沪教版牛津英语【初三上册】Unit 3 Family life.词句精讲精练

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Unit 3 Family life
词句精讲精练
责编:王晓丽
词汇精讲
1. share
(1)share用作及物动词,意为“共用;合用;分享”。

例如:
It’s hard to share power. 权力很难分享。

(2)share sth. with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”。

例如:
Tony shared his chocolate with other kids.
托尼把他的巧克力与其他孩子分着吃了。

She shares a house with two other students.
她与另外两个同学合住一所房子。

2. expect
(1) expect表示“期待,期望”,通常为及物动词,直接接宾语,还可接不定式的复合结构。

例如:
We should not expect success overnight.
我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。

That’s just what we expected.
那正是我们所期望的。

He expected her to go with him.
他期望她同他一起去。

(2) expect还可表示“预计,预料”等,后接动词时要用不定式,不用动名词。

例如:
I expect a storm. 我预计会有场暴风雨来。

I didn’t expect to find you here. 我没料到在这里碰到你。

(3) expect后可接that 从句,若从句谓语为否定,注意否定的转移。

I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。

I don’t expect that he has done such a thin g.
我预料他不会干出这种事来。

3. mind
mind意为“介意,在乎”,主要用于疑问句和否定句。

(1) 作不及物动词。

例如:
Do you mind if I call you later?
你是否介意我晚一点儿打电话给你?
【注意】
Do (Would) you mind if...句型用来表示请求对方的许可,即询问对方“是否介意(说话人)做某事”。

如果同意、不反对别人做某事,答语用否定形式;如果不同意、反对别人做某事,答语用肯定形式。

一般多用I am sorry...或I’m afraid...等以缓和语气。

例如:
—Do you mind if I smoke? 你介意我抽烟吗?
—Not at all, please. 一点也不。

—Would you mind my opening that door? 你介意我开门吗?
—I’m sorry, but it’s not allowed. 对不起,这是不允许的。

(2) 作及物动词,后面通常接名词、代词、动词-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。

例如:
Would you mind my closing the window?
你介意我关上窗户吗?
【注意】
Would you mind doing something? 这一句型通常用来表示请他人做某事,常意为“可否请你做……”或“劳驾你做……”。

其答语与前面的Do (Would) you mind if...句型的答语相同。

例如:Would you mind making some room for the patient?
请你给这位病人让点儿地方出来行吗?
【拓展】
(1) mind作可数名词,意为“脑子;想法;记性”。

例如:
An idea has just come into my mind. 我刚才想到一个主意。

(2) mind的常用短语:
change one’s mind 改变主意
make up one’s mind 作决定
keep...in mind 记住
never mind 不要紧
4. suppose
(1) 动词suppose意为“猜想、假设”,suppose后面可以接that从句,that可以省略。

例如:
I suppose he is not yet twenty.
我猜想他不到二十岁。

(2) be supposed to后面用动词原形,表示“被期望做某事、应该做某事”,相当于情态动词should。

例如:
You are supposed to say hello to the foreigners.
你应该跟这些外宾打招呼。

【拓展】
(1) 当句子的主语是人的时候,be supposed to表示“应该做某事、被期望做某事”,经常用来表示劝告、建议、义务和责任等。

这里be supposed to相当于情态动词should。

例如:You are supposed to ask our teacher if you want to leave the classroom.
如果你要离开教室,应该先问一问我们的老师。

(2) 当句子的主语是物的时候,be supposed to表示“本应该”的意思,经常用来表示某事物本应该发生而没有发生。

例如:
The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to put it off.
这个会议本应该在星期二举行,但我们不得不把他推迟了。

(3) 短语be supposed to do sth.的否定形式是be not supposed to do sth,表示“命令和禁止”,意为“不应该做某事”。

