2016-2017年对外经济贸易大学考研常用法律专业英语术语一—新祥旭考研
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研外销员考试常考术语和缩写,考研真题
外销员考试常考术语和缩写一、国际货物买卖适用的法律与惯例INCOTERMS2002，International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》URC522，Uniform Rules for Collection《托收统一规则522》UCP500，Uniform Customs and Practice for Commercial Documentary Credits500《跟单信用证统一惯例》Warsaw-Oxford Rules1932《1932年华沙一牛津规则》Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions1941《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》二、价格术语EXW(ex works)工厂交货FCA(free carrier)货交承运人FAS(free alongside ship)装运港船边交货FOB(free on board)装运港船上交货CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费CIF(cost，insurance and freight)成本加保险费、运费CPT(carriage paid to)运费付至CIP(carriage and insurance to)运费、保险费付至DAF(delivered at frontier)边境交货DES(delivered ex ship)目的港船上交货DEQ(delivered ex quay)目的港码头交货DDU(delivered duty unpaid)未完税交货DDP(delivered duty paid)完税后交货FOB liner terms FOB班轮条件FOB under tackle FOB吊钩下交货FOB stowed FOB理舱费在内FOB trimmed FOB平舱费在内FOBST(FOB stowed and trimmed)FOB包括理舱费和平舱费在内的各项装船费用CFR liner terms CFR班轮条件CFR landed CFR卸至码头CFR ex tackle CFR吊钩下交货CFR ex ship's hold CFR舱底交货CIF liner terms CIF班轮条件CIF landed CIF卸至码头CIF ex tackle CIF吊钩下交货CIF ex ship's hold CIF舱底交货the seller's obligations卖方义务三、货物的品名、质量、数量与包装name of commodity品名quality0f goods品质condition合同要件actual quality实际品质sample样品sale by sample凭样品买卖quality as per seller's sample品质以卖方样品为准buyer's sample买方样品counter sample对等样品confirming sample确认样品for reference only仅供参考colour sample色样pattern sample款式样quality shall be about equal to the sample品质与样品大致相同quality shall be nearly same as the sample品质与样品近似specification of goods商品规格sale by specification凭规格买卖FAQ，fair average quality良好平均品质sale by descriptions and illustrations凭说明书和图样买卖trade mark商标sophisticated market精致市场name of origin产地名称quality tolerance品质公差weigh重量metric ton公吨long ton长吨short ton短吨kilogram公斤gram克ounce盎司number数量piece件pair双set套dozen打roll卷ream令gross罗bag袋bale包length长度meter米foot英尺yard码area面积square foot平方英尺volume体积cubic yard立方码capacity容积bushel蒲式耳litre升gallon加仑the metric system公制the british system英制the U.S.system美制SI，the international system of units国际单位制gross weight毛重net weight净重gross for net以毛作净actual tare实际皮重real tare实际皮重average tare平均皮重customary tare习惯皮重computed tare约定皮重conditioned weight公量theoretical weight理论重量legal weight法定重量net net weight实物净重about大约circa近似approximate左右nude pack裸装in bulk散装full packed全部包装part packed局部包装shipping mark运输标志，唛头indicative mark指示性标志warning mark警告性标志UCC，Universal Code Council统一编码委员会UPC，Universal Product Code统一产品编码European Article Number Association欧洲物品编码协会EAN，European Article Number欧洲物品编码neutral pacing中性包装seaworthy packing海运包装inquiry询盘offer发盘counter offer还盘acceptance接受IGO inter-government organization政府间国际组织NGO non-government organization非政府间国际组织ICS international chamber shipping国际航运公会BIMCO Baltic and international maritime council波罗的海国际海事协会CMI committee maritime international国际海事委员会IMO international maritime organization国际海事组织LNG liquified natural gas液化天然气LPG liquified petroleum gas液化石油气SF stowage factor货物积载因数IMDG Code international maritime dangerous goods code国际海运危险货物规则ISO international standard organization国际标准化组织SOC shipper's own container货主箱COC carrier's own container船公司箱TEU twenty-foot equivalent units计算单位,也称20英尺换算单位FCL full container load整箱货LCL less container load拼箱货CY container yard集装箱堆场CFS container freight station集装箱货运站DOOR货主工厂或仓库DPP damage protection plan损害修理条款SC service contract服务合同B/N booking note托运单S/O shipping order装货单，也称下货纸、关单M/R mate's receipt收货单，也称大副收据M/F manifest载货清单，也称舱单S/P stowage plan货物积载图，也称船图、舱图D/O delivery order提货单，也称小提单MSDS maritime shipping document of safety危险货物安全资料卡D/R dock's receipt场站收据EIR(E/R)equipment interchange receipt设备交接单CLP container load plan集装箱装箱单SOF statement of facts装卸事实记录B/L bill of lading提单HB/L house bill of lading代理行提单，或称子提单、分提单、货代提单、无船承运人提单、仓至仓提单等Sea B/L(Master B/L,Ocean B/L,Memo B/L)海运提单，或称母提单、主提单、船公司提单、备忘提单等On board B/L,Shipped B/L已装船提单Received for Shipment B/L收货待运提单Straight B/L记名提单Open B/L(Blank B/L,Bearer B/L)不记名提单Order B/L指示提单Clean B/L清洁提单Foul B/L(Unclean B/L)不清洁提单Direct B/L直达提单Transshipment B/L转船提单Through B/L联运提单Combined Transport B/L(Intermodal Transport B/L,Multimodal Transport B/L)多式联运提单Minimum B/L最低运费提单，也称起码提单Advanced B/L预借提单Anti-dated B/L倒签提单Stale B/L过期提单On Deck B/L甲板货提单过期Switch B/L转换提单NVOCC non-vessel operations common carrier无船公共承运人或无船承运人《Hague Rules》《海牙规则》，正式名称为《统一关于提单若干法律规定的国际公约》《Visby Rules》《维斯比规则》，正式名称为《关于修订统一提单若干法律规定的国际公约》《Hamburg Rules》《汉堡规则》，正式名称为《1978年联合国海上货物运输公约》SDR special drawing rights特别提款权LOI letter of indemnity保函，也称损害赔偿保证书SLAC shipper's load and count货主装载、计数SLACS shipper's load,count and seal货主装载、计数和加封STC said to contain内容据称SWB seaway bill海运单V/C voyage charter航次租船，简称程租T/C time charter定期租船，简称期租TCT time charter on trip basis航次期租COA contract of affreightment包运租船，简称包船C/P charter party租船合同F/N fixture note确认备忘录，也称订租确认书GENCON"金康"合同，全称为BIMCO统一杂货租船合同NYPE Form"土产格式"，全称美国纽约土产品交易定期租船合同BALTIME"波尔的姆格式"，全称为BIMCO标准定期租船合同BARECON'A'标准光船租船合同A格式SINO TIME中租期租合同DWT dead weight tonnage载重吨GRT gross registered tonnage总登记吨，简称总吨NRT net registered tonnage净登记吨，简称净吨LOA length over all船舶总长度BM beam船宽MT metric tons公吨（1000千克）LAYCAN layday/canceling date受载期与解约日LINER TERMS班轮条款，即船方负担装卸费BERTH TERMS泊位条款，即船方负担装卸费GROSS TERMS总承兑条款，即船方负担装卸费FAS free alongside ship船边交接货条款，即船方负担装卸费FI free in船方不负担装货费FO free out船方不负担卸货费FILO free in,liner out船方不负担装货费但负担卸货费LIFO liner in,free out船方不负担卸货费但负担装货费FIO free in and out船方不负担装卸费FIOST free in and out,stowed and trimmed船方不负担装卸费、平舱费和堆舱费2015年8月资料来源：育明考研考博官网。
2016-2017年对外经济贸易大学831会计学综合《资产质量分析》讲义—新祥旭考研辅导
第二章资产质量分析（重点）第1节资产负债表的作用1.会计计量属性1）历史成本01、03、07、08年名词解释问答题中均考察过。
采用历史成本原则计价的优越性在于：第一，由于交易的价格是由企业与企业外部共同确定的，因而具有一定的客观性；第二，历史成本的确定通常有一定的会计凭证作依据，具有可验证性；第三，历史成本原则还可以抑制因主观判断而产生的可能蓄意歪曲企业财务状况的事件发生。
2）重置成本在重置成本计量下，资产按照当前市场条件，重新取得同样一项资产所需支付的现金或者现金等价物金额计量。
负债按照现在偿还该项债务所需支付的现金护着现金等价物的金额计量。
3）可变现净值在可变现净值剂量下，资产按照其正常对外销售所能收到的现金或者现金等价物的金额扣减该资产至完工时估计将要发生的成本、估计的销售费用以及相关税费后的金额计量。
4）现值在现值计量下，资产按照预计从其持续使用和最终处置中所产生的未来净现金流入量的折现金额计量。
负债按照预计期限内需要偿还的未来净现金流出量的折现金额计量。
5）公允价值08年问答题在公允价值计量下，资产和负债按照在公平交易中，熟悉情况的交易双方自愿进行资产交换或者债务清偿的金额计量。
在实务中，一般应当采用历史成本。
采用重置成本、可变现净值、现值、公允价值计量的，应当保证所确定的资产金额能够取得并可靠计量。
考虑到中国市场发展的现状，新准则体系中主要在金融工具、投资性房地产、非共同控制下的企业合并、债务重复、非货币性交易等方面采用了公允价值。
总体上，新会计准则体系对公允价值的运用还是比较谨慎的，但无论如何，历史成本已不再作为一项会计核算的基本原则。
2.企业资产负债表的作用如何？1）资产负债表揭示了企业拥有或控制的能用货币表现的经济资源即资产的总规模及具体的分布形态。
2）把流动资产、速动资产与流动负债联系起来分析，可以评价企业的短期偿债能力。
3）通过对企业债务规模、债务结构与所有者权益的对比，可以对企业的长期偿债能力及举债能力（潜力）做出评价。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研国际经济法专业术语,考研真题
国际经济法专业术语中英文互译1.EXW工厂交货（指定地点）2.FCA:货交承运人（指定地点）3.FAS:船边交货（指定装运港）4.FOB:船上交货（指定装运港）5.CFR:：成本加运费（指定目的港6.CIF:：成本、保险加运费（指定目的港）7.CPT;：运费付至（指定目的地）8.DAF:边境交货（指定地点）9.DES:：目的港船上交货（指定目的港）10.DEQ;目的港码头交货（指定目的港11.DDU:未完税交货（指定目的地）12.DDP:完税交货（指定目的地）13.Offer:：要约14.Offeror;：要约人；报价人；发盘人15.Offeree:受要约人；接盘人，受盘人；被发价人16.Invitation for offer:要约邀请；发盘邀请17.Subject to our final confirmation:需经我方最后确认18.Cross offer:交叉发盘；交叉报价；交错报价；交叉发价19.Withdrawal:要约的撤回20.Revocability:：发价的撤销21.Counter-offer;还价；还盘；反要约22.Acceptance:接受；接纳；承兑；赞同23.Mail box rule:投递生效原则24.Receive of the letter of acceptance rule:到达生效原则te acceptance:：迟到的承诺;逾期承诺26.Identified to the contract:将货物特定化；将货物划定在该项合同项下（将货物划作履行某一合同的标的）27.Shipping documents;装运单据;货运单据；船运单据28.Sale by description;凭文字说明买卖29.Sale by sample:凭样品买卖30.Fundamental breach of contract根本违约；重大违约31.Anticipatory breach先期违约32.Specific performance实际履行33.Breach of condition违反条件条款34.Breach of warranty违反担保条款35.Unconditionally appropriated to the contract无条件地划拨于合同项下36.Reserve the right of disposal保留对货物的处分权37.To the order of the seller or his agent：以卖方或其代理人的名字为抬头的提单；凭卖方或其代理人指示的提单38.Sale on approval:：试销；试用买卖39.Floating cargo:：在途货物；水运途中的货物40.Quality to be considered as being about equal to the sample符合样品凭规格、等级或标准买卖41.Sales by specification,grade or standard凭规格、等级或标准买卖42.Fair average quality符合通常目的；中等品；良好平均品质（国际上买卖农副产品时常用此标准）43.Sales by brand of trade mark44.More or less clause溢短装条款；或多或少条款45.Bulk cargo：散装货46.Nude cargo裸散货,裸装货，裸包装47.Gross for net：以毛重作净重,以毛作净$500Per M/T CIF New York每吨500美元,CIF(到岸价)纽约49.Fixed price定价；标价；固定价格50.Sliding-scale按滑动费率支付专利权税51.Time of shipment装运时间，装船时间52.Time of delivery交货时间，交付时间53.Advice of shipment：装运通知，装船通知54.Insurance to be effected by the buyer保险由买方办理55.Inspection and claim clause检查与索赔条款56.Upon arrival of port of destination到达目的港后57.After discharge of the goods at the port of destination到达目的港卸货后58.Inspection certificate of quality质量检验证书；品质检验证书59.Inspection certificate of weight：重量检验证书60.Sanitary inspection certificate卫生检验证书61.Veterinary inspection certificate兽医检验证书；动物检疫证书62.Plant quarantine certification植物(病虫害)检疫证明63.Force majeure clause不可抗力条款64.Arbitration仲裁,公断65.Bill of lading提单66.Charter-party：租船合同67.Gencon航次租船合同68.Baltime巴尔的摩定期租船合同69.Prima facie evidence：初步证据70.Conclusive evidence绝对证据；最后证据；决定性证据71.Shipped or on board bill of lading已装船提单72.Received for shipment B/L备运提单；收货待运提单73.Clean B/L清洁提单74.Claused