江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总(可编辑修改word版)

知识要点：江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总
一、冠词The Article
冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。

冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。

a (an) 是不定冠词，a 用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an 用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book 等。

the 是定冠词。

一、不定冠词的用法
1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。

这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。

如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.
2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。

如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.
A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。

3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one 强烈。

如：
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
4、用于某些固定词组中。

如：
a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time 等。

5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。

如：
This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。

It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。

It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。

二、定冠词的用法：
1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。

这是定冠词the 的基本用法。

如：
Beijing is the capital of China.
The pen on the desk is mine.
2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。

如：
Where is the teacher?
Open the window, please.
3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。

如：
There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
The baby was thin.
4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。

如：
the earth, the moon, the sun.
5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。

（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：
He is always the first to come to school.
Bob is the tallest in his class.
6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。

如：
the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party 等。

7、用在一些习惯用语中。

如：
on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way 等。

8、用在江河湖海、ft脉前。

如：
the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas
9、用在报刊、杂志前。

如：
the People’s Daily, the Evening Pape r, the Times 泰晤士报。

10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。

如：
The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。

11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。

如：
the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick 等。

12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。

如：
The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).
三、零冠词（即不用冠词）：
1、专用名词和不可数名词前。

如：
China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science 等。

2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词。

如：
Go down this street.
3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。

如：
We are students.
I like reading stories.
抽象名词： health ， trouble ， work ， pleasure ， honor … 4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。

如：
Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July 等。

Today is New Year’s Day. It is Sunday.
March 8 is Women’s Day.
5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。

如：
What’s the matter, Granny? We elected him monitor.
6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。

如：
at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school,
go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil 等。

7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。

如：
She goes to school after breakfast every morning. We are going to play football. We usually have lunch at school. 8、科目前不加。

如：
We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.
二、名词 Nouns
知识要点：
一、名词的种类：
1、专有名词：
1） China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack （不加冠词）
2） the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States 等。

（由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。

）
2、普通名词： ⎧物质名词： water ， rice ， oil ， paper … 1） 不可数名词⎨
注意：①不可数⎩名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加 a(an)则使之具体化了。

如：have a wonderful time.
②不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

③不可数名词一般无复数形式。

部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。

如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows ……
| | | |
各种各样的鱼 各种报纸 河湖、海水 积雪
④有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。

如：times 时代，works 著作，difficulties 困难 ⑤在表数量时，常用“of ”词组来表示。

如： a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper ….
2） 可数名词：
①可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A birdcaufly. The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.
Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh. ②有复数形式：
a ）规则变化——加“s ”或“es ”（与初中同，略）
b ）不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),
woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen), phenomenon(phenomena)…
注意：c ）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish （同一种鱼）……。

如，
a sheep, two sheep
d ）只用复数形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…
e ）形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics （塑料），means.
f ）形单实复：people (人民，人们），the police, cattle 等
g ）集合名词如：family, public, group, class 等。

当作为整体时，为单数；当作 为整体中
的各个成员时，为复数。

如：
My family is a big one.
My family are music lovers. h ）复合名词变复数时，a ）只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。

如：
sister(s)-in-law 嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)继子；editor (s) -in-chief 总编辑。

b ）如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s ”。

如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中间人 c ）woman, man 作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数一致。

如：a man servant —men servants, a
woman doctor —women doctors
二、名词的所有格：
1、表有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“’s”。

如：Mike’s bag, Chil dren’s D ay, my brother’s room, women’s rights…
注意：1）名词复数的词尾是-s 或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“s”。

如：Teache rs’Day, the workers’ rest- home（工人疗养院），the st udents’ reading-room
2）复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“’s”。

如：her son-in-law’s photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody else’s book（其他任何人的书）
3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“’s”；如果不
是共有，则每个词后都要加“’s”。

如：Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）. Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（不共有）
4）表地点（店铺，某人的家等）的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修饰的名词。

如：
the tailor’s (裁缝铺) the doctor’s (诊所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)
5）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“’s”表所有格。

如：half an hour’s walk (半小时的路程)
China’s agriculture (中国的农业)
2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of 构成词组，表示所有格。

如：the cover of the book
3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。

如：
the story of Dr Norman Bethune
Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?
4、“of 词组+所有格”的用法：
在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those 等）时，常用“of 词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。

如：
a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友。

some inventions of Edison’s 爱迪生的一些发明
those exercise-books of the students’ 学生们的那些练习本。

三、主谓一致Agreement
知识要点：
在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。

如何判定，则要看句子的意思。

多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。

下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情
况作一下解释。

1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：
1）The book is on the table.
2）He is reading English.
3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）
4）How you get there is a problem.
2、复数主语跟复数动词。

如：
Children like to play toys.
3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。

