2020高中英语 Unit 10 Money Section Ⅱ Language Points (Ⅰ)(Warm-up

Section ⅡLanguage Points (Ⅰ)
(Warm­up & Lesson 1)
[语言基础自测]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．I think this is perhaps the most enjoyable(使人快乐的) occasion we have ever had at the White House.
2．We are looking for someone who is reliable and hardworking(勤奋的)．
3．We are supposed to earn(赚得) money by working hard and we shouldn't be too greedy(贪婪的) for wealth.
4．Several journalists(记者) were sent there to cover the accidents.
5．Sue and her sister stay in the same dormitory(寝室)．
6．This kind of job calls for patience as well as determination．
7．Making the right decision concerning the future is probably the most important thing we will ever do in our lives.
8．Only when he apologies for his rudeness will I speak to him again.
9．It took a long time to complete the work，but I'm very pleased with the results.
10．The man aware of having done something wrong felt very sorry.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．determine vt.确定，决定→determined adj.有决心的，坚决的，坚定的→determination n．决心，决定
2．enjoyable adj.使人快乐的→enjoy v．喜欢；享受
3．aware adj.意识到的，知道的→awareness n．意识；明白
4．greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的→greed n．贪心，贪婪
5．rude adj.粗鲁的，无礼的→rudely adv.粗鲁地→rudeness n．粗鲁，无礼
[寻规律、巧记忆]
根据提示补全下列短语
1．be determined to(do) 决定做
2．be concerned about 关心，担心
3．give away 赠送；泄露(秘密)
4．out of work 失业
5．dream up 凭空想出；虚构出
6．turn one's back on/upon 不理睬；背弃
7．be tired of 对……厌烦(指精神上)
8．drop out 退出；退学
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．He disagreed with our plan，that is to say，he turned his back on it.
2．Where did you dream up that idea?
3．The athlete is determined to achieve his goal at the sports meeting.
4．The millionaire gave away everything he possessed and lived a simple life.
5．I don't think it's a good idea to drop out of school；you may get a part­time job. [寻规律、巧记忆]
Ⅴ.
1.But do all millionaires find the happiness that
they thought they would get when they achieve their goals？
但是当他们达到目标后，所有的百万富翁都找到了他们原来以为要得到的幸福了吗？they
thought用
作插入语
你认为谁会赢？
Who do you think will
win？
2.Today he lives in a small dormitory room where there
is only second­hand furniture.
现在他住在一个只有二手家具的小宿舍里。

where引导
定语从句
请你举出一个使用这个单
词的实例好吗？
Will you please give us a
case where the word can be
used？
3.There are certainly no signs that Charles was a rich man！
当然没有任何迹象表明查尔斯曾是一个富人！that引导的
同位语从
句，对前面
的名词起补
充说明的作
用。

莫言被授予诺贝尔奖的消
息使中国人民非常自豪。

The news that Mo Yan was
awarded the Nobel Prize
has made our Chinese
people very proud.
4.Charles believes that many people want to earn a lot of money so that they will not have any worries. 查尔斯相信很多人都盼望着挣一大笔钱以解除烦恼。

so that引
导目的状语
从句，意为
“为的是，
以便”。

他早起锻炼身体，以便能保
持健康。

He gets up early in the
morning to take exercise
so that he can keep
fit/healthy.
5.Charles Gray decided to drop out and has discovered
that having only a little money makes you free.
查尔斯·格雷决定退出，他发现仅有少量的钱财可以使人自由。

make＋宾语
＋宾语补足
语
计算机的应用使更多人能
在家办公。

The use of computers has
made it possible for more
people to work at home.
earn vt.挣得，赚得，得到(名声，地位)；博得(名声，赞誉)
(教材P7)His company makes a lot of money and so he earns a good salary.
他的公司赚了许多钱，因此他赚得一份好薪水。

(1)earn one's/a living/bread(by)
(通过……手段)谋生，维持生计
earn money＝make money 赚钱，挣钱
earn sb.praise/reputation/respect 为某人赢得赞扬/名声/尊敬
(2)earnings n. 工资，收入；利润，收益
①He earns his living by teaching at a language school.
他在一所语言学校教书以维持生计。