B/L,or Foul B/L不清洁提单75.Letter of Indemnity保函；保证书76.Open B/L,Bearer B/L不记名提单；77.Oder b/L指示提单78.Direct B/L：直达提单79.Ocean through B/L：海上联运提单80.Liner B/L：班轮提单81.Charter B/L：租船提单82.Negotiable quality：流通性；可转让性83.Assignor：转让人；出让人84.Assignee：受让人；代理人；受托人85.Endorsement in blank：空白背书；不记名背书86.Special endorsement：记名背书87.Due diligence：特别背书应有的谨慎；应有的注意88.Seaworthiness船舶适航89.Cargoworthiness适货tent defect潜在缺陷91.From tackle to tackle钩到钩92.Deviation绕行93.Voyage Charter航次租船94.Time charter定期租船合同95.Charter by demise光船租船ytime装卸时间97.Demurrage滞期费98.Dispatch money速遣费99.Lien留置权100.Trading limits航区限制101.Chartered period特许期限102.Employment and indemnity雇用及赔偿（条款）103.Payment of hire租金104.Off hire停租105.Air consignment航空托运106.Air waybill航空货运单107.Successive carriers连续承运人108.Actrual carrier实际承运人109.International multimodal transport国际多式联运110.Container集装箱111.Uniform liability principle统一赔偿责任原则work liability principle网状责任制113.Insurable interest保险利益114.Disclosure of material facts重要事实披露115.Material representation116.insurance policy保险单117.Accidents意外事故118.Total loss全损119.Partial loss部分损失120.General average共同海损121.Particular average单独海损122.Actual total loss实际全损123.Constructive total loss推定全损124.Sue and labour expenses施救费用125.Salvage charge救助费用126.Free from particular average(FPA)平安险127.With particular average(WPA)水渍险128.All risks一切险129.Subrogation代位130.Abandonment委付131.Export credits guarantee出口信贷担保132.Negotiable instruments可转让票据133.Predecessor前手134.Promissory note本票135.Draft汇票136.Drawer出票人137.Drawee付款人138.Payee收款人139.Issue出票140.Sight bill即期汇票141.After sight见票后付款142.Without recourse无追索权143.Presentment出示144.Acceptance of draft承兑汇票145.Dishonour拒付146.Protest拒绝证书147.Notary public公证人148.Collection托收149.Principal委托方150.Remitting bank托收行151.Collecting bank代收行152.Remittance letter汇款书153.Document against payment(D/P)付款交单154.Document against payment sight即期付款交单155.Document against payment after sight远期付款交单156.Documents against acceptance(D/A)承兑交单157.Letter of credit(L/C)信用证158.Revocable L/C可撤销信用证159.Confirmed L/C保兑信用证160.Transferable and divisible L/C可转让分割信用证161.Standby L/C备用信用证162.Deferred payment L/C/延期付款信用证163.Applicant开证申请人164.Issuing bank开证行165.Advising bank通知行166.Beneficiary受益人167.Negotiating bank议付行168.Paying bank付款行169.GATT（全拼写）General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade关税及贸易总协定170.Absolute advantage theory绝对优势理论parative Advantage theory比较优势理论172.A la carte173.Grandfather clause祖父条款174.The negotiations Committee,TNC谈判委员会175.Ministerial-Level Meeting部长级会议176.Dunkel Draft邓克尔草案177.The Blair House Agreement布莱尔大厦协议178.WTO世界贸易组织179.Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization《马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定》.中文简称,《建立世界贸易组织协定》.180.Plurilateral Trade Agreement诸边贸易协定181.Trade Policy Review Mechanism贸易政策审议机制181.Ministerial Conference部长级会议182.General Council总理事会183.Council for Trade in Goods货物贸易理事会mittees on Trade and Development贸易与发展委员会mittees on Balance-of-payment Restrictions收支平衡限制委员会mittees on Budget,Finance and Administration预算,财务与行政小组委员会187.Secretariat of the WTO and Director-General世贸组织秘书处和总干事188.Privileges and immunity特权和豁免权189.Legal personality法人资格190.IMF国际货币基金组织191.IBRD国际复兴开发银行192.UNCTAD联合国贸易和发展会议，简称贸发会议193.WIPO世界知识产权组织194.ILO国际劳工组织195.Bank for International Settlement,BIS国际清算银行196.Regional Integration Agreement区域一体化协定197.Free Trade Area,Customs Union自由贸易区，关税同盟mon Market共同市场199.Reciprocity互惠200.MFN最惠国待遇201.The like products同类产品202.Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System商品名称及编码协调制度203.National treatment国民待遇204.Market access市场准入205.Import quotas进口配额206.Import license进口许可证207.Transparency透明度208.Ad valoren duty从价税209.Specific duty从量税bined duty结合税211.Import tariffs进口关税212.Transit duties过境税213.General tariff一般关税214.Generalized system of preference普遍优惠制215.Special preference216.Concession217.Schedule of tariff concession关税减让表218.Customs valuation海关估价219.Transaction value交易价值220.Deductive value倒扣价格mittee on Customs Valuation CCV海关估价委员会222.Agreement on Preshipment Inspection装运前检验协议223.Price verification价格鉴证224.Rule of origin原产地规则225.Import and export ordinance进出口条例226.Primary rule首要规则227.Residual rule剩余规则228.De minimis微量允许标准229.Dumping倾销230.Normal price正常价格231.The ordinary course of trade正常贸易过程232.Affiliated party关联方233.At arm’s length保持距离（原则）234.Constructed price推定价格235.Determination of injury反倾销产业损害236.Material injury实质损害237.Threat of material injury实质损害威胁238.Material retardation of the establishment of such industry实质性阻碍建立的产业239.Cumulative assessment累积评估240.Causal relationship因果关系241.Burden of proof举证责任；证明责任242.On-the–spot investigation实地考察；实地调查243.Best information available最佳获得资料；最佳可获得资料244.Preliminary determination初步认定；初裁245.Final determination最终裁决；最终裁定246.Judicial review司法审查247.Provisional measures临时措施248.Price undertakings价格承诺249.Retroactive application of anti-dumping duties追溯征收250.SCM补贴与反补贴措施协议251.Specificity（补贴）的专向性252.Prohibited subsidy禁止性补贴(253.Export subsidy出口补助254.Actionable subsidy（补贴协议）可诉补贴255.Nullification or impairment of benefit利益损害或丧失256.Serious prejudice严重损害257.State trading enterprises国营贸易企业ernment procurement政府采购业务259.Safeguard measures保障措施260.Gray area measures灰色区域措施261.Selective safeguards measures选择性的保障措施262.Voluntary export restraints自愿出口限制；出口自我设限；自动出口限制263.Orderly marketing arrangement有秩序销售协议264.Recent enough,sharp enough,sudden enough,significant enough进口数量的增长必须是在时间上足够临近的（recent enough），足够突然的（sudden enough），足够明显的（sharp enough），足够重要的（significant enough），并在数量上和性质上能造成或威胁造成严重损害265.Unforeseen development未预见的发展266.Clearly imminent迫在眉睫267.Import surcharges进口追加款；进口附加费268.TBT技术性贸易壁垒技术性贸易壁垒协议269.Conformity assessment procedures符合性评估程序270.Preparation,adoption and application of technical regulation准备，接受和应用技术规则272.SPS卫生和植物检疫措施协议273.Primary products初级产品；农产品274.Domestic support(农产品)国内支持275.Deficiency payment差额补贴276.AMS支持总量277.reasonable departure cla use合理背离条款278.Agreement Regarding International Trade in Cotton Textiles在关于棉纺织品的国际贸易中有担保义务280.ATC纺织品与服装协定281.GATS服务业贸易总协定282.Cross-border supply跨境交付；跨境提供283.Consumption abroad（服务贸易）境外消费mercial presence商业存在285.Movement of natural persons关于自然人流动问题谈判的决定286.Horizontal commitments水平承诺287.Wholesale trade service批发贸易服务288.Distributive trade service分销业服务289.TRIPs与贸易有关的知识产权协定290.Geographic indication地理标志291.Marks of origin原产国标记；产地标记292.Industrial design工业设计293.Patents专利yout designs of integrated circuits集成电路布图设计295.Coercive package licensing强制性一揽子许可296.Injunctions禁令297.Damages损害赔偿298.TRIMs与贸易有关的投资措施290.Optimal use合理利用291.Social accountability社会责任；social Accountability8000即"社会责任标准" petition policy竞争政策293.Consensus协商一致294.Negative consensus反向一致295.TPRB贸易政策评审机构296.DSB争端解决机构297Consultation磋商298.Exhaustion of remedy穷尽法律救济299.Violation case违反之诉300.Non-violation case非违反之诉301.Panel专家组302.Appellate body上诉机构303.Arbitration仲裁304.Parallel retaliation平行报复305.Cross retaliation交叉报复2015年8月资料来源：育明考研考博官网。
2016-2017年对外经济贸易大学831会计学综合《资本结构质量分析》讲义—新祥旭考研辅导
第三章资本结构质量分析（重点）1．负债：是指企业在某一特定日期承担的，过去的交易或事项形成的预期导致经济利益流出企业的现时义务。
2．流动负债质量分析：流动资产是一年以内可变现的资产项目，流动负债为一年内应清偿的债务责任。
任一时点，两者的数量对比对企业的短期经营活动均产生十分重要的影响：1）流动负债周转分析。
流动性差的短期负债会在无形中降低企业的流动风险，如果不对流动负债各部分按流动性进行区分与分析，往往会高估企业的流动性风险。
2）非强制性流动负债分析。
对于企业短期偿债能力来说，能够真正影响企业显示偿债能力的是那些强制性债务。
对于预收款项，部分应付张狂，其他应付款鞥，由于某些因素的影响，不必当期偿付，实际上并不构成对企业短期付款的压力，属于非强制性债务。
3）企业短期贷款规模可能包含的融资质量信息4）企业应付票据与应付账款的数量变化包含的经营质量信息。
5）企业税金缴纳情况与税务环境。
如果企业的应交所得税递延所得税负债表现为增加的态势，表明在纳税方面有可以允许企业推迟缴纳税款的相对有利的税务环境。
3．预计负债：反映企业确认的对外提供担保、未决诉讼、产品质量保证、亏损性合同、重组义务等很可能产生的负债，如果与或有事项有关的义务同时符合以下条件，企业应将其确认为负债，并在资产负债表上以预计负债单独反映：第一，该义务是企业承担的现时义务；第二，该义务的履行很可能导致经济利益流出企业；第三，该义务的金额能可靠地计量。
其中“很可能”指发生的可能性为“>50%<=95%”4．非流动负债质量分析1）企业非流动负债所形成的固定资产、无形资产的利用状况与增量效益。
企业非流动负债形成的固定资产无形资产必须得到充分利用；企业非流动负债形成的固定资产无形资产必须产生增量效益。
2）企业非流动负债所形成的长期股权投资的效益及其质量。
长期股权投资必须产生投资收益，且投资收益对应相当规模的货币回收。
3）企业非流动负债所对应的流动资产与质量。
对外经济贸易大学考研辅导机构排行榜
对外经济贸易大学考研辅导机构排行榜笔者在京经历了本科和研究生，同时在多家考研机构担任过兼职老师或者管理工作。
经过8年来对北京考研培训行业的认识和理解。
现在把一些考研机构推荐给大家，希望能够给考研的学子以正确的引导。
对外经济贸易大学考研辅导机构排名（只列前五名）新祥旭考研海文跨考文都爱考1，新祥旭考研。
新祥旭考研是出现最早的专业辅导班，起初由人大，北大和贸大非常优秀的各专业毕业研究生创办的。
因为其“得天独厚”的信息和资源教优势，资料和授课老师方面的质量特别高，出了不少考研状元。
目前应该说是最权威的贸大辅导机构,口碑也不错.近几年贸大很多专业的前三名都是出自新祥旭教育机构。
在复试方面也是有着非常丰富的经验，在他们机构，目前还没有复试不过的学生，在业界有着及其良好的口碑。
2，海文。
公共课大鳄。
贸大的辅导也是近两年才开设的课程，所以在师资方面没有做到非常的全面和完善，去年起开始租用名义举办专业课辅导班，特点是覆盖高校面积最广，几乎辅导北京所有高校。
不过由于范围太广，在专业课方面没有特别强的针对性效果并不理想。
不过其优点是规模大，缺点是缺乏专业性。
3，跨考。
跨考是专业的公共课考研辅导机构，主要做专业课、魔鬼集训辅导等方面，魔鬼集训处于领先水平，全国的分校也比较多。
但是专业课辅导班都是大班授课，没有新祥旭教育的针对性强，在专业课方面还是一对一的效果比较明显，毕竟不同学生的基础也是不一样的，专业课在最终的总分上面是起着决定性因素的，专业课的自我突破肯定是非常重要的。
而且现在考研方面专业课的“一对一辅导”也是一个很大的趋势了。
4，文都。
主要也是做公共课集训营的辅导，在贸大专业课方面师资和资料的配备也不尽完善，近几年的发展也是很慢的，没有跨考机构那样突飞猛进的效果。
5、爱考。
06年出现的新秀，没有任何历史资料。
特点是来势凶猛，开始课程比考易通还要多，广告投入量也是很大。
校园和网上的广告起步较早。
与恩波合作，不过似乎北京学生并不买恩波的帐，北京效果远远不及南京大本营。
2017年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译硕士考研翻译基础经济学名词笔记1—新祥旭考研辅导
1国民生产总值和国内生产总值国民生产总值（简称GNP）是指一个国家（地区）所有常住机构单位在一定时期内（年或季）收入初次分配的最终成果。
一个国家常住机构单位从事生产活动所创造的增加值（国内生产总值）在初次分配过程中主要分配给这个国家的常住机构单位，但也有一部分以劳动者报酬和财产收入等形式分配给该国的非常住机构单位。
