高三英语材料科学单选题60题

高三英语材料科学单选题60题
1.Metal is a common material in engineering. Which of the following is not a metal?
A.iron
B.aluminum
C.glass
D.copper
答案：C。

本题考查材料科学中金属的概念。

铁（iron）、铝（aluminum）和铜（（copper）都是常见的金属。

而玻璃（（glass）是一种非金属材料，主要由硅酸盐等组成。

2.Which material is often used for insulation?
A.steel
B.plastic
C.gold
D.silver
答案：B。

在材料科学中，塑料（（plastic）常被用作绝缘材料。

钢（steel）、金（（gold）和银（（silver）都是导电性能较好的金属材料，不适合用于绝缘。

3.In the field of materials science, which one is a composite material?
A.wood
B.paper
C.concrete
D.water
答案：C。

混凝土（（concrete）是一种复合材料，由水泥、骨料和水等组成。

木头（（wood）是天然材料。

纸（（paper）主要由纤维素等组成，不是复合材料。

水（water）是一种化合物，不是复合材料。

4.Which material is known for its high hardness?
A.rubber
B.leather
C.diamond
D.cloth
答案：C。

在材料科学中，钻石（（diamond）以其高硬度而闻名。

橡胶（rubber）、皮革（leather）和布（cloth）的硬度都较低。

5.Which of the following materials is ductile?
A.brick
B.glass
C.copper
D.stone
答案：C。

在材料科学中，铜（（copper）是一种具有延展性（（ductile）的金属材料。

砖（brick）、玻璃（glass）和石头（stone）都是脆性材料，不具有延展性。

6.Materials scientists often try to improve the properties of materials by heating them at high temperatures and then cooling them slowly.This process is called _____.
A.turning up
B.working out
C.carrying out
D.annealing
答案：D。

本题考查动词短语的辨析。

“annealing”意为“退火”，符合材料科学家通过高温加热然后缓慢冷却来改善材料性能的过程描述。

“turning up”是“出现；调大”的意思；“working out”是“解决；算出；锻炼”的意思；“carrying out”是“执行；实行”的意思，这三个选项都不符合题意。

7.In material science experiments,we need to measure the properties of different materials accurately.This requires us to use appropriate instruments and methods,which is called _____.
A.looking into
B.picking up
C.figuring out
D.characterizing
答案：D。

“characterizing”有“表征；描述特性”的意思，符合在材料科学实验中测量不同材料的性能需要使用适当的仪器和方法这一情境。

“looking into”是“调查；观察”的意思；“picking up”是“捡起；接某人；学会”的意思；“figuring out”是“想出；理解”的意思，这三个选项均不符合。

8.When we study the structure of materials,we often use powerful
microscopes to observe them.This action can be described as _____.
A.checking out
B.taking a look at
C.scanning
D.keeping an eye on
答案：C。

“scanning”有“扫描”的意思，在研究材料结构时使用强大的显微镜观察可以用“scanning”来描述。

“checking out”是“检查；核实”的意思；“taking a look at”是“看一下”，比较口语化；“keeping an eye on”是“留意；照看”的意思，这三个选项都不符合材料科学中用显微镜观察材料结构的情境。

9.To make new materials with specific properties,scientists need to combine different elements and compounds in a controlled way.This process is known as _____.
A.mixing up
B.putting together
C.blending
D.synthesizing
答案：D。

“synthesizing”是“合成”的意思，符合科学家以可控的方式结合不同元素和化合物来制造具有特定性能的新材料的过程。

“mixing up”是“混淆；拌和”的意思；“putting together”是“放在一起；组合”，比较宽泛；“blending”是“混合”的意思，没有“synthesizing”那么专业地体现制造新材料的过程。

10.After conducting a series of experiments on a new material,scientists need to analyze the results carefully.This activity is called _____.
A.looking over
B.going through
C.examining
D.reviewing
答案：C。

“examining”有“检查；审查”的意思，符合科学家对新材料进行一系列实验后仔细分析结果的活动。

“looking over”是“检查；查看”，比较随意；“going through”是“经历；仔细检查”，没有“examining”那么准确地体现对实验结果的分析；“reviewing”是“复习；回顾；评审”的意思，不太符合对实验结果的分析这个情境。

11.The new material is extremely _______ and can withstand high temperatures.
A.durable
B.fragile
C.soft
D.brittle
答案：A。

本题考查形容词辨析。

“durable”表示耐用的、持久的；“fragile”意为易碎的；“soft”是柔软的；“brittle”表示脆的。

新材料能承受高温，说明是极其耐用的。

12.The surface of the metal is _______ smooth.
A.perfectly
B.roughly
C.approximately
D.slightly
答案：A。

