清华大学考博英语模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)

清华大学考博英语模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Writing
Structure and V ocabulary
1．A good deal of the_____for his achievement in this field must go to his supervisor, Professor Fang.
A．credit
B．reputation
C．respect
D．praise
正确答案：A
解析：各项的意思是：credit“荣誉，功劳”；reputation“名誉，名声”；respect “尊重，敬重。

注意”；praise“赞扬，歌颂，称赞”。

空格处的意思是：他在这一领域所获得的很多荣誉。

2．As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to____it.
A．postpone
B．refuse
C．accept
D．cancel
正确答案：D
解析：各项的意思是：postpone“推迟，延迟”；refuse“拒绝，谢绝”；accept “承认，同意，接受”；cancel“取消，删去”。

空格处的意思是：我们不得不取消它。

3．There is a high job mobility among young people as they will_____work one day and find a new job the next.
A．depart
B．reject
C．quit
D．leave
正确答案：C
解析：各项的意思是：depart“离开，启程”；reject“拒绝，丢弃”；quit“放弃，中断”；leave“离开，剩下”。

空格处的意思是：某天辞掉工作，接着找到新的工作。

4．The search for the lost ship must be_____because of poor weather.
A．released
B．resigned
C．abandoned
D．surrendered
正确答案：C
解析：各项的意思是：release“释放，发行”；resign“辞职，放弃，使顺从”；abandon“放弃，抛弃。

遗弃”；surrender“交出，放弃，投降”。

空格处的意思是：因为坏天气的缘故，必须放弃搜索失踪的船只。

5．The car one drives may show his/her_____or social position.
A．curiosity
B．status
C．importance
D．reputation
正确答案：B
解析：各项的意思是：curiosity“新奇的事物，好奇心”；status“身份，地位”；importance“重要性，价值。

傲慢”；reputation“名声，声望”。

空格处的意思是：一个人所开的车可以显示出他(她)的身份和社会地位。

6．_____is the question of using existing resources to produce original and beneficial solutions, ideas or products.
A．Creativity
B．Productivity
C．Application
D．Combination
正确答案：A
解析：各项的意思是：creativity“创造力，创造”；productivity“生产力，生产能力”；application“申请，申请表，应用”；combination“联合，合并，结合”。

空格处的意思是：创造力就是利用现有资源，找出具有独创性的和有益的解决方案，想法或结果。

7．Sometimes artists find it hard for their works to win popular_____.
A．welcome
B．applause
C．appetite
D．appreciation
正确答案：D
解析：各项的意思是：welcome“欢迎”；applause“欢呼，喝彩，赞许”；appetite “食欲，爱好”；appreciation“感激，欣赏”。

空格处的意思是：有时，艺术家们发现他们的作品很难获得大众的欣赏。

8．In the____of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to USD 30 million.
A．face
B．time
C．event
D．course
正确答案：A
解析：各项的意思是：in the face of“面对……”；in time of“在……时期”；in the event of“如果……发生”；inthe course of“在……期间”。

空格处的意思是：面对这个不能成功的项目。

9．Why are some of us good at math, or writing, while others_____at art or basketball?
A．work
B．gaze
C．aim
D．excel
正确答案：D
解析：各项的意思是：work“操作，职业，工作”；gaze“注视，凝视”；aim “打算，瞄准”；excel“优秀，胜过他人”。

空格处的意思是：其他人在艺术或篮球方面胜过他人。

10．The jet quickly____into the sky and soon went out of our view.
A．ascended
B．launched
C．assessed
D．descended
正确答案：A
解析：各项的意思是：ascend“上升，追溯，登高”；launch“发射，使下水”；assess“估定，评估”；descend“下降，屈尊，袭击”。

空格处的意思是：喷气机迅速升人空中，很快在我们的视野中消失了。

11．The Great Wall is a great tourist_____, drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year.
A．attention
B．appointment
C．attraction
D．interest
正确答案：C
解析：各项的意思是：attention“关心，关注，注意”；appointment“约会，指定”；attraction“吸引，吸引人的事物”；interest“重要性，影响，兴趣”。

空格处的意思是：长城是极好的旅游胜地。

12．Disabled people are now able to care for many of their own needs,_____educational goals, and maintain jobs.
A．attempt
B．pursue
C．realize
D．perform
正确答案：B
解析：各项的意思是：attempt“尝试，企图”；pursue“追求，继续，从事”；realize“了解，实现”；perform“执行，表演，演出”。