同时，国外生产单位所创造的增加值也有一部分以劳动者报酬和财产收入等形式分配给该国的常住机构单位。
从而产生了国民生产总值概念，它等于国内生产总值加上来自国外的劳动报酬和财产收入减去支付给国外的劳动者报酬和财产收入。
GNP是与所谓的国民原则联系在起的。
国内生产总值，简称GDP)是指在一定时期内（一个季度或一年），一个国家或地区的经济中所生产出的全部最终产品和劳务的价值，常被公认为衡量国家经济状况的最佳指标。
它不但可反映一个国家的经济表现，更可以反映一国的国力与财富。
一般来说，国内生产总值共有四个不同的组成部分，其中包括消费、私人投资、政府支出和净出口额。
用公式表示为：GDP=CA+I+CB+X式中：CA为消费、I为私人投资、CB为政府支出、X 为净出口额。
国内生产总值GDP是核算体系中一个重要的综合性统计指标，也是我国新国民经济核算体系中的核心指标。
它反映一国（或地区）的经济实力和市场规模。
国内生产总值是反映常住单位生产活动成果的指标。
2生产法、收入法和支出法生产法是从生产过程中创造的货物和服务价值入手，剔除生产过程中投入的中间货物和服务价值，得到增加价值的一种方法。
国民经济各产业部门生产法增加值计算公式如下：增加值=总产出一中间投入。
将国民经济各产业部门生产法增加值相加，得到生产法国内生产总值。
收入法也称分配法，从生产过程形成收入的角度，对常住单位的生产活动成果进行核算。
国民经济各产业部门收入法增加值由劳动者报酬、生产税净额、固定资产折旧和营业盈余四个部分组成。
计算公式为：增加值＝劳动者报酬＋生产税净额＋固定资产折旧＋营业盈余。
2017年对外经济贸易大学831会计学综合考研专业英语讲义13—新祥旭考研辅导
Chapter10LiabilitiesCollateral:assets that have been pledged to secure specific liabilities.Creditors with secured claims can foreclose on these assets if the borrower defaultsEstimated liabilities:liabilities known to exist,but that must be recorded in the accounting records at estimated dollar amounts.Current liabilitiesAccrued liabilities arise from the recognition of expense for which payment will be made in a future period.Thus accrued liabilities also are called accrued expenses.Examples of accrued liabilities include interest payable,income payable,income taxes payable,and a number of liabilities relating to payrolls.Long-term liabilitiesMaturing obligations intended to be refinancedIf management has both the intent and the ability to refinance soon-to-mature obligations on a long-term basis,these obligations are classified as long-term liabilities.In this situation,the accountant looks more to the economic substance of the situation rather than to its legal form. When the economic substance of a transaction differs from its legal form or its outward appearance,financial statements should reflect the economic substance.Accountants summarize this concept with the phrase“substance takes precedence over form”Amortization table:a schedule that indicates how installment payments are allocated between interest expense and repayment of principal.Bonds payable(非常重要的内容)Bonds payable:long-term debt securities that subdivide a very large and long-term corporate debt into transferable increments of$1000or multiples thereof.The principal advantage of issuing bonds instead of capital stock is that interest payments to bondholders are deductible in determining taxable income,whereas dividends payments to stockholders are not.Sinking fund:cash set aside by a corporation at regular intervals(usually with a trustee)for the purpose of repaying a bond issue at its maturity date.Convertible bond(10年名詞):a bond that may be exchanged(at the bondholder’s option)for a specified number of shares of the company’s capital stock.Junk bond:bonds payable that involve a greater than normal risk of default and,therefore,must pay higher than normal rates of interest in order to be attractive to investors.Changes in the current level of interest are not the only factors that influencing the market prices of bonds.The length of time remaining until the bonds mature is another major force.As a bond nears its maturity date,its market price normally moves closer and closer to the maturity value.This trend is dependable because the bonds are redeemed at face value on the maturity date.(05年汉译英)Remember that,after bonds have been issued,they belong to the bondholder,not to the issuing corporation.Therefore,changes in the market price of bonds subsequent to their issuance do not affect the amounts shown in the financial statements of the issuing corporation,and these changes are not recorded in the company’s accounting records.Estimated liabilities,loss contingencies,and commitmentsEstimated liabilities（2011年名词解释）The term estimated liabilities refers to liabilities that appear in financial statements at estimated dollar amounts.Estimated liabilities involve some degree of uncertainty.However,(1)the liabilities are known to exist,and(2)the uncertainty as to dollar amount is not so great as to prevent the company from making a reasonable estimate and recording the liability.Loss contingenciesSituations involving uncertainty as to whether a loss has occurred.The uncertainty will be resolved by a future event.An example of a loss contingency is the possible loss relating to a lawsuit pending against a company.Although loss contingencies are sometimes recorded in the accounts,they are more frequently disclosed only in notes to the financial statements.Loss contingencies are recorded in the accounting records only when both of the following criteria are met(1)it is probable that a loss has been incurred,and(2)the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated.When these criteria are not met,loss contingencies are disclosed in notes to the financial statements if there is a reasonable possibility that a material loss has been incurred Loss contingencies differ from estimated liabilities in two ways.First,a loss contingency may involve a greater degree of uncertainty.Often the uncertainty extends to whether any loss or expense actually has been incurred.In contrast,the loss or expense relating to an estimate liability is known to exist.Second,the concept of a loss contingency extends not only to possible liabilities,but also to possible impairments of assets.Commitments:agreements to carry out future transactions.although they are not a liability(because the transaction has not yet been performed),they may be disclosed in notes to the financial statements.Evaluating the Safety of Creditors’ClaimsDebt ratio负债比率=Total Liabilities/total assetsInterest coverage ratio利息保障比率or Times interest earned利息保障倍数=operating income/annual interest expense.Indicating the number of times that the company was able to earn the amount of its interest charges.Leverage:using borrowing money to finance business operations is called applying~The effect of leverage may be summarized as follows:ROA>interest rates being paid net income/ROE increaseROA<nterest rates being paid net income/ROE decreaseFinancial analysis and decision makingShort-term:Quick ratio.Current ratio Working capital Turnover rates Operating cycle Net cash flows from operating activities Lines of credit.Long-term:Debt ratio interest coverage ratio Trend in net cash flows from operating activities. Trend in net incomeDeferred income taxes:A liability account to pay income taxes that have been postponed to a future year’s income tax return.In some cases,this account can also be an asset account representing income taxes to be saved in a future year’s income tax return.Present value:(of a future amount):the amount of money that an informed investor would pay today for the right to receive the future amount,based on a specific rate of return required by the investor.Summary of learning objectivesLog6.Account for bonds issued at a discount or premium:Log8.Explain how estimated liabilities,loss contingencies,and commitments are disclosed in financial statements.。
2016-2017年对外经济贸易大学税务硕士(MT)就业前景及就业方向—新祥旭考研辅导
就业前景：
目前由于国家对税务的严格管理，对税务人员的职业操守和专业素养要求越来越高，对于具有较高职业素养的税务硕士需求比较大，此专业的就业前景比较广阔。
其就业主要面向税务机关、企业、中介机构及司法部门等相关职业。
就业去向：
(专业硕士)税务硕士毕业生毕业后主要从事以下几方面的工作：
1、税务局或者进律师的税务所(华税、金杜、君合等税务律所)从事相关工作。
2、考取注册税务师CTA，从事税务审计，税务代理等工作。
3、考取注册会计师，从事审计、税务、会计方面的咨询工作。
4、可以在公司里从事税务管理，还有很多大的咨询公司的税务顾问等。
可考证书：
注册税务师、资产评估师、房地产评估师，审计师、CPAA。
对外贸易常用英语词汇.doc
想出，熟思 think out吸引…的注意 get the attention of食品杂货店 grocery store为…竞争 compete for干得好 do a good job记在心里 remain in one’s mind收款台 checkout counter国营公司 state-owned company合资公司 joint ventures白雪覆盖的山顶 snow-covered peak糖衣药丸 sugar-coated pills营业时间 business hors因公 on business开始谈正事 get down to business激烈的竞争 strong competition通货膨胀 inflation顺差 surplus城市商业区 downtown business district保险业 insurance不断的 never-ending受限于 be limited by被认为是 be perceived as把…局限于confine…to为了一切有实用价值的目的 for all practical purposes 能够做 in the position to do使…变成turn…to对…有影响 have an effect on总纲 general principles以…为目的 be aimed at与…相关的 relate to与…联系在一起 associate with太阳能 solar power受…的控制 be subjected to引入 lead up通讯系统 communication system能源危机 an energy crisis财政危机 a financial crisis业余画家 an amateur painter业余摄影家 an amateur photographer道德的基础 the basis of morality柱基 the base of a pillar自然现象 the phenomena of nature故意的 on purpose商业银行 a commercial bank金融机构 a financial institution金融中心 a financial centre财政困难 in financial difficulties与生俱来的特权 the privileges of birth活期存款账户 checking accounts定期存款账户 savings accounts州政府 the state government联邦政府 the federal government答应一项帮助 grant a favor答应一项请求 grant a request发给银行执照 grant a charter to the bank一定量的资产 a specified volume of assets遵循一定的常规 follow certain practices隶属于州的银行 state banks国家银行 national banks活期存款 demand deposits与…相结合 couple with部分准备制的原理 the fractional reserve principle 在任何一次 at any one time可用，握有 on hand公债 government loans内债 domestic loans外债 foreign loans可能的买主 a prospective buyer增加了 increase by增加到 increase to被看作 be counted as防备取款 a precaution against withdrawals追溯到 trace to法定最低储备金 the required reserve额外储备金 excess reserves就…意义而言 in the sense在某种意义上 in a sense自由港 free port外贸保税区 foreign-trade zones经济特区 special economic zones从事于政治 engage in politics忙着工作 be engage in business与某人订婚 be engage to sb.