人教版高中英语语法专项第二部分第二讲代词和介词

第二讲代词和介词
,[学生用书P261～P263])
一、不定代词
1．something，anything，nothing用法比较
①(2014 ·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 真正的创造力是一种利用现成的东西并从中创作出新的东西的能力。

②(2014·高考浙江卷)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return.
在村子里待的那段时间，詹姆斯无私地同村民分享他所拥有的一切，而不要任何东西做为回报。

2．none，nothing，no one/nobody的用法比较
①(2015·东莞调研)—How much bread is there?
—None.I wish you could offer me some.
——还有多少面包？
——一点也没有了。

我希望你能给我一些。

②(2015·河南豫北三校高三联考)—What have you been doing today?
—Oh，nothing special，just hanging around.
——今天你都干了什么？
——哦，没有什么特别的，只是闲逛。

①I’ll spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing.
我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习英语，另一半时间学习绘画。

②(2015·齐鲁名校联合测试)The microblog has become another classroom for me，and the teachers are all big names in academia.微博已成为我的第二课堂，这里的老师们都是学术界的大师级人物。

③(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.
明白别人的想法对于孩子们来说也可能是一个难题。

4．it，that，one的用法比较
①—Would you like tea or coffee?
—Neither，thanks.
——你要喝茶还是咖啡？
——都不要，谢谢。

②(2014·高考重庆卷)We both got tired of each other.我们两个都相互厌倦。

二、指示代词
1．this，these，that，those的用法
this与these往往指时间或空间较近的人或物；that与those指时间或空间较远的人或物。

Is there any way of solving these problems?
有什么解决这些问题的方法吗？
2．such，so的用法
(1)such指如前所述的这样的人或物。

Such is Cao Mao Sister，a diligent farmer with great passions in music.这就是草帽姐，一个勤劳同时又对音乐有很大热情的农民。

(2)so作指示代词时，代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，一般用在believe，think，expect，suppose，imagine，guess，hope等后面，如I think so./I don’t think so.。

—Is he coming tonight?
—I think so./I don’t think so.
——他今晚来吗？
——我想是的。

/我认为他不来。

三、it
1．against
(表示方位)依靠着……；碰，撞；反对；以……为背景，衬托；预防
(2014·高考江苏卷)She fought against her American identity.她和自己的美国身份抗争。

2．off
(表示位置)在……的外面，在……的沿海；(表示时间)在……之前；(表示方向)从……通向，偏离，从……离开
(2014·高考四川卷)In fact, they’re hard to spot，because they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.事实上，很难发现它们，因为听到有人靠近时它们通常会飞走。

3．by
不迟于；在……旁边；到……为止；按照，根据；通过……方式；增减的幅度
(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.
无论将来情况如何，通过帮助他们发展可以为他们很好服务的经典技能。

4．beyond
(时间) 过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置) 在……另一边，超出……之外；(表示程度)为……所不及，超出……的范围
No one hopes that the situation between China and Japan is beyond control due to the Diaoyu Islands.
没人希望中日关系因钓鱼岛事件失控。

5．with
和……在一起；带有，拥有；随着；用……工具；就……来说；对于，关于；(表示原因)由于，因为
(2014·高考陕西卷)The Scottish girl with blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.那个蓝眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。

6．over
在……上方；越过；超过；(表示时间或过程)在……期间
(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁)．西蒙把他的朋友顺到了一个峭壁边上。

7．for
为了；代表；因为，由于；对于，关于，在……方面；以……为代价；赞成，支持；就……而言。

(2014·高考山东卷)She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.她根本没有回到(Ashley的)家，而是为Sedgewick律师做事。

五、介词短语和介词的固定搭配
1．at＋名词
at sea茫然，在大海上；at will任意地；at work在上班；at lunch在吃午饭；at table在吃饭；at peace处于和平状态
2．by＋名词
by accident偶然地；by chance碰巧；by mistake错误地；by the way顺便说
3．beyond＋名词
beyond description难以形容；beyond words无法用语言形容；beyond doubt无疑；beyond one’s reach够不着
4．in＋名词
in advance在前头，事先，预先；in case如果，万一；in charge主管，看管；in common 共有，共同；in demand很需要；in order按顺序，井然有序，情况良好；in progress进行中；in return作为回报；in turn依次，转而；in vain徒劳；in shape健康状况良好5．on＋名词
on purpose故意地；on leave在休假；on holiday在度假；on sale出售；on time准时；on the air正在广播
(2014·高考江西卷)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.On the other hand，it could just put you in debt.
开始你自己的事业可能是一种获得经济独立的方法。