[名师点津]
earn作“赚钱；谋生”讲时，后面不使用介词，作“使得到；使赢得”讲时，后可跟双宾语。

[明辨异同]earn/win/get/gain
earn 指经过艰苦努力得到报酬，或因成就、行为等得到(应得的事物)，意为“赚得”。

win 是指因在战斗、比赛、竞争中获胜而得到，或指因努力或坚持而得到。

get 是普通用词，指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。

gain 指做出很大努力而“获得”，所得东西常有一定价值。

如：gain happiness/experience/a prize/several victories等。

此外，gain还可以用来指表走得快(反义词是lose)。

用earn，win，get，gain的适当形式填空
②He earned his bread by writing novels.
③Where did you get that shirt?
④In order to win the important match，he practised harder.
⑤He gained a favourable position last year.
determine vt.确定，决定
(教材P8)A lot of people are determined to become a millionaire. 许多人一心想成为百万富翁。

(1)determine to do sth. 决定做某事
determine on/upon(doing)sth. 决定(做)某事
determine sb.to do sth. 使某人决定做某事
(2)determined adj. 有决心的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
(3)determination n. 决定，决心
他下决心替他的朋友洗清罪名。

②He is determined to study harder than before.
他决心比以前更加努力地学习。

③My mother's encouragement determined me to go(go)on with my study.
我母亲的鼓励使我决心继续我的学业。

④Jane is a determined(determine)person，nothing can stop her from achieving her success.
简是个意志坚定的人，没有什么能阻止她取得成功。

[名师点津]
(1)“决定做某事”的常见表达方式还有：make up one's mind to do sth.；decide to do sth.；make a decision to do sth.
(2)determined为形容词化的过去分词，常作状语，类似的词语还有：(be) lost in，(be) faced with，(be)dressed in，(be)absorbed in，(be)buried in，(be)devoted to等。

(教材P8)But do all millionaires find the happiness that they thought they would get when they achieve their goals?
但是当他们达到目标后，所有的百万富翁都找到了他们原来以为要得到的幸福了吗？
【要点提炼】句中they thought是定语从句中的插入语。

(1)常见作插入语的句子有：do you think，I believe，do you know，what's more，let's say，that is to say等。

它们多位于句末，用以表示客气的语气，或征询别人的看法，也可以表示补充说明。

表示疑问的插入语可位于句中或句末。

(2)插入语如：do you think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect/guess等出现在疑问句中，前后不用逗号隔开。

由于插入语已是疑问句语序，所以其后的部分要用陈述句语序，疑问词放在句首。

我相信他是个诚实的人。

②How soon will he be ready，do you expect?
你希望他多久能准备好？
③Who do you suppose will be sent to work there?
你认为谁将被派到那里工作？
concern vt.使忧虑；与……相关
(教材P8)Some millionaires continue to be concerned about money when they become millionaires.
有些人成了百万富翁后仍然对钱极为在意。

(1)concern sb. 与某人有关；使某人担忧
concern oneself with/in/about sth.
忙于某事，关心某事
(2)concern n. [U]担心，忧虑
[C]关心的事，令人担忧的事
show concern for sb. 关心某人
have no concern for 毫不关心
(3)concerned adj. 关心的；有关的
be concerned about/over/for 关心；担心
(be)concerned with 与……有关
as far as...be concerned 就……来说；依……之见
(4)concerning prep. 关于
①As far as I am concerned，some other plans may work better.
依我之见，一些别的计划可能会更管用。

②He didn't concern himself with the details.
他对细节不感兴趣。

③Her job is something concerned(concern)with computers.
她的工作与电脑有关。

[语境助记]
As far as I am concerned，educators should be concerned about the problem that is concerned with the healthy growth of children and concern themselves with/in educational cause.
依我之见，教育者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题，并使自己从事/参与教育事业。

[名师点津]
当concerned作前置定语时，其意为“担心的，忧虑的”，而作后置定语时，其意为“有关的，涉及的”。

turn one's back on/upon不理睬，不帮忙；脱离，背弃
(教材P8)But there are people who have turned their backs on their millions and found different ways to be happy in their lives.
但是也有人把自己的百万资产置于一边，寻求不同的人生幸福。

turn up 出现，露面；调高(音量等)
turn over 翻转；转交
turn out 结果是；原来是
turn down 调低(音量等)；拒绝
turn to 转向；翻到；求助于
我申请了那份工作，但他们拒绝了我。

②Eventually my watch turned up in a coat pocket.
最终我的手表在一件大衣的口袋里找到了。

③I don't know who I can turn to．
我不知该向谁求助。

(教材P8)There are certainly no signs that Charles was a rich man!
当然没有任何迹象表明查尔斯曾是一个富人！
【要点提炼】这是一个复合句，是由that引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词signs的内容。

that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词如fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility，chance，plan等之后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that本身没有任何意义也不作任何成分，只是起连接词的作用，但不能省略。

