高考英语长难句的分类及分析方法策略

高考英语长难句的分类及分析方法策略
01
长难句的分类
1、带有较多成分的简单句。

Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used.
2、含有多个简单句的并列句。

In the 1970s, he was a surgeon at Yale，and had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.
3、含有多个从句的复合句。

I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.
4.含有插入语的句子
His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience of living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
5、倒装句。

Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.
长难句-----结构分析法
阅读理解得分低，往往是因为文章看不懂，文章中的句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。

句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。

下面我们来谈谈英语阅读长难句的处理方法。

分析长难句的方法策略之一就是结构分析法。

所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。

首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子附属成分。

01
较复杂单句的处理方法——找主、谓语，即找主干成分
However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.
02
并列句的处理方法—— 找并列连词
Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted.
03
主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词
Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say that he didn’t know that his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he
appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.
04
并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句
If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.
02
长难句分析练习
1.It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.
2.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat ，dog or snake!
3.The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that it brings parents and children closer together.
4.It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.
5.It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the door before the animal reached it.
6. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.
7. Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
8. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space.
9.Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
10. Before 1066, in the land（that）we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.
长难句的修饰成分"三长两短"
"三长"：介词短语、从句、非谓语动词短语"两短"：形容词、副词
一平行："平行并列结构"：and、or、as well as等
03
长难句分析练习
[2021·银川市普通高中学科教学质量检测]
With bush fire continuing to swallow different parts of Australia， a local zoo in New South Wales, the state which is the easiest to catch fire has hit the headlines with a heartwarming story.
[2020·绵阳市高中第三次诊断性考试]
An elderly woman has broken down in tears inside a Coles supermarket after arriving in the canned food aisle to empty 1. (shelf), with all products taken by “selfish” panic buyers.
A heartbreaking image of the woman, 2. (take) inside the Port Melbourne supermarket at midday on Thursday and shared on the social media by Nine News reporter Seb Costello, started an out pouring of
feelings from the public, with many 3. (express)their willingness to help the lady and others currently suffering.
[2020·昆明市高三“三诊一模”摸底诊断测试]
To make sure that the plastic 6. (recycle)， the Plastic Bank works with partners,who agree
7. (use) the plastic that is collected. When customers buy these products, which are labeled“Social Plastic”， they know that they are both helping people in other parts of the world 8. keeping plastic out of the ocean. So far, the Plastic Bank 9. (keep) about7 million pounds of plastic out of the ocean. It makes a great 10. (contribute) to the ocean.。