立刻说：怎么拆分定语从句

怎样拆分定语从句
要彻底理解定语从句，一定要运用“拆分”的思想，把主句+很长的定语从句拆分开来。

I am looking for a man who is rich, cute and well-educated.
我在寻找一个有钱，帅，而且很有教养的男生。

首先把这个定语从句拆分：
1. I am looking for a man.
2. The man is rich, cute and well-educated.
接下来组合：
I am looking for (a man the man) is rich, cute and well-educated.
括号内a man和the man信息重复了，位于前面的词称之为先行词，后面一词我们可以把它叫做“后行词”。

既然信息重复，为什么不能干脆删掉后行词？如果直接删掉后行词，会导致一个句子有两套主谓，关系会变得混乱，例如：
I am looking for a man is rich, cute and well-educated.
如果直接保留后行词，会造成重复，为了避免重复（众所周知，英文最讨厌重复），我们将后行词进行转变，在上例中the man变为who，经过转变之后，后行词除了具备原来的词义之外，还增加了连词的作用。

一、Who/whom
后行词是人，就用who/that来替代。

但是如果后行词是宾格，即him，them，her，可以用whom进行替代，也可以直接用who。

He is the boy who/whom I will go to shanghai with.
拆分：
1. He is the boy.
2. I will go to shanghai with him.
这两句的关联部分就是the boy和him，也就是所谓的先行词和后行词。

为了衔接连贯，后行词需要前置，句2就变成：Him I will go to shanghai with.
然后再将him替换为who或者whom：
He is the boy who/whom I will go to shanghai with.
有的时候，介词和后行词的关系十分密切，如果只前置后行词，它们的修饰关系就不明显，所以通常是将后行词和介词一起前置：With him I will go to shanghai.这个时候就只能使用whom替换him，把句子变成：
He is the boy with whom I will go to shanghai.
而不能写成这种形式：
He is the boy with who I will go to shanghai
二、Which/that
后行词是表事物的名词，就用which或者that替换。

The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
拆分：
1. The book is written by Tomas Hardy.
2. I am reading the book.
连接：
The book（the book）I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
后行词是表事物的名词the book，所以用which或者that 带替换。

三、Whose
后行词是his，her，its，their，your one 's等等表示所属关系的词，用whose代替。

例1：
He is the man whose car was stolen.
拆分：
1. He is the man
2. His car was stolen.
组合：
He is the man (his) car was stolen.
后行词是his，所以whose代词
例2：
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.
拆分：
1. You are the only one.
2. Your advice he might listen to.
You are the only one (Your) advice he might listen to.
后行词是your，所以用whose代替。

四、Where
后行词如果是地点状语（通常是介词+表地点名词），就用where替换。

This is the house where I was born.
拆分：
1. This is the house.
2. In this house I was born.
This is the house (in this house) I was born.
后行词是地点状语in the house，介词+表地点名词，所以用where替换。

知道这点以后，我们高中时候纠结的先行词如果是the place，后面该用which/that 还是where；先行词如果是time，后面该用which/that还是when的问题就迎刃而解了。

因为答案藏在后行词之上。

对比：
This is the house that belongs to my brother.
拆分：
1. This is the house
2. This house belongs to my brother.
This is the house (this house) belongs to my brother.
后行词是this house，前面没有介词，是表事物的名词，当然用which或者that。

五、When
如果后行词是时间状语（通常是介词+表时间名词），就用when替换。

He came at a time when we needed help.
拆分：
1. He came at a time.
2. At that time we needed help.
He came at a time (at that time) we need help.
后行词是时间状语at that time，所以用when替换。

对比：
He came at a time which was just perfect.
拆分：
1. He came at a time.
2. The time was just perfect.
He came at a time (the time) was just perfect
后行词是the time，前面没有介词，是表（抽象）事物的名词，当然用which或者that。

六、Why
如果后行词是原因状语for this/that reason，就用why替换。

I knew the reason why he was late.
拆分：
1. I knew the reason.
2. For this reason he was late
I knew the reason (for this reason) he was late.
后行词是原因状语for this reason，所以用why替换。

对比：
The reason that he explained at the meeting was not acceptable.
拆分：
1. The reason was not acceptable
2. He explained the reason at the meeting.
The reason (the reason) he explained at the meeting was not acceptable.
后行词是the reason，前面没有介词，是表（抽象）事物的名词，当然用which或者that。

七、Where可以替代抽象的地点状语、when可以代替抽象的时间状语，引导定语从句
English is a “fixed-word-order”language where each phrase has a fixed position.
英语是一种“词序”固定的语言，其中的每个短语位置都有固定的位置。

拆分以后：
English is a “fixed-word-order”language.
In this language each phrase has a fixed position.
后行词是In this language“在这种语言中”，可以理解为抽象的地点状语，所以用where替代。

Life isn't some musical cartoon where you sing a little song, and your insipid dreams magically come true!
人生可不是什么卡通音乐剧，只要唱支小曲，你那无聊的梦想就会奇迹般实现。

拆分以后：
Life isn't some musical cartoon.
In that cartoon you sing a little song, and your insipid dreams magically come true!
后行词是In that cartoon “在那种卡通音乐剧中”，可以理解为抽象的地点状语，所以用where替代。

抽象的时间状语较为少见，例如：
There are occasions when one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

拆分以后：
There are occasions
One must yield on those occasions.
后行词是on that occasions“在某些特定情况下”，可以理解为抽象的时间状语，所以用when替代。

如果你能够把这些全部掌握，你的定语从句水平应该非常厉害了。

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