同步外研高中英语选修八培优新方案课件：Module3ForeignFoodSectionⅢ

Section HI Grammar —复习定语和定语从句
I ffi 析——细解规则多练悟
j
语法图解 「1•定义
「定语2 •位置
I 3.多个作定语的形容词的顺序 定语r 定语从句中关系词
的用法 I 从句介词+关系词”引导的定语从句
总览
主干知识初探
定语和定
语从句
探究发现
①I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes
to be served.
②Everyone else just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their
chopsticks down，continuing to chat.
③I still remember what I ate: a tuna fish and cheese sandwich. ©Do you know the girl singing over there?
@He is always the first person to leave the office.
⑥One evening he was entertaining the ruler of a small island in the Pacific.
⑦However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me to accept.
®But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which British people eat，even if it is just a potato.
⑨As we all know，Vladimir Putin was elected President of Russia a fourth time.
©The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
［我的发现］
(1)①〜⑥句中，黑体部分在句中均作定语，且①③句中作前置定语，②④⑤⑥作后置定语。

(2)由②句可知，形容词修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词后面。

(3)⑦〜⑩句中，黑体部分均为定语从句。

⑷⑨⑩句中，黑体部分为非限制性定语从句。

分解另要点规则详析
一、定语
1.定义
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词。

可用作定语的词有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、从句以及非谓语动词等。

(1)名词作定语修饰另一名词时，一般用单数形式；man和woman作
定语时，可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰的名词的数而定。

He broke a coffee cup.
他打碎了一个咖啡杯。

He said that two women teachers would come to our village next week. 他说两个女老师下周要来我们村。

(2)用作定语的代词为形容词性物主代词、of所有格和不定代词所有格。

Her proposal is worth considering.
她的建议值得考虑。

My business is none of your business. 我的事与你无关。

(3)基数词和序数词都可用作定语。

We belong to the Third World. 我们属于第三世界。

2.位置
定语的位置有两种：前置定语和后置定语。

(1)形容词作定语时要置于其修饰的名词前，但表语形容词作后
置定语；形容词修饰不定代词时也要后置。

All the people present were for the plan. 在场的所有人都同意这项计划O
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的手表出毛病了。

(2)有些时间和地点副词(如：above, here, there等)作后置定语。

Put the book on the shelf above.
把这本书放在上面的架子上。

(3)介词短语、非谓语动词和从句通常作后置定语。

That is the teaching plan for you to discuss.
那就是供你们讨论的那份教学计划O
There is nothing that worries him.
没有什么事使他烦恼。

3・多个作定语的形容词的顺序
当多个形容词作定语时，其大概位置关系如下: 大小（形状、年龄）+颜色+来源+材料+用途+被修饰的词
a pair of black Spanish leather boots 一双黑色的西班牙皮靴
some beautiful little red flowers
一些美丽的小红花
the first beautiful little white Chinese wooden bridge 第一座美丽的中国小白木桥
即时演练1画出下列句子中的定语
①Y OU'IT a real fool if you believe it
答案：You!re a real fool if you believe it.
②They played an important football match against Liverpool last Sunday.
答案:They pl町ed an important football match against Liverpool last Sunday.
③My hair needs cutting.
答案:My hair needs cutting.
④There's only one way to solve it.
答案：There f s only one way to solve it <
@The two rooms upstairs are my sisters* bedrooms.
答案：The two rooms upstairs are my sisters1bedrooms. @He
was walking in the park with a walking stick in his hand.
答案：He was walking in the park with a walking stick in his hand.
⑦Look at the broken glasses.
答案：Look at the broken glasses.
®The man who caused the accident escaped.
答案：The man who caused the accident escaped.
二、定语从句
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。

1. 定语从句中关系词的用法
指人that, who, whom, whose （定语）
可用“介词+which”替代 He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天看见的那个人。

