体验英语4 U1-6 Microsoft Word 文档

Book4
Unit 1Identity
Warm Up
Check Vocabulary Knowledge
self-conscious = nervous or embarrassed about your appearance or what other people think of you
identify with = to feel a strong sympathetic or imaginative bond with somebody or something and a sense of understanding and sharing his, her, or its nature or concerns
belonging = happiness felt in a secure relationship
Script / Answers
(Answers in bold)
As a black child growing up in an almost all-white setting, I set out on a search for a cultural and racial identity. When my parents would come to visit, I was self-conscious about being seen with my black friends. I also worried about being seen too often with my white friends. I was very aware of feeling caught between two cultures. More and more, I was identifying with black culture as an African American. Some of my friends were clear about their own identities as African Americans, but some others struck me as even more confused than I was about where they belonged. I came to believe that I could live however I wanted to live and still be accepted as a member of the black community. I enjoyed that feeling of belonging（归宿感）.
Answers
(in bold)
1. A: How did you feel about your Grandma’s question?
B: I remember being startled and confused by her question. I felt disoriented分不清方向或目标的, 无判断力的.
2. A: Do you enjoy being with other people?
B: Not really. The easy flow of casual social chat has remained forever beyond my reach and beyond my interest, too.
3. A: What did you do when the young man insulted you?
B: I almost froze. I felt helpless and unable to defend myself.
4. A: I heard several loud knocks on the door. What happened?
B: I was wanted（被通缉的）for bank fraud although it wasn’t I who committed the crime.
Listening Task 1
First Listening/Answers
introverted
shy
timid
Check Vocabulary Knowledge
curl up = to assume (have) a position with the legs drawn up蜷曲：将双腿向上耸起的姿势startled = alarmed, frightened, or surprised
conscious = subjectively known or felt
Second Listening
Answers
1. The speaker’s grandma thought his way of being was unusual / there was something wrong with the speaker.
2. The speaker was surprised at his grandma’s remark because he never thought his way of being was problematic / he never wanted to play with the other children.
3. When he was with the other children the speaker felt confused / different / disoriented.
Third Listening
Answers for Reference
1. Other children liked playing games together; I liked being alone reading and writing. My grandma reacted to my way of being by remarking “what’s wrong with you? Why don’t the other children want to play with you?” By then I had never had an interest in playing with the other children. I thought it was only natural for me to be like this. I had never thought that they didn’t “want to play with” me. Later, in the fourth grade, I began to feel myself different from other children, living in a different universe. I decided to turn back to my inner world reading and writing again. In this way I moved further away from my peers. I have always found it difficult to participate in the casual social chat.
2. Accept who you are.
Script
The neighborhood children my age played together: either active, physical games outdoors or games of dolls-and-house (s activities played with dolls and doll house玩具娃娃+玩具娃娃房子/ 过家家?) indoors. I, on the other hand, spent much of my childhood alone. I’d curl up in a chair reading fairytales and myths, daydreaming, writing poems or stories and drawing pictures. Sometime around the fourth grade, my “big” (often critical,judgmental (审判的)) Grandma, who’d been visit ing us said to me, “What’s wrong with you! Why don’t the other children want to play with you?” I remember being startled and confused by her question. I’d never been particularly interested in playing with the other children. It hadn’t, till then, occurred to me that that was either odd (古怪的) or something wrong with me. Nor had it occurred to me that they didn’t “want to play with” me. My first conscious memory of feeling different was in the fourth grade. At the wardrobe, listening to classmates joking, chattering and laughing with each other, I realized I hadn’t a clue about what was so funny or of how to participate in their easy chatter. They seemed to live in a universe about which I knew nothing at all. I tried to act like others but it was so difficult. I felt confused and disoriented. I turned back to my inner world: reading books, writing and daydreaming. My inwardness grew me in ways that continued to move me further away from the world of my age peers (同辈，同等的人). The easy flow of casual social chat has remained forever beyond my reach and beyond my interest, too.