例如:
You are not supposed to talk loudly in class.
你不应该在课堂上大声交谈。

(4) be supposed to的后面接have+过去分词,表示“本应该做完的事情而没有做完”。

例如:
My mother is supposed to have arrived an hour ago.
我的妈妈应该一个小时前就到了。

5. either
(1) either 作副词,意为“也不”,用在否定句中。

例如:
He can’t play the violin. I can’t, either.
他不会拉小提琴,我也不会。

【拓展】either,too和also的辨析:
1) either 也不,用在否定和疑问句句末,常用逗号隔开。

例如:
I don’t like the food, he doesn’t, either.
我不喜欢这种食物,他也不喜欢。

2) too也,用在陈述句末,常用逗号隔开。

例如:
He has a lot of pen pals, too. 他也有很多笔友。

3) also也,用在肯定句中间,位于be动词、助动词或情态动词后,行为动词前。

例如:
We also like playing football. 我们也喜欢踢足球。

【注意】
区别这三个词关键取决于该词在句中的位置和肯定句、否定句的判断。

(2) either 做代词,意为“(两者中)任意一个”。

例如:
There are many trees on either side of the street.
在街道的每一边都有很多树。

(3) either…or…为连词短语,连接两个相同的句子成分,意为“要么……要么……;或者……或者……;不是……就是……”。

例如:
He either stays at home or visits friends on the weekend.
在周末,他要么待在家里,要么拜访朋友。

They will come either tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.
他们不是明天来,就是后天来。

【注意】
either…or…连接两个主语时,谓语动词的形式与紧靠谓语的那个主语的形式保持一致,即遵循就近原则。

例如:
Either I or he is on duty today.
今天不是我值日,就是他值日。

6. cost
(1) cost作及物动词,表示“花(多少钱),价值(若干)”,cost的主语常是物,cost没有被动式,一般不用于进行时态。

例如:
The book cost me fifteen yuan.
这本书花了我十五元钱。

(2) cost可用作名词,意为“成本,费用,价钱,代价”。

表示成本时,常用复数形式costs。

例如:
Living costs are higher in cities than in the country.
城市里生活费用比乡村高。

【拓展】
例如:
I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday.
昨天我花了三个小时做作业。

It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus.
乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。

I paid six yuan for the pen.
我花了六元钱买这支笔。

My English book cost me five yuan.
我的英语书花了我五元钱。

7. help with
help为动词,意为“帮助”,常用的句式有:
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
例如:
I helped her (to) find the bus stop. 我帮她找到了公共汽车站。

Mr. Li often helps us with our English. 李老师经常帮我们学习英语。

【拓展】
help也可作名词,意为“帮助”,常用结构“with one’s help/with the help of…”意为“在……的帮助下”。

例如:
Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。

With the help of my friends, I finished the work very fast.
在朋友们的帮助下,我很快完成了工作。

With the teacher’s help, we passed the exam.
在老师的帮助下,我们通过了考试。

8. interest
(1) interest可以作名词,意为“兴趣,爱好”。

常有如下表达:
take/show an interest in对……感兴趣
have an interest in 对……有兴趣
have no interest in 对……没有兴趣
lose an interest in 对……失去兴趣
find (no) interest in 发觉对……(没)有兴趣
例如:
The boy takes an interest in singing.
那个男孩对唱歌感兴趣。

My sister found no interest in studying.
我妹妹对学习没有兴趣。

(2) interest还可以做动词,意为“使……感兴趣”。

例如:
He interested me in outdoor sports.
他使我对户外运动产生了兴趣。

【拓展】
The film is interesting. 那部电影引人入胜。

The little girl is interested in books. 那个小女孩对书感兴趣。

9. busy
(1) busy是形容词,意为“忙的,繁忙的”,在句中既作定语,又可作表语。

它的反义词是free。

例如:
Mr. Li is a busy man. 李老师是一忙人。

I’m very busy today. 今天我特别忙。

(2) busy 常用的句式如下:
be busy with sth.意为“忙于做某事”。

be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”。

例如:
My mother is busy with her work.
我的妈妈忙于她的工作。

We are busy cleaning the room.
我们正忙于清扫屋子。

词汇精练
I. 英汉词组互译。

1. 帮着做_________
2. in addition_________
3. 出差_________
4. have trouble doing sth._________
5. 觉得孤单________
6. grow up ________
7. 过时的_______ 8. be patient with sb.________
9. 对……没有兴趣________ 10. be ready to do sth.________
11. 照顾__________ 12. communicate with sb._________
II. 根据首字母提示补全句子。

