
was/were(about)to be done
No. 1 一般现在时
构成：一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语为第三人称单数，则一般在动词原形后加­s或­es，其变化规则如下表所示：
情况规则例词
一般情况加-s eat→eats, rise→rises
以s, sh, ch, x，o, z结尾的动词加-es discuss→discusses；teach→teaches
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i加-es carry→carries；fly→flies
注意：be的变化：am, is, are。

have的变化：has (第三人称单数)。

用法：
1.表示经常性的、习惯性的动作，常与频度时间状语连用：如：frequently, rarely, occasionally等连用。

I live far away from my parents, so I only go to see them occasionally.
我住的离父母挺远，只能偶尔去看看他们。

2.表示客观真理、客观存在及自然现象。

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。

3.表示按时间表或安排好的事或将要发生的事情。

如火车发车，飞机起飞等。

The shop opens at 9:00 in the morning and closes at 8:00 in the evening.
这家商店早上9点开门，晚上8点关门。

4.表示目前的状态或情况。

Every day I work from dawn to dark.我每天都从清晨工作到天黑。

5.在here, there开头的倒装句中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

There goes the bell.铃响了。

Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。

6.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

I'll write to her when I have time.
我有时间的时候会给她写信。

易错点：be ,like ,hate, sound, believe, want, belong等，常用一般现在时。

在句型I hope, I bet等候面的that...从句及句型see to it, make sure that从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

No. 2 一般过去时
构成：一般过去时用动词的过去式构成，其规则动词变化方法如下表所示：
情况规则例词一般情况加-ed pack→packed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i加-ed carry→carried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词双写辅音字母加-ed plan→planned
以不发音的e结尾的动词直接加-d like→liked provide→provided
注意：1. was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于其他人称。

2.以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加-ed。

如play→played。

用法：一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；
1.用于表达过去的习惯。

He worked in my mother’s company last year.
去年他在我母亲的公司工作过。

2.描述几个相继发生的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动作用and连接。

He put on his coat, opened the door and went out.
他穿上外套，打开门走了出去。

3.在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般过去时代替过去将来时，表示过去将来的动作。

He told me that he wouldn’t go back until his mother returned.
他告诉我直到他妈妈回来了他才回家。

易错点：在一些固定句型中，常用一般过去式，如下列句型：
1.It is time that sb. +did...是时候某人该干某事了
2.would/had rather that sb did sth宁愿某人作某事
3.If only/wish+从句（要是......就好了）用一般过去时表示与现在事实或将来事实相反
It’s time that the government took measures to protect the environment.
政府是时侯采取措施来保护环境了。

No. 3 一般将来时
构成：
will/shall＋动词原形
is/am/are going to＋动词原形
is/am/are about to＋动词原形
is/am/are to＋动词原形
is/am/are due to＋动词原形
某些动词的一般现在时或现在进行时形式
用法：
1.表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall＋动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next week等。

We shall start to learn another book next week.
下周我们将学习另外一本书。

2.表示趋向行为的动词，即表示动作转换的终止性动词，如come, go, start, begin, leave等词，常用进行时的形式表示将来时；事物名词meeting, concert, train等作主语时，要用一般现在时表示将来。

I’m leaving for Beijing next week.
下周我要动身去北京了。

The train leaves at 8 o'clock.
火车八点整开。

The plane takes off at 7 o’clock.
飞机7点钟起飞。

3.一般将来时的其他表达方式be going to do, be to do, be about to do的用法及区别：
a．be going to do在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事，也可用来表示自然现象。

④The shop is going to open on October 1st.
商店将在十月一日开门
Look，dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon，I think.
瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。

b．be to do表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。

You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。

c．be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。

John was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.
约翰正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。

易混点：
1.be going to do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。

be going to do表将来，不能用在含有条件状语从句的主句中；而will do则能，表意愿。

If it is fine，we'll go climbing.[√]
If it is fine，we are going to go climbing.[×]
如果天气好，我们去爬山。

--Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲门。

--I’ll answer it. 我去开。

2.am/is/are about to do 一般不接时间状语，但可以用于固定句式was/were about to do +when...表示“正要做某事，突然......”。

He is about to open the door when the telephone rang.
他正要打开门，这时电话铃响了。

No. 4 过去将来时
构成：
should/would＋动词原形
was/were going to＋动词原形
was/were about to＋动词原形
was/were to＋动词原形
某些动词的过去进行时形式
用法：
1.从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。

He said he would be here at eight o'clock.
他说他将在8点到这里。

I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.
我正要睡觉这时有人敲门。

I thought it was going to rain.
我当时觉得要下雨。

2.过去本打算做而未做的事情。

I was going to go to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
我本打算要参加聚会，但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。

易错点：was/were about to do 一般不接时间状语，但可以用于固定句式was/were about to do +when...表示
“正要做某事，突然......”。

I was about to l e ave when a friend dropped in.
我正要离开，这时一位朋友来访。

No. 5 现在进行时
构成：am/is/are+现在分词
现在分词构成规则：
规则例词
一般情况加-ing try→trying
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动
regret→regretting；ban→banning
词，双写辅音字母加-ing
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，加-ing hate→hating；date→dating
用法：
1.表示说话时正进行的动作。

They are playing football.他们正在踢足球。

2.表示现阶段正进行的动作或发生的事，此时此刻不一定在进行，常用these days,this week等状语连用。

We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。

3.与always, often, constantly等连用，表达一种强烈的情感色彩，如同情、抱怨、好奇等。

She is always complaining. 她总是抱怨。

易错点：有些动词不用于进行时态，常见的有：
1.感觉类：look, feel, smell, sound, taste, hear
2.情感类：like ,love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore等。

3.心态类：hope, wish, want, need, expect, believe, think ,understand, agree, know, remember等。

I love my dad and mom. 我爱我的爸爸妈妈。

These books belong to Jim.这些书属于吉姆。

No. 6 过去进行时
构成：was/were+现在分词
用法：
1.表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或某一时间内一直在进行的动作。

He was watching TV at this time yesterday. 他昨天这个时候正在看电视。

2.与always, continually, often等连用，表示不耐烦等感情色彩。

She was always lying to us.她老是向我们撒谎。

No. 7 将来进行时
构成：shall/will be+现在分词
用法：表示将来某时刻正在进行的或延续的动作
I will be flying to Shanghai this time tomorrow.
明天这个时候我将飞往北京。

No. 8 现在完成时
构成：have/has＋过去分词
用法：
1.表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。

现在完成时常与up to now, so far, already, yet, recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词(短语)，或since引导的状语从句(从句中使用一般过去时)，或for＋一段时间，或since＋时间点连用。

His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
他的第一本小说自从上个月出版以来就很受欢迎。

2.表示过去发生或完成的某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，常与yet, already, just, before, lately等时间状语连用。

I have just turned off the light.
我刚刚把灯关了。

I have already read the book.
我已读过这本书了。

3.用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。

(用来代替将来完成时)
—When shall we restart our business?
—Not until we have finished our plan.
——什么时候我们重新开始我们的事业？
——直到我们已完成我们的计划。

4.用于现在完成时的固定句型：
1.在“It/This is/will be the first/second/third ... time＋that从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。

This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
这是我们第一次作为一家人在电影院看电影。

2.在“It/This is the best/worst/most＋adj.＋名词＋从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。

It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。

易错点：非延续性动词leave，arrive，come，go，return，join，die，buy，borrow等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for引出的时间段，since＋时间点或how long等状语连用，要转化为相应的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。

(见专辑06 动词和动词短语的用法)。

如：
[误]I have bought the car for a year.
[正]I have kept the car for a year.
这辆车我买了有一年了。

No. 9 过去完成时
构成：had＋过去分词
用法：
1.表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作，时间定位是“过去的过去”。

句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)，如by, by the end of, by the time, until, when, before等引出的表示过去的时间状语(从句)。

