中考15人教版初中英语考点十五 简单句(祈使句与感叹句) 口语

中考15人教版初中英语考点十五简单句（祈使句与感叹句）口语
初中英语知识第十五讲简单句
Lesson 15
It is more than three years since began to study English.At first,I found it quite difficult .I couldn`t pronounce well,spell the words correctly,or remember the rules of grammar.With the help of my teachers and classmates,I had made much progress.Now I`m going well with my English. Three years study has taught me that one can`t study English well without hard work.We must do more listening and speaking,both in and out of class,and do more reading and writing as well.That is “Practice makes perfect”.
讲义纲要：1、本讲课程主要涉及祈使句和感叹句的相关知识及考点；
2、教学任务：掌握初中阶段祈使句和感叹句的考点知识。

知识概况：1、祈使句的含义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫
做祈使句。

祈使句对象（主语）是第二人称。

祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用感叹号或句号来表示结束。

2、
知识站点：
一、祈使句
祈使句的含义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。

祈使句对象（主语）是第二人称。

祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用感叹号或句号来表示结束。

祈使句的用法
二、
高频考向二感叹句
用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子，叫感叹句。

感叹句由what或how引导，具体用法如
（一）What: 在使用过程中，常用的句型有：
1．What + a / an +adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他成分！
例如: What a strong boy he is! 他是多么壮的一个小伙子啊！
What an honest girl Mary is!玛丽是一个多么诚实的小女孩啊！
2．What +adj.+可数名词复数+主语+谓语+其他成分！
例如: What brave soldiers they are!这些士兵们真勇敢啊！
What fine weather it is today! 今天的天气真不错啊！
3．What +adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！
例如: What good news (it is)!
（二）How:在使用过程中，常用的句型有：
1．How + adj.+ a / an +名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！
例如: How exciting a football match it is! 多么振奋人心的一场球赛啊！
How kind an old man he is! 他是一位多么善良的老人啊！
2．How + adj./adv.+ 主语+谓语+其他成分！
例如: How tall Yao Ming is! 姚明真高啊！
How fast the dragonfly flies! 蜻蜓飞得真快啊！
3．How + 主语+谓语！
例如： How time flies!
（三）一些特殊形式
1.在陈述句、祈使句、或疑问句句尾加感叹号变成感叹句，表示某种强烈的感情！
He eats so much!
Do read it carefully!
2.用一个词或词组表示强烈的感情的句子也是感叹句。

Great!
Wonderful!
Look out!
二、感叹句中应注意的问题
1. What在感叹句中作定语，用于修饰名词，名词前可有形容词或冠词；
How在感叹句中作状语，用于修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子。

例如：
What a foolish boy he is!
= How foolish a boy he is!
2. 感叹句中的主语、谓语通常可以省略。

例如：
What a nice girl ( she is ) !
How handsome ( he is ) !
3. What感叹句中可数名词单数前一般为不定冠词a/an，而不用the。