空格处的意思是：残疾人现在能够满足自己的许多需求，追求教育目标，并争取就业机会。

13．Tom could hardly_____his excitement as he knew that he had made a real discovery.
A．conceal
B．reveal
C．show
D．discover
正确答案：A
解析：各项的意思是：conceal“隐藏，隐瞒”；reveal“展现，显示，揭示”；show“引导，说明，显示”；discover“发现，找到，暴露”。

空格处的意思是：他的兴奋之情无法隐藏。

14．The goals and desires_____widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.
A．swing
B．vary
C．distinguish
D．transfer
正确答案：B
解析：各项的意思是：swing“摇摆，回转，旋转”；vary“变化，不同，有差异(主语多为物)”；distinguish“区别，辨认(主语多为人)”；transfer“调转，调任，转移”。

空格处的意思是：在男女之间，在富人与穷人之间，目标和愿望有很大的不同。

15．The local authorities seemed to_____for the accident taking place last week.
A．share
B．take
C．criticize
D．blame
正确答案：D
解析：各项的意思是：share“均分，共有，分享”；take for“认为，以为”；criticize“批评，责备”；blame“责备，谴责”。

空格处的意思是：应对发生的事故受到谴责。

16．The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a_____impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.
A．long
B．forever
C．lasting
D．lively
正确答案：C
解析：各项的意思是：forever“永远”；lasting“持久的”；long“长期的”；lively“活泼的，逼真的”。

空格处的意思是：留下持久的印记。

17．The full_____of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years.
A．affect
B．impact
C．action
D．importance
正确答案：B
解析：各项的意思是：affect“影响，感动，侵袭”；impact“冲击，影响”；action“作用，战斗，行动”；importance“重要性，价值，傲慢”。

空格处的意思是：在未来几年内将会充分感受到电脑技术变革的影响。

18．The coming of automation is_____to have important social consequences.
A．like
B．frightful
C．bound
D．compelled
正确答案：C
解析：各项的意思是：like“相似的，同样的”；frightful“可怕的，非常的”；bound“有义务的，关联的，被束缚的”；be bound to“一定要……”；compelled “强迫的”。

空格处的意思是：自动化的到来必定会具有重大的社会效益。

19．It is our_____policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.
A．consistent
B．considerate
C．certain
D．decisive
正确答案：A
解析：各项的意思是：consistent“一贯的，始终如一的”；considerate“考虑周到的”；certain“确定的”；decisive“决定性的”。

空格处的意思是：我们一贯的政策。

20．The survey showed that_____numbers of 15-year-olds had already smoked twenty cigarettes a week.
A．essential
B．steady
C．primary
D．substantial
正确答案：D
解析：各项的意思是：essential“本质的”；steady“稳定的”；primary“主要的，初步的”；substantial“大体上，基本上，实质的，坚固的”。

空格处的意思是：调查显示，相当数量的15岁的孩子一周已经要吸20支香烟。

21．Chemistry is closely_____with other studies: physics, biology and so on.
A．corresponded
B．concerned
C．correlated
D．cooperated
正确答案：C
解析：各项的意思是：corresponded“通信，协调”；concerned“参与，干预”；correlated“使相关联”；cooperated“合作，协作”。

空格处的意思是：化学与其他学科紧密相联。

22．The police_____to emergencies in just a few minutes when the accident happened.
A．responded
B．replied
C．adjusted
D．appealed
正确答案：A
解析：各项的意思是：respond(to)“回答，响应，作出反应”；reply“回击，反响，回答”；adjust“调整，使适应于，校准”；appeal”求助，诉请，要求”。

空格处的意思是：对紧急事件做出反应。

23．The destruction of rainforests has been_____as a disaster for the environment.
A．blamed
B．declared
C．condemned
D．appealed
正确答案：C
解析：各项的意思是：blame“责备，谴责”；declare“断言，宣称，宣布”；condemn“谴责，判刑”；appeal“求助，诉请，控诉”。

空格处的意思是：热带雨林的破坏被谴责为环境灾难。

24．Shy people never_____set out to attract attention of other people.
A．willingly
B．voluntarily
C．decidedly
D．deliberately
正确答案：B
解析：各项的意思是：willingly“自动地，欣然地”；voluntarily“自动地，以自由意志”；decidedly“果断地，断然地”；deliberately“故意地”。