如以here,there 开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。

如：
1）There is a dog near the door.
2）There were no schools in this area before liberation.
3）Here comes the bus.
4）On the wall were two famous paintings.
5）Here is Mr Brown and his children.
4、and 连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。

如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主
语的形式保持一致。

如：
1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.
2）He and my father work in the same factory.
3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.
4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.
5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.
6）Every picture except these two has been sold.
7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.
8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.
9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.
5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and 后面的名词没有冠词。

如：1）
The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.
这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。

2）Bread and butter is their daily food.
面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。

3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.
那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。

（两个人）
6、and 连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a 修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：
1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.
所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。

2）No teacher and no student is absent today.
今天没有老师和学生缺席。

3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.
许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。

7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
1）Each takes a cup of tea.
2）Either is correct.
3）Neither of them likes this picture.
8、由every, some, any, no 构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
1）Is everyone here?
2）Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。

9、关系代词who, that, which 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

如：
1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.
2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out. 3）
He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.
10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。

如：
1）Three years is not a long time.
2）Ten dollars is what he needs.
3）Five hundred miles is a long distance.
11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。

如：1）
The United States is in North America.
2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。

3）“The Arabian Nights”（《天方夜谭》）is an interesting book.
12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience（听众，观众），government 等作主语时，如看作是
一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

如：
1）My family is going to have a long journey.
我家要进行一次长途旅行。

2）My family are fond of music.
我家人都喜欢音乐。

3）The class has won the honour.
这班获得了荣誉。

4）The class were jumping for joy.
全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。

13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest 等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语
动词要根据实际情况而定。

如：
1）All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。

2）All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。

3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。

14、the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。

如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词
则用单数形式。

如：
1）The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。

2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now.
现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。

15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语
一致。

如：
1）Either you or I am going to the movies.
2）Not only you but also he is wrong.
16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
1）Water is a kind of matter.
2）The news at six o’clock is true.
17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle 等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：
1）The police are searching for him.
2）The cattle are grassing (吃草)。

18、population 当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。

如：
were to 1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 2）One third of the population here are workers.
19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“…的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。

1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year. 2）A number of students have gone for an outing.
20、means, politics, physics, plastics 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

四、虚 拟 语 气
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：
1、虚拟条件句。

2、名词性虚拟语气。

3、虚拟语气的其他用语。

一、虚拟条件句：
条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。

1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：
If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should （could, would, 或 might ）＋动词原形，如：
If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now.
2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：
If 主语＋had ＋过去分词，主语＋should （could, would, 或 might ）＋have ＋过去分词，如：
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3I 、f 主条语件＋从句sh 与ou 将ld 来⎫ 事实不一致，句型为：
⎬ ＋do ，主语＋should （could …）＋ 原形 do
过去时（与现在事⎭实条件句一样）。

If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.
注意问题：
1、If 条件句中绝对不可出现“would ”。

2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。

3、在条件句中如果出现 were, had, should 可省去 if ，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
二、名词性虚拟语气：
在表示命令、建议 要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型： 主语＋（should ）＋动词原形，如：
Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o’clock.（宾语从句） We suggested that the meeting should not be held.
It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句） The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句） That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表语从句）
注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would ”“must ”“could ”等。

三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：
1、wish 后的宾语从句：
与现在愿望不一致 主语＋过去时；
与过去愿望不一致 主语＋had ＋过去分词；
与未来愿望不一致 主语＋would （could ）＋原形。

I wish I were you.
I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states. I wish I met you tomorrow at the party.
2、It’s time 句型：当 It’s time 后用 that 从句时应该为：
主语＋should ＋原形 或 主语＋过去时，例如： It’s time that you went to school . 或 It’s time that you should go to school.
3、If only 引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish ＋宾语从句”
If only he could come! 他要能来就好了。

If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。

4、would rather, as if（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
I’d rather yo u had returned the book yesterday.
She loves the children as if they were hers.
Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.
5、without, but, but for, otherwise 引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。

Without you, I would never know him.
But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.
I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.
I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!
五、倒装句
英语的基本句型是主语+ 谓语。

如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。

倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。

一、全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。

全倒装有以下三种
情况:
1、当here, there, out, in, up, down 等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:
There goes the bell! 铃响了！
There lived an old man.
Here comes the bus.
注意:
①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be 动词, 像go, come, mush 等。

②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。

2、方位状语在句首, 如:
In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.
3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装
"What does it mean?" asked the boy 或the boy asked.
二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:
1、否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely,
seldom
Never shall I forget you.
At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.
2、几对并列连词如not only…but also, hardly…when 等连接两个并列句, 连词
在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装:
Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German
citizenship was taken away.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
注意:
①not only…but also 连接两个并列主语时不需倒装, 如:
Not only you but also I like playing chess.
②neither…nor 在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,
Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
3、only 在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only in this way can I learn from my fault.
Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.
注意: only 强调主语不倒装:
Only the teachers can use the room.
4、so…that 句型, so 在句首时, 主句倒装, that 从句不倒装:
So easy is it that a clild can learn it.
So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.
I saw the film, so did he.
1、倒装句（Inversion）
英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。