普通港口 a regular port中东 the Middle East远东 the Far East近东 the Near East关税壁垒 tariff barriers起作用，生效 in operation为…付关税 pay a tariff on…索价，要价 charg e…for原材料 raw material制成品 manufactured products码头工人 dock workers造船厂，修船所 dockyard内河航行 inland navigation国内工业 home industries国内产品 home products国内贸易 the home trade国内市场 the home market美国国会 the United States Congress外贸保税区法 the Foreign Trade Zones Act(英国)议院的法案 An Act of Parliament(美国)国会的法案 The Acts of congress外贸保税区管理委员会 the Foreign Trade Zone Board 董事会 the Board of Directors国际商务局 the Bureau of International Commerce天津商检局 Tianjin Commodity Inspection Bureau美国商业部United States Department of Commerce 市场经济 market economy计划经济 planned economy决定性的测验 the crucial test决定性的问题 the crucial question在重要的关头 at the crucial moment以分散的方式 in a decentralized fashion市场价格机制 a price-and-market mechanism技术工 skilled labor劳工与雇主之间的关系 labor relations工党 the Labor Party纯粹的形式 a pure form英国工业革命 the English Industrial Revolution法国大革命 The French Revolution普遍地 at large倾向于做某事 be inclined to do sth.全社会 society at large有…倾向的 be subject to由…产生的 stem from实质上，根本上 in effect供求机制 the supply and demand mechanism完全承袭…传统 in the full tradition of对于…感到悲观 be pessimistic about对于…感到乐观 be optimistic about指出 point out个人利益private interest社会利益 society interest支持某人on sb’s side获胜，击败 triumph over高度计划的社会主义经济 highly planned socialist economies用这样或那样的方式 in one way or another介入 step in决不 by no means当然，必定 by all means就…而言 as far as…is concerned比较利益 comparative advantage把…从…解放出来free…from使…束缚于bind…to…生产过程 production processes比较利益原则 the law of comparative advantage指…而言 refer to把…比作为 compare to适用于 be applicable to使适应，使适合 be geared to/toward为某事给某人报酬或奖赏 reward sb for sth把…应用于，使用于apply…to…归类程序 sorting process彼此 one another相比之下 by contrast卷入 involve in完完全全的自由贸易 perfectly free commerce致力于devote…to对…有益处的 be beneficial to整个社会的普遍利益 the universal good of the whole独特的力量 the peculiar powers 两份报纸 two copies of newspaper一块肥皂 a bar of soap一件家具 a piece of furniture一把剪刀 a pair of scissors丢弃 throw away陷入困境 get into trouble工业产品 industrial goods农产品 agriculture goods一辈子一次性的收获 a one-in-a-lifetime acquisition 没有出路的工作 a dead-end job付一大笔钱 pay good money过时 be out of fashion流行 be in the fashion批量生产 mass-production降低成本 lower the cost在起作用 be at work物美价廉的产品 better quality products at good values 所得税 income tax投放市场 put on the market小批量 in limited quantities大量地 in large quantities要求 ask for下降 go down从商go into business努力做某事 strive to do sth.医疗设备 medical device劣质产品 inferior products一条面包 a loaf of bread温和宽容的 easy- going人造丝 artificial silk假牙 artificial teeth对…有害 be harmful to警惕 be on guard认为某事当然 take sth for granted由…组成 be composed of一个中年妇女 a middle-aged women一些性格开朗的女孩 an open-minded girl一个意志软弱的人 a weak-minded man一个意志坚强的人 a strong-minded soldier遭受 suffer from由于压力 as a result of stress警告信号 warning signals交通阻塞 traffic jam指出 point out逃离 run away from自杀 commit suicide从事摄影 take up photography高度工业化国家 a highly industrialized country工业生产 industrial production制成品 manufactured goods领先 take over the lead失去领先地位 lose one’s lead赤字 in the red就…而言 as far as … is concerned易手 change hands赚钱 earn money金融中心 a financial centre贸易中心 a commercial centre国际贸易 international trade外贸 foreign trade商船船队 a merchant fleet巨额金钱 vast sums of money一大笔钱 a large sum of money对付，处理 deal with有形贸易 visible trade无形贸易 invisible trade贸易差额 trade gap失血 loss of blood高度机械化的工厂 highly mechanized factory产品统一条形码 universal product code黑白相间的条纹 zebra stripes (or black and white stripes) 斑马线 zebra crossing油炸土豆片 potato chips炸薯条 French fries黑白电视机 black and white televisions墨画 black and white身上青一块紫一块 be black and blue光学扫描器 an optical scanner激光束 laser beam目的是 be designed to消灭，消除 do away with付账后离开 check out到达登记 check in现金出纳机 cash register在左边 on the left side收款台 check out counter原材料 raw materials制成品 manufactured goods近在手边 at hand衣夹 clothes-peg晒衣绳 clothes-line桌布 a tablecloth洗碗布 a dishcloth洗碗机 a dishwasher原始人 primitive people现代人 modern people穿着 be dressed in从…上刮去scrape…from把…纺成…spin…into…把…制成make…into4000万年前 over four thousand years ago 在远古时 in the time immemorial富人和穷人一样 the rich and the poor alike 想到 think of剪去 cut off讲故事 spin a yarn保守秘密 keep a secret直接税 direct taxes间接税 indirect taxes收入所得税 income taxes纳税人 taxpayer税务员 tax-collector免税的 tax-free国税 state taxes地方税 local taxes穷人 the poor富人 the rich年轻人 the young老年人the old高达 as high as以…形势 in the form of政府机关 government offices凭借 by means of在某个星期一的早晨 on a Monday morning 在星期一的早晨 on Monday morning乘火车 take train乘公共汽车 take bus布莱克一家 the Blacks向某人道别 say goodbye to sb.向某人道歉 say sorry to sb.每隔几分钟 every few minutes每隔一天 every other day每隔一行 every other line不久以后 shortly afterwards通向 lead to抓牢 hold on to一打鸡蛋 a dozen eggs在阳光下 in the sun注意 pay attention to继续作某事 keep (on) doting好像 as if自信 self-confidence自信的 self-confident自大的 self-important自助的 self-service自给自足的 self-sufficient自学的 self-taught一般的 in general确信 be sure of习惯于 become accustomed to抱怨 complain about说实话 tell the truth说谎 tell a lie适用于 apply to处理 deal with依赖于 depend on必修课 a required course同…相处 get along with考虑 think about日复一日 from day to day从始自终 from beginning to end每况愈下 from bad to worse减速 slow down在使用中 in use不再使用 out of use免费入场 admission free免所得税 free of income tax免费获得某物get sth. free再步行一段路即可到达的距离之内 within walking distance 探知，查明 find out得到以下结论 come to the conclusion that得出结论 draw a conclusion交通高峰时间 rush hours交通拥挤 traffic jams援助计划 aid program视觉教具 visual aids助听器 hearing-aid捏粘土 work clay揉面团 work dough一定数量的 a certain amount of大量地 in large amounts小额地 in small amounts优于 be superior to劣于 be inferior to把…与…相混合mix…with…把…与…分开separate…from把…分成separate…into用尽 use up表现了…的特点 be characteristic of究竟，到底 on earth五大湖区 the Grate Lakes region通知某人某事 inform sb of sth.利用 take advantage of准备某事 be ready to do sth.很容易拿到 within easy reach够不到 out of reach想出，熟思 think out吸引…的注意 get the attention of食品杂货店 grocery store为…竞争 compete for干得好 do a good job记在心里 remain in one’s mind收款台 checkout counter国营公司 state-owned company合资公司 joint ventures白雪覆盖的山顶 snow-covered peak糖衣药丸 sugar-coated pills营业时间 business hors因公 on business开始谈正事 get down to business激烈的竞争 strong competition通货膨胀 inflation顺差 surplus城市商业区 downtown business district保险业 insurance不断的 never-ending受限于 be limited by被认为是 be perceived as把…局限于confine…to为了一切有实用价值的目的 for all practical purposes 能够做 in the position to do使…变成turn…to对…有影响 have an effect on总纲 general principles以…为目的 be aimed at与…相关的 relate to与…联系在一起 associate with太阳能 solar power受…的控制 be subjected to引入 lead up通讯系统 communication system能源危机 an energy crisis财政危机 a financial crisis业余画家 an amateur painter业余摄影家 an amateur photographer道德的基础 the basis of morality柱基 the base of a pillar自然现象 the phenomena of nature故意的 on purpose商业银行 a commercial bank金融机构 a financial institution金融中心 a financial centre财政困难 in financial difficulties与生俱来的特权 the privileges of birth活期存款账户 checking accounts定期存款账户 savings accounts州政府 the state government联邦政府 the federal government答应一项帮助 grant a favor答应一项请求 grant a request发给银行执照 grant a charter to the bank一定量的资产 a specified volume of assets遵循一定的常规 follow certain practices隶属于州的银行 state banks国家银行 national banks活期存款 demand deposits与…相结合 couple with部分准备制的原理 the fractional reserve principle 在任何一次 at any one time可用，握有 on hand公债 government loans内债 domestic loans外债 foreign loans可能的买主 a prospective buyer增加了 increase by增加到 increase to被看作 be counted as防备取款 a precaution against withdrawals追溯到 trace to法定最低储备金 the required reserve额外储备金 excess reserves就…意义而言 in the sense在某种意义上 in a sense自由港 free port外贸保税区 foreign-trade zones经济特区 special economic zones从事于政治 engage in politics忙着工作 be engage in business与某人订婚 be engage to sb.普通港口 a regular port中东 the Middle East远东 the Far East近东 the Near East关税壁垒 tariff barriers起作用，生效 in operation为…付关税 pay a tariff on…索价，要价charge…for原材料 raw material制成品 manufactured products码头工人 dock workers造船厂，修船所 dockyard内河航行 inland navigation国内工业 home industries国内产品 home products国内贸易 the home trade国内市场 the home market美国国会 the United States Congress外贸保税区法 the Foreign Trade Zones Act(英国)议院的法案 An Act of Parliament(美国)国会的法案 The Acts of congress外贸保税区管理委员会 the Foreign Trade Zone Board 董事会 the Board of Directors国际商务局 the Bureau of International Commerce天津商检局 Tianjin Commodity Inspection Bureau美国商业部United States Department of Commerce 市场经济 market economy计划经济 planned economy决定性的测验 the crucial test决定性的问题 the crucial question在重要的关头 at the crucial moment以分散的方式 in a decentralized fashion市场价格机制 a price-and-market mechanism技术工 skilled labor劳工与雇主之间的关系 labor relations工党 the Labor Party纯粹的形式 a pure form英国工业革命 the English Industrial Revolution法国大革命 The French Revolution普遍地 at large倾向于做某事 be inclined to do sth.