空格处的意思是：害羞的人从来不会主动吸引人的注意。

25．Because of a recent obstacle in production, sales have dropped and accordingly profits have_____.
A．declined
B．increased
C．broken
D．maintained
正确答案：A
解析：各项的意思是：decline“下降，下垂”；increase“增加，加大”；break “折断，削弱，打破”；maintain“保持，供养，主张”。

空格处的意思是：销售下降了，并且利润也下降了。

26．There has been an increase in attendance at lectures_____ by the World Affairs Council, which brings international issues to public attention.
A．developed
B．sponsored
C．advanced
D．promoted
正确答案：B
解析：各项的意思是：develop“发达，发扬，发展”；sponsor“发起，主办”；
advance“前进，提前”；promote“促进，提升”。

空格处的意思是：由世界事务委员会主办的讲座。

27．It is not too late, but_____action is needed.
A．fight
B．urgent
C．hurry
D．prompt
正确答案：D
解析：各项的意思是：right“对的，恰当的”；urgent“急迫的，紧急的”；hurry“匆忙，仓促”；prompt“迅速的，及时的”。

空格处的意思是：现在还为时不晚，但迅速采取行动是必要的。

28．His desire to_____other people has caused trouble in his family.
A．please
B．dominate
C．force
D．urge
正确答案：B
解析：各项的意思是：please“使满足，取悦”；dominate“支配，占优势”；force“促使，推动，强迫”；urge“催促，力劝”。

空格处的意思是：他想支配其他人的愿望已经在他的家庭引发了麻烦。

29．Concerned people want to_____the risk of developing cancer.
A．take
B．decrease
C．minimize
D．claimed
正确答案：C
解析：各项的意思是：take the risk of doing sth．“冒险做……”；decrease“宣布，断言”；minimize“减到最少”；claimed“声称，主张”。

空格处的意思是：有关人士希望尽量减少患癌症的风险。

30．The badly wounded soldiers take_____for medical treatment over those only slightly hurt.
A．priority
B．measures
C．chance
D．responsibility
正确答案：A
解析：各项的意思是：priority“优先，优先权”；measures“尺寸，措施”；chance“机会，偶然性”；responsibility“责任，可靠性”。

空格处的意思是：那些受伤严重的士兵应该优先受到治疗。

31．It is still not clear what_____a series of argument between them.
A．contributed
B．marked
C．ignited
D．triggered
正确答案：D
解析：各项的意思是：contribute“捐献，贡献，投稿”；mark“标记，打分数，标志”；ignite“点火，使激动”；trigger“引发，触发”。

空格处的意思是：目前还不清楚是什么引发了他们之间的一系列争论。

32．In order to survive now and_____in the future, all the working staff must constantly create new ideas for every aspect of your business.
A．maximize
B．thrive
C．measures
D．remain
正确答案：B
解析：各项的意思是：maximize“取……最大值，最大化”；thrive“茁壮成长，兴旺”；measures“测量，权衡”；remain“保持，剩余”。

空格处的意思是：为了现在的生存和将来的繁荣。

33．Man may destroy the balance of nature, but from time to time, nature takes a terrible
A．attack
B．threat
C．lesson
D．revenge
正确答案：D
解析：各项的意思是：attack“抨击，攻击”；threat“恐吓，凶兆，威胁”；lesson“课程，教训”；revenge“报仇，报复”。

空格处的意思是：大自然进行了可怕的报复。

34．She_____the high unemployment figures as evidence of the failure of the government policy.
A．cited
B．recited
C．listed
D．lifted
正确答案：A
解析：各项的意思是：cite“引证，提名表扬”；recite“背诵，朗读”；list “记人名单内，列出”；lift“提高，举起，空运”。

空格处的意思是：她引用了高失业率来作为证明政府政策失误的证据。

35．Since Japan_____importance to education and technological innovation, its economy has developed at a high speed.
A．relates
B．applies
C．attaches
D．connects
正确答案：C
解析：各项的意思是：relate“叙述，讲，使联系”；apply“申请，应用”；attach“使依附，使附属”；attach importance to“重视”；connect“连接，联合，关连”。

