英语四级翻译模拟题13
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英语四级翻译模拟题13
(十一)中国灯笼
灯笼(lantern)是中国传统的手工艺工(handicraft),是中国的象征。
它源于汉代(the Han Dynasty),在唐宋时期(the Tang and Song Dynasties)最为繁盛。
起初,人们在门口悬挂灯笼只是用来辟邪。
后来在节假日时也悬挂灯笼以增添喜庆的气氛。
灯笼的样式很多,除了圆形和方形外,还有花、鸟、鱼的形状,通常以纸和丝绸为主要制作原料。
每年的元宵节(the Lantern Festival),全国各地的人们制作出漂亮的灯笼来欢庆节日。
参考答案:
Lantern, a symbol of China, is a Chinese traditional handicraft. It came in to being in the Han Dynasty, and its popularity peaked in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Originally, people hang the lanterns in front of their doors only to drive away evil spirits. Later, lanterns are also hung on holidays and festivals to add joyous atmosphere. The designs of lanterns are various. Apart from round and square, the lanterns can be shaped into flowers, birds, and fish, and they are mainly made of paper and silk. On Lantern Festivals, people all over the country make beautiful lanterns to celebrate the festival.答题解析:
1.第1句中的“是中国的象征”可处理为“灯笼”的同位语,以插入语的形式译出,表达为Lantern, a symbol of China, is a Chinese...,使译文的逻辑性更强。
2.第2句“它源于汉代,在唐宋时期最为繁盛”可译为and连接的并列句it came into being in...and peaked...。
注意后半句的逻辑主语转译为“灯笼的受欢迎程度”(popularity)会更贴切,“程度”是范畴词,可省译。
3.第5句有4个分句,各分句意思较独立完整,故宜将其拆分翻译。
第1个分句“灯笼的样式很多”总起,译为一句。
第2、3个分句讲述灯笼的形状,为一个意群,第4个分句讲述原料,为另一个意群,这3个分句可合译为一句,用and连接。
4.最后一句中的修饰“人们”的定语“全国各地的”可表达为all over the country。
“来欢庆节日”表目的,故将其处理为目的状语,用不定式短语to celebrate the festival来表达。
(十二)中国扇子
中国有着悠久的扇子文化。
最早的扇子出现在3000年前,由羽毛制成。
如今,扇子的制作材料已变得多样化,最常用的是纸和真丝。
扇子的用途很广泛,除了能使人凉快之外,还可用于舞蹈、装饰等。
在中国文化里。
与其说扇子是个工具,不如说它是一个艺术品。
扇面上的书法(calligraphy)、绘画和诗歌为扇子增添了艺术价值,使扇子为历代收藏家所珍爱。
参考答案:
China has a long history of fan culture. The first fan came into being 3,000 years ago and was made of bird feathers. Nowadays, there are various materials for fan making, among which paper and silk are the most
commonly used. Fans are used widely. Apart from cooling people, they can also be used for dance, decoration and so on. In Chinese culture, a fan is a work of art rather than a tool. The calligraphy, paintings or poems on both sides of the fans add artistic values to them, making them the treasures of many collectors.
答题解析:
1.第2句讲述的是扇子的历史,是过去的情况,故应该用一般过去时。
2.第3句中的“最常用的是纸和真丝”实际上指“最常用的材料是纸和真丝”,故该部分处理为用among which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰前一分句中提到的“材料”(materials),表达为among which paper and silk are the most commonly used。
3.第5句中的“与其说扇子是个工具,不如说它是一个艺术品”可采用rather than(与其……不如……)结构来表达。
此处是“工具”(a tool)“艺术品”(a work of art)的比较,故表达为fan is a work of art rather than a tool。
4.最后一句中的“使扇子为历代收藏家所珍爱”表结果,故将其处理为状语,用现在分词短语making them the treasures of many collectors 来表达。
(十三)中国茶文化
中国的茶文化可以追溯到周期(the Zhou Dynasty),约有4000年的历史。
“一日三餐茶饭”成为中国人的一种日常习惯。
有客人来访时,
通常递上的也是一杯茶。
饮茶在中国既是一种艺术也是一门学问。
在中国的许多地方,沏茶的方法很复杂。
中国茶叶以独特的色、香、味、形而闻名于世。
在中国各种茶叶中,最著名的是绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶(oolong tea)和花茶(scented tea)。
参考答案:
With a history of 4,000 years, tea culture in China can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty. It is a daily habit for the Chinese to have meals and drink tea three times a day. When guests come, it is often a cup of tea that the host serves. Tea-drinking is both an art and learning in China. In many places of China, the way of malting tea is very complicated. Chinese tea leaf is famous throughout the world for its unique color, fragrance, taste and appearance. Among the various kinds of Chinese tea, the most famous are green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and scented tea.
