句型讲义——精选推荐

句型讲义
第⼀节陈述句
⼀.陈述句概念:
陈述句是⽤来陈述事实和观点的句⼦。

陈述句包含肯定结构和否定结构，句末⽤句号。

如：It is a desk. (肯定结构)It isn’t a desk. (否定结构)
⼆.肯定句变否定句的⽅法：
1.be动词的否定式：be+not
be动词包括am, is, are：（主语是I，⽤am；主语是三单，⽤is；其他⽤are）
I am a student. I am not a student.
He is reading. He isn’t reading.
We are students. We aren’t students.
2.情态动词(can , must )的否定: 情态动词+not+动词原形
He can swim. He can not (can’t) swim.
You must play football here. You must not (mustn’t) play football here.
3.实义动词的否定：do/does+not+动词原形
实义动词能指代具体意思，可以单独作谓语。

变否定时，要借⽤助动词do, does（主语是第三⼈称单数）：do/does+not+动词原形
I like music. I do not (don’t) like music.
She does her homework at home. She doesn’t do her homework at home.
注意：助动词后加动词原形。

如：
误：Li Lei doesn’t likes sports.
正：Li Lei doesn’t like sports.
陈述句练习
⼀．将下列句⼦变为否定句，每空⼀词。

1.This is a desk. This a desk.
2.Grandpa tells stories to us every evening.
Grandpa stories to us every evening.
3.He can draw pictures. He draw pictures.
4.You must play football here. You play football here.
5.Peter goes to the zoo once a year.
Peter to the zoo once a year.
第⼆节疑问句
⼀.疑问句的概念及类型：
概念：疑问句是勇于提出疑问的句⼦，以问号结尾。

类型：有四种，⼀般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

⼆.⼀般疑问句
1.由动词be构成的疑问句：将动词be的适当形式置于句⾸，其肯定回答⽤Yes,...,否定回答⽤No,...。

They are working hard. Are they working hard? Yes, they are. /No, they aren’t.
She is right. Is she right? Yes, she is. /No, she isn’t.
2.由⼀般实义动词构成的疑问句，通常根据不同时态和⼈称在句⾸加do, does如：
I often go to school on foot. Do you often go to school on foot?
Y es, I do. / No, I don’t.
Mike likes swimming. Does Mike like swimming? Y es, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
3.含情态动词(may,can, must)的⼀般疑问句，直接将情态动词置于句⾸。

如：
I can sing English songs. Can you sing English songs?
Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
三.特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句：是由疑问词提问的句⼦。

基本结构是“疑问词+⼀般疑问句”。

疑问词包括疑问代词（what, which, who, whose)和疑问副词（when, where, why, how）。

常见的疑问词及其提问⽅式有：
1. What (什么) This is an apple. What’s this?
2. Which(哪⼀个) The girl in a hat is Lucy. Which girl is Lucy?
3. Who(谁) This is my mother. Who is this?
4. How(怎样) Jim goes to school by bus. How does Jim go to school?
5. When(什么时候，询问时间)
I go to school at 7:30 every morning. When do you go to school?
6.What time(⼏点，就具体时间提问)
We will meet at three o’clock. What time will you meet?
7.What color(什么颜⾊)
My coat is pink. What color is your coat?
8.How often(多久⼀次，表频率)
Bob watches TV once a week. How often does Bob watch TV?
9.How much(多少，询问价格)
This book is 50 yuan. How much is the book?
How much + 不可数名词，表⽰“多少......”
There is two kilos of milk in the fridge.
How much milk is there in the fridge
10.How many(多少，询问可数名次的数量)
There are four people in my family.
How many people are there in your family?
11.How old(多⼤年龄)
Jim is eleven years old. How old is Jim?
12.How long(多久，询问⼀段时间)
He stayed there for there years. How long did he stay here?
13.How soon(表⽰⼀段时间，与⼀般将来时连⽤)
I will be back in a week. How soon will you be back?
注意：要先判断清楚是就什么提问，再选择相应的疑问词。