Listening Task 2
First listening/Answers
being refused by both societies
Check Vocabulary Knowledge
nigger = used as a disparaging term for a black person<美>黑鬼(对黑人的蔑称)
racist = a person who discriminates or has prejudice against people of other races种族主义者
Second listening
Answers
1. F
2. ?
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. ?
Third Listening
Script
The greatest difficulty for me is that as a person of mixed origin I am at home neither here nor there. Wherever I am, I am regarded as being foreign, either “white” or “black”. It happens to me when I live in my mother’s country of origin, in Switzerland, and it happened to me when I was livin g in my father’s country, Ivory Coast. I would feel at home where I could feel that people accept me just the way I am! When you are a small child you first do not feel that you are different from the others. But soon the others will make you feel different—and children too can be very cruel in their behavior against the “strange child”. Sometimes incredible incidents happen. Some time ago I was riding my bike somewhere in a little place in Switzerland nearby to where I live. A car drove by, and the male driver opened the window and yelled at me: “Scheiss—Neger—dirty nigger!” I almost froze. I felt helpless and unable to defend myself. When I looked at the number plate, I saw that it was a German number plate. This means that the insulting person himself was a foreigner in this country! How could he dare insult me like this? I felt that I wanted to kill this man. When I recovered I was able to think about it more clearly. These racist people are just stupid and do not know anything about life.
Real World Listening
Answers
1. A victim feels lucky that he is safe from identity theft but actually he doesn’t know when he becomes a victim, too. Identity theft could take place without the victim’s immediate awareness.
2. An identity thief pretends to be from a public utility (a private company that is allowed by
the government to provide important services such as gas, electricity, water, etc./ services provided by the government or state, such as the supply of electricity and gas, or the train network公共事业机构) and tries to get someone’s personal information.
3. An employer is looking for someone to crack down on (制裁；惩罚) identity theft but either deliberately or inadvertently (漫不经心的, 非有意的;) he collects the personal information of the applicant.
4. Through the Internet adolescents (teenagers) may be coaxed into providing the financial information of the family.
[checkbook:a small book of cheques that your bank gives you ;a book containing blank checks
issued by a bank支票簿]
The recording is about identity theft.
Culture Notes
Identity theft is the use of one person’s personal information by another to commit fraud or other crimes. The most common forms of identity theft occur when someone obtains another person’s social security number,driver’s license number, dat e of birth, and the like and uses it to open a fraudulent (欺诈性的) bank, credit card, cellular telephone, or other account, or to obtain false loans. Criminal identity theft, the most common nonfinancial type, occurs when someone gives another’s personal information to a law enforcement (实施, 执行) officer when he or she is arrested. In addition to the financial losses resulting from identity theft, the person whose personal information has been used will have an erroneous (错误的) credit or criminal history that is often expensive and time-consuming to correct. The occurrence of identity theft increased significantly beginning in the late 1990s due to the computerization of records and the ability to use another’s personal information anonymously (匿名的; 无名的; 假名的) over the Internet.
Get the Main Ideas
Answers
1. The man was wanted by the police because he was charged with bank fraud.
2. The man paid the money and all the charges were dismissed.
3. He spent several days in prison for a crime he didn’t commit. Apparently the police knew that he was not the person who committed the bank fraud.
4. Their credit may be ruined so that they can’t get loans and it may take them years to settle the damage.
5. The person who stole the man’s identity was caught and put in jail for identity fraud.
Script
Melanie: Your story of identity theft is quite scary. What happened?
Nick: One day early in the morning, I was awakened by a loud knock. When I opened the door, five policemen were standing there telling me to go to jail. I asked why and they said that I was wanted (being looked for by the police) for bank fraud. I said “I never did that!” and they said “that’s something we’ve never heard before… tell it to the judge.”
Melanie: Did you really have to spend time in jail?
Nick: Yes, I certainly did.
Melanie: How could you prove it wasn’t you who committed the crime?
