(高中英语2019版)一轮基础步练 Unit 12 Culture Shock(含解析)北师大版必修4(含答案)

Unit 12 Culture Shock
李仕才
【阅读理解】
I was taking the garbage out two nights ago and I recognized a neighbor so I said hi.We started chatting and he began by telling me how his wife passed away in September last year and how they had been together for 63 years.He is now 87.
I was delighted to listen to his stories about when he lived in Poland, the country that he is from,and how he was a skilled worker that got payment only with food and wine.He continued to tell me very interesting facts about crows he had seen on National Geographic《国家地理》,and about how happy he is in this neighborhood where he can walk everywhere and doesn’t even need a car to get around.
We chatted for about 30 minutes and then we began to part ways.On his way back home,he was sure to let me know how I had made his day by chatting with him.He said he’s old and just talks to himself every day.
During the conversation,he told me what unit he lives in,in the building and I was so happy about that! I decided to bake a delicious pie and some peanut butter cookies to share with him,and chat with him some more.In the meantime,I want to ask him if he would like me to visit from time to time.I’m sure he’ll love the company and the human interaction.
So I wanted to share my story,because not only did I make his day,but also he made mine! It was the highlight of my day,and now I can’t wait to surprise him with my food!
1.How did the author’s neighbor begin his talk with him?
A.By telling him how his wife died.
B.By telling him why he left Poland.
C.By telling him what his hobbies were.
D.By telling him how he got along with his children.
2.What made the author overjoyed?
A.His neighbour’s kind characters.
B.His neighbour’s life experiences.
C.His neighbour’s optimistic attitude.
D.His neighbour’s comfortable life style.
3.What do you know about the old man?
A.He has been living a hard and difficult life.
B.He is too old to support himself on his own.
C.It is hard for him to find someone to chat with.
D.No one is interested in his stories except the author.
4.What is the author going to do to further the relationship with his neighbor?
A.Do some housework for him regularly.
B.Make food for him.
C.Bring him out to eat.
D.Invite him to his home.
参考答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.[事实判断题。

根据第一段:We started chatting and he began by telling me how his wife passed away in September last year. ]
2.[推理判断题。

根据第二段的I was delighted to listen to his stories about……可知,老人的生活经历使得作者很高兴。

]
3.[推理判断题。

根据第三段的He said he’s old and just talks to himself
every day可知,平时老人很难找到人倾诉,每天自言自语打发时光。

]
4.[细节理解题。

根据最后一段的now I can’t wait to surprise him with my food可知,作者想亲自为老人制作食品,这自然会加深他们之间的关系。

]
Ⅰ完形填空
Abbaye, a master artist, was ready to retire in 1392.One day，Bartoli, a rich Italian merchant, __1__ him, saying, “Could you __2__ my portrait on my banquet room wall? It’s 20 feet tall.”
“I’m ready to retire，”Abbaye shook his head, “so I’m not __3__．”But seeing the disappointment in Bartoli’s eyes, he __4__ his mind, “Well, there’s a possibility if you can find it in your __5__ to allow me to explore the __6__ of my abilities.Furthermore, already I can see your __7__，so I insist that while I work your portrait stay __8__ even from you！”
“No problem，”Bartoli agreed, though he thought it was __9__，“Anything you wish, but it must look realistic.”
Immediately the master artist __10__ a high curtain in front of the wall, through which Bartoli couldn’t see at all.
A week passed.“How is it coming？”asked the __11__ Bartoli.
“It’s coming quite well.You see, a masterpiece __12__ quite a while at least，”Abbaye answered from behind the __13__．Another three, four weeks passed and __14__ half a year went
by.Bartoli lost his __15__．“Today I must see it！”he shouted.
Stepping from behind the curtain __16__ surprised by such anger, Abbaye said calmly, “That’s fine.”
“You needed only to request it.”And he __17__ aside the 20­foot curtain.
Bartoli stared at the masterpiece and then his mouth __18__ open.He was obviously so angry that his eyes __19__ red.So what was
wrong? Abbaye had drawn to his heart’s __20__ for 20 feet tall.Perhaps Bartoli couldn’t tolerate his abstract expression, which Picasso would have been proud of.
【解题导语】本文为记叙文。

绘画大师Abbaye要退休了，富有的Bartoli 请他将自己的肖像画画在墙上，Abbaye决定发挥自己最大的能力，尽情地在墙上作画。

1．A.sent for B．thought of
C．laughed at D．heard from
A解析：句意：一天，一个富有的意大利商人Bartoli派人去请他……send for派人去请；think of想到；laugh at嘲笑；hear from收到某人的来信。