如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。

一、倒装的类型
二、倒装结构的基本用法
1
2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。

（使句子更加流畅，更加生动）
知识要点：
1、熟悉并掌握并列句的结构和常用的并列词的用法；
2、注意while, when 和for 等作并列连词的用法。

什么叫并列句：
由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。

并列句的基本句型：
（1）yet 和still 是连接副词，也叫半连接词。

它们是副词。

又起连接作用，但不如and, but, or 等强，用了yet 或still，前面还可加and 或but。

He is tired, (but) still he will make another experiment. 他很累，但他仍然要做另一个实验。

I got up very early, (and) yet I failed to catch the first bus. 我起得很早，然而还是没有赶上头班车。

（2）while 意义相当于at the same time 表示相反和对照，常用来连接两个意义对立的分句。

I like football, while my sister likes basketball. 我喜欢足球，而我姐姐喜欢篮球。

when = and then, just then 或at that time, during the time.
We were ready to rush away, when the snake moved. 我们正准备离开，这时蛇移动了。

while
和when 作为并列连词使用时常是放在第二个分句前边，并有逗号和第一分句隔开。

3、
for 表示附加或推断的理由、原因。

therefore 比so 更正式，and so 比较口语化。

七、定语从句
一、定语从句
1.定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择
合适的关联词。

2.定语从句在选择关连词that 与which 时，常常容易出错，所以应记住什么时候只能用that，什么时候只能用which. （1）．只能用that 的情况归纳4 种：即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过；先行词为all 、everything、nothing 等不定代词；先行词同时是人和物并列时；最后先行词分别被the only 、the very the same、the last 修饰。

请看下列四组例句，注意其先行词：
①．The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan .
②．I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that he knew at this lesson .
③．Later my father and Mr.Crosset talked for about half an four of things and persons that they remembered in school.
④．This is the very dictionary that I want to find .
（2）．只用which is 情况有两种情况：一是非限制性定语从句，关连词要用which；二是做介词宾语时只能用which。

请看下列两组例句：
I said nothing , which made him more angry .
I have the book about which you are talking .
三、在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which 和as 是容易混淆的。

在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换：
1、通常As 可以放在整句的句首，而which，只能在逗号之后，as 本身含有“正如”，as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语
As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romantic literature.
She is remarkable, as I have told you .
2、which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如：she has warried again,which surprises us .
四、在定语从句中，许多人往往分不清all that 和what,what 实际上只引导名词性从句，它相当于all that 两个字，例如：
All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.
= what I know is that ……
1、熟悉并掌握各个连接词、关系代词和连接副词的用法。

2、熟悉并掌握复合句即名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句。

什
么叫复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。

在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一
个成分，不能独立。

从句通常是用关联词来引导的。

在这里关联词还起联系从句和主句的作用。

主从复合句（Complex Sentences）
（1）It + be + 形容词+ that 从句
（2）It + be + 名词词组+ that 从句
（3）It + be + 过去分词+ that 从句
（4）It seem, happen 等不及物动词+ that 从句
名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表词从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。

名词性从句的特点：that 、who、whom、what 、whether 及when、where 引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序：
1、主词从句：
That light travels in straight line is known to all .
(That 引导主语从句不可省）
When the plan is to take off hasn’t been
announced ．主语从句通常以it 做形主语出现
It was my fault that I had him play foatball all faternoon.
It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.
2、表语从句，即名词性从句放在表语位置就是表语从句，需要注意的，主语
是reason 时，表语要用that 引导而不是because．
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
3、宾语从句that 常可以省略，并且注意时态呼应，当主句为过去时时，从句
时态一定往前推移，不可出现现在时或现在完成时。

The teacher told us that Tomo had left us for America．
4、同位语从句注意与定语从句区别，同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在
从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如：
The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong．( 同位idea 在从句中
无位置，而从句只是具体说明idea 的内容）。

The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong ．(定语从句，idea 做put forward 的宾语)。

九、状语从句Adverbial Clauses
知识要点：
状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。