转换成how感叹句是，该名词前一般用定冠词the，以表示特指。

例如：
What a big fish it is! = How big the fish is!
What dear meat it is! = How dear the meat is!
随堂训练：
选择题
一、祈使句
（）1、That knife is extremely sharp! you don't cut yourself．
A．Mind B．Minding C．To mind D．Minded
（）2、All of you at the school gate! We'll soon start．
A．will gather B．gather C．will be gathering D．are gathering
（）3．smiling and one day life will get tired of upsetting you．A．T o keep B．Keeping C．Keep D．Having kept
（）4．Every time at the door before you enter my room，please．A．knocked B．knocking C．knock D．to knock
（）5．Cindy，to be here at 8 o’clock．
A． is sure B．is sure that
C．will be sure D．be sure
二、感叹句
（）1．— Look at the photo I took in Jinghong, Yunnan Province. _______ the Dai people were having!
— Wow! They were celebrating the Water Festival.
A. What fun
B. How fun
C. What a fun
D. How a fun
（）2．— Look at the photo, Yunnan Province. the Dai people were having!
— Wow! They were celebrating the Water Festival.
A. What fun
B. How fun
C. What a fun
D. How a fun
（）3． ______ fine weather it is today!
A. What a
B. How a
C. What
D. How
（）4．---____ enjoyable day it is！Sha ll we go on a picnic? ----Good idea.
A. How
B. What
C. What a
D. What an
（）5． water it is!
A.What a clean
B.What clean
C.How clean
D. How clean a
（）6．________ fine weather today! Why not go out for a walk?
A. How
B. How a
C. What
D. What a
（）7． it was yesterday because of the storm!
A. What a bad weather
B. What bad weather
C. How bad a weather
D. How bad weather
（）8．一Look! That teacher is explaining something to her students again and again!
一_______teacher she is!
A. How patient
B. What patient
C. How a patient
D. What a patient
（）9． _______ dangerous the animals are！
A. What a
B. What
C. How a
D. How
（）10．_______ great fun it is to fly in a saloon !
A. What
B. What a
C. How a
D. How
（）11．—I hear they took ____ active part in the school sports meeting.
—_____ good boys they are!
A.a; What a
B. an; How
C. an; What
D. How a
（）12． hard Tony is working!
A. What
B. How
C. What a
D. How a
（）13．_______ dangerous the animals are！
A. What a
B. What
C. How a
D. How
（）14． _____ day it is! -Let’s go out and enjoy the sunshine.
A. How windy
B. How wet
C. What a lovely
D. What a rainy
（）15．—_______ brave Zhang Hua is!—Yes. He helped his neighbour, Mrs. Sun out of the fire.
A.What a
B. How a
C. How
D. What
（）16． ____great progress you have made! Your mother must be satisfied with you .
A. What a
B. What
C.How a
D. How.
（）17．— Look at the photo I took in Yunnan Province. ______ the Dai people were having!— Wow! They were celebrating the Water Festival.
A. What fun
B. How fun
C. What a fun
D. How a fun
（）18．_____beautiful the flowers are!
A.What
B.What a
C.How
D. .How a
（）19．——Hurry up! It’s time to leave.
—— Ok, _______.
A. I’m coming
B. I’ll come
C. I come
D.I have been coming
（）20．—______ city Rio de Janeiro in Brazil is！
—Yes. The 3lst Olympic Games will be held there.
A. How lively
B. What busy
C. How a big
D. What a beautiful
（）21．--- nice weather it is today!
--- Yes, shall we go walking in the park this afternoon?
A .What an B. How C. What D. How an
（）22．________ food you've cooked!
A. How a nice
B. What a nice
C. How nice
D. What nice
（）23．_______ beautiful house it is!
A．What B．How C．What a D How a
（）24．— Look at the photo I took in Chiang Mai, Yunnan Province. ____ the Dai people were having!
— Wow! They were celebrating the Water Festival.
A. What fun
B. How fun
C. What a fun
D. How a fun
（）25．_______ fine weather it is !
A. How
B. How a
C. What
D. What a
（）26．______ hard work you have done! -It’s ve ry kind of you to say so.
A．What B．Who C．What a D．How a
（）27． Don't give up, Tom. You haven't realized ______ great progress you've made!
A. what
B. what a
C. how
D. how a
（）28．“ ____________ you’ve made! But you should still work harder,” the teacher said to the boy.
A.What great progress
B. How a big mistake
C. What a big mistake
D. How great progress
（）29．______ terrible world it would be if there were no electricity !
—That's why we have to save it.
A. What a
B. How a
C. What
D. How
（）30．----_________ great progress you’re made ! Congratulations !
---- Thank you !
A．What B． What a C．How D. How
语音训正：
辅音/m/ /n/ /ŋ/的例句
1. Many hands make light work.
众人拾柴火焰高。

