2018版高考英语二轮(专用)训练题：词句猜测题

专题限时集训(六) 阅读理解
训练6 词句猜测题
(对应学生用书第145页)
A
(2017·浙江温州高考模拟)
Do you feel lucky? You probably don't.You may think you've got where you are today through willpower and hard work.We tend to overlook luck's role，and this seems to get worse the richer we get; surveys show that the wealthiest are least likely to owe their fortune to good fortune.Many such people oppose taxation (税收) and government spending; why should others get a handout(救济品) if they don't need one？More often than not，they vote against the very policies that helped them get lucky to begin with.In a recent essay from The Atlantic，Robert Frank，an economist who has studied attitudes to chance，quoted(引用) E．B.White：“Luck is not something you can mention in the presence of self-made men．”
However，if we see this just as a problem of the super­rich people，we may let the rest of us off too easily.Anyone living in a highly developed economy in 2016 is already the one who benefits from luck —for example，not living in the modern­day Central African Republic，where few people can live a long life.In fact，we are lucky to have been born human.You might have been a battery hen，or a mayfly with only one day to live.
Our blindness to such truths isn't only because we're self-absorbed but also we attach more significance to things that are easier to call to mind.On the one hand，it's not hard to recall countless times when you put in the effort to succeed —struggling through university finals，preparing for job interviews，tolerating a long­distance travel to work.On the other hand，it's rather difficult to realize you're privileged —like not being born in a war zone，or before antibiotics(抗生素) ，and so forth.
【语篇解读】文章主要阐述了运气在人们生活中所起的作用。

1．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Self­made men don't like to be talked about.
B．Successful people owe their achievements to luck.
C．Successful people tend to overlook the role of luck.
D．Self­made men are more likely to show off their fortune.
C[考查句意理解。

画线句直译为“在白手起家的人们面前，你不能提及幸运(这个词)”。

再根据第一段中的“We tend to overlook luck's role，and this seems to get worse”可知，很多人，特别是一些富人往往忽视运气的作用。

故选C项。

]
2．According to the author，you are fortunate if you are not ．A．struggling through university finals
B．preparing for interviews
C．tolerating a long distance travel
D．living in a war zone
D[考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“not living in the modern-day”和第三段的“it's rather difficult to realize...not being born in a war zone”可知，生活在没有战争的地方是一种幸运。

故选D项。

]
3．We can learn from the passage that ．
A．few people in Africa are lucky
B．each of us is actually privileged
C．people value the importance of luck
D．people succeed because of luck
B[考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“However...we may let the rest of us off too easily.Anyone living in...2016 is already the one who benefits from luck”以及第三段的“On the other hand，it's rather difficult to realize you're privileged”可知，虽然人们往往忽视运气的作用，但事实上每个人都是幸运的。

故选B项。

]
B【导学号：38144030】
(2017·浙江三地市教学质检)
Inspiration first struck obesity researcher Nikhil Dhurandhar at a dinner party 25 years ago.“I was speaking with a vet when he mentioned that thousands of chickens that had died from a virus had gotten very fat，”recalls Dhurandhar.“I said，‘Wait a
minute.You'd think a dying chicken would grow thinner，not the opposite.’My mind began to spin.Was it possible somehow that both conditions were related？”
Dhurandhar continued studying the phenomenon.He soon realised that animals infected with the common cold virus Ad­36 gained weight.When he tested his theory on more than 500 people，he found that 30% of the obese subjects tested had been exposed to the Ad­36 virus compared with only 11% of thin individuals.Since then，follow­up studies by other researchers have produced similar findings.
“We think the virus infects fat cells，causing them to divide and grow faster than normal，”explains Dhurandhar.The advantage is that the virus appears to improve blood­sugar levels.“Your body may produce more fat cells，but that means there's less fat left to travel to your liver and blood，”says Dhurandhar.This may help explain why some overweight people are less likely to have heart disease than thinner ones.While he acknowledges that the virus isn't the single cause of obesity，it may explain why some people struggle to lose weight.“If you do have the obesity virus，it doesn't mean you're unable to lose weight—it just means you'll have to work a lot harder，”Dhurandhar explains.
Over the next decade，researchers hope an obesity vaccine (疫苗) will become available to protect people against Ad-36. There's no reason to get tested to determine you have been exposed to the virus since about half of obese people haven't. It's clear that other things，such as lifestyles and genetics(遗传学) ，play a bigger role.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。

研究发现，Ad­36病毒跟肥胖有一定的联系，这种病毒导致脂肪细胞分裂并快速生长，从而导致肥胖。

但是，遗传和生活方式等因素是导致肥胖更重要的原因。

4．What does the phrase“both conditions” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Inspiration and mind.
B．Obesity and the virus.
C．Chickens and the party.
D．Dhurandhar and the vet.
B[考查词义猜测。

根据第一段的“‘I was speaking with a vet when he mentioned that thousands of chickens that had died from a virus had gotten very
fat’”可知，Dhurandhar和一位兽医交谈时，兽医说到上千只死于病毒的鸡变得非常胖；结合画线词所在句中的“were related”可以判断，画线词指肥胖和病毒，Dhurandhar怀疑它们之间有联系，故B项正确。