注意保持句型转换前后时态的⼀致。

疑问句练习
⼀.将下列句⼦改为⼀般疑问句。

1.He took many photos in front of the Summer Palace.
he many photos in front of the Summer Palace?
2.The earth moves around the sun.
the earth around the sun?
3.Lucy looks like Lily. Lucy like Lily?
4.Jim can help you with your English.
Jim me with my English?
5.Lucy and Lily come from America.
Lucy and Lily from America?
6.Dave often goes to work by bus.
Dave often to work by bus?
7.I had a good time at the party last night.
you a good time at the party last night?
8.This is a nice watch. This a nice watch?
9.I’m going to the zoo this Saturday.
you to the zoo this Saturday?
10.I do my homework at eight every evening.
you your homework at eight every evening?
⼆.单项选择。

( ) 1. Did you a letter to me last week?
A. write
B. writes
C. writing
D. wrote
( ) 2. Which hat will you buy, this one that one?
A. and
B. so
D. or
( ) 3. do you get up every day?
At six.
A. How
B. When
C. What
D. Which
( ) 4. every student like to read the book?
A. Is
B. Does
C. Are
D. Do
( ) 5. do you do sports?
Once a week.
A. How often
B. Hoe soon
C. How
D. How long ( ) 6. ?
Eight yuan a kilo.
A. How much do you want
B. How many do you want
C. How much is the chicken
D. Can I help you
( ) 7. How many would you like?
A. orange
B. bottle of orange
C. bottles of orange
D. a bottle of orange
( ) 8. Is Peter at school?
.
A. Yes, she is.
B. No, he is.
C. Yes, he is.
D. No, she is. ( ) 9. do you want to ?
A. When, write
B. Who, write to
C. What, to
D. How, write ( ) 10. Is there an apple on the table?
.
A. Yes, there is.
B. Yes, they are.
C. Yes, it is.
D. No, there aren’t.
三．句型转换。

1.The children like games. (改为⼀般疑问句)
the children games?
2.My father is a doctor. (就画线部分提问)
your father ?
3.I am eleven years old. (改为特殊疑问句)
are you ?
4.I will be back in an hour. (改为特殊疑问句)
will you be back?
5.Jim gets up at half past six every day. (改为特殊疑问句) Jim get up every day?
6.Jim goes to school by bike. (改为特殊疑问句)
Jim to school?
7.The man in a blue coat is my father. (改为特殊疑问句) man is your father?
8.There are seventy students in our class. (改为特殊疑问句) are there in your class?
9.Do they often wash clothes together? (做肯定回答)
, .
10.Does Li Hui often phone his friends? (做否定回答)
, .
四．根据实际情况回答问题。

1.What’s your name?
2.How old are you?
3.Where are you from?
4.Which grade are you in?
5.Which class are you in?
6.What does your father do?
7.What does your mother do?
8.How many people are there in your family?
9.Do you like English?
10.What’s your favourite subject?
11.Are you a good child?
第三节祈使句
⼀.祈使句的概念:
祈使句是表⽰请求,命令,劝告,祝愿或建议的句⼦。

祈使句的主语⼀般为第⼆⼈称，但往往省去不⽤。

如：
Come this way, madam. 这边⾛，夫⼈。

Please be quilt! 请安静！
Let me help you. 让我来帮你吧！
Let’s go to the zoo. 让我们去动物园吧！
Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。

⼆.祈使句的结构
1.祈使句的谓语总是⽤动词原形, 结构为“动词原形+宾语+其他”。

如：
Be careful ! 当⼼！
Have a good trip ! 旅⾏愉快！
Go out at once ! 马上出去！
有时为了加强语⽓，可在动词前加do. 如：
Do be careful ! 务必⼩⼼！
Do come in time . 务必准时到！
2.祈使句的否定式：“Don't + 动词原形+ 其他”。