Nick: Frankly, I never did. I simply paid the amount owed and all the charges (指控) were dismissed (撤销). It was really a debt to a casino (娱乐场(供表演跳舞、赌博的地方) although it is a felony (重罪), all they wanted was their money.
Melanie: Whew (interj.（感叹词）! For me, perhaps the most alarming aspect of your story is that you had to spend several days in jail—in spite of the fact that they knew that the person who committed the fraud was of a different race than you. That is truly scary.
Nick: Yes. People suffer because others steal their identities to work illegally. Someone used
another’s identity for years and ruined their credit. When their kids want to get their first cars or student loans it takes them years to settle the damage.
Melanie: Did they catch the person who used your identity to commit the crimes?
Nick: Yes. He was put in jail for identity fraud.
Unit 2 Personality
Warm up
Script/Answers
1. Forgiveness is the act of erasing an emotional debt. At some time in your life, you may have been severely wronged or hurt by another person to such a degree that forgiveness seems impossible. However, harboring resentment only keeps you trapped in victimhood. Under such a circumstance, you should force yourself to see the bigger picture and shift the focus away from the anger and resentment.
2. Integrity is an inner standard for judging your behavior. Integrity means you do what you do because it's right and not just fashionable or politically correct. It is the real bottom line in every area of society.
3. Often we allow ourselves to be upset by small things we should let go and forget. Perhaps some man we helped has proved ungrateful, some woman we believed to be a friend has spoken iii of us, and some reward we thought we deserved has been denied us. We feel such disappointment so strongly that we can no longer work or sleep. Our inability to forgive and let go can make us sick.
4. One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. Sometimes American honesty --
being open and direct -- can offend people. But Americans still believe that "honesty is the best policy."
5. Patience is the display of tolerance while awaiting an outcome. You tend to expect immediate results and are often disappointed when you fail in your first few attempts. In fact, growth can be a slow, painstaking process and patience will provide you with the perseverance（坚定不移）you need to become mature.
6. Flexibility is defined as being adaptable to change. In the course of your lifetime, it is essential that you learn to bend and flex around every new circumstance, as stubbornness deprives you of the opportunity to see new possibilities.
7. Compassion同情,怜悯may be the queen of American virtues. To live in a state of compassion means you approach the world with your emotional barriers lowered. Compassion is the emotional glue connecting you to your essence and to the essence of those around you.
Listen task 1
Answers
A taxi driver who takes a visitor the long way round cheats. / Footballers who pretend to be hurt for a free-kick cheat./Riders who take drugs in a cycling tour cheat.
Answers
1. Footballers will do anything for a free-kick or a penalty shot.
2. In 1998, the world's greatest cycling event was hit by a drug-taking scandal./ Forty bottles of drugs were found with a team in the cycling' tour./One rider was banned for nine months because of drug problem.
Script
Everybody cheats. Whether it's the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes him the long way round, or the shop assistant who doesn't give the correct change, or the police officer who accepts a bribe - everybody's at it. Cheats in the news include the scientist whose research was based on fake data, the game show contestant who collaborated合作with a friend in the audience to win a million pounds, and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn't really a doctor at all. Everybody cheats; nobody's playing the game（遵守比赛规则, 行动光明正大）.
Is cheating acceptable, a natural way of surviving and being successful? Or is it something that should be frowned on, and young people discouraged from doing? If it's the latter, how can we explain to children why so many bend the rules?
Take sport for example. The pinnacle尖顶of football, the World Cup, was rife with （充满）cheating. Whether pretending to be hurt or denying a handball, footballers will do anything for a free-kick（〈足球〉任意球）or a penalty shot（,[篮]罚球）. French player Henry denied cheating to win the free-kick which led to his side's second goal in their 3-1 victory over Spain. Whatever the nationality there's one common strategy: the player rolls over holding his leg, ankle or head seeming to be in great pain. As a result a yellow card or free-kick is given for the foul（犯规）and then, a few seconds later, the player is up and about as if nothing had happened!