2. No pain, no gain.
不劳无获。

3. Nothing brave, nothing have.
不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．为提升南京城市形象，我市已启动老小区出新改造工程。

假设你是 Tim，请根据下面表格内容的提示，用英文向你的外国笔友 Jack 做简单的介绍。

注意：
1.文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；
2.语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；
3 词数 80 左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Hi, Jack! I am Tim. Today I will tell you something about the project “Renovation of the old communities” in Nanjing.
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
【答案】Hi, Jack! I am Tim. Today I will tell you something about the project “Renovation of the old communities” in Nanjing. This project is aim to improve the environment. After this project, there will be more beautiful buildings, some parks and a big shopping store. Our life will be more convenient. But there are some problems which influence our life. For example, lots of noise is around us all day long, and we can see the building rubbish anywhere. In my opinion, the project
team only work in daytime and the building rubbish can be put at a fixed place. Of course, everyone in the old communities can do what they can do to renovate our communities.
【解析】
【分析】
这篇书面表达是描述老社区改造工程，话题较新。

【详解】
这是篇材料作文，所给的内容要点给的比较零碎，不完整，所以考生需要结合实际情况补充完整，是文章内容充实。

在写作时，首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，这样才可以更好的驾驭。

同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体。

3．书面表达
假定你今天是英语课上的值日生，请根据表中信息完成主题为“班级新闻”的值日报告。

要求：（1）报告必须包括表中全部内容，可适当增加细节，但不要逐条翻译；
（2）报告的开头和结尾已给出（不计入总词数），你只需接着写；
（3）词数在80-100左右。

参考词汇：捐赠 donate 希望工程 the Project Hope
Hello, Everyone! Here are some important things that happened this week.
____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ That’s all, thank you.
【答案】Hello, Everyone! Here are some important things that happened this week. Let me tell you something about the speech contest. My classmate- Lijia has kept practicing spoken English these days. With the help of the teacher, she worked so hard that she won the first place in the English speech contest on Wednesday afternoon.
And now let’s talk about the good things that happened in our class. 200 books, 50 school bags
and 4200 yuan were donated for the project Hope. In addition, Li Ming got ill on Monday and our monitor sent him to the hospital in person.
Our colorful school life brings us so much happiness that we will remember the days forever. That’s all, thank you!
【解析】
【详解】
本题是一篇材料作文，假定你今天是英语课上的值日生，请根据表中信息完成主题为“班级新闻”的值日报告。

本文人称主要是第一和第三人称，使用的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和一般将来时，一定注意时态的转换。

认为阅读材料，认真审题，确定主题，提示要点就是本文的提纲要点，根据要点适当发挥，列出提纲。

短文必须包含所给要点，，条理清楚，字数80-100左右。

要运用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有连贯性。

写完以后，注意再读一遍，看看有无单词拼写、标点、语法错误（时态、主谓一致等）。

本文提纲：
大家好！以下是本周发生的一些重要事件。

我来告诉你一些演讲比赛的情况。

我的同学李佳这些天一直在练习口语。

在老师的帮助下，她努力工作，在周三下午的英语演讲比赛中获得了第一名。

现在我们来谈谈我们班上发生的好事。

为“希望工程”捐赠了200本书、50个书包和4200元。

另外，李明周一生病，班长亲自送他去医院。

我们丰富多彩的学校生活带给我们如此多的幸福，我们将永远记住这些日子。

就这些，谢谢！
【点睛】
书面表达要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。

考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

语言要规范，时态运用要正确，叙述清楚条里，学习中注意总结，牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章的表达更有逻辑性，更富有条理。