另一方面，它可能将你置于债务之中。

6．under＋名词
under construction在建设中；under consideration在考虑中；under repair在修理中
7．out of＋名词
out of breath上气不接下气；out of balance失去平衡；out of date过时；out of patience 不耐烦；out of control失去控制；out of touch失去联系
8．in＋名词＋of
in case of如果；in fear of担心，害怕；in honour of为纪念……，对……表示敬意；in memory of为纪念……；in place of代替；in search of寻找，寻求；in sight of在看得见……的地方；in support of支持，支援；in face of面对；in exchange of与……交换9．in terms of鉴于，根据；in view of鉴于，考虑到；for the sake of为了；on behalf of 代表；apart from除了；in addition to除了；on the basis of 以……为基础
(2014·高考天津卷)In addition to the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.除了学校，村庄里还有一个诊所，该诊所也是在政府的资助下建起来的。

,[学生用书P263～P265])
Ⅰ.用适当的介词完成下列句子
1．(2014·高考北京卷)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour.
2．(2014·高考重庆卷)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________ the road.
3．(2014·高考江西卷)It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ________ his great wealth.
4．(2014·高考浙江卷)People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying ________ expression.
5．(2013•高考陕西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the company，and I am sure he will ________ time.
6．(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.
7．—Those wine bottles are ________ of place in the children’s playroom.
—I will take them out in no time.
8．________ view of the weather，our school sports meet has to be held in the indoor stadium.
9．This experience teaches me a lesson: Never judge a person simply ________ the basis of the first impression.
10．The young singer is quite popular ________ the public. She’s made a remarkable achievement ________ a girl of her age.
11．Do you know any other foreign language ________ English?
12．The play begins at 6：40 p．m..So we have to be at the theatre ________ 6：30 p．m. at the latest.
13．His movie won several awards at the film festival，which was ________ his wildest dreams.
14．Workers approaching retirement should be saving more，not less，as a result ________ low rate of interest.
15．It is dangerous to judge ________ the basis of first impressions.
16．______ top of their cultures, Americans have taken over from the Indians many other things.
17. The girl ________ a red dress is my sister，and the red dress looks beautiful ________ her.
18．________ terms of character teaching, storytelling is one of the best ways to get your points across, especially to young kids.
19．David was always ________ his best in any danger，but at that moment he froze.
20．His cellphone，which cost him hundreds of dollars last year，is ________ of order and needs repairing，though it still looks new.
答案：1.in 2.off 3.despite 4.for 5.in
6．without7.out8.In9.on10.with；for
11．besides12.by13.beyond14.of15.on
16．On17.in；on18.In19.at20.out
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示，用适当的代词填空
1．(2014·高考江西卷) ——我什么时候(给你)打电话方便，上午还是下午？
—When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?
——都可以，我将一整天都在家。

—________. I’ll be in all day.
2．(2014·高考安徽卷)你可以向任何一个人求助，这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。

You can ask anyone for help. ________ here is willing to lend you a hand.
3．(2014·高考浙江卷)去年平均降雨量仅为18.75厘米，使其成为自1850年加利福尼亚成为州以来最干旱的一年。

An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
4．(2014·高考陕西卷)如果你能提前让我知道你是否会来，我将很感激。

I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
5．(2014·高考江苏卷)优秀的家庭对其成员们来说意味着很多，但并不是一切。

Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none.
6．(2013·高考陕西卷)尽管Rosemary多年来遭受严重的疾病折磨，但是她从没有失去对生活的热情。

Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost ________ of her enthusiasm for life.
7．(2013•高考四川卷)主街上交通灯的绿灯指示时间比小街上的绿灯指示时间长。

The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.
8．新科技使以更快的速度、更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。

New technologies have made ________ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
9．——你能过来帮我再找一把剪刀吗？
—Would you come and help me find another pair of scissors?
——为什么是我？汤姆一整天都无所事事。

—Why ________？Tom has nothing to do all day.
10．——迈克，你今天的状态似乎不太好。

—Mike, you don’t seem to be quite ________ today.
——我昨晚几乎没有睡。

我在准备一个报告。

—Well, I hardly slept last night. I was preparing for a report.
11．绝不能嘲笑别人的失败，因为没有人喜欢被嘲笑。

Never laugh at the failure of ________，because ________ enjoys being laughed at.
12．Lily是唯一注意到我进教室的人，所有其他人都沉浸在阅读中。

Lily was the only person who noticed me coming into the classroom, _________all absorbed in reading.
13．《简•爱》的作者夏洛蒂•勃朗特一生写了好几部小说，其中有一本是在她去世四年后的1859年才出版的。

Charlotte Brontë，the author of Jane Eyre，wrote several novels in life，one of ________ published in 1859，four years after her death.
14．经理拒绝接受三个建议中的任何一个。

The manager refused to accept ________ of the three suggestions.
15．——你的家庭作业完成多少了？
—How much homework have you finished?
——一点也没有做。

—No, ________．
16．这周我们将举行一次模拟考试，下周我们还将再举行两次模拟考试。

We are going to have one model test this week and ________ two the next week.
17．在黎巴嫩近一半的人认为一位妇女不带头巾出现在公共场合是可以接受的。