①I was shocked at the news that our team won the game.
我们队赢得了比赛的这个消息使我感到非常震惊。

②The question whether we can reduce the cost of the product is still under discussion.
我们能否降低产品的成本这个问题仍在讨论之中。

③I have no idea when he will be back.
我不知道他什么时候回来。

④The news is true that I have passed the driving test.
我通过了驾驶考试的这一消息是真的。

[名师点津]
(1)同位语从句中表“是否”用whether不用if。

(2)特殊疑问词也可以引导同位语从句，从句用陈述语序。

(3)同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被分隔开，从而产生了中心名词与从句被分隔的现象。

pleased adj.高兴的，满意的
(教材P8)He was pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.
他对放弃自己的富人生活方式感到高兴。

(1)be pleased to do sth. 乐意做某事
be pleased with... 对……满意
be pleased at... 对……感到高兴
(2)pleasing adj. 令人满意的
pleasant adj. 使人高兴的
please v. 使满意
pleasure n. 高兴；高兴的事
这个令人兴奋的演出能让所有的人感到开心快乐，不管是小孩儿还是老人。

②He responded that he would be pleased to attend the meeting.
他回答说，他很高兴出席这个会议。

③I was actually quite pleased with myself as you can imagine.
你们可以想象，我确实对自己十分满意。

④We can sometimes mix business with pleasure (please)．
我们有时能把工作和娱乐联系起来。

be tired of对……厌倦/厌烦
(教材P8)He was tired of being a person who had everything in a world where many people had nothing. 他不再想做在许多人一无所有的情况下自己却拥有一切的那种人。

(1)get/become tired of＝be tired of 对……厌倦/厌烦
be/get/become tired with/from 因……而感到疲惫
(2)tiring adj. 令人疲劳的
tire v. (使)疲劳/厌倦
①You may be tired with reading，but you should not be tired of it.
看书可能使你疲劳，但你不应该对看书感到厌烦。

②Tired(tire)from a whole day's work，he still went to the cinema.
虽然一整天的劳作使他疲劳，他仍然去看了电影。

[语境助记]
His tiring lecture tired the students and some of them were so tired that they even fell asleep. 他那令人厌倦的演讲使学生厌倦，他们中的一些人厌倦得甚至睡着了。

give away赠送；泄露(秘密)；颁发；捐赠
(教材P8)He made the choice to give all his money away.
他选择了把自己的钱财全送给别人。

写出下列句中give away的含义
①People give away much more by their gestures than by their words.
泄露②Before the world famous scientist was dying，he decided to give away all his prizes to the charity.
捐赠③The headmaster gave away the prizes to the winners at the sports meeting.
颁发give in(to) 屈服，让步；交上
give up(doing) 放弃；停止，中止
give back 归还，送回；使恢复
give off 放出(气味、光、热等)
give out 分发，散发；放出(热、光等)；用完，耗尽
除你之外，我从来没屈服于任何人。

⑤The government gave out food to people out of work.
政府向失业者分发食品。

aware adj.知道的，意识到的
(教材P8)I was a millionaire，but was aware there were a lot of hungry people in the world.
我曾是一个百万富翁，但意识到世界上还有许许多多忍饥挨饿的人。

(1)be/become aware of sth. 知道……；明白；意识到 be/become aware that... 明白……；意识到…… as far as I'm aware 据我所知
(2)unaware adj . 不知道的；未意识到的；不注意的 be unaware of 没有意识到；未注意到 (3)awareness n .
察觉；觉悟；意识
①I was unaware of the problem. 我没有意识到那个问题。

②Everyone was aware that they were in danger. 每个人都意识到他们处于危险之中。

③There has been an increasing awareness(aware)that environment is important to us. 环境对我们很重要，(人们的)这种意识正日益增长。

(教材P 8)Charles Gray decided to drop out and has discovered that having only a little money makes you free ．
查尔斯·格雷决定退出，他发现仅有少量的钱财可以使人自由。

(1)drop out 退出，退学；不再参加；掉队 drop out of... 从……中退出
drop in ⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧on sb. 顺便拜访某人
at sp. 顺便到访某地
据我所知，他有可能辍学回家照顾他生病的母亲。