2．A.fix B．make
C．paint D．repair
C解析：根据空后的my portrait可知，Bartoli请Abbaye将他的肖像画画到(paint)宴会室的墙上。

fix确定；make制作；repair修理。

3．A.possible B．sharp
C．reliable D．available
D解析：根据上文的“I’m ready to retire，”Abbaye shook his head 可知，Abbaye说自己要退休了，没有空。

available“有空的”，符合语境。

possible可能的；sharp尖锐的；reliable可靠的。

4．A.formed B．changed
C．got D．insisted
B解析：根据下文的Well, there’s a possibility可知，他改变了主意(changed his mind)。

form形成；get得到；insist坚持。

5．A.heart B．mind
C．room D．brain
A解析：句意：好吧，如果你发自内心地让我探索自己能力的极限就有可能。

in one’s heart意为“发自内心”，符合语境。

mind思想；room房间；
brain大脑。

6．A.challenges B．limits
C．control D．confidence
B解析：根据下文可知Abbaye随心所欲地创作，是为了探索自己能力的极限(limit)。

challenge挑战；control控制；confidence自信。

7．A.figure B．portrait
C．image D．masterpiece
B解析：根据上文的my portrait on my banquet room wall可知，Abbaye已经看过Bartoli的肖像画(portrait)了。

figure人物，身材；image 画像，雕像；masterpiece杰作。

8．A.safe B．lonely
C．private D．cool
C解析：根据下文的through which Bartoli couldn’t see at all可知，Abbaye要求在画肖像画的时候，甚至Bartoli都不能看。

stay private意为“保持私密性”，符合语境。

safe安全的；lonely孤独的；cool凉爽的，酷的。

9．A.terrible B．common
C．funny D．strange
D解析：根据上文的I insist that while I work your portrait stay ______ even from you可知，Bartoli认为Abbaye的要求有些奇怪(strange)。

terrible 可怕的；common普通的；funny滑稽的。

10．A.brought B．decorated
C．hung D．bought
C解析：根据空后的a high curtain in front of the wall可知，这位绘画大师在墙前面挂(hang)了一个很高的窗帘。

bring带来；decorate装饰；buy 买。

11．A.hopeful B．anxious
C．serious D．careful
A解析：根据上文的A week passed.“How is it coming？”可知，Bartoli 是满怀希望的(hopeful)。

anxious焦虑的；serious严肃的；careful仔细的。

12．A.affords B．spends
C．costs D．takes
D解析：此处是指一件杰作至少要花费(take)很长一段时间。

take花费(时间)，主语为物；afford负担得起；spend花费，度过，主语为人；cost花费(金钱)，主语为物。

13．A.wall B．curtain
C．picture D．ladder
B解析：根据上文的a high curtain in front of the wall可知Abbaye从窗帘(curtain)后面回答。

wall墙；picture图画；ladder梯子。

14．A.in total B．obviously
C．eventually D．above all
C解析：根据空前的Another three, four weeks passed可知最后(eventually)半年过去了。

in total总共；obviously显然地；above all最重要的是。

15．A.money B．mood
C．temper D．taste
C解析：根据下文的surprised by such anger可知，Bartoli发脾气了。

lose one’s temper意为“发脾气”，符合句意。

money钱；mood情绪；taste 鉴赏力。

16．A.as if B．even if
C．now that D．in case
A解析：根据空前的Stepping from behind the curtain可知，Abbaye 好像(as if)被这样的愤怒惊呆了。

even if甚至；now that既然；in case以防。

17．A.set B．pulled
C．left D．stood
B解析：本句句意：他拉开20英尺的窗帘。

set设置；pull拉；leave离开；stand站立。

18．A.felt B．remained
C．kept D．fell
D解析：根据上文的Bartoli stared at the masterpiece可知，Bartoli 变得张口结舌。

fall open意为“变得张口结舌”，符合语境。

feel感觉；remain 仍然是；keep保持。

19．A.changed B．showed
C．found D．turned
D解析：根据上文的He was obviously so angry可知，他的眼睛变红了。

turn red变红。

20．A.content B．confidence
C．power D．design
A解析：此处是指Abbaye把肖像尽情地画了20英尺高。

to one’s heart’s content意为“尽情地，心满意足地”，符合语境。

confidence自信；power力量；design设计。

Ⅱ语法填空
Also 1.____________(know) as “paper paintings”and “painted pictures”，New Year paintings are 2.____________ unique art form in Chinese folk culture.The paintings are called “New Year paintings”because they are 3.____________(most) posted during the Chinese New Year holiday 4.____________ decoration and they are also a symbol of New Year’s greetings.
New Year paintings 5.____________(appear) around the Tang dynasty, replacing the previous door pictures 6.____________(feature) the gods believed to be able to protect the residents and drive away ghosts.In the Song dynasty, New Year paintings were created on a
large scale.With the advancement of printing technology, the content and forms of New Year paintings became 7.____________(diversity)．The development of the paintings matured in the Ming and Qing dynasties, 8.____________ the art hit its heyday(全盛期)．
Traditional printing 9.____________(method) of New Year paintings include woodblock printing, stoneblock printing, offset(胶印) printing, traditional Chinese painting, watercolor painting and sketches etc.Woodblock printed New Year paintings 10.____________(be) the most popular and interesting ones.
【解题导语】本文为说明文，涉及社会文化和习俗话题。