]
5．Which of the following does Dhurandhar might agree with?
A．Obesity may be caused by a virus.
B．It's fruitless to struggle to lose weight.
C．The Ad­36 virus does no good to people at all.
D．Obese people do not suffer from any heart problem.
A[考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“‘We think the virus infects fat cells，causing them to divide and grow faster than normal’”可知，这种病毒影响脂肪细胞，使它们分裂并快速生长；据此可知，Dhurandhar认为肥胖可能是由一种病毒引起的，故A项正确。

]
[干扰项分析]根据第三段的“While he acknowledges that the virus isn't the single cause of obesity，it may explain why some people struggle to lose weight.”可知，Dhurandhar认为这种病毒不是导致肥胖的唯一原因，所以一些人才努力减肥，故B项错误；根据第三段的“This may help explain why some overweight people are less likely to have heart disease than thinner ones.”可知，肥胖的人患心脏病的几率小于瘦的人；据此可知，Ad­36病毒导致的肥胖对人体并非都是害处，肥胖的人患心脏病的几率小于瘦的人，但并没有说肥胖的人没有任何心脏问题，故C项和D项错误。

6．What does the author suggest obese people do?
A．Have a vaccine against obesity.
B．Have their body examined at once.
C．Attach more importance to a healthy lifestyle.
D．Work out regularly to improve blood-sugar levels.
C[考查推理判断。

根据第三段的“While he acknowledges that the virus isn't the single cause of obesity，it may explain why some people struggle to lose weight.”并结合第四段的最后一句“It's clear that other things，such as lifestyles and genetics(遗传学)，play a bigger role.”可知，这种病毒不是导致肥胖的唯一原因，所以一些人努力减肥；据此可以判断，作者建议肥胖的人
要注重健康的生活方式，故C项正确。

]
C【导学号：38144031】
The following simple exercise routine works as well as prescription medication(药物治疗) without the side effects.
A jog a day could keep your headaches at bay：Regular cardio workouts(有氧锻炼) may prevent migraines(偏头痛)，a growing body of research suggests.
Migraine patients had fewer headaches after doing 40­minute cycling workouts three times a week for three months，according to a Swedish study.
The exercise routine worked just as well as one of the top migraine­preventing drugs­topamirate but without the side effects of depression and tremors(刺激)．“Cardio workouts can help with regular headaches，too，”says Alexander Mauskop，M.D.，director of the New York Headache Center in Manhattan.
There are a couple of theories on how it works.
“Breaking a sweat may relieve stress，”says Dr.Mauskop.“Headaches are often triggered by stress，and if you remove the trigger，you release the pain.”
The feel­good chemicals produced when you exercise actually block your pain sensors，acting as a natural painkiller.
“Since headaches can be caused by many different factors like genetics(遗传)，lack of sleep，or certain foods，cardio won't be the solution for everyone，”Dr.Mauskop says.But one German study found that it helped 65 percent of patients，which makes it as effective as the best medicines on the market.
Dr.Mauskop recommends his patients do a half-hour reasonable intensity(强度)cardio，like jogging，biking，or swimming three times a week.These workouts are meant to be slow and steady，as opposed to high­intensity intervals that alternate between all­out runs and rest.
Pushing yourself too much or increasing the intensity too quickly can trigger headaches in some people，so make sure your heart rate doesn't jump above 150 BPM.If you don't have a heart rate monitor，then breathe only through your nose.You'll know you're going too hard if you can't keep up that breathing pattern.
“Your migraines could start disappearing in a couple of weeks，”Dr.Mauskop
says.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

据专家研究发现，头疼不用吃药，通过锻炼产生的化学物质可以缓解甚至治愈经常性头痛。

7．According to the passage，the author may agree that ．
A．jogging，swimming and fishing are cardio workouts
B．neither cardio workouts nor topamirate has side effects
C．migraine patients may be cured by regular cardio workouts
D．cardio workouts will be the solution for everyone with migraines
C[考查细节理解。

该题问的是作者可能同意哪个观点。

根据第二段中的“Regular cardio workouts(有氧锻炼) may prevent migraines(偏头痛)，a growing body of research suggests.”可知，通过定期的有氧锻炼，偏头痛可能会得到治愈。

故C项符合题意。

]
8．The underlined word “triggered” in Paragraph 7 can be replaced by “”．A．cured B．released
C．caused D．monitored
C[考查词义猜测。

根据第七段中Mauskop教授所说的出汗可以释放压力，以及如果去除这种诱因，就能缓解疼痛可推知，triggered意为“引起”，与C项“caused”意思相近。

故C项符合题意。

]
9．The feel-good chemicals produced can help with regular headaches because ．A．they ease the stress
B．they break a sweat
C．they prevent migraines
D．they block your pain sensors
D[考查细节理解。

该题问的是这种使人愉悦的化学物质能够帮助治疗经常性头痛的原因。

根据第八段可知，这种化学物质可以消除疼痛感。

故D项符合题意。

]
10．What would be the best title?
A．A cure for headaches
B．Side effects of migraines
C．The causes of headache
D．Advantages of cardio workouts
A[考查标题概括。

通读全文可知，定期的有氧锻炼有可能治愈偏头痛和经常性头痛。

故A项“一种治疗头疼的方法”适合做标题。

]。