全社会 society at large有…倾向的 be subject to由…产生的 stem from实质上，根本上 in effect供求机制 the supply and demand mechanism完全承袭…传统 in the full tradition of对于…感到悲观 be pessimistic about对于…感到乐观 be optimistic about指出 point out个人利益private interest社会利益 society interest支持某人on sb’s side获胜，击败 triumph over高度计划的社会主义经济 highly planned socialist economies 用这样或那样的方式 in one way or another介入 step in决不 by no means当然，必定 by all means就…而言 as far as…is concerned比较利益 comparative advantage把…从…解放出来free…from使…束缚于bind…to…生产过程 production processes比较利益原则 the law of comparative advantage指…而言 refer to把…比作为 compare to适用于 be applicable to使适应，使适合 be geared to/toward为某事给某人报酬或奖赏 reward sb for sth把…应用于，使用于apply…to…归类程序 sorting process彼此 one another相比之下 by contrast卷入 involve in完完全全的自由贸易 perfectly free commerce致力于devote…to对…有益处的 be beneficial to整个社会的普遍利益 the universal good of the whole独特的力量 the peculiar powers大批量生产 mass production总的生产规模 the general mass of productions总收益 general benefit商业往来 commercial intercourse文明世界 the civilized world把…用于…employ…in不得不做某事 be obliged to do sth. 在…方面低劣 inferior in在…方面优越 superior in交换 in exchange for对…有利 be advantageous for 使…从…转移到divert…from…to标准化集装箱 standardized containers 集装箱运输container transport陆运 overland transportation海运 sea transportation空运 air transportation水运 water transportation管道运输 pipeline transportation联运 combined transport承运人 carrier托运人 consignor收货人 consignee铁路运单 consignment note空运单 air waybill租船合同 charter party提单 bill of lading订舱单 booking note重新占领市场 regain market share背负式运输服务 piggy-back service 从…方面来讲 in terms of专门从事 specialize in与…结合 merge with失效，崩溃 break down存货占用成本 inventory carrying costs 短途送货short-distance distribution长途送货long distance distribution汽车装运的货物 trucked goods空运货物 air freight基础设施 infrastructure广告媒介 advertising media天天，逐日 from day to day并肩地，相互支持地 side by side说出，(尤指无意间)吐露 throw out吐露秘密 throw out a secret有吸引力，引起兴趣 appeal to目标观众 target audiences有线电视 cable television有线电视广告收入 cable ad revenues使遭受，面对 be exposed to抛却，扔掉 throw away旧货商 a junk dealer预付费用 the advance cost成本效益 cost effectiveness被分为 be segmented into(广播中的)答问节目 talk shows解释，说明 account for使（某人）信服convince…of…相当提前 well in advance有…倾向的 be subject to有很高的重复接触率 high repeat exposure保险 insurance保险额 insurance value保险公司 insurance company保险范围 insurance coverage保险费 insurance premium作为对…的报答 in return for防御 protect against不愿意做某事 be unwilling to do经商，经营 in business因公有事 on business赚钱 make a profit收入，接受，吸收 take in付钱（如福清费用）pay out投保人 policyholder保险单 policy建于…之上 be based on索价，要价 charge for毛利 gross profit净利 net profit国民生产总值 gross national product统计学原理 a statistical principle大数定律 law of larger numbers随…变动 vary with在相反的情形下 in the opposite situation使恢复 bring sb back to在…之前 prior to为此目的 toward this end由于…而发生 result from导致 result in故意行为 an intentional act放火纵火 set fire to sth在欺诈的情况下 in cases of fraud有助于，促成 contribute to重置费用 replacement cost资本支出 capital expenditure资本货物 capital goods固定资本 fixed capital流动资本 floating capital资本积累 accumulation of capital原始资本积累 primitive accumulation of capital 把…用于employ…in…以同样的方式 in the same manner有几分，有点儿 in a manner补偿贸易 compensation trade在和平时期 in time of peace在战争时期 in time of war足够的 a sufficiency of sth迫使某人做某事 oblige sb to do sth侵占，侵害 encroach upon/on预定，命中注定 be destined for由…所造成的 be occasioned by在大多数情况下 upon most occasions在那个时机 on that occasion曾经，有一次 on one occasion很少，不常 on rare occasions足以 be sufficient to从…而产生出来的 be derived from使恢复 restore to投资需求 investment demand投资规模 investment scale消费者需求 consumer demand国民收入 national income指出 point out在…方面起着关键作用 be pivotal in设身处地 put oneself in the place of可能作某事 be likely to do许多 a host of对某事加以考虑 take sth into account对某事不予考虑 leave sth out of account在开始时 at the outset从开始时 from the outset政府的年限 the life of a government企业预测 business expectations决定性的因素 a crucial factor在重要的关头 at the crucial moment在…方面 in terms of在人力方面 in terms of manpower在理论上 in terms of theory投资于 invest in以…代替…replace…with…创新进步innovational advances大波动 major fluctuations领导，带头 take the lead成群，大批 in a swarm一大群蚂蚁 a swarm of ants生产资料 means of production大量购买 buy in bulk参考书 reference book面对…困难 come up against利息率，利率 the interest rate货币市场 money market企业投资支出 business investment expenditure 不愿做某事 be reluctant to do和…联系在一起 be associated with与…有关系 be related to归因于 ascribe to规模经济 economies of scale以空前的速度 at an unprecedented rate换句话说 to put it in somewhat different words 成功地做成某事 succeed in doing sth压出，榨取squeeze…out of每一单位投入 every unit of input多于，超过 in excess of过渡 to excess在非常有利的条件下 under extremely favorable conditions 优于，胜过 be superior to劣于，次于 be inferior to在春末 in late spring企图做某事，尝试做某事 attempt at doing sth攻击，袭击attempt on拆开，拆散 take sth apart国民生产总值 Gross National Product (GNP)生产性投资 productive investment与…并驾齐驱 keep pace with由于…的原因owing to因…值得受到称赞 deserve credit for与…对照，与…对比 as opposed to外汇分配 foreign exchange allocations停止 leave off可自由支配的收入 disposable income对…负责 be responsible for准备，筹备 provide for到现在为止 as yet弥补 make up for政府支出 government expenditures消费支出consumption expenditures时间滞差 a time lag总计，合计 in the aggregate集中精力于 concentrate on与…有很大关系 have a lot to do with与…无关系 have nothing to do with逐渐获得，逐渐建立 built up免税 tax exemptions技术，技能 know-how擦去 wipe away辨别，区别 distinguish one thing from another建于…之上 be based on/upon独有的特权exclusive privileges独家代理权 exclusive agency商标 trademark商品名称 trade name同类卖价，批发价格 trade price关于 with respect to不管，不顾虑 without respect to公平交易 fair dealing使…与…相关联attach…to…就…之限度，在…范围内 so far as无形因素 intangible factors无形资产 intangible assets对某事加以考虑 take sth into account大约，多少有一点 more or less广泛的兴趣 a wide range of interest相当独特 fairly individual显著，杰出 stand out反之亦然 vice versa垄断性竞争 monopolistic competition常常 more often than not纯粹的垄断 pure monopoly纯粹的竞争 pure competition纯粹浪费时间 a pure waste of time至于 as for需求曲线 demand curve概言之，一般说来 in general阻止某人做某事 preclude sb from doing sth排除所有误解 preclude all misunderstanding需求计划 demand schedule与…竞争 in competition with不完全竞争市场 imperfectly competitive market 与…配对 be paired with以任意的形势 in random fashion与…合并 be merged with有几分，稍稍 in some measure把…至于显著地位 bring into the foreground产生 arise from部分独立 partial independence经济学文献 economic literature给…以其应有分量 give due weight to集中精力于 focus attention on观点 point of view与…不协调 out of harmony with与…协调 in harmony with经济增长的代价the cost of economic growth不惜任何代价，无论如何 at all costs丧失，牺牲 at the cost of势如破竹的胜利 an overwhelming victory极度的悲哀 overwhelming sorrow绝大部分公民 the overwhelming number of its citizens 渴望，向往 yearn for继续，连续 a continuation of为…奋斗 struggle for心醉于，被迷倒 be charmed with踩，践踏 tread on sth踩在某人的脚趾上 tread on sb’s toes相互追逐 tread on each other’s heels得意洋洋 tread on air与某人祸福与共 cast in one’s lot with sb决不是，绝对不 anything but盼望，期待 look forward to结果，因此 in consequence富裕繁荣的社会 the affluent society在富裕的环境中 in affluent circumstances对…满意 be content with丰富的饮食 food and drink in abundance过着丰衣足食的生活 live in abundance依次，轮流 in turn赶上琼斯家 keep up with the Joneses赶上，不落后 Keep up with sb/sth继续作某事 deep on doing sth更富有，跟舒服 be better off生产商诱导而产生的需要 producer-induced demand 成为…之一部分 enter into sth自然增长或产生 accrue from sth英国的工业革命 the English Industrial Revolution传统的生活方式 traditional pattern of life仅仅，只不过 nothing but等于 amount to不是，而是not…but…。
2016-2017年对外经济贸易大学国际贸易实务期末考试模拟题—新祥旭考研
一、单项选择:1、贸易术语中一般不涉及的内容是（C）。
Ａ．交货地点Ｂ．费用划分Ｃ．所有权转移Ｄ．风险转移2.凭样品买卖要求卖方交货（A）Ａ．必须符合样品Ｂ．大致符合样品Ｃ．必须符合样品，并提供对等样本Ｄ．大致符合样品，并不需提供对等样品3.专门解释CIF合同的国际贸易惯例是（A）。
A.《华沙—牛津规则》B.《美国对外贸易定义》C.《国际贸易术语解释通则》D.《国际货物销售合同公约》4、凭样品买卖要求卖方交货（A）Ａ．必须符合样品Ｂ．大致符合样品Ｃ．必须符合样品，并提供对等样本Ｄ．大致符合样品，并不需提供对等样品5、贸易术语中一般不涉及的内容是（C）。
Ａ．交货地点Ｂ．费用划分Ｃ．所有权转移Ｄ．风险转移6、保护人身安全的运输标志是（B）Ａ．运输标志Ｂ．警告性标志Ｃ．指示性标志Ｄ．集装箱标志7、船舶搁浅时，为使船舶脱险而雇用拖驳强行脱浅所支出的费用，属于（C）A．实际全损B．推定全损C．共同海损D．单独海损8、某公司对外报价为CIF价150美元，外商要求改报CIF5％，我方应报价为（）A．157．0美元B．157．4美元C．157．8美元D．157．9美元9、在进出口业务中，经过背书能够转让的单据有（B）A．铁路运单B．海运提单C．航空运单 D.邮包收据；10、以银行所负的责任为标准，如果该信用证允许第二家银行承担付款责任，则该信用证为（A）A．保兑信用证B．不保兑信用证C．可转让信用证D．可撤销信用证E．不可撤销信用证11、国际贸易中最主要的运输方式是（C）A．航空运输B．铁路运输C．海洋运输D．公路运输12、在定程租船方式下，对装卸费收取较为普遍采用的办法是（C）A．船方不负担装卸费B．船方负担装卸费。
C．船方负担装货费，而不负担卸货费D．船方只负担卸货费，而不负担装货费13、在国际买卖合同中，使用较普遍的装运期规定办法是（B）A．明确规定具体的装运时间B．规定收到信用证后若干天装运C．收到信汇、电汇或票汇后若干天装运D．笼统规定近期装运14、在海运过程中，被保险物茶叶经水浸已不能饮用，这种海上损失属于（A）A．实际全损B．推定全损C．共同海损D．单独海损＋15、在国际货物保险中，不能单独投保的险别是（C）A．平安险B．水渍险C．战争险D．一切险16、国际上应用较广泛的商品检验时间、地点的规定方法是（B）A．装船前装运港检验B．出口国装运港（地）检验，进口国目的港（地）复验C．装运港（地）检验重量，目的港（地）检验品质D．进口国目的港（地）检验17、根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定，接受于（C）生效。
2016年对外经济贸易大学硕士研究生拟录取结果公示—新祥旭考研辅导
（011）国际经济研究院 （020105）世界经济
（012）国际关系学院 （030202）政治学理论
（012）国际关系学院 （030202）中外政治制度
（012）国际关系学院 （030207）国际关系
（012）国际关系学院 （030208）外交学
（014）统计学院
（020208）统计学
专业型硕士
（001）国际经济贸易学 （025100）金融（全日
院
汉语国际教育.pdf
（050208）阿拉伯语语言 文学
（007）外语学院
（050209）欧洲语言文学
（007）外语学院
（050210）亚非语言文学
（008）公共管理学院 （120401）行政管理
（120403）教育经济与管 （008）公共管理学院
理
（008共管理学院 （1204Z1）海关管理
朝鲜语口译.pdf
（008）公共管理学院 （125200）公共管理
公共管理硕士.pdf
（009）保险学院
（025500）保险（全日 制）
保险硕士（全日制）.pdf
（009）保险学院
（025500）保险（在职）
保险硕士（在职）.pdf
（014）统计学院
（025200）应用统计
应用统计.pdf
（015）中国语言文学学 （045300）汉语国际教育
院