但有时需要通过上下文来判断。

By nine o'clock last night, we had finished most of the work.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已完成了大部分工作。

2.表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，或用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作(过去时)之前。

I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.
当公共汽车终于来的时候，我已在车站等了30分钟。

3.某些动词用于过去完成时，表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。

这类动词主要有：expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want等。

I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.
我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。

4.常用于过去完成时的固定句型：
1.在hardly/scarcely ... when ...，no sooner ... than ... 句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过
去时。

意思为“一……就……”。

Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
我一到家就开始下雨。

2.It was＋一段时间＋since从句。

since从句用过去完成时。

It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有三个月了。

3.It was the first/second/ ... time＋(that)从句。

从句用过去完成时。

It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。

4.By the time ...起连词的功能，引导从句，(表示过去时间的句子)＋主句(过去完成时)。

By the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself.
到十岁的时候，汤姆已经自己建了一个化学实验室。

No. 10 将来完成时
构成：will have＋过去分词
用法：将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的状态。

经常与before＋将来时间或by＋将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。

We will have finished our project by the end of this month.
本月底我们会完成我们的工程。

考向二被动语态
构成：be＋过去分词；get/become＋过去分词（常见于口语中）
be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。

被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。

各种时态的被动语态形式如下：
形式
一般式进行式完成式
时间
现在am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done
过去was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来shall/will be done shall/will have been done
用法：
1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；
2. 强调动作的承受者时。

It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。

With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。

No. 1 使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
1.主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。

My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.
→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.
我的朋友在我生日时给了我一本有趣的书。

2.主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；作宾补的不定式如果省略了to，变成被动语态时，需加上to。

The boss made him work all day long.→He was made to work all day long (by the boss)．
老板让他整天都工作。

3.短语动词变被动语态时，注意介词短语的完整性。

Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 你应该注意你的发音和拼写。

4.情态动词，be going to, be to, be sure to, have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原
形变为“be＋过去分词”。

We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.
我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。

5.当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式：
a．谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。

b．用it作形式主语，真正的主语用主语从句来表示。

People know paper was made in China first.众所周知，纸最先在中国被制造。

→Paper w as known to be made in China first.
→It is known that paper was made in China first.
类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that ...
No. 2 不能用于被动语态的几种情况
1.所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。

2.表示状态的谓语动词，如：last, hold, contain, fit, cost等。

3.表示归属的动词，如have，own，belong to等。

4.表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。

5.宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。

6.宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。

No. 3 主动形式表示被动含义
1.系动词不用于被动语态，如：feel, look, smell, taste, sound以及remain, keep, become等；
The fish smells good.鱼闻起来味道不错。

2.当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash等作为不及物动词，表示主语(通常为物)内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。

This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料很好洗。

These novels won't sell well.这些小说不畅销。

My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔书写流畅。

The door won't lock.这门无法关上。

对比：The door was locked.门被锁上了。

3.不及物动词（短语）不用于被动语态，如：happen, occur, break out, take place, come about, work out等。

The plan worked out successfully.
计划成功实施了。

4.want, require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。

5.be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。

6.在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动含义。

This kind of water isn't fit to drink.
这种水不适合饮用。

The room is comfortable to live in.
这个房间住起来很舒适。

7.be to blame（受谴责）用主动形式表被动意义。

No. 4 被动形式表示主动意义
be addicted to沉溺于；
be seated坐着；
be hidden躲藏；
be lost迷路；
be drunk喝醉；
be dressed穿着；
be devoted to致力于；
No. 5 被动语态与系表结构的区别
被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。

The book was sold by a certain bookstore. (被动语态)
这本书在某一家书店出售。

The book is well sold. (系表结构)
这本书卖得好。

考向三主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

做题时还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。

No. 1 就近一致原则
1.由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

Neither Jim nor his parents know anything about it.
吉姆和他母亲都不知道这件事。

2.在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。

There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。

→There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.
桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。