答题解析:
1.第1句中的“可以追溯到周朝”和“约有4000年的历史”可用并列结构Tea culture in China has a history...and can be traced back...。
但不如将后半句处理成状语,用介词短语with a history of 4,000 years译出,使译文主次分明,层次感强。
2.翻译第2句“‘一日三餐茶饭’成为……”时,可套用句型it is n. (for sb.) to do sth.,表达为It is a daily habit for the Chinese to have...。
“一日三餐茶饭”应该理解为“每天吃三顿饭和喝三次茶”,故译为have meals and drink tea three times a day。
3.第3句中的主句“通常递上的也是一杯茶”为汉语中的无主语句,此句强调了“茶”,故可用强调句型it is...that来表达,“有客人来访时”可处理为时间状语从句when guests come,也可将其整合到主句中去,整句译作it is often a cup of tea that is served to the guests。
4.倒数第2句中的“茶叶”译作tea leaf,虽然tea一词也有“茶叶”的意思,但译作tea leaf以便与文中其他的tea作出区分,使意思更明确。
“色、香、味、形”中的“形”指整体的形状,不单纯指“形”,故译为appearance比shape更达意。
(十四)赴美留学
近年来,越来越多的中国学生赴美留学。
去年,美国进行了一项针对高校留学生的调查研究。
该调查表明,2011-2012学年间来自中国的高校留学生总人数超过了19万,这使得中国连续三年成为美国最大的留学生来源国(sender of students)。
而在2002年,印度领先中国,是美国最大的留学生来源地。
对于中国赴美留学生增长这一现象,不同的人从不同的角度予以关注——或褒或贬。
参考答案:
In recent years, a growing number of Chinese students go to study in the United States. Last year, a survey on college overseas students was conducted in the U.S. According to the survey, the number of college students from China was over 190 thousand in the school year of 2011 to 2012, making China the largest sender of students to the U.S. for three years in a row. In 2002, India was ahead of China as the source of the most
international students to the U.S. Different people will focus from different aspects on the growth of Chinese students" going to America—some positive, some negative.
答题解析:
1.第2句的主语为“美国”,但翻译时,为了符合英文表达习惯,宜将其转换为地点状语,用“一项调查研究”作为主语并用被动语态来表达。
定语“针对高校留学生的”较长,故将其处理成后置定语,用介词短语on college overseas students来表达。
2.第3句中的“这使得中国连续三年成为美国最大的留学生来源国”是前一分句的结果,故用现在分词短语作结果状语,译作malting China the largest sender of students to the U.S. for three years in a row。
3.第4句中的“印度领先中国,是美国最大的留学生来源地”如果逐字对译为India was ahead of China and was the largest sender of students to the U.S.,稍显生硬,将“是美国最大的留学生来源地”处理作方式状语,用介词短语as the source of the most international students to the U.S. 来表达更灵活自如。
4.最后一句中的“这一现象”在汉语中属于范畴词,汉译英时可以省略不译。
类似这样的范畴词还有“方面”、“方式”、“问题”、“情况”等。
“或褒或贬”实为“一些是褒义的,一些是贬义的”,可译为some are positive and others are negative,但如采用省略结构,直接译为some positive,some negative更简洁。
(十五)造纸术
纸张发明之前,人们将文字刻在平整的竹片或木片上。
由竹片或木片制成的书很笨重,不方便阅读和携带。
东汉时期(the Eastern Han Dynasty),蔡伦利用树皮(tree bark)、麻头(hemp)、破布等来造纸,得名“蔡伦纸”。
由于轻便价廉,这种纸很快得到推广并取代竹片和木片。
随后,中国的造纸技术流传至世界各地。
造纸术是中国的四大发明之一,是中华民族对世界文明的杰出贡献。
参考答案:
Before paper was invented, characters were carved on flat strips of bamboo or wood. Books made of bamboo or wood were heavy, and inconvenient for reading and carrying. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cal Lun used materials such as tree bark, hemp and rags to make paper, known as "Cai Lun Paper". Light and cheap, it soon became widespread and replaced bamboo and wood strips for writing. Later on, the technique of papermaking in China was introduced into countries around the world. As one of the Chinese Four Great inventions, papermaking is considered to be a great contribution of the Chinese people to the world’s civilization.
答题解析:
1.第1句中的时间状语“纸张发明之前”可译为从句Before paper was invented或介词短语Before the invention of paper。
主句“人们将文字刻在……”中的主语“人们”无需强调,习惯上将其译为被动句,用“文字”作主语。
在上下文的语境中,“文字”指的是“中国的汉字”,故应译为characters,而非words或letters。
2.第2句中修饰“书”的定语“由竹片或木片制成”可处理为定语从句which were made of...,或直接用过去分词made of...作后置定语。
该句中的“竹片”和“木片”在上句已有提及,故此处可简化译作bamboo及wood。
3.第3句中的“得名‘蔡伦纸’”,是对蔡伦所造的纸的补充说明,可用过去分词短语译为named“Cai Lun Paper”或known as“Cai Lun Paper”;也可译为which引导的非限制定语从句which was named“Cai Lun Paper”。
4.第4句中的“由于轻便价廉”可直译为because it Was light and cheap,但不如用形容词短语light and cheap作状语来说明主语的情况来得简洁。
5.最后一句中,把后半句“是中华民族……”处理成主句,“造纸术是中国的四大发明之一”处理为状语,译作as one of Chinese Four Great Inventions,突出主句的意义,使句子层次分明。