心1•关系代词 （主语/宾语）
指物that, which, whose （定语）
关系词（起 连接作用J 在从句中
［ 充当成
分） 指某一情况which, as 不能放丁•句首 （2•关系副词
（状语） 放在句中或句首“正如” when, where, why
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。

The package which/that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包裹快散了。

Can you still remember that evening when we met for the first time?你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？
Can you show me the house where Shakespeare lived?
I don't know the reason why he didn't tell it to his father.
我不明白为什么他没有把这件事告诉他父亲。

［名师点津］⑴表示"方式”的名词way后的定语从句中如果关系词在从句中作方式状语，关系词用that或in which,也可省略关系词。

I don't like the way (that/in which) he talks to me.
我不喜欢他和我说话的方式。

(2)as 引导限制性定语从句，指代人或物，在从句中作宾语或主
语，通常用于下列结构:the same ...as 意为“同
主句之前，也可放在主句之后。

We do the same work as they (do). 我们和他们干同样的活。

Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.
我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

2. “介词+关系词”引导的定语从句
的” ,such ... as 意为"像 这/那样的”;引导非限制性定
语从句，指代整句话，常译为“正如 ”;从句既可放在
一样
• ••
（1）关系代词作介词的宾语，当介词置于定语从句句首时，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom（指人）。

The pencil with which he was writing suddenly broke.
他正在用来写字的铅笔突然断了。

Look at the photo. This is Mr Green，in front of whom sit three students.
看这张照片。

这是格林先生，在他的前面坐着三个学生。

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
(2) “不定代词或数词+of + which/whonf，引导的定语从句可转化为
J of+which/whom+不定代词或数词”引导的定语从句。

其中不定代词为：some，any, none，both，all, many，a few， few，a little, little, either, neither, one，most，part 等。

There are 40 students in our class，most of whom(=of whom most) like English.
我们班有40名学生，他们中的大多数喜欢英语。

(3) "whose+名词”引导定语从句时，可转化为“the+名词+ of +
which/whom"或"of+which/whom+the+名词"。

介词of表示所有关系。

I live in a room whose windows are all broken.
= I live in a room the windows of which (= of which the windows) are all broken.
我住在一个窗户都坏了的房间里。

(4)“某些介词+关系副词”也可引导定语从句。

He graduated from Beijing University in 1988, since when he has improved himself in all aspects.
他1988年毕业于北京大学。

从那时起他在各方面都提高了。

即时演练2
(1)单句语法填空
①Do you still remember the farm which/that we visited three months ago?
②一Is that the small town you often refer to?
一Yes，just the one where I used to work for twenty years.
③Jim passed the driving test，which surprised everybody in the office.
@Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
@The organization was founded by the two boys，whose parents are both investors.
@Mr Brown is a man whom/who/that you can turn to for help when you are in trouble.
©The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
©There are two things to^ which you should pay attention while learning English.
⑨The house, of which the roof was blown off by the wind, is the
oldest one in this village.
®Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?
⑪He explained the reason for which he had done the thing for the old.
®I don't like the way hi which he treats his parents.
(2)单句改错
©Reading has a lot of advantages, one of them is that it helps you develop reading skills, them—which
⑭First, the place where we've decided to visit 一the Forest Park is not far away from the city, where—which/that 或去掉where
From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as
a bridge helps us to seek the tmth. bridge 后加that/which
My house is about three kilometers far away from Xi'an
Muslim Street where is full of local foods.where-^which/that
⑰At the same time，another student, that saw everything^ went up to help, that—who
My father was easily cheated, what surprised me.
what—which
I I 阳n——即学即用查缺漏
［継按咅考］
单句语法填空
1. (2019-全
卷IH)They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.
解析：考查定语从句的关系词。

分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters,且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词whOo
2.（2019-北京高考）The students benefitting most from college
are those who/that are totally engaged （参与）in academic
life，taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources （资源）.
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。

