卓顶精文2019年英语六级真题及答案详解

2019年6月英语六级真题及答案详解
PartⅠWriting(30minutes)
Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicTheImpactoftheInternetonInte rpersonalCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
TheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:Inthispart.Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonA nswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)、B)、C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
TheThree-YearSolution
HartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,makesthisoffertowellp reparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour,andsaveabout543,000—t heamountofoneyear’stuitionandfees.Anumberofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudents anxiousaboutsavingtimeandmoney.That’sbothanopportunityandawarningforthebesthigher-educations ystemintheworld.
TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld’sbestuniversities.ArecentChinesesurveyranks35Americanu niversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.Ourresearchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelopi ngthecompetitiveadvantagesthathelpAmericansproduce25%ofalltheworld’swealth.In2019,623,805oft heworld’sbrighteststudentswereattractedtoAmericanuniversities.
Yet,therearesignsofperil(危险)withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.collegeshavetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychoos eamong6,000public,private,nonprofit,forprofit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inadd ition,almostallofthe532billionthefederalgovernmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawardedcom petitively.
Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthefall-to-spring“scho olyear”hasn’tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,whenwewereasummerstretchnolongermak essense.FormerGeorgeWashingtonUniversitypresidentStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalco llegeusesitsfacilitiesforacademicpurposesalittlemorethanhalfthecalendaryear.“Whilecollegefa cilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpensesthatcontributetothehighcostofrunni
ngacollege,”hehaswritten.
Withinacademicdepartments,tenure(终身职位)，combinedwithage-discriminationlaws,makesfacultyturnover—criticalforauniversitytoremaincurr entinchangingtimes—difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovative thinking,thetenuresystemoftenstifles(压制)them:youngerprofessorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraginglike -mindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.
Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloandebt.Strongcampusp residentstomanagetheseproblemsarebecominghardertofind,andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncam pusalmostaslongastheirpresidents.Theaverageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompleteanundergrad uatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsasstudentsinterruptedbywork,inconveniencedbyu navailableclasses,orluredbyonemorefootballseasonfindithardtograduate.
CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandotherformsoftuitionsuppor t.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.Thestackofcongressionalregulationsgoverningfed eralstudentgrantsandloansnowstandstwiceastallasIdo.Fillingouttheseformsconsumes7%ofeverytui tiondollar.
Forallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayofdoingthingsandquestion ingdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegreemeans.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefourye arstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16first-yearstudentsandfoursecond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolled intheschool’snewthreeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollege,theplanisdesignedforhigh-abilit y,highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytowardadvanceddegrees.
Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Insteadoftaking30creditsay ear,thesestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafourweekcourseduringwhichstudentsmayearn threetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,includinganumberofinternationalsites.Summercoursesarenotreq uired,butastudentmayenrollinthem—andpayextra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackatcourseregistr ation.Therearenochangesinthenumberofcoursesprofessorsteachorintheirpay.
Thethree-yeardegreeisn’tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.JudsonCollege,a350-student institutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-yearoptionfor40years.Studentsattend“shortterm s”inMayandJunetoearnthecreditsrequiredforgraduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversi tyinIndianaareamongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.
Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierformanystudentstoearntheirundergrad uatedegreesinlesstime.OneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollegetodaywithAdvancedPlacement(AP)credit samountingtoasemesterormoreofcollegelevelwork.Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolslikethe UniversityofTexas,makeiteasyfortheseAPstudentstograduatefaster.
Forstudentswhodon’tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-yearplanmayhaveanevengreater appeal.Dr.JohnSergent,headofVanderbiltUniversityMedicalSchool’sresidency(住院医生)program,enrolledinVanderbilt’sundergraduatecollegein1959.Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlyt hreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhisclassmates.”Myfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmysenioryear,wh ichmeantIhadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.Ibasicallyskippedmysenioryear,”s aysSergent.Hestillhadtimetobeastudentsenatorandmeethiswife.
Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.Forone,itdeprivesstudentsof theluxuryoftimetoroam(遨游)pressingeverythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimeforgrowingup,engagin ginextracurricularactivities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesitcouldmeanfeweropportuniti estogetintoaprizedprofessor’sclass.Iowa’sWaldorfCollegehasgraduatedseveralhundredstudentsini tsthree-yeardegreeprogram,butitnowphasingouttheoption.MostWaldorfstudentswantedthefullfour-
yearexperience—academically,socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewaryofanychang ethatthreatensthecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce.
“Mosthighgovernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight—asawaytoensureeconomicco mpetitivenessandcontinuedeconomicgrowth,”DerekBok,formerpresidentofHarvard,toldTheWashingto nPost.“Istronglydisagreewiththisapproach.”Anotherrisk:thenewcampusschedulesmighteventuallypr oducelessrevenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursforfacultymembers.
Adoptingathree-yearoptionwillnotcomeeasilytomostschool.Thosethatwishtotackletraditionandmak eAmericancampusmorecost-consciousmayfinditeasiertotakeTrachtenberg’sadvice:opencampusesyear-round.“Youcouldruntwocompletecolleges,withtwocompletefaculties,”hesays.“That’swithoutcutting thelengthofstudents’vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteachmore.”
Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,challengethetenuresystem —oralloftheabove—universitiesareslowlyrealizingthattostaycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustada pttoarapidlychangingworld.
Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthanaskingCongressforaddi tionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,oraskingstudentsevenhighertuitionp ayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenientschedulesalongwithmorefocused,less-expensivedegrees mayfindthattheyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.Thesesortsofin novationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeprograms?
A)Tocreatechancesforthepoor.C)Toenrollmorestudents.
B)Tocutstudents’expenses.D)Tosolveitsfinancialproblems.
2.ByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythat.
A)Americanuniversitiesareresistanttochange
B)thesummervacationcontributestostudentgrowth
C)collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuse
D)thecostsofrunningauniversityaresoaring
3.TheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities.
A)suppressescreativethinkingC)guaranteesacademicfreedom
B)createsconflictsamongcolleaguesD)isasignofagediscrimination
4.Whatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatHartwick?
A)Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear.
B)Non-creditcoursesareeliminatedaltogether.
C)Itsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaweek.
D)Somesummercoursesareofferedfreeofcharge.
5.WhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege’sthree-yeardegreeprogram?
A)Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades.
B)Itisopentothebrighteststudentsonly.
C)Itisthemostsuccessfulinthecountry.
D)Ithasmanypracticalcoursesonoffer.
6.Whatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsearnundergraduatedegreesinthreeyears?
A)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents’needs.
B)MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcredits.
C)Moreelectivecoursesareofferedinhighschool.
D)Theoverallqualityofeducationbasimproved.
7.Whatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeprogram?
A)Studentshavetocopewithtooheavyaworkload.
B)Studentsdon’thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually.
C)Studentshavelittletimetogainpracticalexperience.
D)Studentsdon’thaveprizedprofessorstoteachthem.
8.Collegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintotheworkforcemightposeathr eatto.
9.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworldinorderto.
10.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreeswillbemoreattractiveto.
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeach conversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestio nswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefour choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAn swerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.
11.A)TheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaparalyzed.
B)ThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherback.
C)TheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteawhile.
D)Thedoctor’stherapyhasbeenverysuccessful.
12.A)Themancouldwatchtheballetwithher.
B)Shehappenedtohaveboughttwotickets.
C)Shecangetaballetticketfortheman.
D)Herscheduleconflictswithhersister’s.
13.A)Hewillsendsomeonerightaway.
B)Hehastodootherrepairsfirst.
C)Thewomancancalllaterthatday.
D)Thewomancantrytofixitherself.
14.A)Takeupcollectionnextweek.
B)Givehiscontributionsometimelater.
C)BuyanexpensivegiftforGemma.
