庐山英文介绍

庐山英文介绍
庐山中文介绍庐山位于长江中游南岸江西省九江市南，中国第一大淡水湖鄱阳湖滨，是座地垒式断块山。

相传在周朝时有匡氏七兄弟上山修道，结庐为舍，由此而得名。

自古享有“匡庐奇秀甲天下”之盛誉。

大山、大江、大湖浑然一体，险峻与柔丽相济，素以“雄、奇、险、秀”闻名于世。

是中国名山之一，有雄奇挺秀的山峰，变幻莫测的云海，神奇多姿的流泉瀑布，文明悠久的历史古迹。

庐山区长约25公里，宽约20公里，最高峰汉阳峰海拔1474米，牯岭街1167米，巍巍的庐山，远看有如一山飞峙大江边，近看千峰携手紧相连，横看铁壁钢墙立湖岸，侧看擎天一柱耸云间，正如宋代大文豪苏东坡诗云：“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同，不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中。

”庐山的地形成因是断裂隙起的断块山，周围断层颇多，特别是东南部和西北部，呈东北——西
南走向的断层规模较大，由于这种断层块构造而形成的山体，故多奇峰峻岭，悬崖峭壁，千姿百态，有的浑圆如华盖，有的绵延似长城；有的高摩天穹，有的俯瞰波涛，有的象船航巷海，有的如龟行大地，雄伟状观、气象万千。