先行词是those,指大学生们，故用who引导定语从句，who在从句中作主语。

关系代词that可以指人，故填who/that o
3.（2019•江苏离考改编）We have entered into an age when dreams
have the best chance of coming true.
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。

句意：我们已经进入了一个
梦想最有可能实现的时代。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导定
语从句，从句的主谓宾成分齐全，先行词是表示时间的名词
an age,故用关系副词when引导定语从句。

4.（2018•北京高考改编）She and her family bicycle to work, which
helps them keep fit.
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。

句意：她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。

分析句子结构可知，此处用which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的事。

5.（2017・全国卷I ）Like anything^ it is possible to have too much
of both，which is not good for the health.
解析：考查定语从句的关系词。

分析句子结构可知，空格处
引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为前面
的整个句子，故填关系代词which o
6.（2017*全国卷HI）But Sarahs whohas taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
解析：考查定语从句的关系词。

此句中Sarah是主语，wants
是主句谓语，因此可以判断此处空格所在句子为非限制性定
语从句，先行词为Sarah,从句中缺主语且指人，故填who。

7.（2017・北京髙考改编）The little problems that/which we meet
in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
解析：考查定语从句的关系词。

句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。

分析句子结构可知，
空格所在句子为定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是
problems,故填that/which。

• （2017•天漳XT考改编）My eldest son，whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
解析：考查定语从句的关系词。

句意：我的大儿子的工作需
要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。

从句意和结构来看，
空格处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作定语，故填whose o
［值休提他］
I •单句语法填空
1 • They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which made us quite
angry.
2.All the books that were collected from the students will be sent to
those schools in the countryside.
3.We went to Guilin, where we enjoyed ourselves.
4.The subway to be completed (complete) next year will ease the
traffic jam in this city.
5 • The concert given (give) by the students yesterday was a
great success.
6.I got a text message just now saying (say) that there was
something wrong with my credit card.
7.He has a lot of work to do (do) this weekend，so he can't go to
Dalian with us.
• As was expected，he performed the task with success.
9.She had eight children, three of whom grew up.
10.The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded
by angry crowd.
II •完成句子
1.一个五岁的孩子正在叠纸飞机。

A five・year・old boy is folding a paper plane .
2.那个男孩在房间里发现了某件奇怪的东西。

The boy found something strange in the room.
3.这条被污染的河散发岀难闻的气味。

The polluted river gives off a terrible smell.
4.众所周知，由于全球气候变化，地球正变得越来越暖和。

As we all know . the earth is becoming warmer and warmer due to the global climate change.
5.没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。

A sailor who has experienced no storm will never become an
excellent sailor.
6.我特别的爱好是读书看报，这已经成为我日常生活中不可或
缺的一部分。

My favorite hobby is reading books and newspapers^ which has become a necessary Dart of mv daily life •
7.在假期，我会住在乡下，那里空气新鲜而且人们友好。

During holiday seasons，I will live in the countryside, where the
air is fresh and people are friendly .
8.他昨天是在一家新的红砖砌的大餐厅吃的饭。

He had his dinner in an new lar^e brick dining hall yesterday.
9.明天举行的会议非常重要。

The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.
10.坐在桌边的那个男人站起来向我道别。

The man sitting at the table stood up and said "Bye" to
me.
HL短文改错
Dear Jack,
Thanks for your lettenFm glad you f ve been offered two summer jobs at same time — working in a restaurant and working in a museum.If I were him，I would take the one in the museum.
First, you can gain more knowledge about history，that will enrich your life great.Second, you can make more friend from different parts of the country by serve them when working there.Finally, compared to the job in the restaurant, working in the museum can be most challenging.If you find a position there I'm sure you'll see a rapid improve in both your character or abilities.You will also have great time.
Good luck!
Yours,
Li Hua 答案：第二句：at后加the
第三句:him—you
第四句：that—which; great—greatly
第五句：friendf friends; serve-►serving 第六句:mostf more 第七句:improveimprovement; or-^and 第八句：have后加a
谢观看。