空格处的意思是：自从日本重视教育和科技改革以来。

36．This policy gave_____to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor.
A．life
B．birth
C．way
D．death
正确答案：C
解析：各项的意思是：life“生命，生活，一生”；birth“出生，产生，出身”；way“路线，路途”；give way to“让步，承认”；death“毁灭，屠杀”；give birth to“产生”。

空格处的意思是：这项政策让位于私人财产，并导致贫富之间的差异。

37．Humans should not develop their economy at the_____of the ecological environment.
A．destruction
B．pollution
C．expense
D．mercy
正确答案：C
解析：各项的意思是：destruction“破坏，毁灭”；pollution“染，玷污”；expense “代价，损失，开支”；at the expense of“在损害……情况下，以……为代价”；mercy“仁慈，宽恕，怜悯”；at the mercy of“受……的支配”。

空格处的意思是：在损害生态环境的情况下。

38．We must try to_____the best of our moral values for our children and grand-children.
A．replace
B．remain
C．generate
D．preserve
正确答案：D
解析：各项的意思是：preserve“保存，保藏”；replace“替换”；remain“保持，遗留”；generate“产生”。

空格处的意思是：我们必须努力把我们道德价值中的精华保存下来，传给子孙后代。

39．Proper clothes____for much in business. That’s why you see most business people dress formally.
A．count
B．account
C．allow
D．Care
正确答案：A
解析：各项的意思是：count for“价值”；count for much“关系重大”；account for“解释，说明”；allow for“顾及，考虑”；care for“照顾，关心”。

空格处的意思是：适宜的服装在商业中关系重大。

40．He was seriously injured in a car accident, which was____to faulty brakes.
A．attributed
B．contributed
C．blamed
D．applied
正确答案：A
解析：各项的意思是：attribute“把……归于，认为……属于”；attribute to “归因于……”；contribute“有助于，捐助，投稿”；blame“责备，归咎于”；apply “申请，应用”。

空格处的意思是：他在车祸中严重受伤，这是由于刹车故障。

Reading Comprehension
To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago,most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods,and then relied on “Persuasive salesmanship”to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing,on the other hand,focuses on the wants of
consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the consumer approach is known as the marketing concept,which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale,the makers and dealers first try to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it according to consumer demand. This concept does not imply that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business activity—the firm and the customer, each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producer and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers,however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding customers,this concept has been recognized in such slogans as”Have It Your Way.”And”You’re the Boss. “A good example of the importance of satisfying the consumer presented itself in mid 1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed a-longside the new. King Customer ruled!
41．A good knowledge of the difference between marketing and selling leads to_____.
A．the efficient production of goods
B．a perfect command of salesmanship
C．a basic command of the marketing concept
D．the conversion of goods into money
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

解题点在第一段第一句。

文章提到“To understand the marketing concept，it is only nec—essary to understand the difference between marketing and selling．”所以正确答案是C选项。

42．Not too long ago, industries focused on_____.
A．producing and selling goods
B．the needs and wants of customers
C．the selling of new products
D．moving goods to the market
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。

解题点在第一段第二句。

文章提到“most industries concentrated primarily on the efficientproduction of goods，and then relied on“Persuasive salesmanship”to move as much of these goods aspossible．”所以企业关注的是“production of goods和Persuasive salesmanship”。

因此正确答案是A选项。

43．The very core of marketing lies in_____.
A．all understanding of consumer needs
B．the efficient movement of goods
C．developing new wants for consumer goods
D．making goods readily available to customers
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。

解题点在第二段第一句。

根据原文“Marketing，on the other hand，focuses on the wants ofconsumers．”可知营销的核心是满足顾客的需求，与A项答案一直，所以正确答案是A选项。

44．A successful business deal can take place only when_____.
A．the customer is satisfied at the expense of the company
B．a company makes a big profit
C．consumer satisfaction and company profit are given equal importance
D．priority is given to the requirements of the customer
正确答案：C
解析：推理题。

解题点在第三段第二句。

即“There are always two sides to every business activity—thefirm and the customer and，each must be satisfied before trade occurs．”意思是只有顾客和厂家都满意的情况下，交易才能进行。

C选项的意思是顾客满意和公司盈利同样重要。

由第一句知，公司满意主要指的是获得利润。

因此，正确答案是C选项。

45．The last sentence of the passage suggests that____.
A．the consumer should be allowed to do things his own way
B．the consumer should be treated like a king
C．the consumer should have the final say in the selling of any product
D．the consumer should be advised on what to buy
正确答案：C
解析：推理题。