3.many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。

No. 2 语法一致原则
1.当主语后面接由as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。

在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。

Pronunciation as well as grammar changes quickly.
发音与语法一样变化很快。

2.由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。

A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.
很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。

A great deal of water is polluted every year.
每年大量的水被污染。

易混点：quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amount的单复数形式。

Quantities of information are available on the Internet.
在网上可得到大量的信息。

3.定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。

Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study.
在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。

Russia is upgrading its northern fleet, which includes 18 icebreakers.
俄罗斯正在升级它的北海舰队，准备增加18艘破冰船。

4.倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致
a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。

A building stands in front of us.
→In front of us stands a building.
我们面前矗立着一栋楼。

b．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词that(或who)后面的谓语与被强调的成分在人称和数上保持一致。

It is Lily who is a doctor.
莉莉是一名医生。

5.动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。

To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.
学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。

That he has won the game is known to us all.
他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。

Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.
夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。

注意：从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分为系表结构，主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名词/代词决定。

What they need is money while what we need most are textbooks.
他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。

No. 3 意义一致原则
1.and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。

Her teacher and her friends are on holiday.
她的老师和朋友们都在度假中。

The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。

2.“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。

3.“a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

A number of measures were being taken to protect the endangered animals
人们正采取各种措施保护濒危动物。

The number of staff has declined from 218,000 to 116,000.
员工人数从。

4.分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。

the rest, the remaining/part ...，plenty of, a great deal of等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。

The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very boring.
讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。

About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。

Only 60 percent of the work was finished yesterday.
昨天只干了60%的活。

5. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，
谓语动词用复数形式。

常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。

The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。

The class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。

6.示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。

Three thousand miles is a long distance.
三千英里是一段很长的距离。

7.以-s/-ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, politics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Bad news travels quickly.
[谚语]坏事传千里。

8.单复数同形的名词，如：deer，sheep，fish，means，works，Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。

All means have been tried.
所有方式都试过了。

Every means has been tried.
每一种方式都试过了。

9.“the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

The wounded have been cured and the lost have been found.
受伤的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了.
“4”方法解决时态问题
No. 1 根据“时态定义”和“标志性状语”原则
掌握时态的构成和用法是解题的根本，同时在题干信息中，应捕捉动词常用时态标志性状语，如yesterday, last week, tomorrow, always, since, so far, in the past few years等，以此判定时态。

I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______(make)over the years.
No. 2 根据“语境暗示”原则
有些句子时间状语并不明确，可以通过上下文的“语境暗示”，正确分析语境来判定时态。

I ______(hope) to send John a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
No. 3 根据“动作并列或先后关系”原则
句中如果出现两个或两个以上的动词时，动词发生的时间有并列或一定的先后关系，可以根据这一原则来
判定时态。

One study in America found that students’ grades _______(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
No. 4 根据“固定句式”原则
熟练掌握常用句式是解决时态问题的一种方法，平时应当多积累一些常用句式。

That was the first time that he ______(have) gone abroad.
考向1 动词的时态和语态
1.（2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期4月押题）China’s first zero-carbon demonstration zone was launched in Boao in 202
2. By 2023, a total of 16 projects at the zone__________(finish).
2.(2023届湖北省高三5月国度省考模拟测试试题)Kites, believed to be the earliest flying objects created by humans, _______ (invent) over 2,000 years ago in China.
考向2 动词的主谓一致和时态、语态
1.（2023届广东省名校联盟高三3月大联考试题) Since then Hackett_______(open) up a large number of other bungee jumping sites around the world and is perhaps the single person most responsible for making bungee jumping a safe and popular adventure sport.
)April 7 ________(mark) World Health Day and Macron addressed a question from a student on how to tackle challenges facing public health.
3.(2023届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期模拟试题) After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum _______ (establish) in 1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad to visit the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
所给词的适当形式填空
1.（2022年新高考I卷) The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
2. (2022年新高考II卷) Henry ___62___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
3. (2022全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao ____67____ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.。