Nearly half in Lebanon agree that ________ is acceptable for a woman to appear in public without a headscarf.
18．一些人平稳流畅，其他人则跌跌撞撞，大概是喝醉了。

Some people moved in silky，liquid movements，________ were jerky，probably drunk.
19．当人们真正累了的时候，什么也不能阻止他们睡觉——无论什么事。

When people are really tired，________ will stop them from falling asleep—whatever it is.
20．你可以从两个选题中任选一个，但不要同时都选。

You can choose _________of the topics，but do not attempt both.
答案：1.Either 2.Everyone 3.it 4.it 5.everything 6.none7.that8.it9.me 10.yourself
11．others；nobody12.the others13.them
14．any15.none16.another17.it18.others
19．nothing20.either
Ⅲ.语篇填空
在下列空格中填入适当的代词
If you know me well, you would know I don’t like birthday parties. At least, I don’t like birthday parties given for 1.____________. I enjoy them when they’re for 2.______________，but when they’re for me, I just don’t like 3.____________．
I remember one birthday party some friends of 4.____________ had for me when I was a student at the university. Of course, I had told 5.__________ best friend Henry that I didn’t want a party and I made him promise he wouldn’t do 6.____________．He agreed. I should have known better than to believe 7.____________．
On the day of my birthday, we got home from school at about, oh, I don’t know, three or half past three. We went inside and as usual 8.____________ went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain (浴帘), a kind of strange female voice started singing，“Happy birthday to you. Happy birthday to you. ”
And then from all over the room, people joined in.There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room.
9．____________ had got my roommate’s key and got in earlier. They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing. I guess I really upset their plans by going in just to wash 10.____________ hands.
1．【解析】根据句子内容可知，作者在此指本人。

【答案】me
2．【解析】根据下文的don’t like可知，作者不喜欢为自己举办的生日聚会，而是喜欢给他人举办的生日聚会。

【答案】others
3．【解析】根据前面的when they’re for me 可知，我不喜欢为自己举办的生日聚会。

【答案】them
4．【解析】根据英语双重所有格的表示法可知，此处用名词性物主代词。

【答案】mine
5．【解析】从后面的friend可以看出，此处用形容词性物主代词。

【答案】my
6．【解析】从前面的I made him promise he wouldn’t do可推知，我让他答应不做任何事情。

【答案】anything
7．【解析】根据语境可知，作者对自己相信他而感到自责。

【答案】him
8．【解析】根据语境可知，我像往常一样进入浴室。

【答案】I
9．【解析】指朋友拿到了我室友的钥匙，提前进入了我的房间。

【答案】They
10．【解析】指作者自己的手。

【答案】my
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2015·河北唐山一模)Christmas is no fun when you’re poor. Twenty years ago I was a young, 1.____________(struggle), substitute teacher whose calls into work had been few. Money was tight, bills were due 2.____________ my wife and I couldn’t even afford to get Christmas gifts for each other. The only gifts we could get for our children were a few soft toys that I had found
3.____________(sell) at half price in the supermarket. I opened the door and brought in the gifts I
4.____________(hide) in our old car’s trunk. Then I handed
5.____________(they) to my son and daughter.I watched with a sad smile as they did their best to tear off the wrapping(包装纸)．As they pulled out their toys, though, I noticed their
6.____________ (eye) lit up and they jumped up and down. My daughter
7.____________(happy) hugged her toy and then hugged her Mom and me as well.I laughed as I watched my children play with their toys
8.____________ hours, and I thanked God for the
9.____________(great) gift I had ever been given. Till today I still treasure 10.____________ gift of pure love that my son and daughter gave me that day.
1．【解析】分析句子成分可知设空处与young, substitute并列作teacher的定语，teacher 与struggle为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。

【答案】struggling
2．【解析】“Money was tight, bills were due”与“my wife and I couldn’t even afford to get Christmas gifts for each other”为两个分句，这两个分句之间为顺承关系或因果关系，故答案为and 或so。

【答案】and/so
3．【解析】“that I had found ________(sell) at half price in the supermarket.”为定语从句，先行词为toys，将先行词代入定语从句后为I had found a few soft toys ________ (sell) at half price in the supermarket.由此可见设空处作宾补，toys 与sell为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式。

【答案】sold
4．【解析】“I ________(hide) in our old car’s trunk.”为定语从句，动词hide先于brought in，即hide表示“过去的过去”，故设空处用过去完成时。

【答案】had hidden
5．【解析】设空处用来指代上句的the gifts。

【答案】them
6．【解析】根据常识可知孩子们很高兴时，他们的“眼睛”会露出喜色。

【答案】eyes
7．【解析】设空处需用副词作状语修饰谓语动词hugged。

【答案】happily
8．【解析】介词for与句中的hours连用，表示“一段时间”。

【答案】for
9．【解析】由后面的“I had ever been given”可判断设空处应为形容词最高级形式。

【答案】greatest
10．【解析】名词gift在本句中表示特指，故与定冠词连用。

【答案】the。