解题点在文章的最后一句。

最后一句的意思是客户是上帝，进一步就是，厂家生产的产品是否受欢迎最终是由顾客说的算。

选项C的意思是顾客对产品有最终的决定权，与最后一句话暗含的意思是一致的。

The biosphere is the name biologists give to the sort of skin on the surface of this planet that is inhabitable by living organisms. Most land creatures occupy only the interface between the atmosphere and the land;birds extend their range for a few hundred feet into the atmosphere;burrowing invertebrates (无脊椎动物) such as earthworms may reach a few yards into the soil but rarely penetrate farther unless, it has been recently disturbed by men. Fish cover a wider range,from just beneath the surface of the sea to those depths of greater than a mile inhabited by specialized creatures. Fungi (真菌) and bacteria are plentiful in the atmosphere to a height of about half a mile,blown there by winds from the lower air. Balloon exploration of the stratosphere (同温层) as long ago as 1936 indicated that moulds and bacteria could be found at heights of several miles,recently the USA’s National Aeronautics and Space
Administration has detected them,in decreasing numbers,at heights up to eighteen miles. They arc pretty sparse at such levels, about one for every two thousand cubic feet, compared with 50 to 100 per cubic foot at two to six miles (the usual altitude of jet aircraft),and they are almost certainly in an inactive state. Marine bacteria have been detected at the bottom of the deep Pacific trench,sometimes as deep as seven miles; they are certainly not inactive. Living microbes have also been obtained on land from cores of rock drilled (while prospecting for oil) at depths of as much as 1,200 feet. Thus we can say, disregarding the exploits of astronauts, that the biosphere has a maximum thickness of about twenty-five miles. Active living processes occur only within a compass of about seven miles,in the sea, on land and in the lower atmosphere, but the majority of living creatures live within a zone of a hundred feet or so. If this planet Were sealed down to the size of an orange,the biosphere,at its extreme width,would occupy the thickness of the orange-colored skin,excluding the pith. In this tiny zone of our planet takes place the multitude of chemical and biological activities that we call life. The way in which living creatures interact with each other, depend on each other or compete with each other, has fascinated thinkers since the beginning of recorded history. Living things exist in a fine balance which is often taken for granted, from a practical point of view, things could not be otherwise. Yet it is a source of continual amazement to scientists because of its intricacy and delicacy. The balance of nature is obvious most often when it is disturbed. Yet even here it can seem remarkable how quickly it readjusts itself to a new balance after a disturbance. The science of ecology—the study of the interaction of organisms with their environment—has grown up to deal with the minutiae of the balance of nature.
46．According to the passage,the”biosphere”is the layer on the earth’s surface_____.
A．where the atmosphere meets the sea
B．in which birds, fish and animals would die
C．in which plant and animal life can exist
D．in which earthworms and other invertebrates can live
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

解题点在第一段。

第一句提到“The biosphere is the name biologists give to the sort of skinon the surface of this planet that is inhabitable by living organisms．”可见生物圈指的是living organisms居住的地方，这个C项中的plant and animal life是一个意思，所以正确答案是C选项。

其余选项都缩小了living organisms概念的内涵，因而是错误的。

47．The writer states that fungi and bacteria_____.
A．are only found below the normal altitude of jet planes
B．have been found well at the normal altitude of jet planes
C．are not found below the surface of the earth
D．are mainly found below the surface of the earth
正确答案：D
解析：推理题。

解题点在第一段。

文章中心提到“Fungi(真菌)and bacteria are plentiful in the atmosphereto a height of about half a mile…，”说的是细菌和真菌主要在半英里高的大气层范围内，由后面的内容知道，在喷气式飞机的高度及更高至18英里的范围内仍有霉菌和细菌的存在。

所以答案是D选项。

48．The passage says that the biosphere_____.
A．extends only 1,200 feet below the earth’s surface
B．is about seven miles in width
C．is as much as twenty-five miles in thickness
D．is a zone only about one hundred feet wide
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

解题点在第一段。

文中提到“Thus we can say，disregarding the exploits of astronauts，thatthe biosphere has a maximum thickness of about twenty-five miles.”可知生物圈的厚度约为25英里，本句的意思与C选项的意思一样，所以正确答案是C选项。