本文主要介绍了中国的传统文化艺术之一——年画的用途、起源和分类，彰显了中国元素。

1．known解析：考查过去分词。

空前无主语，故填非谓语动词。

be known as“作为……而知名”，故填known。

2．a解析：考查冠词。

年画是中国民间文化中的一种独特的艺术形式。

此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词。

unique的发音不是以元音音素开头的，故用a。

3．mostly解析：考查副词。

因为它们通常都在春节期间被张贴，作为装饰画。

修饰谓语动词用副词。

mostly“通常，多半，大部分”。

4．for解析：考查介词。

此处表示目的，故用介词for。

5．appeared解析：考查时态。

年画大约起源于唐代，表示过去发生的动作，故使用一般过去时。

6．featuring解析：考查非谓语动词。

句意：……代替先前的以神为特色的门画。

分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰door pictures。

door pictures 与feature之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故填动词的­ing形式作定语，feature 在此是动词，意为“以……为特色”。

7．diverse/diversified解析：考查词性转换。

在本句的系表结构中，作表语的应是形容词。

diverse“多种多样的”。

也可填diversified“多样化的”。

8．when解析：考查定语从句引导词。

年画在明清时期走向成熟，达到
鼎盛。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。

9．methods解析：考查名词单复数。

从后文可知，年画的制作工艺有很多种，故填method的复数形式。

10．are解析：考查主谓一致和时态。

木版年画最为盛行，也最有趣。

由主语paintings 可知，谓语动词应使用复数。

且此处是对客观情况的陈述，应用一般现在时。

Ⅱ、七选五
The book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It by Deborah Cohen, a senior natural scientist, is very popular now. 1 But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.
1. If you’re obese, blame your genes.
2 Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled —too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible. At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.
2. If you’re obese, you lack self-control.
Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet. 3 Even the most vigilant(警觉的) people may not be good controllers of themselves.
3. 4
Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the ＂food deserts＂, about 65
percent of the nation’s population is obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets.
4. The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don’t exercise.
Michelle Obama’s ＂Let’s Move＂campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease. 5
In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.
A. Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is a cause of obesity.
B. Obesity rates have increased.
C. Fresh fruits and vegetables we choose in a supermarket are related to obesity.
D. But there was no obvious decrease in physical activity levels
as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and 1990s.
E. People hold different views on obesity.
F. People benefit a lot from physical activities.
G. Our world has become so rich in food that we can be led to
consume too much in ways we can’t understand.
【语篇解读】肥胖是现代社会的主要问题之一。

Deborah Cohen 的A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It一书中，作者介绍了人们对肥胖问题的几种误解。

1.E 【解析】根据下句由转折意义的内容＂But according to this
book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or
being overweight.＂（但该书认为下面几点是关于肥胖的几点误解）可
知，人们对肥胖问题观点不一，故E项正确。

2.B 【解析】根据下句内容＂Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the
number of Americans who are obese has doubled —too quickly
for genetic factors to be responsible.＂（然而，在1980年到2000年，美国肥胖的人数就翻了一番。

该速度太快，可见肥胖并非遗传因素所致）
可知，此处表示＂肥胖比例有所增加，故B项正确。

3.G 【解析】根据上句＂Research shows that if we are faced
with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor
choices on diet.＂（研究表明，如果我们面临太多信息，我们很可能会
就节食作出糟糕的选择）可知，该句应表示＂我们现在的食物如此丰富以
致于我们会被引导以自己难以想象的方式去消耗食物＂，故选G项。

5.D 【解析】根据下句＂although a drop in work-related physical
activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure
physical activity appears to have increased.＂（尽管跟工作相关的体
力活动减少导致人们少燃烧多达100卡路里，但休闲体力活动似乎有所增
加）可知，在二十世纪八十年代和九十年代，人们的体力活动并未明显减
少，故选D项。

Ⅲ、短文改错
My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be，however he never fails to show her care and consideration.Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has
happened.I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scold，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health and he also teaches me what to be a good citizen.How luckily I am to have such a good father!
【答案】
My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be，﹨
however he
never fails to show her
his care and consideration.Once I broke a
neighbor
neighbor's window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and
asked me what has
had happened.I could only tell him
a
the truth.Instead of
scold
scolding，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize
to∧and
but
what
how
luckily
lucky。