“perfectly”表示完美地、完全地；“roughly”是粗糙地；“approximately”大约；“slightly”轻微地。

金属表面通常是光滑的，“perfectly smooth”表示非常光滑。

13.The plastic is _______ flexible and can be bent easily.
A.highly
B.scarcely
C.slightly
D.rarely
答案：A。

“highly”表示高度地；“scarcely”几乎不；“slightly”轻微地；“rarely”很少地。

塑料通常是比较灵活的，“highly flexible”表示高度灵活。

14.The glass is _______ transparent and allows light to pass through easily.
A.absolutely
B.partially
C.relatively
D.hardly
答案：A。

“absolutely”表示绝对地；“partially”部分地；“relatively”
相对地；“hardly”几乎不。

玻璃通常是绝对透明的。

15.The rubber is _______ elastic and can stretch a lot.
A.extremely
B.slightly
C.barely
D.rarely
答案：A。

“extremely”表示极其；“slightly”轻微地；“barely”几乎不；“rarely”很少地。

橡胶通常是非常有弹性的，“extremely elastic”表示极其有弹性。

16.Metal is often used _ construction.
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.for
答案：A。

“in construction”表示“在建设中”，是固定搭配。

选项B“on”通常表示在……上面；选项C“at”表示在某个具体的地点或时间点；选项D“for”表示为了……目的等。

17.The strength of this material depends _ its composition.
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.with
答案：A。

“depend on”是固定短语，表示“取决于”。

选项B“in”通常表示在……里面；选项C“at”表示在某个具体的地点或时间点；选项D“with”表示和……一起等。

18.New materials are developed _ response to various needs.
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.to
答案：D。

“in response to”是固定短语，表示“作为对……的回应”。

选项A“in”通常表示在……里面；选项B“on”通常表示在……上面；选项C“at”表示在某个具体的地点或时间点。

19.The properties of a material can be altered _ adding certain elements.
A.by
B.in
C.at
D.on
答案：A。

“by doing sth.”表示通过某种方式。

选项B“in”通常表示在……里面；选项C“at”表示在某个具体的地点或时间点；选项D“on”通常表示在……上面。

20.Materials science plays an important role _ many industries.
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.for
答案：A。

“play an important role in”是固定短语，表示“在……中起重要作用”。

选项B“on”通常表示在……上面；选项C“at”表示在某个具体的地点或时间点；选项D“for”表示为了……目的等。

21.Materials science is a fascinating field ______ it combines elements of chemistry,physics and engineering.
A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
答案：A。

本题考查连词的用法。

“Materials science is a fascinating field”和“it combines elements of chemistry,physics and engineering”是并列关系，用and 连接。

22.The development of new materials is crucial ______ many industries rely on advanced materials for innovation.
A.for
B.as
C.since
D.though
答案：B。

本题考查连词的用法。

“many industries rely on advanced
materials for innovation”是“The development of new materials is crucial”的原因，用as 表示因为。

23.Materials can be classified into different categories ______ their properties and applications.
A.according to
B.instead of
C.due to
D.along with
答案：A。

本题考查连词的用法。

“their properties and applications”是分类的依据，用according to 表示根据。

24.Materials scientists conduct research to improve existing materials ______ develop new ones.
A.while
B.and
C.or
D.but
答案：B。

本题考查连词的用法。

“improve existing materials”和“develop new ones”是并列关系，用and 连接。

25.Some materials are strong and durable ______ others are lightweight and flexible.
A.while
B.and
C.or
D.so
答案：A。

本题考查连词的用法。

“Some materials are strong and durable”和“others are lightweight and flexible”是对比关系，用while 表示然而。

26.Materials science is an interdisciplinary field that involves studying the properties and applications of materials. In order to improve the performance of materials, scientists often use various methods, such as doping, alloying and heat treatment. One important aspect of materials science is understanding the structure-property relationship. The structure of a material determines its properties, and vice versa. In order to understand this relationship, scientists need to use advanced characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and spectroscopy. These techniques can provide detailed information about the structure and composition of materials. Another important aspect of materials science is developing new materials with improved properties. This requires a deep understanding of the principles of materials design and synthesis. Scientists need to consider various factors, such as chemical composition, crystal structure, microstructure and processing conditions, when designing new materials. In addition, materials science also plays an important role in many other fields, such as energy, electronics, aerospace and biomedicine. For example, materials science is essential for the
development of advanced batteries, solar cells, transistors and medical implants. Materials science is a fascinating and challenging field that offers many opportunities for scientific discovery and technological innovation.
The discovery of new materials often requires extensive research and experimentation. Scientists must carefully design and conduct experiments to test the properties and performance of different materials. This process often involves using advanced instrumentation and techniques. In addition, materials science research often requires collaboration between scientists from different disciplines, such as chemistry, physics, engineering and biology. By working together, these scientists can bring different perspectives and expertise to bear on complex problems.
The development of new materials can have a significant impact on society. For example, new materials can improve energy efficiency, reduce environmental pollution and enhance the quality of life. However, the development of new materials also raises ethical and social issues. For example, the use of certain materials may have negative environmental impacts or raise concerns about human health and safety. Therefore, materials scientists must consider these issues when developing new materials.
In conclusion, materials science is a multidisciplinary field that plays an important role in many aspects of modern society. By understanding the properties and applications of materials, scientists can develop new
materials with improved properties and performance. This can lead to scientific discovery and technological innovation that benefits society as a whole.
In the sentence "The discovery of new materials often requires extensive research and experimentation, scientists must carefully design and conduct experiments to test the properties and performance of different materials.", the underlined part is a gerund phrase. What is the function of this gerund phrase?
A.Subject
B.Object
C.Predicative
D.Attributive
答案：A。