Of course it's not just the footballers. In 1998 the Tour of France, the world's greatest cycling event, was hit by a drug-taking scandal. Forty bottles of drugs found with a team triggered a massive investigation that almost caused the cycling tour to be abandoned. One rider was banned for nine months.
Listening Task 2
First Listening
Answers
Fake products are everywhere./ It has become socially acceptable to buy fake Gucci bags. / More pupils than ever are caught cheating during exams.
Second Listening
Answers
Keys to exam papers were put up for sale on the Internet./ Cheating took place by pupils using their mobile phones to receive texted answers./ Pupils admitted to candidate substitution（承认代考）.
Third Listening
Script
A climate of mistrust surrounds everyone. In the field of business, Enron, America's seventh
largest company, could serve as an unfortunate example. Its collapse in 2001 caused thousands of people to lose their jobs and life savings. The company had fooled investors into believing it was healthier than it really was. One boss now faces the rest of his life in prison.
Meanwhile companies around the world are losing billions of dollars to the counterfeit trade. From cut-price（打折扣的, 廉价的）CDs and DVDs to sportswear and cosmetics, cheap fake products are everywhere. It has become socially acceptable to buy fake Gucci bags and illegal copies of films. If parents are doing this, their children will follow.
So perhaps it's not surprising that around the world more pupils than ever are caught cheating during exams. In one case keys to exam papers were put up for sale on the Internet. In another, widespread cheating took place by pupils using their mobile phones to receive texted answers（用短信发的答案）. In a third case, pupils admitted to candidate substitution承认代考. They blame the pressure put on them to do well in exams. It doesn't help that their role models （榜样）are also cheats. Surely we can't complain when we're setting such a bad example.
Culture Notes
1. Enron
Enron Corp. is one of the world's largest energy, commodities and services company. Based in Houston, Texas, Enron was formed in July 1985. The company began marketing electricity in 1994 and entered the European energy market in 1995.The company reported revenues of $101 billion in 2000. It has stakes in nearly 30,000 miles of gas pipeline, owns or has access to a 15,000-mile fiber optic network and has a stake in electricity generating operations around the world.
2. Gucci
古琦(Gucci)是意大利最大的时装集团之一，1923年由古琦欧·古琦(GuccioGucci)创立，集团位于佛罗伦萨。

Gucci除时装夕L也经营皮包、皮鞋、手表、家饰品、宠物用品、丝巾、领带和香水等。

3. Tour de France
The Tour de France is the world's best known cycling event.It has provided entertainment for all and inspiration for generations of cyclists since it started in 1903. Then there were just six stages while today's race takes place over three weeks and 21 stages. In 2007, around 200 riders, 20 teams and thousands of journalists were involved in this event.
Real world listening
Answers
George lied to his father.
Get the Main Ideas
Answers
l~c 2~d 3~a 4~b 5~e
Respond to the Ideas
Script
Mr. Washington: George, are you sure you had nothing to do with chopping down the cherry tree?
George: I don't clearly recall chopping this tree down.
Mr. Washington: Isn't this your axe?
George: That appears to be very similar to my axe.
Mr. Washington: But your axe is right here, and the tree is freshly cut, and you are the only person around.
Mrs. Washington: Oh, just drop it, and it's only a tree.
Mr. Washington: But it's not just the tree. We really need to find out if he's being honest with
us. I won't put up with（忍受, 容忍）lying, and he shouldn't get you to cover up for him.
George: I'm going to say this one more time: didn't chop down that tree -- the cherry tree -- and I did not ask anyone to lie. Not one time. Never!
Mr. Washington: George, there's no fresh-cut firewood around, but your hair and clothing are full of wood chips, and the chips look like cherry wood to me. How do you explain that?
George: Clearly my behaviour has been inappropriate. I deeply regret the damage which seems to have been done to the tree. But I really need to get back to my chores now.
Mr. Washington: We're not finished yet. Now I'm going to ask you directly. Did you chop down
the cherry tree?