如：
Don’t laugh at me . 不要笑我。

Don’t be late again . 别再迟到了。

三.祈使句的⽤法
1.为了使语⽓委婉，常将祈使句与please连⽤，please可位于句⾸（其后通常不⽤逗号），或句末（其前通常⽤逗号）。

如：Please be seated ! 请坐好！Sit down , please ! 请坐。

Wait a moment , please ! 请稍等。

2.以let开头的祈使句。

如：
Let me have a rest . 让我休息⼀下吧！
Let’s go out for a walk . 我们去外⾯散步吧！
3.祈使句的反意疑问句，通常⽤will you, won’t you反问。

如：
Turn off the TV, will you ? 把电视关掉，好吗？
Let me in , will you ? 让我进来，好吗？
以let开头的祈使句，分两种情况：
（1）表⽰“请求”时，⽤will you. 如：
Let me help you , will you ? 让我帮你，好吗？
Let us know your address , will you ? 把地址告诉我们，好吗？（2）表⽰“建议”时，⽤shall we .如：
Let’s go swimming together , shall we ? 我们⼀起去游泳，好吗？Let’s stop to have a rest , shall we ? 我们停下来休息⼀下，好吗？祈使句练习
⼀.将下列祈使句改为否定句。

1.Look out of the window.
2.Ask him.
3.Please wait for her.
4.Please smoke here.
5.Spit everywhere.
6.Open the window.
7.Be late for school.
8.Sit under the tree, please.
⼆.单项选择。

( ) 1. If you are tired, a rest.
A.have
B. having
C. to have
D. had
( ) 2. me go. It’s very important for me.
A. Do let
B. Let do
C. Doing let
D. To do let
( ) 3. He is not honest(诚实)，believe him.
A.not
B. don’t
C.to not
D. not to
( ) 4. If you want to stay, let me know, ?
A. will you
B. shall we
C. do you
D. do we
( ) 5. in the street. It’s dangerous.
A. Not play
B. Not to play
C. Don’t play
D. Don’t to play
( ) 6. The film is going to begin. Please seated.
A. be
B. are
C. is
D. being
( ) 7. the boxes. You may use them later.
A. Keep
B. Keeping
C. To keep
D. Kept
( ) 8. Please me some money, will you ?
A . lend B. lending C. to lend D. be lend
( ) 9. Let’s go to the movies together, ?
A. shall we
B. will you
C. don’t you
D. do you
( ) 10. Let us help you, ?
A. shall we
B. will you
C. don’t you
D. do you
第四节感叹句
⼀．感叹句的概念
感叹句是表⽰喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句⼦。

感叹句句末通常⽤感叹号，读时⼀般⽤降调。

如：
how nice!多好（看）呀！
How well you look!你⽓⾊真好！
What a nice day!多好的天⽓啊！
What fine weather !多好的天⽓啊！
How hard they are working !他们⼯作的真起劲啊！
⼆．感叹句的集中常见形式
1.what引起的感叹句，其基本结构what+a(an)+adj+n(单数)+主语+谓语。

如：
What a clever boy he is !他是⼀个多么聪明的孩⼦啊！
What an interesting book it is !这是⼀本多么有趣的书啊！
注意：若其中的名词为复数或不可数名词，则不⽤不定冠词。

如：
What clever boys they are!他们是多么聪明的孩⼦啊！
What beautiful flowers the are!这些花多么漂亮啊！
What bad news it is ！这是多糟糕的消息啊！（news 为不可数名词）
What great fun!(fun 为不可数名词)
另外，感叹句中的主语和谓语有时候可以省略。

如：
What a fine day (it is) !多好的天⽓啊！
What beautiful flowers (the are)!这些花多么漂亮啊！
2.由how 引出的感叹句，其基本结构是how +形容词或副词+主语+谓语。

如：
How tall the man is !这个⼈真⾼！
How nice the watch is !这表真好看！
How slowly he drives !他开得真慢！
How beautiful the girl looks !这位姑娘看上去真漂亮！
有时句中的主语和谓语可以省略。