注意书写的规范：大小写、标点符号等的正确运用。

注意检查：单词拼写、语法、动词时态、语序、主谓一致等。

写作六步法：1.审题：文体，时态，人称。

2.抓住要点：要点是否齐全，适当补充。

3.扩充句子：通过增加状语，定语，连词，使句子意思饱满充实。

4.连句成文，合理使用连词。

5.改正错误：拼写是否错误，语法时态是否正确，连词是否恰当等。

6.誊写作文：注意书写工整美观整洁。

4．书面表达
生活中好友间也会因各种原因闹些小矛盾，当你与朋友间产生不愉快后，你会如何处理此类问题呢？请根据以下提示点谈谈你的想法。

1. 上周日，你的好友Lisa，弄丢了你最心爱的图书，这是妈妈送给你的生日礼物；
2. 但是Lisa并没有因此而道歉，你很难过；
3. 你喜欢阅读，认为读书可以开阔眼界，所以你很珍惜自己的每一本书籍；
4. 接下来你打算……参考词汇：cherish珍惜open up one’s eyes开阔眼界
要求：
1. 字数80-100个；
2. 开头已经给出不计入总词数；
3. 要点齐全，行为连贯，适当发挥。

When I have trouble with my best friend
There are always problems around us, even between close friends. Let me tell you something about myself. Last Sunday.
_______________________________________________________________________________ ______
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】When I have trouble with my best friend
There are always problems around us, even between close friends. Let me tell you something about myself. Last Sunday my best friend Lisa lost my favourite book that was a birthday present from my mother. The book is very meaningful for me. What’s more, she didn’t apologize to me about this, I felt quite sad. I love reading, because it can open up our eyes and increase our knowledge. I cherish every book of mine and they are my treasure.
So I am going to have a serious talk with Lisa in order to tell her my true feelings. I think we can buy a new one and read it together. In fact, understanding is the most important thing between friends.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇材料作文。

【详解】
根据题干“生活中好友间也会因各种原因闹些小矛盾，当你与朋友间产生不愉快后，你会如何处理此类问题呢？”要求可知，本文用一般过去时，人称用第一人称。

英语作文一般分为三个部分：
第一部分：开篇点题——我将介绍和好友闹矛盾的一件事情。

第二部分：文章主体——具体介绍这件事情的始末。

根据事情发展顺序，从先到后交代事情的经过，我做了什么，为什么会和好友有矛盾。

这些内容用一般过去时，注意动词的过去式变形。

1. 上周日，你的好友Lisa，弄丢了你最心爱的图书，这是妈妈送给你的生日礼物；
2. 但是Lisa并没有因此而道歉，你很难过；
3. 你喜欢阅读，认为读书可以开阔眼界，所以你很珍惜自己的每一本书籍；
4. 接下来你打算……
第三部分：总结全文——好友之间应该互相理解。

5．假如你是李雷，你的英国笔友David发邮件向你咨询如何学好汉语。

请根据提示和要求用英语给David回复邮件。

要求：1.除上图所给提示外，再写出两条如何学好汉语的建议；
2.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名；
3.字数80词左右。

邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear David,
I’m glad to receive your email. Here’s some advice on how to learn Chinese well.
Best wishes.
Yours， Li Lei
【答案】Dear David,
I’m glad to receive your email. Here’s some advice on how to learn Chinese well.
It’s a good idea to watch movies. You’ll find it helpful to improve your listening skills. Reading always plays a key role in language learning, so do more reading in your spare time.
In my opinion, you’d better make more Chinese friends. They’ll be glad to lend you a hand and it provides a good chance for you to learn about Chinese culture. It’s a wise choice to use your cell phone, which allows you to use apps, QQ or WeChat to learn Chinese.
Practice makes perfect, so do remember to keep practicing every day!
Follow the advice, and I’m sure you can learn Chinese well!
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Lei
【解析】这是一篇提纲作文，让考生给英国笔友David写封回信，就如何才能学好中文给出建议。

这需要我们发挥英语思维，将提供的信息用英语完整流畅的表达出来。

写作需要用第二人称，时态主要是一般现在时，内容要点包括：观看中文电影；阅读；另外至少再写出两条建议，可自由发挥，如：学唱中文歌曲，交中国朋友，利用手机，应用程序，QQ 或微信来学习中文等等。