本题中“The discovery of new materials”是句子的主语，其中“discovery”是中心词，“of new materials”是介词短语作后置定语修饰“discovery”。

动名词短语作主语表示某个动作或行为，在本句中表示“发现新材料”这个行为需要广泛的研究和实验。

27.Materials science is a field that combines knowledge from physics, chemistry, and engineering. It focuses on understanding the properties and behavior of materials at different scales, from the atomic and molecular level to the macroscopic level. Materials scientists use a variety of techniques to study materials, including microscopy, spectroscopy, and computational modeling. They also develop new materials with specific
properties for various applications, such as electronics, energy storage, and biomedicine.
One important aspect of materials science is the study of phase transitions. Phase transitions occur when a material changes from one phase to another, such as from a solid to a liquid or from one crystal structure to another. These transitions can be induced by changes in temperature, pressure, or chemical composition. Understanding phase transitions is crucial for designing materials with specific properties, such as superconductors or shape memory alloys.
Another important area of materials science is the study of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have unique properties due to their small size and large surface area. They can be used in a variety of applications, such as catalysis, drug delivery, and sensors. Materials scientists are working on developing new methods for synthesizing and characterizing nanomaterials to improve their performance and functionality.
In addition to these areas, materials science also includes the study of polymers, ceramics, and metals. Each of these materials has its own unique properties and applications. Materials scientists are constantly exploring new ways to improve the properties and performance of these materials through synthesis, processing, and characterization.
Overall, materials science is a fascinating and important field that has the potential to revolutionize many areas of technology and industry.
In the sentence "Understanding phase transitions is crucial for designing materials with specific properties, such as superconductors or shape memory alloys.", the underlined part is a gerund phrase. What is the function of this gerund phrase?
A.Subject
B.Object
C.Predicative
D.Attributive
答案：B。

本题中“Understanding phase transitions”是动名词短语作主语，表示“理解相变”这个行为。

“is crucial for”表示“对……是至关
31.Materials science research might lead to new discoveries. The word “might” here expresses ___.
A.possibility
B.necessity
C.ability
D.permission
答案：A。

“might”在这里表示可能性。

32.New materials must be developed to meet the growing demands. “must” indicates ___.
A.possibility
B.necessity
C.ability
D.permission
答案：B。

“must”表示必要性。

33.The properties of certain materials can be improved through advanced techniques. “can” shows ___.
A.possibility
B.necessity
C.ability
D.permission
答案：A。

“can”表示可能性。

34.Scientists should explore new materials for sustainable development. “should” implies ___.
A.possibility
B.necessity
C.advice or obligation
D.permission
答案：C。

“should”表示建议或义务。

35.Materials with special properties could revolutionize various industries. “could” expresses ___.
A.possibility
B.necessity
C.ability
D.permission
答案：A。

“could”也表示可能性。

36.Not only the students but also the teacher _interested in the new material.
A.is
B.are
C.be
D.were
答案：A。

本题考查就近原则，not only...but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致，这里靠近谓语动词的是the teacher，所以用is。

37.It was in the laboratory _the experiment was carried out.
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
答案：A。

本题考查强调句，强调句的结构是It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。

这里强调的是in the laboratory，所以用that。

38.Seldom _see such a beautiful material.
A.we
B.do we
C.did we
D.we did
答案：B。

本题考查倒装句，seldom 表示否定意义的副词位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词、be 动词或情态动词提到主语前面。

这里根据句意用一般现在时，所以把助动词do 提到主语we 前面。

39.Hardly had we entered the room _the phone rang.
A.when
B.than
C.while
D.as
答案：A。