（001）国际经济贸易学 （0202Z2）运输经济与物
院
流
（001）国际经济贸易学 （020206）国际贸易学(单
院
考)
（002）金融学院
（020204）金融学
（003）国际商学院 （120201）会计学
（003）国际商学院 （120202）企业管理
国际经济法专业术语中英文互译
国际经济法专业术语中英文互译1. EXW工厂交货（指定地点）2. FCA:货交承运人（指定地点）3. FAS:船边交货（指定装运港）4. FOB:船上交货（指定装运港）5. CFR:：成本加运费（指定目的港6. CIF:：成本、保险加运费（指定目的港）7. CPT;：运费付至（指定目的地）8. DAF:边境交货（指定地点）9. DES:：目的港船上交货（指定目的港）10. DEQ;目的港码头交货（指定目的港11. DDU:未完税交货（指定目的地）12. DDP:完税交货（指定目的地）13. Offer:：要约14. Offer or;：要约人；报价人；发盘人15. Offeree:受要约人；接盘人，受盘人；被发价人16. Invitation for offer:要约邀请；发盘邀请17. Subject to our final confirmation:需经我方最后确认18. Cross offer:交叉发盘；交叉报价；交错报价；交叉发价19. Withdrawal:要约的撤回20. Revocability:：发价的撤销21. Counter-offer;还价；还盘；反要约22. Acceptance:接受；接纳；承兑；赞同23. Mail box rule:投递生效原则24. Receive of the letter of acceptance rule:到达生效原则25. Late acceptance:：迟到的承诺; 逾期承诺26. Identified to the contract:将货物特定化；将货物划定在该项合同项下（将货物划作履行某一合同的标的）27. Shipping documents;装运单据;货运单据；船运单据28. Sale by description;凭文字说明买卖29. Sale by sample:凭样品买卖30. Fundamental breach of contract根本违约；重大违约31. Anticipatory breach先期违约32. Specific performance实际履行33. Breach of condition违反条件条款34. Breach of warranty违反担保条款35. Unconditionally appropriated to the contract无条件地划拨于合同项下36. Reserve the right of disposal保留对货物的处分权37. To the order of the seller or his agent：以卖方或其代理人的名字为抬头的提单；凭卖方或其代理人指示的提单38. Sale on approval:：试销；试用买卖39. Floating cargo:：在途货物；水运途中的货物40. Quality to be considered as being about equal to the sample符合样品凭规格、等级或标准买卖41. Sales by specification, grade or standard凭规格、等级或标准买卖42. Fair average quality符合通常目的；中等品；良好平均品质（国际上买卖农副产品时常用此标准）43. Sales by brand of trade mark44. More or less clause溢短装条款；或多或少条款45. Bulk cargo：散装货46. Nude cargo裸散货,裸装货，裸包装47. Gross for net：以毛重作净重,以毛作净48. US $500 Per M/T CIF New York每吨500美元,CIF(到岸价)纽约49. Fixed price定价；标价；固定价格50. Sliding-scale按滑动费率支付专利权税51. Time of shipment装运时间，装船时间52. Time of delivery交货时间，交付时间53. Advice of shipment：装运通知，装船通知54. Insurance to be effected by the buyer保险由买方办理55. Inspection and claim clause检查与索赔条款56. Upon arrival of port of destination到达目的港后57. After discharge of the goods at the port of destination到达目的港卸货后58. Inspection certificate of quality质量检验证书；品质检验证书59. Inspection certificate of weight：重量检验证书60. Sanitary inspection certificate卫生检验证书61. Veterinary inspection certificate兽医检验证书；动物检疫证书62. Plant quarantine certification植物( 病虫害)检疫证明63. Force majeure clause不可抗力条款64. Arbitration仲裁,公断65. Bill of lading提单66. Charter-party：租船合同67. Gencon航次租船合同68. Baltime巴尔的摩定期租船合同69. Prima facie evidence：初步证据70. Conclusive evidence绝对证据；最后证据；决定性证据71. Shipped or on board bill of lading已装船提单72. Received for shipment B/L备运提单；收货待运提单73. Clean B/L清洁提单74. Claused B/L, or Foul B/L不清洁提单75. Letter of Indemnity保函；保证书76. Open B/L, Bearer B/L不记名提单；77. Oder b/L指示提单78. Direct B/L：直达提单79. Ocean through B/L：海上联运提单80. Liner B/L：班轮提单81. Charter B/L：租船提单82. Negotiable quality：流通性；可转让性83. Assignor：转让人；出让人84. Assignee：受让人；代理人；受托人85. Endorsement in blank ：空白背书；不记名背书86. Special endorsement：记名背书87. Due diligence：特别背书应有的谨慎；应有的注意88. Seaworthiness 船舶适航89. Cargoworthiness 适货90. Latent defect 潜在缺陷91. From tackle to tackle 钩到钩92. Deviation 绕行93. Voyage Charter 航次租船94. Time charter 定期租船合同95. Charter by demise 光船租船96. Laytime 装卸时间97. Demurrage 滞期费98. Dispatch money 速遣费99. Lien 留置权100. Trading limits 航区限制101. Chartered period 特许期限102. Employment and indemnity雇用及赔偿（条款）103. Payment of hire 租金104. Off hire 停租105. Air consignment 航空托运106. Air waybill 航空货运单107. Successive carriers 连续承运人108. Actrual carrier 实际承运人109. International multimodal transport 国际多式联运110. Container 集装箱111. Uniform liability principle统一赔偿责任原则112. Network liability principle网状责任制113. Insurable interest 保险利益114. Disclosure of material facts 重要事实披露115. Material representation116. insurance policy 保险单117. Accidents 意外事故118. Total loss 全损119. Partial loss 部分损失120. General average 共同海损121. Particular average 单独海损122. Actual total loss 实际全损123. Constructive total loss 推定全损124. Sue and labor expenses 施救费用125. Salvage charge 救助费用126. Free from particular average (FPA) 平安险127. With particular average (WPA) 水渍险128. All risks 一切险129. Subrogation 代位130. Abandonment 委付131. Export credits guarantee 出口信贷担保132. Negotiable instruments可转让票据133. Predecessor 前手134. Promissory note 本票135. Draft 汇票136. Drawer 出票人137. Drawee 付款人138. Payee 收款人139. Issue 出票140. Sight bill 即期汇票141. After sight 见票后付款142. Without recourse 无追索权143. Presentment 出示144. Acceptance of draft 承兑汇票145. Dishonour 拒付146. Protest拒绝证书147. Notary public 公证人148. Collection 托收149. Principal 委托方150. Remitting bank 托收行151. Collecting bank 代收行152. Remittance letter 汇款书153. Document against payment (D/P) 付款交单154. Document against payment sight 即期付款交单155. Document against payment after sight远期付款交单156. Documents against acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单。
法律英语重点专业词汇
Unit oneUnited States Supreme Court联邦最高法院Common law legal system普通法系Civil law legal system民法体系Case law 判例法Statutory law制定法classical Roman law古罗马法private law私法binding interpretation约束力itinerant judges巡回法官English royal court英国皇家法院Enforcement强制执行Claim请求Action诉讼行为Writ法院令状writ upon the case本案令状equity law衡平法equity case law衡平判例法ex aequo et bono公平且善良specific performance特殊履行injunction禁令equitable relief衡平救济common law relief普通法救济common law damages普通法赔偿civil suit民事诉讼Jurisdictions司法辖区，行政辖区Title权利trial by jury陪审团审判judge-made law法官定法judicial precedent 司法先例stare decisis 遵循先例的原则jurisdiction 司法管辖权、司法管辖区trial court / court of the first instance 一审法院case of (the) first impression 无先例可循的案件appellate court 上诉法院Unit twoLegal Profession法律职业Multistate Bar Exam 多州可采用的（律师资格）考试federal courts联邦法院boards of directors公司的董事会Judge法官Attorney General司法部长（检察长）Chief Justice首席大法官Barristers出庭律师，大律师，诉讼律师Solicitors诉状律师，非诉律师，事务律师Attorney律师practice of law律师实务Lawyers in private practice独立开业的律师single practitioner单独开业者house Counsel专职法律顾问corporate counsel公司法律顾问The United States Department of Justice美国司法部public prosecutors公共检察官Federal prosecutors联邦检察官district attorneys地区检察官Congress of the United States美国国会Unit fourThe supreme Court最高法院Courts of Appeals上诉法院District Courts地区法院Special courts特别法院The Court of Claims索赔法院The Customs Court关税法院Three-tiered model三级审判制Trail Court,审判法院Circuit Court巡回法院Appellate Court , Court of Appeals上诉法院Supreme Court最高法院Justice大法官Judge法官justice of the peace治安法官magistrate司法官Chief Justice首席大法官Associate Justice副（助理）大法官Circuit Judge巡回法官Associate Judge副（助理）发法官Litigant诉讼人Plead his case before诉情由…之前The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit美国联邦巡回上诉法院specialized federal tribunals专门的联邦法庭capital punishment死刑writ of certiorari调案复审令on the bench担任法官期间career judiciary职业法官popular vote公众投票President总统Senate参议院gross misconduct重大失误The American Bar Association’s code of Judicial Conduct美国律师协会的法官行为准则Unit fiveArticles of Confederation 联邦条例BILL OF RIGHTS人权法案Doctrine of constitutional supremacy宪法至上原则Lifetime appointment终身任命Ballot box投票箱Impeachment弹劾misconduct or malfeasance失职或渎职T reason叛国罪Bribery受贿罪Misdemeanor轻罪House of Representatives众议院Senate参议院Legislative立法机关Executive执法机关Judicial司法机关Amendment修正案The doctrine of judicial review司法审查原则The rules and regulations 法规和规章Unit sevenCriminal Law刑法Model Penal Cod e标准刑法典Crime犯罪Punishment刑罚Criminal liability刑事责任Capital punishment 死刑Insanity defense精神不正常辩护Homicide杀人Self-defense正当防卫forcible felony暴力性重罪Robbery抢劫Burglary盗窃gross negligence严重过失criminal homicide有罪杀人Malice恶意deliberate intention故意Murder谋杀Death (Death penalty)死刑Prison terms extending to “life”终生监禁Prison to a special number of years一定年限的监禁Felony –murder重罪恶意谋杀Co-felons guilty of murder重罪共犯谋杀the commission of the crime实施犯罪Degrees of murder恶意杀人的等级—First degree murder一级谋杀Second degree murder二级谋杀Manslaughter非恶意杀人Voluntary manslaughter自愿性非恶意杀人，故意杀人Involuntary manslaughter非自愿性非恶意杀人，过失杀人great provocation巨大挑衅in the heat of passion激情之下criminal sanction刑事制裁conviction rate定罪率Acquittal 无罪判决“the unwritten law”不成文法“reasonable man”理智的人Unintentional killing 无意的杀人gross negligence重大过失dangerous unlawful conduct非法的危险行为Reckless homicide疏忽大意杀人罪Negligent homicid e过失杀人罪fine 罚款incarceration 禁闭penitentiary 监狱Imprisonment监禁Bank robber fugitive银行抢劫逃犯the commission of a very serious crime实施严重的犯罪robbery, burglary or rape抢劫、盗窃、强奸Sentence of death判处死刑Execution执行imposition of the death penalty死刑判决Prospective jurors即任陪审员Conscientious scruples 良心顾忌Unit nineUniform Commercial Code统一商法典Consumer Protection Statutes消费者保护法律Labor Law劳工法Insurance Law保险法Offer要约acceptance,承诺considerationContract performance合同履行Contract interpretation合同解释Breach 违约Remedy补救方法Damages赔偿金Expectation damages预期赔偿金Agreed upon remedies补救协议Equitable relief衡平救济T angible 有形的,Intangible property无形的财产Real property不动产personal property动产T reason叛国罪T ax evasion偷税罪SLander诽谤Ownership of property财产所有权Legal mechanism法律机制Fraud诈欺Primary source首要法源Secondary source次要法源Restatements of the Law法律注释汇编Stare decisis遵从先例Precedents案例preservation of the status quo保持现状“statute of frauds”欺诈条例Uniform Commercial Code统一商法典constitutional