建议信要写出写信的原因、建议的内容及提出建议的理由和根据，理由要合情合理，语气一定要缓和，因此建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。

6．三年快乐而充实的初中生活结束了，你将进入高中(中职)学校学习。

展望未来，你对高中(中职)生活充满期待。

请以“I Expect My School Life”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。

文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。

要求：（1）内容要点：①生活、学习环境(餐厅，图书馆，运动场……)；②师生、同学关系；
③生活多彩、学业进步；④补充一点自己的想法。

（2）文章不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称；要点齐全，语言通顺，意思连贯，书写规范，可以适当发挥。

（3）提示词：get along with；colorful(adj.)；knowledge；habit
I Expect My School Life
I will study in a high school soon. Everything is new to me. ____________________________【答案】One possible version: （118 words）
I Expect My School Life
I will study in a high school soon. Everything is new to me.
I hope my school is big and clean with a large dinning room. And the library is full of different kinds of books. So I can read them in my spare time. I can get along well with my teachers and classmates. I can help each other with my classmates. At the same time, I expect my school life is colorful, after class I can listen to music, play chess and basketball. To get more useful knowledge or information, I can surf the Internet. I will keep a good eating habit. Do exercise often to stay in good spirits. Try my best to make great progress.
As long as I stick to it, I can achieve my dream.
【解析】
这是一篇给材料作文，题目中给出的材料较为齐全。

动笔前应根据材料内容组织语言，列出简单提纲，确定句子的时态，关键单词等问题。

写作中注意将以前的自己和现在的自己介绍清楚，并介绍一下自己的愿望。

根据材料内容可知本文主要是一般现在时态和将来时态，注意时态和主谓一致等问题。

写作中注意使用连词，做到上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系。

7．为配合学校“诚信教育”活动，学校英语报开展了以“Try to be honest”为主题的征文活动。

请你根据下面的内容提示，写一篇征文稿。

（1）列举你班同学存在的不诚实现象：抄作业，考试作弊，说谎话......;
（2）简述诚实的重要性，并用你的一次具体经历加以说明。

注意：（1）文中不得出现真实的人名和学校名称。

（2）词数100左右。

（3）短文首句仅供参考，不计入总数。

参考词汇：作弊cheat（v.）说谎tell a lie
Try to be honest
To be honest is one of the most treasured traditional values in China.____________________
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【答案】Try to be honest
To be honest is one of the most treasured traditional values in China. The children are taught to be honest when they are very young. At schools the students are also instructed to be honest. However, with the development of society, we often hear complaints about dishonesty. Reports with the theme of dishonesty often appear in the media. For example, some people try to get
rich and live a comfortable life. But they do not work hard honestly, instead they cheat others. They sell something quite ordinary at a very high price. Some people’s delaying paying back the loan can serve as another example. Some people, including some college students, get loan from the bank, and promise to pay within, say, 3 years. However, they don’t do that.
The dishonest people sometimes can get benefit from their behaviors. So some people assert that dishonesty can bring people benefit, while honesty only makes people suffer. Is that so? Definitely not. It is always true that honesty is the best policy. It pays to be honest. The cheater selling "the treasure" mentioned above will surely be disclosed and punished some day.
On the contrary, if he had been honest, neither the buyer nor he himself would have suffered. The people who do not return money in time will sooner or later become infamous, and will not get the money from others again. If he had acted differently, he would have earned respect and trust, meanwhile, the bank would not have suffered from loss.
【解析】这是一篇诚信征文，英语作文要注意人称和时态，注意提供的观点、材料，要注意句子的完整性，谓语动词的正确形式，句子之间的衔接和过渡。