②I think I'll drop in on Jill on my way home. 我想我回家时会顺路看望一下吉尔。

(2)【要点提炼】 句中makes you free 是“make＋宾语＋形容词”这一复合结构，形容词在句中作宾语补足语。

“make ＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不带to 的不定式等来充当。

他们让我复述一下这个故事。

④He raised his voice to make himself heard(hear)． 他提高嗓门以便别人能听到他的话。

[名师点津]
(1)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构中不用现在分词充当宾补。

(2)职务名词充当宾补时其前面不要加冠词。

rude adj .粗鲁的，无礼的
(教材P9)He's very rude and he never thinks about other people.
他很不礼貌，从不为别人着想。

奇怪的是举止那么好的绅士竟然对那位老太太无礼。

②It was rude of you to stare (stare) at the foreigner when he passed by just now.
刚才当那个外国人经过时你盯着他看是不礼貌的。

③We were rudely(rude) awakened by the storm.
我们被暴风雨猛然惊醒。

[解构长句难句]
1．They spend half their time dreaming up ways of getting rich，and the rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things they would do once they got rich.
【分析】句子主干结构为They spend time doing sth.，谓语spend后的宾语部分为并列结构。

名词things 后跟定语从句，当先行词前有all等修饰时关系词用that，不用which，故根据all可确定从句中省略了关系词that。

定语从句中使用虚拟语气，表示与将来情况相反的假设，once引导的非真实条件句中谓语用一般过去时。

【翻译】他们用一半时间梦求致富的办法，用另一半时间来考虑一旦阔绰起来要做些什么令人享受的事。

2．But do all millionaires find the happiness that they thought they would get when they achieve their goals?
【分析】句子为复合句。

that they thought they would get when they achieve their goals是定语从句，修饰名词happiness。

从句中they thought为插入语。

when they achieve their goals为时间状语从句。

【翻译】但是当他们达到目标后，所有的百万富翁都找到了他们原来以为要得到的幸福了吗？
[随堂效果落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Many people are concerned(concern)about the pollution of the environment.
2．He determined to go abroad for further study.The determination made us happy.(determine) 3．With the development of people's health awareness，more and more people are aware of the importance of health.(aware)
4．The little boy gave away his hiding place when he coughed.
5．Jones was there but Smith turned his back on him.
6．She has dropped out in the middle of the race.
7．It's a pleasure(please)to meet you.
8．He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them interested(interest)in
his lectures.
9．I regret that I should have spoken so rudely(rude)to you.
10．Word came that at least 60 people were killed in the traffic accident.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．They were made repeat the story.
made后加to 2．Let's drop in at Nick when we're in Bristol，shall we？
at→on 3．The news that he was in trouble was determined me to act at once.
去掉第二个was
4．He earned for all his money with honest sweat.
去掉for 5．Mary gets tired from wearing red dresses.
from→of Ⅲ.完成句子
1．我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文。

Our English teacher often makes us retell the texts．
2．在表格上我打叉的地方签上你的名字。

Sign your name on the form where I've put a cross．
3．我想，她对你的遭遇无动于衷。

She，I think，has no feeling for your trouble.
4．他的实验成功了，这使大家很高兴。

The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.
5．我早起为的是能锻炼一下身体。

I get up early so that I can take some exercise．
[语法专项突破]
不定代词
[自主领悟]
[精要点拨]
一、不定代词概述
1．不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词的代词，具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数、单数和复数之分。

常见的不定代词有all，both，each等，以及含有some­，any­，no­等的复合不定代词，如anybody，something，none。

不定代词在句中作主语、定语、宾语和表语。

All horses are animals，but not all animals are horses.(定语)
所有的马都是动物，但并非所有的动物都是马。

Some went to the cinema，but others went swimming.
一些人去看电影了，但是其他人去游泳了。

(主语)
He did not say anything after that.
从那以后他再也没说什么。

(宾语)
One thousand yuan is too little to buy a house.
一千元对于买一套房子来说太少了。

(表语)
[名师点津]
代词none以及由some，any，no和every构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而no 和every则只用作定语。

2．复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数，不能接of短语；但分开写的some one，any one，every one 可与of连用。

no one不与of连用，但none可与of连用。

Is anyone there?
有人吗？
You may tell any one of us.
你可以告诉我们中的任何人。

None of us has/have been to Beijing so far.
到目前为止，我们中没有一个人去过北京。

No one expects you to be perfect，but we do expect you always to do your best.
没人指望你完美无缺，但我们确实希望你尽力而为。

[名师点津]
(1)none，any other，all，some，both等常见不定代词通常可以代替可数或不可数名词；
(2)much，(a)little等通常代替不可数名词；
(3)one，each，many，another，either，neither，(a)few等常可代替可数名词。