本题考查固定句型hardly...when...，表示“一……就……”，hardly 后面要用过去完成时，when 后面要用一般过去时。

40.Only when we understand the properties of the material _use it properly.
A.we can
B.can we
C.we will
D.will we
答案：B。

本题考查倒装句，only+状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即把助动词、be 动词或情态动词提到主语前面。

这里根据句意用can we。

41.The new material which/that was developed recently has many advantages.（（答案：which/that。

解析：先行词是material，在定语从
句中作主语，关系词用which 或that。

）
42.The scientist who/that discovered the new material is very famous.（答案：who/that。

解析：先行词是scientist，在定语从句中作主语，关系词用who 或that。

）
43.The experiment in which/where the new material was tested was successful.（答案：in which/where。

解析：先行词是experiment，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系词用in which 或where。

）
44.The properties of the material which/that we are studying are very interesting.（（答案：which/that。

解析：先行词是material，在定语从句中作宾语，关系词用which 或that。

）
45.The company that/which produces the new material is expanding rapidly.（（答案：that/which。

解析：先行词是company，在定语从句中作主语，关系词用that 或which。

）
46.Material science is a field where we study the properties and applications of various materials. What we need to know is ____ different materials can be used in different industries.
A.that
B.what
C.how
D.why
答案：C。

本题考查名词性从句中的表语从句。

表语从句中缺少方式状语，即不同的材料是如何在不同的行业中被使用的，所以用
how 引导。

47.The discovery of new materials often leads to technological advancements. The question is ____ these new materials will be widely used in the near future.
A.if
B.that
C.what
D.when
答案：A。

本题考查名词性从句中的表语从句。

根据句意，问题是这些新材料在不久的将来是否会被广泛使用，所以用if 引导表语从句。

48.In material science research, we often wonder ____ the properties of a certain material can be improved.
A.what
B.that
C.how
D.which
答案：C。

本题考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。

我们经常想知道某种材料的性能如何能够被提高，缺少方式状语，所以用how 引导宾语从句。

49.The success of a material depends on many factors. One important factor is ____ it can meet the specific requirements of a particular
application.
A.that
B.what
C.whether
D.how
答案：C。

本题考查名词性从句中的表语从句。

一种重要的因素是它是否能够满足特定应用的具体要求，所以用whether 引导表语从句。

50.The development of new materials is crucial for many industries. What we are concerned about is ____ these new materials are environmentally friendly.
A.that
B.what
C.whether
D.how
答案：C。

本题考查名词性从句中的表语从句。

我们所关心的是这些新材料是否是环保的，所以用whether 引导表语从句。

51.Materials can change their properties when exposed to different temperatures.（材料在不同温度下会改变其特性。

）
A. when
B. while
C. as
答案：A。

when 在这里表示“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，强调在某个特定的时间点发生的动作。

52.The strength of a material increases as the pressure applied on it grows.（材料的强度随着施加在其上的压力增加而增加。

）
A. as
B. since
C. because
D. for
答案：A。

as 在这里表示“随着”，引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时进行。

53.Materials may crack if they are subjected to excessive stress.（如果材料受到过度应力，它们可能会破裂。

）
A. if
B. unless
C. in case
D. provided that
答案：A。

if 表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句。

54.Materials perform better where there is proper ventilation.（在有适当通风的地方材料表现更好。

）
A. where
B. wherever
D. while
答案：A。

where 在这里引导地点状语从句，表示“在……的地方”。

55.Materials can maintain their stability even though they are exposed to harsh environments.（（即使材料暴露在恶劣的环境中，它们也能保持稳定。

）
A. even though
B. although
C. despite
D. in spite of
答案：A。

even though 表示“即使”，引导让步状语从句。

56.If the properties of this new material had been known earlier, many more applications would have been found.
答案：many more applications would have been found.本题考查虚拟语气中对过去情况的假设。

从句用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“would have + 过去分词”。

57.If the scientists could predict the behavior of this special material more accurately, we would be able to design better products.
答案：we would be able to design better products.本题考查虚拟语气中对现在情况的假设。

从句用“过去式（（be 动词用were）”，主句用“would + 动词原形”。

58.If there were no advanced materials, our technology would not
progress so rapidly.
答案：our technology would not progress so rapidly.本题考查虚拟语气中对现在情况的否定假设。

从句用“were”，主句用“would + 动词原形”的否定形式。

59.If this material had not been discovered by accident, our research would have taken a different direction.
答案：our research would have taken a different direction.本题考查虚拟语气中对过去情况的否定假设。

从句用“had + not + 过去分词”，主句用“would have + 过去分词”。

60.If we had known the potential of this material from the beginning, we would have invested more in its research and development.
答案：we would have invested more in its research and development.本题考查虚拟语气中对过去情况的假设。

从句用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“would have + 过去分词”。