George: Well, it's possible that I might have swung the axe in an inappropriate manner which might have resulted in some harm to the tree, but at the moment you asked me, I was thinking of what "chop" means and my action didn't meet my definition of "chopping", so I didn't lie.
Mrs. Washington: This is not really worth all the fuss（大惊小怪,）. Even if he did it, it's only a tree. Let's forget it and enjoy this lovely afternoon.
George: Thank you, Mom. We have a stately oak tree on the front lawn. Can I try my axe again there?
Unit 3 Life Style
Warm up
Check Vocabulary Knowledge
dizzy = feeling as if everything is spinning around you and that you are not able to balance chore = daily or routine domestic tasks
If somebody lives large, he likes to buy expensive things, wear the best clothes, and eat out at fancy restaurants.
Script / Answers
1)So I started carpooling（n. 共乘制v. 合伙用车）last week. It was great not having to drive
and we zipped home in half the time. This morning as I drove in to work, the heavy traffic just made me dizzy and my carpooler went into road rage（路怒）again.
2) Once we were old enough to do household chores, we set the table, washed, dried and put
away dishes and did laundry. We were responsible for mowing the lawn and shoveling the snow. My parents gave us an allowance for these tasks.
3) It's quite common to see a relapse in addiction treatment. This does not mean that you have
failed in your efforts to cure yourself of an addiction. If you stay away from cigarettes for 3 months and then smoke again for two days in a row, you can view this as a "failure" if you want, or you can focus on the fact that of the last 92 days, you're successfully off cigarettes for 97% of them. That's pretty good.
Oral Preview
1) I'm dizzy just hearing your daily activities. I guess I have it nice. There can be 10 feet of snow
on the ground and I wouldn't have to walk an inch of it.
2) I did a lot of binge drinking and started using cocaine. That's when the real problems began. My life became a wreck / messed up. I thought that that time off cocaine would completely cure me of any desire for it. The bottom came for me when I was finally evicted from my apartment. I've been clean now for five years.
3）I've lost 20 IQ points in the public's eyes. It took a lot of time for me to get comfortable with the whole thing. For people like me, it takes a while to do. When all was said and done and the dust settled, everyone got back to work.
Listening Task I
First Listening
.Answers
A home business owner ↘the first speaker
A stay-at-home mom ↗the second speaker
(A home business owner→the second speaker
A stay-at-home mom→the first speaker)
Check Vocabulary Knowledge
squirmy = wriggling or twisting the body from side to side, especially due to nervousness or discomfort'
toddler = one who toddles, especially a young child learning to walk.
guilty = a sudden loud noise, as of an explosion
spa = whirlpool bath: a tub with a device for aerating or swirling water
hectic = characterized by intense activity, confusion, or haste
Second Listening
Script
The first speaker is a stay-at-home mom. She does all the house cleaning. She gets up in the middle of the night. She works as a room-mother, baker, coordinator, chauffeur, and carpooler at once at home. She also does lawn-mowing. She takes cars for repair. She was made to feel guilty for saying "no". She does not get her nails done or have a spa day. She feels guilty for spending family money on herself.
The second speaker has a nice life. She has no schedule. She gets up when she wants and works when she wants. She shops when she wants to. She opens up her office door in her house and gets to work instantly. She doesn't have to deal with traffic. When she doesn't feel like working she doesn't.
Third Listening
Answers
The first speaker is complaining about too much housework burden while the second speaker is very contented.
Script
When she has young, children, a stay-at-home mom has two jobs. Her house and her kids.
A stay-at-home mom is expected to do all the house cleaning. She is expected to always be the
one to get up in the middle of the night, do the school things -- room-mother, baker, coordinator, chauffeur and carpooler, etc. Often, a stay-at-home mom is expected to take over "daddy-type" chores such as lawn-mowing and taking cars for repair. Imagine sitting in a repair shop with two squirmy toddlers! The worse thing is that the stay-at-home mom is made to feel guilty for saying "no". The reason the Stay-at-home mom does not get her nails done or have a spa day is she feels
guilty for spending family money on herself.