D)Borrowsomemoneyfromthewoman.
15.A)Declinetheinvitationasearlyaspossible.
B)AskTonytoconveythankstohismother.
C)TellTony’smotherthatsheeatsnomeat.
D)Addmorefruitsandvegetablestoherdiet.
16.A)Theincreasingcrimerate.
B)Theimpactofmassmedia.
C)Thecirculationofnewspapers.
D)Thecoverageofnewspapers.
17.A)Limitthenumberofparticipantsintheconference.
B)Checkthenumberofpeoplewhohaveregistered.
C)Providepeoplewithadviceoncareerdevelopment.
D)Movetheconferencetoamorespaciousplace.
18.A)Theapartmentisstillavailable.
B)Theapartmentisclosetothecampus.
C)Theadvertisementisoutdated.
D)On-campushousingishardtosecure.
Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Totesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovarioussignals.
B)Tofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleone.
C)Toseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachother.
D)Toexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaskill.
20.A)Producetheappropriatesound.
B)Presstheright-handleverfirst.
C)Raisetheirheadsabovethewater.
D)Swimstraightintothesametank.
21.A)Onlyonedolphinwasabletoseethelight.
B)Themaledolphinreceivedmorerewards.
C)Bothdolphinswereputinthesametank.
D)Theleverwasbeyondthedolphins’reach.
Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
22.A)Inabotanicalgarden.
B)Inalectureroom.
C)Inaresorttown.
D)Onacattlefarm.
23.A)Itisanidealplaceforpeopletoretireto.
B)Itisatthecentreofthefashionindustry.
C)Itremainsveryattractivewithitsmineralwaters.
D)IthaskeptmanytraditionsfromVictoriantimes.
24.A)Itwasnamedafteralandownerintheolddays.
B)ItislocatedintheeasternpartofHarrogate.
C)Itisprotectedasparklandbyaspeciallaw.
D)Itwillbeusedasacentreforathletictraining.
25.A)Thebeautifulflowers.
B)Therefreshingair.
C)Themineralwaters.
D)Thevastgrassland.
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomeque stions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoos ethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerS heet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.
Passageone
Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
26.A)
B)
C)
D)Hespecializesininterpersonalrelationship.
27.A)Studentswhoscoredlowstandardizedtests.
B)Blackfreshmenwithhighstandardizedtestscores.
C)Studentswhoareaccustomedtolivingindorms.
D)Blackstudentsfromfamilieswithlowincomes.
28.A)Theyatthecollegedormsattheendofthesemester.
B)Theywereoftheuniversity’shousingpolicy.
C)Theygenerallyspendmoretimetogetherthatwhitepairs.
D)Theybrokeupmoreoftenthansame-raceroommates.
29.A)Theirracialattitudesimproved.
B)Theirtestscoresrosegradually.
C)Theygrewboredofeachother.
D)Theystarteddoingsimilaractivities.
Passagetwo
Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
30.A)Itwillbecomepopulargradually.
B)Itwillchangetheconceptoffood.
C)Ithasattractedworldwideattention.
D)Itcanhelpsolveglobalfloodcrises.
31.A)Ithasbeenincreasedovertheyears.
B)IthasbeendrasticallycutbyNASA.
C)Itisstillfarfrombeingsufficient.
D)Itcomesregularlyfromitsdonors.
32.A)Theyarelesshealthythanweexpected.
B)Theyarenotasexpensiveasbelieve.
C)Theyaremorenutritiousanddelicious.
D)Theyarenotasnaturalaswebelieved.
PassageThree
Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
33.A)Hehasbettermemoriesofchildhood.
B)Hewasaccusedoffamilyviolence.
C)Heisahabitualcriminal.
D)Hewaswronglyimprisoned.
34.A)Thejury’sprejudiceagainsthisrace.
B)Theevidencefoundatthecrimescene.
C)Thetwovictims’identification.
D)Thetestimonyofhistwofriends.
35.A)TheUSjudicialsystemhasmuchroomforimprovement.