authority宪法授权American Law Institute美国法律研究所The Restatement of Contracts合同法注释汇编judicial discretion司法自由裁量权Unit tenT ort Law侵权法Federal T ort claims Act联邦侵权索赔法Intentional tort故意侵权行为Negligence or negligent tort过失侵权行为Strict liability tort严格责任侵权行为Personal tort人身侵权行为Property tort财产侵权行为civil suits民事诉讼damages claims要求赔偿Plaintiff原告Compensation补偿Damages损害contingent fee赔偿金Verdict判决Conversion转换Breach of warranty违反保证诺言state immunity国家豁免heirs or next of kin继承人或近亲属T estator立遗嘱人wrongful death action非正常死亡之诉Dram - shop acts小酒店法令Battery 殴打Assault 侵犯他人身体Conversion of property 非法侵占财产False imprisonment 非法拘禁T respass to personal and real property 侵占动产、不动产Defamation 诽谤Invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权Products liability 产品质量责任Liability for Negligence过失侵权责任Causality，Negligent act，Injury因果关系，疏忽行为，损伤duty of care照看义务Guest statutes宾客法规Contributory negligence共同过失Comparative negligence比较过失last clear chance最后明显机会Strict Liability严格责任No fault无过错责任The doctrine of resipsa loquitur不言自明原则fault principle过错原则Medical malpractice 医生渎职insurance premium保险费Actual loss实际损失Unit twelvePublic Corporation,公有公司private Corporation私有公司Corporation sole独有公司Corporation aggregate合有公司Parent Corporation母公司subsidiary Corporation子公司brother Corporation兄弟公司Profit Corporation营利公司Nonprofit Corporation非营利公司Publicly hold Corporation公众持股公司Closely Held Corporation内部持股公司Joint Venture Corporation合资公司Shell Corporation空壳公司Individual proprietorship s个体业主Partnerships合伙Corporations公司Uniform Partnership Act同意合伙条例Model Business Corporation Acts标准商务公司条例Securities Act证券法案Securities Exchange Act证券交易条例existing securities现有证券Blue Sky Laws蓝天法Federal Antitrust Laws联邦反托拉斯发Monopolization垄断separate legal entities独立的法律实体written partnership agreement书面合伙协议General partnerships一般合伙Limited partnership s限制合伙Assets, liabilities , dissolution资产，负债，解散publicly held corporations公众持股公司close corporations内部持股公司Secretary of state office州务部长the principal place of business主要营业地Unit fourteenCommercial Law商法The Uniform Commercial Code统一商法典economic welfare经济福利commerce clause商务条款complete grant of power完全的授权commerce power商务条例Modern Commerce Power T ests现代商务权利检验标准Modern Delegation of Power Doctrine 现代授权原则Executive Branch 行政部门interstate commerce 州际商务unconstitutional delegation 违宪的代表团Rulemaking制定行政法规executive agencies行政机构due process 正当程序American Law Institute美国法学会law merchant商业习惯法commercial transaction商务交易business transaction商业交易Sales 买卖Commercial Paper 商业票据Bank Deposit and Collections 银行存款和收款Letters of Credit 信用证Bulk T ransfers 大宗转让Documents of Title 所有权凭证Investment Securities 投资证券Secured T ransactions 担保交易《证券理论与实务》模块八考试精要（证券市场基础知识）模块八考试精要一、单项选择题1、涉及证券市场的法律、法规第一个层次是指（）。
2017年对外经济贸易大学商务英语专业考研词汇复习笔记9—新祥旭考研辅导
Bretton Woods System布雷顿森林体系Under this post-World War II agreement,countries were allowed devaluations and revaluations of an adjustable peg exchange rate when faced with fundamental disequilibria that would otherwise require drastic domestic adjustment to keep the exchange rate fixed.Keynes was one of the architects of the Bretton Woods system.Capital Account固定资产帐户Records the values of financial assets purchased and sold abroad by private residents(not monetary authorities)of the home country.Capital Controls资本管制Government limits placed on the use of the foreign exchange market to make payments related to international financial activity as opposed to payments for goods and services.Capital Flight资金外流When investors flee a country(taking their capital with them)because of doubts about government policies.Central Bank]中央银行The official authority that controls monetary policy and also(usually) undertakes the official intervention in the foreign exchange market.CITES（onvention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora）The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,first signed in1973and now with over130member countries.Calls for strict regulation of trade in products related to species threatened with extinction.Clean Float清洁浮动，自由变动的行市制度(政府不介入而由市场的供求关系自动调节的行市制度)Exchange rates determined by a freely functioning foreign exchange market.Clearing清算ermitting payments to be made between entities who want to hold or use different munity IndifferenceCommon Market欧洲共同体An international union going beyond a customs union by also allowing for the free movement of labor and capital(factor flows)among member nations.Consumption Effect消费效应The welfare loss to consumers in the importing nation that corresponds to their being forced to cut their total consumption as a result of the tariff.Countervailing Import Duties反补贴税Retaliatory duties against a foreign government subsidizing exports into your national market.Crawling Peg小幅度调整汇率An exchange rate system in which the pegged rate is changed frequently according to a set of indicators or in response to monetary authority direction. Currency Board货币局制One system for fixing a country's exchange rate.The board stands ready to exchange domestic currency for foreign currency at a rate specified and fixed rate,and can issue new domestic currency only in exchange for foreign reserves.In essence,the domestic currency is fully backed by reserves of foreign exchange.Currency boards are popular in emerging economies.Currency Futures货币期货Contracts to buy or sell a foreign currency on a specific date in the future at a price set today.In this sense,futures are exactly like forward exchange contracts.The difference lies in their form.While forward contracts are tailored to the needs of the customer in terms of amount of funds,due date of contract,and so on,futures contracts have standardized denominations and due dates.As a consequence they can be traded in organized markets such as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.Almost anyone with some up-front funds can enter into a futures contract;only very large firms get forward contracts from their banks.Currency Options外汇期权A currency options contract gives parties the right(but not the requirement)to buy/sell foreign exchange in the future at a price set today.If someone purchases a call option she buys the right to obtain the currency at the strike price at a given date in the future.A person purchasing a put option buys the right to sell the currency at the strike price.A person expecting foreign currency to become pricier in the future might buy a call option;a person expecting the currency to fall in value might buy a put option.Current Account活期存款帐户Records the values of goods and services sold and purchased abroad,plus net interest and other factor payments and net unilateral transfers and gifts.Customs Union关税联盟One in which members remove all barriers to trade among themselves and adopt a common set of external barriers,thereby eliminating the need for customs inspection at internal borders(e.g.,MERCOSUR today,and the EEC from1957-1992).Dollar Crisis美元危机Denotes the situation prevailing toward the end of the Bretton Woods era,with the excessive build up of dollar reserves in the hands of foreign central banks due to the large and persistent U.S.payments deficit.The gold backing of the dollar was questioned and ultimately the dollar allowed to float freely starting in1973.。
2017年对外经济贸易大学博士研究生招生简章-新祥旭考研 -
对外经济贸易大学是教育部直属的一所规模适度的多科性全国重点大学，是首批进入国家高等教育“211工程”重点建设的高等院校。
学校现拥有理论经济学、应用经济学、工商管理、法学、统计学5个一级学科博士学位授权点，30余个二级学科博士学位授权点。
我校博士研究生教育始终坚持党的教育方针，以培养信念执著、品德优良、基础宽厚、专业扎实、身心健康，致力于高等院校、科研机构、政府部门和大型企事业单位从事教学、科研或管理工作的高素质拔尖创新人才为目标。
我校积极推进博士研究生科研创新工作，其核心是全面建立鼓励学术研究、学术探索和学术进步的全方位的、系统的研究生奖助体系和激励机制，在广大研究生中树立崇尚科学、追求真理的学术理想，通过研究生招生、培养和学位授予等环节，以及导师管理体制的改革，实现研究生教育资源的优化配置，促进研究生培养质量的全面提升，助力学生的成长成才。
一、博士生招生途径除硕博连读考试，硕博一体化项目选拔外，我校2017年通过普通招考两段制考试和申请—审核制（试行）开展博士生生源选拔。
（一）博士研究生普通招考两段制考试改革方案为进一步做好博士研究生的招生选拔工作，不断改进和完善博士研究生考核评价机制，突出导师群体和基层学术组织在博士研究生选拔中的主导作用。
自2014年，我校决定在博士研究生普通招考中推行两段制考试改革。
1. 第一阶段考试即为资格考试，原则上设置初试科目一至两门，主要为外语（100分）和专业基础课（100分），均为全校统一命题，专业基础课按一级学科命制，具体门数根据学科特点而定，主要考核考生是否具备攻读博士学位的基本条件和素质，达到资格线的考生方可进入第二阶段考试，其中英语学院和外语学院的“0202Z1商务外语研究”第一阶段、法学院各专业第一阶段只考公共英语一个科目。
2. 第二阶段考试主要为专业考核和综合质素测评，主要突出对考生创新能力和专业潜质的考查，具体考核形式由所报考学院和博士生导师决定，具体复试办法届时以学校和学院的通知为准。
2016-2017年对外经济贸易大学考研常用法律专业英语术语一—新祥旭考研
