空气质量达标规划程序

15
10
5
0 1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Congestion will worsen and speeds will decrease in the suburbs Speeds are already slow in New York City
2015
Effect of the Transportation Plan in Reducing Vehicular Travel
纽约都会区政府部门交通工程预算
2002 - 2006
$ in billions
7
‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06
6
5
联邦 168 155 201 228 245
4
州 71 55 36 32 33
3
地方 273 142 225 282 259
2
1
总额 512 352 462 542 536
0 2002 2004 2006
➢ Achieve 3C (coordinating, continuing, and comprehensive) transportation planning requirements
➢ 纽约都会区运输委员会 ➢ 一个区域性的政府协会
组织 ➢ 提供一个执行政策、协
调建设、进行规划、分 配经费的平台
运输达标规画 程序规定长期 运输计划必须 降低在保持现 状的情况下所 产生的汽车排 污量
Transportation Conformity
运输达标规划程序
➢ How do we improve➢ 我們如何在解决交
air quality while 通拥挤的同时，确
implement the
保改善空气污染?
On an average 2002 weekday, the transportation system carries 年 平均每工作日纽约的运输系统承载:
➢ 3.1 million on buses 三百万公车旅客 ➢ 4.6 million rail rapid transit 五百万地铁旅客 ➢ 550,000 passengers on commuter rail五十五万通勤铁路旅客 ➢ 128,500 on ferries 十三万渡轮旅客 ➢ 150,000 on airlines 十五万航空旅客
➢ 101,000 on PATH 十万纽约新泽西跨州地铁旅客 ➢ 205,000 on NJ Transit Rail 二十万新泽西通勤跨州铁路旅客 ➢ 520,000 on NJ Transit Bus 五十二万新泽西跨州公车旅客
NYMTC Transportation Capital Program
➢ It ensures that these transportation activities do not worsen air quality or interfere with the "purpose" of the SIP, which is to meet the NAAQS.
➢ Meeting the NAAQS often requires emissions reductions from mobile sources.
➢ 运输达标规划程序确保 联邦经费及核准是给予 合乎达到空气质量目标 的运输项目。
➢ 同时确保这些运输项目 不会使空气质量恶化或 干扰以达到国家空气质 量标准为目的的州执行 计画。
➢ 为达到国家空气质量标 准，时常需要自移动污 染源降低排污量。
Key Factors of Transportation Conformity
纽约都会区运输委员会，技术服务处
Background 背景介绍
➢ A Metropolitan Planning Organization
➢ A regional government association
➢ Provide a platform for policy implementation, project coordination, regional planning, and funding allocation
0.0 1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
-0.2
Effect of the Transportation Plan in Reducing Emissions
纽约都会区长期运输计画对降低汽车排污量的影响
Daily Emissions (kg per day)
500.0 0.0
-500.0 -1000.0 -1500.0 -2000.0
Federal State Local
单位: 亿人民币
5 年總預算: 2兆404 亿人民币 5 years budget: 30 billions
NYMTC Transportation Capital Program
纽约都会区政府部门交通工程预算 种类分布 2002- 2004
三年总预算: 一百四十亿美金
通
勤铁路路线英里数
➢ 225 route miles of rail rapid transit
地
铁路线英里数
➢ 22,870 centerline miles of roadways 各 级道路英里数
Transit Network
大纽约地区 公交路网
The NYMTC Region 纽约都会区
transportation
improvement
program?
What Is Transportation Conformity ?
运输达标规划程序
➢ Transportation conformity is a way to ensure that Federal funding and approval are given to those transportation activities that are consistent with air quality goals.
Traffic 交通 1.0%
Studies 研究 0.3%
Projected Vehicular Travel Growth in NY Region: No Action
纽约都会区车辆行车里程成长预估:保持现状
Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled (million vehicle miles)
运输达标规划程序 及 污染物
➢ Transportation conformity applies to the following criteria pollutants:
Ozone,
Carbon monoxide (CO),
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and
Particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 microns (PM-10).
运输达标规划程序的成功要素
➢ Transportation Conformity Linked to Funding
➢ Transportation Conformity Linked to Transportation Planning
➢ Options and Trade-offs Between Emission Reduction Strategies
➢ CAA Linkages to Transportation Planning
➢ Challenges for Transportation Officials
➢ 和联邦经费挂钩
➢ 和运输规划挂钩
➢ 权衡各种降低排污量的 策略
➢ 洁净空气法案和运输规 划挂钩
➢ 交通部门官员所面临的 挑战
Transportation Conformity & Pollutants
200 10-County Region
150
Suburban Counties 100
New York City 50
0 1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Highest growth rate will occur in the suburbs
Modest growth in New York City
➢ 以达到3C(协调性、延 续性、综合性)的运输 规划要求
The NYMTC Region 纽约都会区
The NYMTC Region 纽约都会区
➢ 2,440 square miles
平
方英里
➢ 12.2 million population
百
万人口
➢ 477 route miles of commuter rail
纽约都会区长期运输计劃对提高行车速度的影响
0.6
纽约都会区10-County Region
纽约市郊 Suburban Counties
0.4
纽约市 New York City
0.2
Speeds in the suburbs will benefit more significantly from the Transportation Plan
纽约都会区长期运输计划对降低行车里程的影响
0.25 0.00
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Both New York City and the suburbs will Benefit from the Transportation Plan
Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled (million vehicle miles)
➢ 运输达标规程序应用於 四项空气污染物 臭氧 一氧化碳 二氧化氮 可吸入颗粒物
The major requirements of the Transportation Conformity Process
运输达标规划程序的主要内涵
➢ Interagency consultation ➢ Regional emissions analysis ➢ Project level analysis ➢ For TCMs that are included in an
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrous Oxide (NOX)
To achieve Conformity, the Transportation Plan must reduce emissions from the No-Action condition.
-0.25
纽约市 New York City 纽约市郊 Suburban Counties
纽约都会区10-County Region
-0.50
降低约四十万车里数
Daily Average Speed (miles per hour)
Effect of the Transportation Plan in Reducing Congestion
approved SIP, assurance of timely implementation of TCMs,
➢ Certain ISTEA, now TEA-21, planning requirements (e.g., fiscal constraint).
Air Quality Conformity Process
空气质量达标规划程序
New York Experience
大纽约地区的成功经验
James Chiao Director of Technical Services New York Metropolitan Transportation Council
Effect of Traffic Growth on Speeds: No Action 纽约ly Average Speed (miles per hour)
30
25
Suburban Counties
10-County Region
20 New York City
Bridge 桥梁
($14 billion)
8.3%
一千一百六十二亿人民币
Misc Construction Intersection 其他 营建 1.4% 路口 0.3% 2.4%
Mobility 机动 5.3%
Recon & Preserv 重建 保護 8.4%
Transit 公交 71.3%
Safety 安全 1.2%