49．According to the text, the balance of nature is____.
A．something which we should not take for granted
B．most frequently apparent when it is upset
C．only now becoming of interest to scientists
D．very difficult to preserve
正确答案：A
解析：推理题。

解题点在第二段。

文中提到“Living things exist in a fine balance which is often taken forgranted…，”以及后面的生物圈经常因为其复杂和精妙给科学家带来惊奇，可知生物圈的平衡不是理所当然的，就是A项中something which we should not take for granted的意思，所以正确答案是A选项。

50．The writer says that ecology is primarily concerned with the_____.
A．freer details of the balance of nature
B．role of organisms in the environment
C．way living creatures compete with each other
D．way nature readjusts to a new balance
正确答案：A
解析：推理题。

解题点在文章最后一句。

文章提到“The science of ecology--the study of the interactionof organisms with their environment--has grown up to deal with the minutiae of the balance of nature．”可知生态学是研究生物之间相互作用的学科，处理的是生态平衡的细节，所以正确答案是A选项。

As children get older, self-discipline should take the place of imposed
discipline. Constrains become internalized and children begin to weigh from within the validity of their promptings(敦促). But their tendency to be self-critical,to develop a code of their own,depends on the extent to which they must have kept critical company. The dialogue within reflects the dialogue without that is why discussion is so important during adolescence. Those in authority over children will,therefore,attempt to get children to do what is sensible by appealing to their common sense instead of ordering them around or appealing to their own status. They will not say,”I’m your father arid I’m telling you not to smoke,”but will point out the dangers involved. It is a further question,however, whether a child’s acceptance of good reasons should be the criterion for his action. If a parent explains to a child why it is stupid and wrong to put objects on railway lines,and yet sees him doing so,will he stand aside and reflect that the boy is learning to choose? Parents must weigh their own fundamental principles against what is instructive for their children. Example,of course,is crucial. Parents and others must provide a pattern out of which the child can eventually develop his own style of self-regulation. This is not likely to happen unless exercise of authority is rationalized and sensitively adapted to age,to persons,and to the tasks in hand. For the young will tightly rebel against the irrational expression of a traditional status. In brief, teachers and parents must learn to be in authority without being authoritarian.
51．When children get older,____.
A．they begin to consider everything carefully with their own standard
B．serf-discipline becomes a conscious or unconscious part of themselves
C．they tend to rebel against senseless expression of authority
D．all of the above
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。

本题的解题点在遍布文章。

文章第一段提到“self-discipline should take the place of imposed discipline，children begin to weigh from within the validity of their promptings”以及第二段中的“For the young will tightly rebel against the irrational expression of a traditional statust”。

分别对应的是选项A、B、C的意思。

所以正确答案是D选项。

52．The sentence “their tendency to be serf-critical...depends on the extent to which they must have kept critical company”could be best interpreted as_____.
A．the outside world can exert great influence on the development of children B．children are willing to follow teacher’s instruction
C．both teachers and parents should exercise authority
D．teachers and parents should have talks with children regularly
正确答案：A
解析：推理题。

根据文章内容可知，孩子的自律的形成受外界的影响很大，所以正确答案是A选项。

53．Which of the following is implied but NOT mentioned?
A．Discussion with children is important when they get older.
B．Parents and others should set examples for children to follow.
C．As children get older imposed discipline becomes a part of themselves.
D．When children are not older, they should be forced to accept some training which develops self-control.
正确答案：D
解析：内容理解题。

问的是哪个选项的内容是文章暗含却未提及的。

根据原文中的“discussion is so important during adolescence”知A项提及了；由“Parents and others must provide a pattern”知B项也提及到了；由“self-discipline should take the place of imposed discipline”知C项在文章中也提及，所以正确答案是D选项。

54．The author’s style of this passage can best be described as____.
A．ironic
B．formal
C．informal
D．reserved
正确答案：D
解析：文章写作风格题。

从文章中的“As children get older，self-discipline should take the place ofimposed discipline．以及will he stand aside and reflect that the boy is learning to choose?”等等句子不难看出，整体风格相当含蓄保留，故正确的答案为D选项。

55．The title below that best expresses the idea of this passage is_____.
A．Self-discipline or Imposed Discipline
B．How to Educate Children
C．Authority Not Authoritarian
D．Example of Parents Is Crucial to Children
正确答案：C
解析：文章题目确定题。