如：
How fast！真快啊！
How beautiful ！多漂亮啊！
How slowly! 多慢啊!
3.感叹句除了可由what和how引导外，还可有许多其他形式，如可⽤陈述句、疑问句、祈使句，有时甚⾄⼀个单词或⼀个短语也可以⽤作感叹句。

如：
Stop talking ! 不要讲话了！
Fire !失⽕了！
Very good ！很好！
Isn’t it a lovely day!天⽓真好！
典型例题
例1单项选择：loudly he talking！
A what
B how
剖析：loudly 是副词，how是修饰副词，故选B
答案B
例2：单项选择：what weather!
A a fine
B fine
剖析：weather是不可数名词，故前⾯不能加定冠词a.
答案B
例3：单项选择：good the boy is!
A What a
B how
剖析：good在该句中是形容词，how修饰形容词，故选B.
答案B
例4：单项选择：how a clever boy he is !
A B C D
剖析：clever是形容词，但此处它是⽤于修饰名词boy，⽽不是单独⽤作表语，这⾥应该⽤what修饰名词boy。

答案A How 改为What
感叹句练习
⼀．单项选择。

（）1. bad weather it is！
A What
B What a
C How
D How a
（）2. high he jumps!
A what
B how
C how a
D what a
（）3. Carefully he crosses the road!
A what
B How
C How a
D What a
（）4. beautiful the flowers are!
A How
B what
C What a
D How a
（）5. big dog it is !
A what
B How a
C How
D What a
（）6. tall building it is!
A How
B what
C What a
D How a
（）7. slowly the tortoise runs!
A what
B What a
C How
D How a
（）8. salt the egg is!
A How
B How a
C What a
D what （）9. Friendly the Chinese people are！
A How
B What
C What a
D How a （）10. Fast the fan turns!
A How
B What
C What a
D How a ⼆．下列各题都有⼀处错误，请找出来并改正。

1.How a useful book it is! ( )
A B C D
2.What tall the building is! ( )
A B C D
3.What great the man is! ( )
A B C D
4.How a nice girl she is ! ( )
A B C D
5.What clever the monkey is! ( )
A B C D
三．根据所给句⼦填空，使句⼦变为相应的感叹句。

1.The old man walked very slow .
the old man walked!
2.The film is very wonderful.
the film is!
3.Our school looks very beautiful in spring.
our school looks in spring!
4.It is a useful dictionary.
dictionary it is!
dictionary is!
5.The students are listening very much!
the students are listening!
四．根据句意⽤what 、what a（an）、how填空。

1. carefully the boy does his homework!
2. well you sing but badly he dance!
3. delicious your supper is !
4. interesting book it is ! I like it very much.
5. interesting work it is!
6. sunny weather we are having these days!
7. cheap these clothes are!
8. difficult question they are!
第五节存在句
⼀．存在句的概念
存在句就是我们常说的‘There be....’句型。

‘There be....’句型指某物存在于特定的位置上。

‘There be....’中的be因名词形式的不同⽽不同，there is 和单数名词和不可数名词连⽤，there are 与复数名词连⽤。

如：
There is a book on the desk .桌上有本书。

There is an map on the wall.桌上有张地图。

There is an egg in the bowl.碗⾥有个鸡蛋。

There are some flowers in the vase.花瓶⾥有些花。

⼆．存在句的结构
1.存在句的肯定式结构
There +be (is/are)+n.+地点（there⽆实意）
其中be 动词，根据名词形式的不同⽽变化，is 与单数名词、不可数名词连⽤；are与复数名词连⽤。

如：
There is a glass of milk on the table .住上有杯⽜奶
There is an apple in my hand.我⼿⾥有⼀个苹果.
There is some milk in the glass.杯⼦⾥有⼀些⽜奶。