根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种。

1、时间状语从句
2、地点状语从句
3、原因状语从句
4、目的状语从句
5、结果状语从句
6、条件状语从句
7、方式状语从句
8、让步状语从句
9、比较状语从句
1
知识要点：一、代词it
强调句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+ that (who) + 其它
三、
一、Greeting（问候）
1、Good morning! (afternoon, evening)
2、Hello! (Hi)
3、How do you do?
4、How are you?
5、How are you getting on with your studies?
6、How's everything with you?
7、Did you have a nice holiday? (summer vacation)
二、Introduction（介绍）
A.Introduction:
1 、This is my friend, Tom..
2、Let me introuduce you to my friend, Tom.
3、May I introduce myself? I'm Tom.
4、Please allow me to introduce my friend, Tom.
5、I'd like you to meet my friend Tom.
B.Responses:
1、How do you do? Pleased to meet you. (Glad to meet you. Nice to meet you.)
2、It's my pleasure to have this chance to meet you.
三、Farewells（告别）
A.Farewells:
1、It's getting late. I must be going.
2、It's five o'clock already. I must be off now.
3、Oh, God, it's late, I've got to go.
4、It's time I was going, I'm afraid.
5、I think I must go now.
6、I think I'd better leave.
7、I'm glad to have met you.
B.Responses:
1、Come again whenever you are free.
2、If you pass my home, drop in.
3、Good night, have a nice dream.
4、Can't you stay a little longer?
5、I hope we'll meet again sometime.
四、Asking and Directing the Way（问路和指路）
A．Asking the way:
1、Can you tell me the way to the post office?
2、Is this the way to the post office?
3、Excuse me, how can I get to the post office?
4、Which is the nearest way to the post office?
5、Is the post office far from here?
6、How long will it take me to get to the post office?
7、Excuse me, is there a post office near here?
8、Excuse me, does this bus go to the post office?
B．Responses:
1、Go ahead till you come to the next crossing.
2、No, it's not far from here. It's only about ten minutes' walk.
3、It's about 200 yards down the street.
4、Take Bus No. 3 and it will take you right there.
5、Go down the street and take the second turning on the left.
五、Asking for Time and Date（询问时间与日期）
A.Asking:
1、What time is it now?
2、What's the time by your watch?
3、What day is it today?
4、What is the date today?
5、Is your watch correct?
B.Responses:
1、It's ten.
2、It's Wednesday.
3、It's October, 8th.
4、My watch says it's 7:30.
5、My watch always keeps good time.
六、Asking about Health（询问健康）
A．Asking:
1、How are you these days?
2、What's wrong with you?
3、Have you seen the doctor?
4、You look tired. What's wrong?
B．Responses:
1、I'm not quite myself today.
2、My stomach hurts.
3、I don't feel like eating anything today.
4、I've got a bad cold.
七、Talking about Weather（谈论天气）
1、It's a fine day, isn't it?
2、What's the temperature today?
3、What's the weather like today?
4、How is the weather?
5、What's the weather going to be like at the weekend?
6、Do you like the weather in Beijing?
7、Do you think that we are going to have snow today?
八、Invitations（邀请）
A．Invitations:
1、Would you like to come to my birthday party?
2、Will you be able to come to my birthday party?
3、I'd be very glad if you would come to my birthday party.
4、Can you fix a time for a picnic?
5、Are you free tomorrow? What (How) about having a picnic?
6、Won't you come with me?
7、You will come to have dinner with me, won't you?
B．Responses:
1、I'd be glad to, thank you.
2、It's very kind of you to invite me.
3、I'd like to, but I'm too busy.
4、Thank you for your kind invitation, I will.
5、I'm afraid not. I will have to look after my sick mother.
6、I'm sorry, I can't. Thank you very much.
九、Making an Appointment（约会）
A．Making an appointment:
1、Are you free this afternoon?
2、How about tomorrow evening?
3、Shall we meet at 7:00 at the gate of the cinema?
4、When will you be able to see us?
5、What time can I call on you?
6、Will you be at home next Sunday?
7、Don't forget to come to my birthday party.
B．Responses:
1、Tomorrow evening will be all right.
2、Yes, I'll be free then.
3、No, I won't be free then, but I'll be free next Wednesday.
十、Making a phone call（打电话）
A.Making a call:
1、Hello, is Mary in?
2、Hello, is that Mary speaking?
3、Can I have your telephone number, please?
4、Hello, may I speak to Mary?
5、Could you ask him to call me, please?
6、Who is it, please?
B.Responses:
1、This is Mary speaking.
2、Hold on please.
3、Mary, you are wanted on the phone.
4、Mary isn't here right now. Can I take a message for you?
十一、Shopping（购物）
A．Shop assistant:
1、What can I do for you?
2、Can (May) I help you?
3、How much do you want?
4、What about this (these)?
B．Customer:
1、I'd like to have a look at the sweater.
2、That's too expensive (dear), I'm afraid.
3、That's fine. I'll take it.
4、How much is it?
十二、Seeing the Doctor（看病）
A.Doctor:
1、What's wrong (the matter) with you?
2、How long have you been like this?
3、Let me examine you.
4、Take this medicine three times a day.
5、Drink plenty of water and take a good rest.
6、It's nothing serious. Take it easy.。