1. He is famous, both at home and a_______.
2. It’s hard to make a d_______ between the two sweaters.
3. I s_______ my cake with him yesterday.
4. You e_______ too much of your son.
5. The poor man has lived a_______ for ten years.
6. Would you m_______ not smoking here?
7. The girl is upset because her clothes are out of d_______.
8. I like my classmates and we have a good r_______.
9. He doesn’t like bananas. I don’t like them, e______.
10. My little d ______ is five years old.
III.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. I think Jim (can not) swim.
2. He was wide (wake) all night. Don’t worry about him.
3. Don’t ask him (person) question, or he won’t answer them.
4. At this time we have no ________ (interesting) in the type of product.
5. Would you like ________ (swim) with me?
6. My first ________ (suggest) is to take a nap.
7. They were _________ (attract) to each other.
8. Harry Potter is so interesting a book that _________(lot) of teenagers like to read it.
9. My mother is busy _______(clean)the house .
10. How many _______(time)have you been to Beijing?
【参考答案】
I. 英汉词组互译。

1. help with
2.另外,此外
3. (be) on business
4. 做某事有困难
5.feel lonely
6.长大
7. out of date 8. 对某人有耐心9.have no interest in
10. 准备做某事11. look after/take care of 12. 与某人交流
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。

1. abroad
2. decision
3. shared
4.expect
5. alone
6. mind
7. date
8. relationship
9. either10. daughter
III.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.don’t , can
2.awake
3.personal
4.interest
5. to swim
6. suggestion
7.attracted
8. lots
9.cleaning10. times
句式精讲
1. I don’t think my mother understand me.
“… think”后所加的从句是宾语从句,意为“……认为……”。

例如:
I think he is a good boy. 我认为他是一个好孩子。

【拓展】
(1) 当think后接的宾语从句为含有not的否定句时,该否定应移至主句,即否定主句的谓语动词。

例如:
I don’t think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天不会下雨。

I don’t think you are right. 我认为你不对。

(2) …think后经常用it作形式宾语,即“… think it(形式宾语) + adj. + for sb. + 动词不定式”意为
“某人认为……如何”。

例如:
Do you think it useful for us to read more books? 你认为我们多读书有用吗?
2. Because she makes me go to bed when I’m wide awake.
make sb. do sth. 意为“使某人做某事”,此句式是省略to的不定式,如果用在被动句式中要还原to。

Don’t make the baby cry anymore. 不要再让婴儿哭了。

He was made to wait for over an hour. 他被迫等了一个多小时。

【拓展】
类似make这种用法的动词还有:have,let,notice,see,feel等。

She was seen to go into the classroom. 有人看见她进了教室。

3. But I feel lonely when my parents are away from home.
(1) feel作实义动词,意为“感觉,感到”。

例如:
She could feel the alcohol, even this small amount of it.
她能感觉到那酒精的作用,尽管量是这么少。

(2) feel作系动词,意为“摸起来,感觉”,后接形容词作表语。

例如:
Dinner smells good. 晚饭闻起来很香。

【拓展】
(1) 类似smell作系动词的词还有:look(看上去);smell(闻起来);sound(听起来);taste(品尝)等。

例如:
The music sounds beautiful. 这首音乐听起来很美。

The food tastes good. 食物尝上去很香。

【注意】
smell和look等系动词不同于系动词be,它们在变疑问句或否定句时不能简单地提到主语之前或加not,而是要通过助动词do/does/ did等来帮助实现。

例如:
Does it smell nice? 它闻起来很好吗?
The chicken doesn’t taste good. 鸡肉尝起来不好。

How do the children look? 孩子们看起来怎么样?
4. So be patient with them.
(1) patient作形容词,意为“有耐心的, 能忍受的”。

常有如下表达:
be patient of 能忍受
be patient with 对……有耐心
be patient to do sth. 有耐心干某事
例如:
He’s a very patient man. 他是个很有耐心的人。

They had to be patient of hunger. 他们只得忍受饥饿。

The teacher is patient with every student.
这位老师对每一个学生都很耐心。

We also urge fans to be patient to allow the football match to continue.
我们也迫切希望球迷们能够耐心的让比赛继续进行下去。