从文章的最后一句“In brief，teachers and parents must learn to be in authority without being authoritarian”中，不难发现文章的中心思想是家长应该管，但不应专制。

故正确的答案为C选项。

There has been a lot of hand-wringing over the death of Elizabeth Steinberg. Without blaming anyone in particular, neighbors, friends,social workers,the police and newspaper editors have struggled to define the community’s responsibility to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As the collective soul-searching continues,there is a pervading sense that the system failed her. The fact is,in New York State the system couldn’t have saved her. It is almost impossible to protect a child from violent parents,especially if they are white,middle-class,well-educated and
represented by counsel. Why does the state permit violence against Children? There are a number of reasons. First,parental privilege is a rationalization. In the past,the law Was giving its approval to the biblical injunction against sparing the rod. Second,while everyone agrees that the state must act to remove children from their homes when there is danger of serious physical or emotional harm,many child advocates believe that state intervention in the absence of serious injury is more harmful than helpful. Third, courts and legislatures tread carefully when their actions intrude or threaten to intrude on a relationship protected by the Constitution. In 1923, the Supreme Court recognized the “liberty of parent and guardian to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control. “More recently,in 1977,it upheld the teacher’s privilege to use corporal punishment against schoolchildren. Read together, these decisions give the constitutional imprimatur to parental use of physical force. Under the best conditions,small children depend utterly on their parents for survival. Under the worst, their dependency dooms them. While it is questionable whether anyone or anything could have saved Elizabeth Steinberg, it is plain that the law provided no protection. To the contrary, by justifying the use of physical force against children as an acceptable method of education and control,the law lent a measure of plausibility and legitimacy to her parents’ conduct. More than 80 years ago, in the teeth of parental resistance and Supreme Court doctrine,the New York State Legislature acted to eliminate child labor law. Now, the state must act to eliminate child abuse by banning corporal punishment. To break the vicious cycle of violence, nothing less will answer. If there is a lesson to be drawn from the death of Elizabeth Steinberg, it is this:spare the rod and spare the child.
56．The New York State law seems to provide least protection of a child from violent parents of_____.
A．a family on welfare
B．a poor uneducated family
C．an educated black family
D．a middle-class white family
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。

根据第二段的最后一句“…，especially if they are white，middle-class，well-educated andrepresented by counsel．”可知，答案为D。

57．“Sparing the rod”(黑体部分)means_____.
A．spoiling children
B．punishing children
C．not caring about children
D．not beating children
正确答案：D
解析：词汇理解题。

“sparing the rod”出现在第三段的末尾，通过“against”
一词可知，“law”反对“sparingthe rod”。

而第一句表明，“law”不阻止暴力，这表明“sparing the rod”意思等同于非暴力，四个选项中，D选项正是此意。

故正确答案为D。

58．Corporal punishment against schoolchildren is_____.
A．taken as illegal in the New York State
B．considered being in the teacher’s province
C．officially approved by law
D．disapproved by school teachers
正确答案：B
解析：细节题。

根据第四段的倒数第二句“In 1977，it upheld the teacher’s privilege to use corporalpunishment against schoolchildren．”分析可知，“Corporal punishment against schoolchildren”是老师的特权，即正确答案为B。

59．From the article we can infer that Elizabeth Steinberg is probably the victim of____.
A．teachers’ corporal punishment
B．misjudgment of the court
C．parents’ ill-treatment
D．street violence
正确答案：C
解析：推理题。

在第二段中，“It is almost impossible to protect a child from violent parents．”，而Eliza—beth Steinberg正是“a child”中的一员。

由此可知，Elizabeth Steinberg是父母虐待的受害者。

故正确答案为C。

60．The writer of this article thinks that banning corporal punishment will in the long run_____.
A．prevent violence of adults
B．save more children
C．protect children from ill-treatment
D．better the system
正确答案：A
解析：主题型题。

最后一段第二句“the state must act to eliminate child abuse by banning corporalpunishment”告诉我们，“banning corporal punishment”即时的效果是“eliminate child abuse”，或称“protect children from ill-treatment”，但从长远来看，它的作用还是在于“break the vicious cycle of violence”，而“violence”正是来源于成人。

故正确答案为A。

Cloze
Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxed classroom environment is。