（milk为不可数名词）
2.存在句的⼀般疑问句结构
‘There be....’结构⼀般疑问句结构，将be动词或者is或are放在there之前。

⽐如：
Is there a glass of milk on the table?
肯定回答：yes ,there is .否定回答：no there isn’t.
Is there any milk in the glass ?
肯定回答：yes ,there is 否定回答：no there isn’t.
3.存在句的否定式结构
‘There be....’句型的否定式结构直接在be动词之后加not。

如：
There is not (isn’t) a ruler in my pencil-case.我的铅笔盒⾥⾯没有尺⼦。

There are not (aren’t) any flowers in the vase.花瓶⾥没有花。

三．There be 与have、has的区别
There be表⽰某地有某物或者某⼈，have、has做’有’讲，强调所属关系，含有拥有之意。

如：
There is a car on the road 。

公路上有⼀辆车。

I have a car.我有⼀辆车。

There are three grades in our school.我们学校有三个年级。

Our school has three grades.
Has⽤于第三⼈称单数。

如：
He has a tv.他有⼀台电视机。

She has a radio.她有⼀台收⾳机。

四．Some和any的⽤法
Any通常⽤于疑问句和否定句，some⽤于肯定句、肯定回答及提出要求的句式，⽤于提出要求的句型中表⽰期待对⽅做出肯定回答。

如：
Is there any milk in the glass?(⽤于⼀般疑问句中)
There isn’t any tea in the cup.(⽤于否定句中）
There is some water in the bottle.(⽤于肯定句中）
There are some apples in the basket.(⽤于肯定句中）
典型例题
例1单项选择：There a book ,a pen and some pencils on the desk.
A is
B are
C be
D being
剖析：当there be.... 句型中的名词委两个或两个以上的名词时，be动词的形式与接近它的第⼀个名词保持⼀致，故选A 答案：A
例2单项选择：There some pencils, a book and a pen on the desk.
A is
B are
C be
D being
剖析：此时的be动词与接近它的some pencils保持⼀致。

答案：B
例3单项选择：There some orange juice in the bottle.
A is
B are
C be
D am
剖析：该句中orange juice为不可数名词，故be动词应⽤is。

答案：A
例4单项选择：Our country too many people.
A have
B has
C there is
D there are
剖析：该句是考查have/has与there be 的区别，此句是要表明我国⼈⼝的特点，应⽤has表⽰有的含义。

答案：B
存在句练习
⼀．单项选择。

（）1.There some water in the bottle.
A is
B are
C have
D be
（）2.There many tomatoes, but there a potato.
A are, is
B is, are
C aren’t , is
D aren’t , isn’t
（）2.There on the desk.
A a pencil
B two books
C five apples
D a water
（）3.There a pencil-case and many pencils in Zoom’s bag.
A is Bare C have D be
（）4.There are a lot of in the frige.
A meat
B chicken
C eggs
D milk
（）5.There many new words in lesson two.
A is
B are
C be
D will be （）6. There a zoo in your city?
A is
B be
C are
D Were
（）7.how many rabbits there ?
A is
B have
C are
D be
（）8.There some keys and a key ring in his case.
A have
B is
C are
D be
（）9.There some good news in today’s newspaper.
A is
B are
C be
D have
⼆．翻译下列句⼦。

1.我家门前有条河。

a river in front of my house.
2.河⾥有只猫。

There a boat the river.
3.他的⼝袋⾥有些钱。

There some money his pocket.
4.你要喝⼀些⽔吗？
Would you like water?
5.你有⼀些鸡蛋吗？
you eggs ?
三．按要求进⾏句型转换。

1.There is a salt shaker on the table .(改为⼀般疑问句)
A salt shaker on the table ?
2.There are some plates on the table (改为⼀般疑问句) There plates on the table?
3.Are there any vegetables in the bowl?（做出肯定回答）Yes
4.Are there any keys in the drawer?(做出否定回答)
No
5.There are some books on the desk.（改为否定句）
There books on the desk.。