山地的周围则满布着断崖峭壁，峙谷幽深；但从牯岭街至汉阳峰及其他山峰的相对高度却不大，走伏较小，谷地宽广，形成“外陡里平”的奇特地形，极便于旅游。

庐山处于亚热带季风区，雨量充沛、气候温和宜人，盛夏季节是高悬于长江中下游“热海中”的“凉岛”。

庐山的年降水量可达1950—2000毫米，而山下的九江则为1400毫米左右，故山中温差大，云雾多，千姿百态，变幻无穷。

有时山巅高出云层之上，从山下看山上，庐山云天飘渺，时隐时现，宛如仙境；从山上往山下看，脚下则云海茫茫，有如腾云驾雾一般。

有时山上暗无天日，山下则是细雨飘飞，情趣异常。

这样的自然条件，使得庐山植物生长茂盛，植被丰富，随着海拔高度的增加，地表水热状况垂直分布，由山麓到山顶分别生长着常绿阔叶林，常绿及落叶阔叶混交林。

据不完全统计，庐山植物有210科、735属、1720种，分为温带、热带、亚热带、东亚、北美和我国7个类型，是一座天然的植物园。

庐山主要风景名胜有五老峰、三叠泉、含鄱口、芦林湖、大天池、花径、如琴湖、锦绣谷、仙人洞、小天池、东林寺、白鹿洞书院、庐山植物园、庐山博物院等。

牯岭镇是庐山上一座奇特的山城，也是庐山风景名胜区的游览中心。

庐山富有独特的庐山文化，具有重要的科学价值与美学价值。

庐山风景名胜区面积302平方千米，外围保护地带500平方千米。

庐山有独特的第四纪冰川遗迹，有河流、湖泊、坡地、山峰等多种地貌类型，有地质公园之称。

庐山地区地质构造复杂，形迹明显，展现出地壳变化的主要过程。

第四纪庐山上升强烈，许多断裂构造形成众多山峰。

庐山上升之际，周围相对下陷，鄱阳湖盆地进一步发展，形成鄱阳湖。

北部以褶曲构造为主要特征，形成一系列谷岭地貌；南部和西北部则为一系列断层崖，形成高峻的山峰。

山地中分布着宽谷和峡谷，外围则发育为阶地和谷阶。

众多的奇峰、怪石、壑谷、瀑布、岩石等，形成了奇特瑰丽的山岳景观。

大汉阳峰，海拔1474米，为庐山第一高峰。

铁船峰，海拔950米，危崖耸立，似一艘巨舰，伟岸壮观。

王家坡双瀑，飞瀑成双，势若二龙倚天，喷珠泻玉。

三叠泉，既分为三叠，又呵成一气，落差达155米，风飘日映，千姿百态。

庐山是中国古代教育基地和宗教中心。

白鹿洞书院创建于公元940年，居中国古代四大书院之首。

宋代理学大师朱熹在此提出的教育思想成为中国古代教育的准则，在世界教育史上也有重要影响。

公元391年，佛教领袖慧远建立东林寺，是中国最早的寺庙园林。

慧远在庐山活动了36年，创建净土法门，使庐山成为中国南方的佛教中心。

公元5世纪，南朝道士陆修静在庐山开创道教南天师派。

唐代马祖
道在山上开创佛叫临济宗和沩仰宗，影响极大。

到宋代，庐山有寺庙多达361座。

明清以后，伊斯兰教、基督教、天主教也在庐山建堂传教。

经过1600年的发展，庐山已形成一山兼聚五教的罕见现象。

庐山有至今保存完好的国际别墅群落。

庐山是中外闻名的避暑胜地，现有英、美、德、法等18个国家建筑风格的别墅600余栋。

美庐别墅、原歇尔曼别墅、原威廉斯别墅等已成为国家文物保护单位。

在中国的名山中，唯有庐山有这样大规模的“世界村”。

庐山于1996年被列为世界遗产名录。

中国旅游Chinese Travel / 自然风光Naturescene Lushan National Park
Lushan Mountain is located in the northern part of Jiangxi Province, to the south of the Y angtze River and northwest of the Poyang Lake. According to records, it has a history of more than 2,000 years. The scenic area, covering 302 square kilometers, houses 16 natural wonders, 474 scenic spots and 171 peaks, of which the highest peak, the Dahanyang Peak, is 1,474 meters above sea level.
The scenery in Lushan Mountain scenic area is breathtaking. It is full of sheer peaks and precipices, changeable clouds and fogs, silver springs and flying waterfalls. The flora is diverse and comprises about 3,000 species. Features of glaciation during the Quaternary Period make Lushan Mountain even more mysterious. There are millions of migratory birds in the Poyang Lake area. The dancing of the largest number of cranes over the water makes it a world wonder.
White Deer Cave Academy in Mt. Lushan
Lushan Mountain abounds in historic and cultural relics. The great historian of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), Sima Qian, once climbed Lushan Mountain, and wrote about it in his classic The Records of the Great Historian. Bailudong Shuyuan (White Deer Cave Academy) was the most famous of the four biggest academies in ancient China, and enjoys high prestige in the Chinese history of education. The Donglin Temple (East Grove Temple), built by eminent monks in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was the birthplace of the Jintu (Pure Earth) Sect of Buddhism. More than 1,500 noted figures in history visited this Mountain, leaving behind some 4,000 pieces of verse and over 900 inscriptions on the cliffs, as well as other writings, prints and calligraphic works. There are about 600 villas here, with the styles of 18 nations and cultures.
-- Cultural Heritage
According to legend, Dayu (the Great Y u), who conquered devastating floods in primeval times, visited Lushan Mountain. Qin (221-206BC) Emperor Shihuang also visited the mountain when he toured the south. Poets and scholars of every dynasty were attracted to Lushan Mountain and inspired to compose numerous works. Among them were Tao Qian of the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), Li Bai and Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Su Shi, Zhou Dunyi, Zhu Xi and Li Shizhen of the Song Dynasty (960-1279), and Xu Xiake of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).
-- Natural Heritage
Ice-klin of Lulin - quaternary glacial remains
Lushan Mountain features geological structures of every period except the Triassic Period. It has unique evidence of glaciation during the Quaternary Period and is the birthplace of China's glaciological theory. Though complicated, the geological structure can be clearly traced. Lushan Mountain is a Fault Mountain formed in the Quaternary Period. When it rose, the surrounding land sank, and the Poyang Basin eventually developed into the Poyang Lake. The many grotesque rocks, towering peaks an d cascading waterfalls constitute a spectacular Mountain landscape. With frequent fog and mist, Lushan Mountain has cool summers. It also has typical flora and fauna.
-- Villas
Meilu Villa
The modern villas are quite a sight on Lushan Mountain. Each villa is an individual building complex with unique style and structure, including styles of Rome- and Gothic- churches, Japanese building and Islamic Mosque. The architects tended to build the villas in shady places, and pursued a natural and casual style. It is this style that enables the villas to be well integrated with the natural scenery. The modern villas on Lushan Mountain, mostly one or two-storied, though in clusters, are less densely located and decorated with trees all around, which is a pleasing picture to the eye. The villa complex is simple and natural in style. Each is like a distinctive geometric figure. Y ou could hardly find two villas that resemble each other.
Lushan Mountain was elected to the "World Heritage List" in 1996. Owing to its congenial climate, it is also a popular summer resort in China.。