B)Frightenedvictimscanrarelymakecorrectidentification.
C)Eyewitnessesareoftenmisledbythelayer’squestions.
D)Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofwitnesstestimony.
SECTIONB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime, youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequir edtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumbered44t o46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsy ouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethi rdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
注意：此部分的试题请在答题卡2上作答。

About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearasrecession-strickenfamiliespushedkid stowork,andaweakeconomicrecoverywillallowonlya(36)_________improvementinthedrop-outratein20 19,atopeducation(37)_________said.
Mexico’seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear,(38)_________anestimated7perce ntduetoa(39)_________inU.S.demandforMexicanexportssuchascars.
The(40)_________ledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeft(41)_________ormiddleschoolin 2019,saidJuandeDiosCastro,who(42)_________thenation’sadulteducationprogramandkeepsaclosewatc hondrop-outrates.
“(43)_________roseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoredifficult.”CastrotoldReutersinanintervi ewearlierthismonth.
(44)_______________________________________________________________________________________ __.Asaresult,drop-outrateswillnotimprovemuch,Castrosaid.“Therewillbesomeimprovement,butnots ignificant,”Castrosaid.
(45)_______________________________________________________________________________________ __.Andchildrenoftensellcandyandcraftsinthestreetsorwordinrestaurants.
(46)__________________________________________________________________________________.Mexi co’spoliticianshaveresistedmendingthecountry’stax,energyandlaborlawsfordecades,leavingitseco nomybehindcountriessuchasBrazilandChile.
PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepa ssagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Please writeyouranswersonAnswerSheet2
Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Infaceofglobalwarming,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhousegasemissionsthroughavarie tyofstrategies.Butwhilemuchoftheresearchandinnovationhasconcentratedonfindingless-polluting energyalternatives,itmaybedecadesbeforecleantechnologieslikewindandsolarmeetasignificantpor tionofourenergyneeds.
Inthemeantime,theamountofCO2intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimitsproposedbytheIntergovernme ntalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).“Aslongaswe’reconsumingfossilfuels,we’reputtingoutCO2,”saysKla usLackner,ageophysicistatColumbia,University”WecannotlettheCO2intheatmosphereriseindefinite ly.”
ThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,whichtheIPCCsayscouldprovide themorethan50%reductioninemissionsthoughtneededtoreduceglobalwarming.“Weseethepotentialforc aptureandstoragetoplayanintegralroleinreducingemissions,”saysKimCorley,Shell’ssenioradvisoro fCO2andenvironmentalaffairs.Thatforwardthinkingstrategyisgainingsupport.TheU.S.Departmentof Energyrecentlyproposedputting$1billionintoanew$2.4billioncoal-burningenergyplant.Theplant’sc arbon-capturetechnologieswouldserveasapilotprojectforothernewcoal-burningplants.
Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou’vecapturedit?Oneoptionistoputittonewuses.DakotaGasificationo fNorthDakotacapturesCO2ataplantthatconvertscoalintosyntheticnaturalgas.Itthenshipsthegas200 milesbypipelinetoCanada,whereitispumpedundergroundinoilrecoveryoperations.IntheNetherlands, ShelldeliversCO2tofarmerswhopipeitintotheirgreenhouses,increasingtheiryieldoffruitsandveget ables.
However,scientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevastamountsoflong-termstorage.Som eproposestoringtheCO2incoalminesorliquidstorageintheocean,ShellfavorsstoringCO2indeepgeolog icalstructuressuchassaline(盐的)formationsandexhaustedoilandgasfieldsthatexistthroughouttheworld.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

47.Whataresuggestedasrenewableandless-pollutingenergyalternatives?
48.WhatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthereductionofCO2emissions?
49.OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristostoreitand.
50.ThroughusingCO2,Dutchfarmershavebeenableto.
51.Long-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseof.
SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinisheds tatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoic eandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.T hat'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexer tmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.
What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.。