国际结算全集合(英文版)

3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
Correspondent banking relationship

Correspondent bank 代理行 the basis for cooperation of commercial banks all over the world to fulfill international settlement “a bank having direct connection or friendly service relations with another bank.” Selecting a correspondent bank: reputation and creditworthiness; size and financial status; location; services offered by it; polices and strength of it
forms of circulation
过户转让（assignment）非流通

特点：书面形式 转让通知原债务人或登记过户 受让人权利受前手缺陷的影响 当事人：转让人、受让人、原始债务人

交付转让(transfer) 准流通或半流通
特点：交付背书转让 不通知原债务人 受让人的权利受前手权利缺陷的影响 当事人：转让人，受让人
to maximize revenues; credit risks associated with financing extended to buyers or sellers
Factors in the payment decision
To exporters: protection against non-payment risks by the importers, such as: commercial risks, financial risks; political risks; risks in control of title to the goods,etc. convenience; cost; commercial competitiveness
safety, high efficiency, low cost, standardization

Electronic settlement
SWIFT CHIPS CHAPS FEDWIRE TARGET
SWIFT(Society for worldwide interbank financial telecommunication)环球同业银行金融电讯协会 特点:标准化;安全可靠,自动加核密押;高速度,低费用. 业务分类:客户汇款(customer transfer);银行头寸调拨 (bank transfer);外汇业务(foreign exchange confirmations);托收业务(collections);证券业务 (securities);贵金属和银团贷款业务(precious metals and syndication);信用证和保函(documentary credits and guarantees);旅行支票(travelers cheques);银行帐单处理 业务(statements).

The establishment of a correspondent bank
Correspondent arrangement Control documents控制文件
Specimen of authorized signatures授权签字样本 Telegraphic test key/SWIFT authentic key密押 Schedule of terms and conditions费率表
International Settlement
Chapter One Introduction


Concept
Category Evolution


Players and theirs roles
Factors in payment decisions Characteristics and developing trend
Players and their roles

Exporter
to get prompt payment; minimize non-payment risks

Importer
to receive goods as ordered; pay as late as possible

Financial intermediary
Documents:
bills of lading,insurance policies, certificates of origin, etc
Category of international settlement

Trade settlement: payments for visible trades Non-trade settlement: 1、invisible trade settlement： payments for services, technology transfer, patents and copyright contracts, etc 2、financial transaction settlement： buying and selling of financial assets, overseas money-raising and investing 3、payments between governments：aids and grants 4、others: overseas remittances, inheritances, etc

流通转让(negotiation) 完全流通
特点：正当受让人权利优于前手，不受其缺陷的影响
举例说明：甲欠乙 100元而出具以乙为债权人的字据 给乙，让其凭字据找丙去取，同时乙原来曾欠丙30元 未还，随后乙将此字据又转让给丁。问丁能否从丙处 获得全额款项？ 如是字据，按民法原则，丙可采取将其对乙的30元债 权转让给丁的办法来冲抵而只需付70 如是票据，按票据法原则，必须全额付款，而不能用 乙的权利缺陷来对抗丁的正当票据权利

Correspondent banking relationship
Meaning of International Settlement
the financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to settle claims and debts,emerged in the course of political ,economic or cultural contacts among them.


Functions of negotiable instruments
Parties to a negotiable instrument Title to a negotiable instrument Negotiable instrument laws
meaning of negotiable instruments



Characteristics and developing trend
1. 2. the scale and scope of international settlement get greater and greater International lending and financing is closely combined with international payments On the basis of international customs and practice International guarantees applied to international settlement More diversified vehicle currencies The proportion of commercial credit in international settlement gets bigger A much facilitated international banking network connected with electronic telecommunication
Chapter two Negotiable instruments

General introduction


Bill of Exchange/Draft
Promissory Note
Check
General introduction

What is a negotiable instrument? Forms of circulation Characteristics of negotiable instruments
1997年8月，某市A公司与新加坡B商签订了一份进口胶合板的合同。合同总金额为 700万美元，支付方式为付款交单，允许分批装运。第一批价值为60万美元的胶合板准 时到货，质量良好，对双方合作很满意。就在第二批交货期来临之际，B商向A公司提 出：鉴于贵公司资金周转困难，为了帮助贵方，我方允许贵公司采取远期付款。 贵公 司作为买方，可以给我方开出一张见票后一年付款700万美元的汇票，请中国人民建设 银行某市分行承兑。承兑后，我方保证将700万美元的胶合板在一年内交货。贵方全部 收货后，再付给我方700万美元的货款。A公司以为现在不付款，只开张远期票据就可 得到货物在国内市场销售，于是欣然接受了B商的建议，给B商签发了一张见票后一年 付款700万美元的汇票。但A公司始料不及的是，B商将这张承兑了的远期票据在新加坡 的美国银行贴现600万美元。从此却一张胶合板都不交给A公司。事实上，B商将这笔巨 款骗到手后便无影无踪了。 一年后，新加坡的美国银行持这张承兑了的远期票据请建行某市分行付款。尽管B 商没有交货，某市分行却不得以此为理由拒绝向善意持票人美国银行支付票据金额。 最后，由于本案金额巨大，报请国务院批准，由建行某市分行付给美国银行600万美元 而结案。
in a broad sense, a negotiable instrument refers to any commercial title ownership.

in a narrow sense, a negotiable instrument is a written document that contains an unconditional promise by the drawer to pay the payee or an unconditional order by the drawer to the drawee to pay the payee a fixed amount of money at a definite time
Negotiable intsruments(票据):
bills of exchange, promissory notes, checks
Payment techniques:
remittances,collections, letters of credit, bank guarantees, international factoring and forfaiting
Characteristics of negotiable instruments

Negotiability
Non-causative Req Nhomakorabeaisite in form Literally determined content

Presenting for payment
案例分析
Evolution of international settlement

From cash settlement to non-cash settlement From goods trading to documents trading From direct payment between traders to payment effected through a financial intermediary