[即时演练1] 用适当的不定代词完成句子
①一些人在唱歌，另外一些人在跳舞。

Some are singing，and others are dancing.
②每一个人都有一本词典。

Each has a dictionary.
③不是你就是他来做这项工作。

Either you or he is to do the work.
二、几组常见不定代词的区别
1．many，much，few，a few，little，a little
我有很多朋友，但是我没有很多钱。

You can't have one toy each.We haven't got many.
你们不能一人一个玩具。

我们没有很多。

Stephen Hawking's theory is so difficult that few people can understand and accept it.
史蒂芬·霍金的理论很深奥，很少有人能理解并接受它。

—Would you like some more coffee?
——你还想喝点咖啡吗？
—Oh，thanks，a little，please.
——好的，谢谢。

请来一点。

[名师点津]
not a little相当于much或quite a little；not a few相当于many或quite a few。

[即时演练2] 选词填空
①Many of the high school students are studying hard to enter Peking University but only a few
of them are lucky enough.
②There is little time left, but we still have much to do.
③There is only a little oil left, but we still have many miles to travel to get there.
2．another，other，the other，others，the others
请再给我十分钟。

He raised one arm and then the other.
他先举起一只胳膊，然后举起另一只。

Some went to the People's Park，but others visited the zoo.
一些人去了人民公园，而另外一些去参观动物园了。

(泛指“另外的人或物”，但不一定是其余的全部) Could you tell the others that I'll be late?
你能告诉其他人我会晚点吗？(特指“全部另外的人或物”)
[名师点津]
another是“an＋other”的意思，所以不和复数名词连用，但是后面附加two，three等数词或是few时就可与复数名词连用，表示“另外的……”。

注意以下短语的语序：
another five plates＝five other plates＝five more plates另外5个碟子
[即时演练3] 选词填空
another，other，the other，others，the others
①Some of the boys in our class are standing and the others are sitting round them.
②He is not free this weekend. Can we make it another day?
③To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing (摩擦) one bare foot against the other．
3．all，none，both，neither，either，each，every
不是所有的科目我都喜欢。

(all表示三者或三者以上都)
I like none of the subjects.
这些科目我都不喜欢。

(none表示三者或三者以上都不)
Both of the plans sound reasonable.
这两个计划听起来都合情合理。

(both表示两者都)
Either of the two plans sounds reasonable.
这两个计划听起来都合情合理。

(either表示两者中任何一个)
Each of her sons gave her presents for Mother's day.
两个儿子每人都给了她母亲节礼物。

(each表示两者或两者以上当中的每一个)
Every student can develop healthily now.
现在每个学生都能健康发展了。

(every表示三者或者三者以上当中的每一个，不可接of短语，不可以单独使用)
[即时演练4] 选词填空
but none is useful to my knowledge.
②Successfully，I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class，which have been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates.
③Neither of the two plans sounds reasonable.
4．it，one，the one，ones，the ones，that，those
——我昨天丢了钢笔，你看见了吗？(it指代我昨天丢的钢笔，为同名同物)
—Look at the one over there.
——看看那边那支。

(the one特指那边那支钢笔)
I want to own a house，one that is not big but very convenient.
我想拥有一座房子，不大但很方便的房子。

(one指代a house，为同名异物，泛指同类当中的某一个)
I do not like scientific books.I like story ones.
我不喜欢科幻书，我喜欢故事书。

(ones指代books，为泛指)
The weather in Beijing is different from that in Guangzhou.
北京的气候不同于广州的气候。

(that代替weather，属于同名异物)
[即时演练5] 选词填空
it，one，the one，that，the ones，those
①The cars of the rich are generally more expensive than those/the ones of the poor.
②There is only one watch of the type in the shop，so I want to buy it for her.
③This book is not so useful as that/the one I bought yesterday.
[应用落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I lost my pen last week so I bought one yesterday.
2．There are some beautiful flowers on both sides of the street in the spring.
3．There are two books on the desk.You can take either/both of them.
4．I phoned my parents yesterday，but neither of them answered.
5．The little boy finished his cake and asked for another.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I wanted some water，but there was nothing in the cup.
nothing→none 2．They produced two reports，but either of them contained any useful suggestions.
eit her→neither 3．The mistakes made by the Chinese students are different from that by the Japanese students.
that→those 4．There are more than 50 students in our class，but only few of them like music.
few前加a 5．The cake is delicious.Can I have other one？
other→another。