Book 5 Unit 3 Period 5 Grammar

Book 5 Unit 3 Period 5 Grammar
一、学习目标
1.理解语法：过去分词在句中作状语和定语
2. 能独立完成涉及过去分词用法的练习题，并能活用于书面表达。

二、学法指导
1. 认真阅读导学案，领会过去分词作状语和定语的用法。

2. 独立完成自测试题，再通过小组讨论、讲解等方式理解每道题考点和原因。

三、知识链接
一、过去分词作状语时的特征
作状语的过去分词具有副词的特征，一般用于修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即谓语所表示的动作发生时的背景状况
(1)过去分词作状语可表示时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、让步等。

(2)过去分词作状语，通常情况下其逻辑主语是句子的主语，它们之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系，且分词动
作往往已经完成。

(3)作状语的过去分词大多可以转化成相应的状语从句或者并列分句。

1. 过去分词作时间状语时，可转换为when，while或after等引导的时间状语从句。

Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful. =When it is seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful．从山顶往下看，这座城镇看起来更加漂亮。

2. 过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。

Given more time, I can finish the work on time. =If I am given more time, I can finish the work on time.
多给点时间，我就能按时完成工作。

3. 过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since、because或as引导的原因状语从句，多放在句子前半部分。

Encouraged by his dream, the student works harder=As he is encouraged by his dream, the student works harder.
由于受到梦想的激励，那个学生更加勤奋地学习。

4. 过去分词作让步状语时，可转换为although，though或even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。

Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.=Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. 尽管被对手击败，但是他从没放弃希望。

5. 过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。

The president of the company came to the factory, followed by some workers. =The president of the company
came to the factory, and he was followed by some workers. 公司总经理在几位工人的陪同下来到工厂。

【注意】过去分词作时间、条件或让步状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在过去分词前加上when，while，if，once, unless, although等连词，即我们通常所说的状语从句的省略。

二、过去分词作状语时在句中的位置
过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。

1. Given more attention, the tree can grow better. （表条件）如果给予更多的关注，这棵树会长得更好。

2. Exhausted by the journey，he soon fell asleep．（表原因）由于旅途劳累，他很快就睡着了。

3. Warned of the danger, he still paid little attention to it. （表让步）尽管被警告了危险，但是他仍然不怎么在意。

4. The old man walked into the room，supported by his son．（表方式）老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。

三、过去分词的独立结构
过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构，过去分词的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。

1.Extra money given to the poor, he felt very happy．=Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very
happy．（表原因）又给了那个穷人一些钱后，他感到很高兴。

2.All things considered, we should follow his advice. = If all things were considered, we should follow his advice.
（表条件）综合考虑起来，我们应该遵从他的建议。

3.The composition finished, he decided to go out for a walk．
= After the composition was finished, he decided to go out for a walk．
（表时间）写完作文后，他决定出去散步。

四、过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作已经完成。

单个的过去分词作
定语,通常置于被修饰的词的前面,而分词短语作定语,则须置于被修饰词的后面。

1. 前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语, 通常放在被修饰的名词之前, 表示被动和完成意义。

an honored guest一位受尊敬的客人the injured workers受伤的工人
a retired teacher 一位退休的教师the fallen leaves落叶
2. 后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时, 通常放在被修饰的名词之后, 它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.
=This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written.
四、自测试题
I. Rewrite the sentences..
1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
→___________________________, I was unsettled for the first few days.
2. As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
→______________________________, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
3. As I was exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
→_____________, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
4. When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense.
→_________________________________, he became tense.
5. If we were given more time, we could do the job better.
→________________________, we could do the job better.
6. United we stand, divided we fail.
→_________________________________________________
7. Asked what had happened, he told us about it.
→________________ what had happened, he told us about it.
8. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→___________________________________________ , he received many invitations to give lectures.
9. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
→_______________________, we would be able to do the work much better.
10. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
→______________________________, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
11. He worked as a worker building roads.
→He worked as a worker __________________________________.
12.This is a picture painted by my father.
→This is a picture ______________________________________
13. I know the young man sleeping on the bench.
→I know the young man ______________________________________
14. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
→The letter _____________________________will reach him tomorrow.
II. Choose the best answer.
1．_____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing
B. Having lost
C. Lost
D. To lose
2. If _____ the same treatment again, he’s sure to get well.
A. giving
B. give
C. given
D. being give
3. _____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Founded
B. It was
C. Being founded
D. Founding
4. ______ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
5. ______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Given
6. _______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed
B. To dress
C. Dressing
D. Having dressed
7. Unless ______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
8. _____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given.
9. The computer center, ____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
10. The first textbooks _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
11. The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be playing
12. What’s the language ___ in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
13. Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. had been invited
14.The computer centre, ___ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
五、当堂检测
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the words.
1. I like reading the novels ______ (write ) by Zhang Ailing.
2. The girl ______ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin.
3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _______ (repair).
4. I want the doors of my new house ______ (paint) white.
5. There was a ________ (surprise) look on his face.
6. He was ______ (excite) at the good news.
7. The story was so ______ (move) that he was ______ (move) to tears.
8. ______ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us.
9 .I found my school bag ____ (leave) in Mary’s room
10. ________ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.
11._______ (give) more time, I’ll finish my work on time.
12. Compared with _________ (develop) countries, we still have a long way to go.
13.. The English teacher entered the room, _________ (follow) by his students 14.. The teach buildings _____ (build) in 1960 need repairing.
II. Choose the verbs below and use them correctly to fill in the blanks
The alien mumus come from a planet ______ Dentol. ____________ by their disappearing habitat, there are only a few hundred mumus left. Each mumu is very intelligent with a big head _______ at the top. They can talk in a “click” language ______ only to themselves. With a kind heart, they wander around their planet in a happy dream. Having once ______ in love, a mumu will stay with his/her partner for life. When a mumu’s partner dies, the other will be left
_________ only by his/his sweet memories. _________ of living alone, the survivors often dies soon after.
III. Complete the sentences using V-ed form.
(1) ________________________,this article is not very good. (write)
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。

(2) ____________________________, he was very satisfied. (satisfy)
工作提前完成了，他非常满意。

(3) The professor walked into the classroom, ____________________________.(follow)
教授走进了教室，学生跟在身后。

(4) ________________________, the chance w on’t come again. （lose）
这样的机会一旦失去了，恐怕不会再来了。

(5) He sat there ,__________________________________.(stare)
他静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。

(6) the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.(worry)
为旅程担心，在开始的几天我感到不安。

(7) , the museum is almost 100 years old.(build)
博物馆是1910年建成的，现在差不多100岁了。

(8)____________________________ , the girl did n’t dare to sleep alone. (frighten)
由于被老虎吓到了，这个女孩不敢独自睡觉。

IV. Correct the mistakes in the sentences.
1.I sat before the desk until after midnight, absorbing in writing.
2.Knowing as one of the most important inventions of the time, the computer inventions of the time, the computer helps
people living in different countries to do a lot of things.
3.I’d like to have this package to weigh, madam.
4.When exposing to danger and conflict, people tend to increase blood pressure.
5.Determining to get a ticket of the concert, he didn’t mind standing in a long queue.
日清反思。