(2) patient作名词,意为“病人”。

例如:
The doctor is very patient with his patients.
那位医师对病人十分耐心。

5. No smoking.
“No +名词/动名词”可以构成禁止性的警示语,常用来表达“禁止做某事”,其后不可接宾语。

例如:
No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No parking! 禁止停车!
No photos! 禁止拍照!No visitors! 谢绝参观!
【拓展】其他表示“禁止”的方式:
(1) 否定的祈使句同样可以用来表示“禁止……;不要……”。

例如:
Don’t shout. 不要喊叫!
Don’t make any noise. 不要吵闹。

肯定的祈使句也可以表示“禁止”,但要靠谓语动词来表示。

例如:
Stop talking! 不准说话!
(2) 情态动词mustn’t可以表达“禁止”的概念。

例如:
You mustn’t take photographs of the exhibits in the museum.
博物馆中不得给展品拍照。

You mustn’t tell it to anyone.
你绝不可以告诉任何人。

(3) can’t 可以表示“不能,不会”,也可以表示“不允许”,因此可以用来表示制止某人做某事。

例如:
You can’t make any noise in the hospital.
你不能在医院里吵闹。

(4) You aren’t allowed to…句型也可以用来表示制止对方做某事。

例如:
You are not allowed to touch the exhibits.
不允许你触摸展品。

句式精练
I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。

1. The room is so large that it can hold one hundred people.(改为同义句)
The room is _______enough ______ ______one hundred people.
2. The text is so easy that a child can understand it. (改为同义句)
The text is ______ enough ______ ______ ______to understand.
3. You ha ve passed the examination. He is glad… (合成宾语从句)
He is glad ______ _______ ______ ______the examination.
4. Did they stay up too late last night? She’d like to know…(合成宾语从句) She’d like to know _______ ______ _______ ______too late last night.
5. What do they do with the old books? Can you tell me…? (合成宾语从句)
Can you tell me _______ ________ _______ _______ the old books?
6. He works very hard, _______ ________? (改为反意疑问句)
7. There’re a lot of rats in the hole, ______ _______?(改为反意疑问句)
8. He’s never h ad such a good apple before, ______ _______?(改为反意疑问句)II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。

1.父母亲分享我的喜悦和悲哀。

My parents _________ joys and sorrows _________ me.
2.你被期待在圣诞晚会上扮演圣诞老人。

You _______ _______ _______ play Santa Claus at the Christmas party.
3.你出过国吗?
Have you ever _______ _______?
4.我将出差去波士顿。

I’m going to Boston _______ ________.
5.当父母不在家时我觉得很孤单。

I _______ _______ when my parents are away from home.
6.你理应按时到校。

You _______ _______ ________ get to school on time.
7.这个女孩对理科不感兴趣。

The girl _______ _______ _______ _______ science.
8.她和她妹妹关系非常亲密。

She has a very _______ _______ with her sister.
9.如果你在会上提出这个问题,我将支持你。

If you raise the question at the meeting,I’ll ________ you.
10.不是你错了就是我错了。

_______ you ________ I am wrong.
III. 补全对话。

(2015 天津中考)
A: Hi, Betty. What are you going to do?
B: Hi, Lingling! 1
A: Oh, I have just come from there?
B: 2
A: Yes. There will be an English speaking competition next Friday.
B: 3
A: Life in the Future.
B: That’s a good topic. 4
A: Yes, I’d like t o. I think I can practise my spoken English. What about you?
B: Oh, you know, I am shy. I am afraid I can’t speak in public.
A: 5 If you keep on practising, you will be successful.
B: I will think about it. Thank you very much.
【参考答案】
I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。

1. large, to hold
2.easy, for a child
3. that you have passed
4. if they stayed up
5. what they do with
6. doesn’t he
7. aren’t there
8. has he
II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。

1.share,with 2.are expected to 3.been abroad 4.on business 5.feel lonely 6.are supposed to 7.has no interest in 8.close relationship 9.support 10.Either,or III. 补全对话。

1-5 BDGEA。

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