英语作文，要忠实于材料，不必扩展，注意用好连词，多用非谓语，慎用较难的句型，一定不能写错句。

8．人类只有一个地球。

根据提示，以“Saving the Earth”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。

提示: 1.如何保护环境已成为世界最大难题之一；
2.各种污染破坏环境，损害健康；
3.不要乱倒垃圾，乱排废水；
4.我们应该保护环境，使我们的家园更加美丽。

【答案】Saving the Earth
The earth is our home. We should take care of it. But some things we have done are bad for the earth. We have polluted the earth and made it sick. We cut down too many trees and change rich land into desert. Many factories pour waste water into rivers and lakes. Pollution has caused some serious problems. For example, much of the land is poor, some rivers and lakes are dirty. Even the temperature of the earth is rising. The earth is crying for help.
What shall we do to save it? My suggestions are that we should plant more trees, put the rubbish into dustbins and stop factories from pouring waste water directly into rivers. After all, we have only one earth. We should do everything we can to protect it, or we’ll be punished and lose our home.
【解析】
试题分析：这是一篇给材料作文,动笔前首先要认真审题,弄清题意。

然后根据主题组织材料，确定写作内容。

写作中，应注意描述的全面性，尽量将提示的内容利用上；结合材料内容，可知本文主要是第一人称，一般现在时态进行叙述。

语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯。

适当使用连词，做到上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系。

【亮点说明】这篇短文包含了所有要点，能围绕内容要点适当发挥，内容具体、丰富。

应用了较丰富的语言结构和词汇，用词准确、句子通顺、行文连贯、表达清楚，具有较强的语言运用能力。

层次清晰，语言地道，主题鲜明，内容翔实，格式正确，结构紧凑。

使用了一些比较好的字句。

比如：one of the biggest problems in the world；such as比如；not only……but also……；We must try our best to……等。

学习中注意总结,牢记一些固定句式及短语,写作时就可以适当引用, 让文章更出彩。

考点：考查提纲类作文
9．近年来，随着智能手机的普及，越来越多的学生开始使用手机来完成家庭作业。

这引发了学生们是否喜欢用app学习的讨论，为此，英文报Teens 将在下期开设专栏讨论这一话题，你采访了一些同学，写了一篇题为“Would you like to study on apps?”的报道。

内容如下：
1.短文需包括所有内容要点，要求语句通顺，意思连贯；
2.省略号后展开合理想象；
3.词数90个左右，短文开头已经给出，不计入总词数；
4.短文必须写在答题卷对应的位置上，写在试卷其他部位无效。

Would you like to study on apps?
Smartphones are becoming more and more popular nowadays, more and more students like to use them to study.
【答案】Would you like to study on apps?
Smartphones are becoming more and more popular nowadays, more and more students like to use them to study. Students can often practice speaking English on phones. There are many exercises on apps, this makes it easier for us to learn by ourselves.
But other students don’t like to use them. Their eyesight has been worse since they used mobile phones. Also, they can’t help playing with other apps while studyi ng. This leads to bad results in their study.
I think it is useful for us to use mobile phones . I can learn more at home without paying much
money. But we should use them in a proper way.
【解析】
【详解】
阅读题干，这是属于看法类的作文，那么在写这类作文时，首先要分别写出支持和反对两方面的看法及原因，最后要说明自己的观点看法来进行总结。

亮点词汇短语：practice doing sth.练习做某事；learn by oneself自学；lead to导致；it is adj. for us to do sth对某人来说，做某事是怎样的；in a proper way以适当的方式。

亮点句型：
There are many exercises on apps, this makes it easier for us to learn by ourselves.应用程序上有很多练习，这使我们更容易自己学习。

Make it + adj.+ for sb to do sth.
Their eyesight has been worse since they used mobile phones. 自从他们使用手机以来，他们的视力变得更差了。

they can’t help playing with other apps while studying.他们在学习时忍不住玩其他的应用程序。

Can’t help doing sth情不自禁地做某事。