Gosh, you all have such hectic lives. I'm dizzy just hearing your daily activities. I guess I have it nice. I have no schedule at all! I get up when I want. I work my business when I want. I shop when I want to. I wash my hair when I bathe or I don't wash my hair. When I go to work all I have to do is open up my office door in my house and I'm at work already. No traffic to deal with and there can be 10 feet of snow on the ground and I wouldn't have to walk an inch of it because my house connects directly to my warehouse! If I get up and don't feel like working ! don't.
Listening Task 2
First Listening/Answer
Drug
Check Vocabulary Knowledge
off cocaine = having stopped taking cocaine
binge drinking = consumption of too much alcoholic drinks in a row on a single occasion狂饮wreck = a person who is physically or mentally broken down or worn out
as in: He went into detox for 4 days.)
mess up = to make sth dirty or untidy
Second Listening
│Problem │Age / period
│First drink & marijuana cigarette │12 │
│All kinds of drugs │high school until 21 │
│Binge drinking │after high school │
│Crack cocaine │31 │
Third Listening
Answers
1.life messed up / son embarrassed to be seen with him, wouldn't speak to him / evicted
apartment / lost car, home and sons / couldn't look himself in the mirror.
Script
I took my first drink and smoked my first marijuana cigarette when I was 12 years old. In high school, I used all kinds of drugs. After high school until I was 21, I did a lot of binge drinking. When I was 31, I started using crack cocaine. That's when the real problems began.
I was addicted to alcohol and cocaine, and my life was a wreck. I tried to quit a number of times. I moved to Mexico and gave up cocaine. I still drank and smoked marijuana, but for the time I lived there, I was off cocaine. I thought that that time off cocaine would completely cure
me of any desire for it, but when I got back in town two years later, I started using it again only five days later. Every part of my life was messed up（一团糟）. I remember my oldest son being embarrassed to be seen with me. He would pass me on the street with his friends but he wouldn't even speak to me. The bottom came for me when I was finally evicted from my apartment. I lost my car, my home and my sons. I looked in the mirror that day, and I couldn't look myself in the eyes. The next morning, I showed up at the treatment center. The first few days of detox戒瘾诊所and treatment were hard, but ! was convinced that I needed help, so I stayed. I've been clean now for five years, and I have a new life.
Real World Listening
Answers
Transgender transition
Get the main ideas
Answers
After the transition Nancy is considered less intelligent. Although being a female can be an advantage she doesn't think she is pretty enough to use it well. Psychologically the transition is not very easy for her. She still needs more time to get used to life as a woman, such as knowing what
makeup works for her and what clothing works on her. Another annoying thing is that she is taller than most women, which means that it is more difficult for her to find the right size of clothing. Fortunately her colleagues are positive about her transition and they even joked about wearing pantyhose.
Respond to the ideas
Answers for Reference
glass ceiling -- An unacknowledged discriminatory barrier that prevents women and minorities from rising to positions of power or responsibility, as within a corporation. Nancy was already in a high position at the firm as a man, but now being a woman and a blonde she finds people treating her as if she were less intelligent. In Western culture blondes are sometimes stereotyped as "dumb blondes" similar to the Chinese concept of "empty vase/hua ping".
Script
Reporter:, Are you treated differently in the workplace as a woman?
Nancy: Between changing gender and becoming a blonde, I've lost 20 IQ points in the public's eyes. It's kind of a hoot, and something you can use to your advantage though, I'm not pretty enough to do it very well. It is a challenge. I kind of broke through the glass ceiling from the wrong direction.
Reporter:. Switching from slacks to pantyhose cannot be easy, even if you hate slacks.
Nancy: To tell the truth, it took a lot of time for me to get comfortable with the whole thing.
Comfortable with your new self, your new presentation, learning how to deal with society. Women spend their whole lives knowing what makeup works well for them, what clothing works on them. For people like me, it takes a while to do. I'm tall, when
I walk into a room, it's like someone from the NBA showed up. Trying to find clothing。