常用法律英语(一)案件受理费courtacceptancefee案情重大、复杂importantandcomplicatedcase案由causeofaction包揽诉讼monopolizelawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件);theaccused(用于刑事案件)被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent;defendant本案律师councelprohacvice本地律师localcounsel毕业证diploma;graduationcertificate辩护词defense;pleadings辩护律师defenselawyer辩护要点pointofdefense辩护意见submission财产租赁propertytenancy裁定书order;ruling;determination（指终审裁定）裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据admittedevidence;establishedevidence草拟股权转让协议draftingagreementofassignmentofequityinterests查阅法条sourcelegalprovisions产权转让conveyancing出差goonerrand;goonabusinesstrip出国深造furtherstudyabroad出具律师意见书providinglegalopinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appearincourt传票summons;subpoena答辩状answer;reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agencyforsaleandtransferofrealestate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agencyfornotarization,trademark,patent,copyright,andregistrationofrea lestateandincorporations代理仲裁agencyforarbitration代写文书draftingoflegalinstruments待决案件pendingcase当事人陈述statementoftheparties第三人thirdparty吊销执业证revocationoflawyerlicense调查笔录investigativerecord调查取证investigationandgatheringforevidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件caseoftrialofsecondinstance发送电子邮件sende-mail法律顾问legalconsultants法律意见书legalopinions法律援助legalaid法律咨询legalcounseling法庭division;tribunal法学博士学位LL.D(DoctorofLaws)法学会lawsociety法学课程legalcourses法学硕士学位LL.M(MasterofLaws)法学系facultyoflaw;departmentoflaw法学学士学位LL.B(BachelorofLaws)J.D(jurisdoctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院lawschool法院公告courtannouncement反诉状counterclaim房地产律师realestatelawyer;realpropertylawyer非合伙律师associatelawyer非诉讼业务non-litigationpractice高级合伙人seniorpartner高级律师seniorlawyer各类协议和合同agreementsandcontracts公安局PublicSecurityBureau公司上市companylisting公诉案件public-prosecutingcase公证书notarialcertificate国办律师事务所state-runlawoffice国际贸易internationaltrade国际诉讼internationallitigation国内诉讼domesticlitigation合伙律师partnerlawyer合伙制律师事务所lawofficeinpartner-ship;cooperatinglawofice 合同审查、草拟、修改contractreview,draftingandrevision会见当事人interviewaclient会见犯罪嫌疑人interviewacriminalsuspect兼职律师part-timelawyer监狱prison;jail鉴定结论expertconclusion缴纳会费membershipdues举证责任burdenofproof;onusprobandi决定书decision勘验笔录recordofrequest看守所detentionhouse抗诉书protest控告人accuser;complainant跨国诉讼transnationallitigation劳动争议labordisputes劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitrationcommitteeforlabordisputes劳改场reform-through-laborfarm;prisonfarm利害关系人interestedparty;partyininterest律管处处长directoroflawyercontroldepartment律师lawyerattorney;attorneyatlaw律师惩戒lawyerdiscipline律师法LawyerLaw律师费lawyerfee律师函lawyer’sletter律师见证lawyerattestation/authentication律师见证书lawyercertification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer’sdocile;file律师刊物lawyer’sjournal律师联系电话contactphonenumberofalawyer律师事务所lawoffice;lawfirm律师收费billingbylawyer律师协会NationalBar(Lawyer)Association律师协会会员memberofLawyerAssociation律师协会秘书长secretarygeneralofBar(Lawyer)Association律师协会章程ArticlesofLawyerAssocition律师业务室lawyer’soffice律师执业证lawyerlicense律师资格考试barexam;lawyerqualificationexam律师资格证lawyerqualificationcertificate民事调解civilmediation民事诉讼civillitigation派出所localpolicestation;policesubstation判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantialevidence企业章程articlesofassociation;articlesofincorporation;bylaw企业重组corporaterestructure起诉状information;indictment取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会NationalLawyerCongress缺席宣判pronouncejudgementordeterminationbydefault人民法院People’sCourt人民检察院People’sProcuratorate认定事实determinefacts上诉案件caseoftrialofsecondinstance;appellatecase上诉人appellant上诉状petitionforappeal涉外律师lawyersspeciallyhandlingforeign-relatedmatters 申请复议administrativereconsiderationpetition申请加入律师协会applicationforadmissiontoLawAssociation 申请人petitioner;claimant申诉案件appealcase申诉人（仲裁）claimant;plaintiff申诉书appealforrevision,petitionforrevision实习律师apprenticelawyer;lawyerinprobationperiod实习律师证certificateofapprenticelawyer视听证据audio-visualreferencematerial适用法律applylawtofacts受害人victim书证documentaryevidence司法部MinistryofJustice司法建议书judicialadvise司法局JudicialBureau司法局副局长deputydirectorofJudicialBureau司法局局长directorofJudicialBureau司法统一考试uniformjudicialexam送达serviceofprocess诉讼当事人litigationparty;litigiousparty诉讼业务litigationpractice诉状complaint;billofcomplaint;statementofclaim推销法律服务promote/marketlegalservice委托代理合同authorizedrepresentationcontract委托代理人agentadlitem;entrustedagent委托授权书powerofattorney物证materialevidence嫌疑人criminalsuspect项目融资projectfinancing项目谈判projectnegotiating刑事案件criminalcase刑事诉讼criminallitigation行政诉讼administrativelitigation休庭adjournthecourt;recess宣判pronouncejudgement;determination宣誓书affidavit业务进修attendanceinadvancedstudies一审案件caseoftrialoffirstinstance原告plaintiff证券律师securitieslawyer证人证言testimonyofwitness;affidavit执行笔录executionrecord执业登记registrationforpractice执业范围scopeofpractice;sphereofpractice;practicearea执业申请practiceapplication执业证年检annualinspectionoflawyerlicense仲裁案件arbitrationcase仲裁机构arbitrationagency专门律师specializedlawyer专职律师professionallawyer;full-timelawyer撰写法律文章writelegalthesis资信调查creditstandinginvestigation自诉案件privateprosecutingcase常用法律英语二案件发回remand/rimitacase(toalowcourt)案件名称titleofacase案卷材料materialsinthecase案情陈述书statementofcase案外人personotherthaninvolvedinthecase案值totalvalueinvolvedinthecase败诉方losingparty办案人员personnelhandlingacase保全措施申请书applicationforprotectivemeasures报案reportacase(tosecurityauthorities)被告defendant;theaccused被告人最后陈述finalstatementoftheaccused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim’sagentadlitem被上诉人respondent;theappellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人partyagainstwhomexecutionisfiled被执行人personsubjecttoenforcement本诉principalaction必要共同诉讼人partyinnecessaryco-litigation变通管辖jurisdictionbyaccord辩护defense辩护律师defenseattorney/lawyer辩护人defender 辩护证据exculpatoryevidence;defenseevidence辩论阶段stageofcourtdebate驳回反诉dismissacounterclaim;rejectacounterclaim驳回请求deny/dismissamotion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismisstheappealandsustaintheoriginaljudgement/ruling驳回诉讼dismissanaction/suit驳回通知书noticeofdismissal驳回自诉dismiss/rejectaprivateprosecution驳回自诉裁定书rulingofdismissingprivate-prosecutingcase补充答辩supplementaryanswer补充判决supplementaryjudgement补充侦查supplementaryinvestigation不公开审理trialincamera不立案决定书writtendecisionofnocase-filing不批准逮捕决定书writtendecisionofdisapprovinganarrest不起诉nolpros不予受理起诉通知书noticeofdismissalofaccusationbythecourt财产保全申请书applicationforattachment;applicationforpropertypreservation裁定order;determination(指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdictionbyorder裁定书order;ruling裁决书award采信的证据admittedevidence查封sealup撤回上诉withdrawappeal撤诉withdrawalawsuit撤销立案revokeacaseplacedonfile撤销原判，发回重审rescindtheoriginaljudgementandremandthecaserotheoriginalcourtforretri al出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidatingjudgement(fornegotiableinstruments)传唤summon;call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer;reply答辩陈述书statementofdefence答辩状answer;reply大法官associatejustices;justice大检察官deputychiefprocurator代理控告agencyforaccusation代理申诉agencyforappeal代理审判员actingjudge代为申请取保候审agencyforapplicationofthebailpendingtrialwithrestrictedlibertyofmovin g弹劾式诉讼accusatoryprocedure当事人陈述statementoftheparties当庭宣判pronouncementofjudgementorsentenceincourt地区管辖territorialjurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediatePeople’sProcuratorate第三人thirdparty调查笔录recordofinvestigation定期宣判pronouncementofjudgementorsentencelateronafixeddate定罪证据incriminatingevidence;inculpatoryevidence冻结freeze督促程序procedureofsupervisionandurge独任庭sole-judgebench独任仲裁员solearbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsorymeasuresagainstimpairmentofcivilaction对席判决judgementinterparties二审trialofsecondinstance二审案件caseoftrialofsecondinsurance罚款imposeafine法定证据statutorylegalevidence法定证据制度systemoflegalevidence法官judges法警bailiff;courtpolice法律文书legalinstruments/papers法律援助legalaid法律咨询legalconsulting法庭辩论courtdebate法庭调查courtinvestigation法庭审理笔录courtrecord法庭审理方式modeofcourttrial法庭庭长chiefjudgeofatribunal法院court法院公告courtannouncement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answerwithcounterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminalsuspect附带民事诉讼案件acollateralcivilaction附带民事诉讼被告defendantofcollateralcivilaction复查reexamination;recheck复验reinspect高级人民法院HigherPeople’sCourt告诉案件caseofcomplaint告诉才处理的案件caseacceptedatcomplaint告诉申诉庭complaintandpetitiondivision工读学校work-studyschoolfordelinquentchildren公开审理trialinpublic公开审判制度opentrialsystem公示催告程序procedureofpublicsummonsforexhortation公诉案件public-prosecutingcase公诉词statementofpublicprosecution公证机关publicnotaryoffice共同管辖concurrentjurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助internationaljudicialassistance海事法院maritimecourt合议庭collegialpanel合议庭评议笔录recordofdeliberatingbythecollegiatebench和解composition;compromise核对诉讼当事人身份checkidentityoflitigiousparties恢复执行resumptionofexecution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixedaction基层人民法院basicPeople’sCourt羁押期限termincustody级别管辖subjectmatterjurisdictionofcourtsatdifferentlevels监视居住livingathomeundersurveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorialpower检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorialcommittee检察院procuratorate 检察院派出机构outposttribunalofprocuratorate简易程序summaryprocedure鉴定结论expertconclusion经济审判庭economictribunal径行判决directadjudicationwithoutsessions;judgementwithoutnotice纠问式诉讼inquisitionalproceedings拘传summonbyforce;summonbywarrant拘留所detentionhouse举报information/reportofanoffence举证责任burdenofproof;onusprobandi决定书decision军事法院militaryprocuratorate开庭审理openacourtsession开庭通知noticeofcourtsession勘验笔录recordofinquest看守所detentionhouse可执行财产executableproperty控告式诉讼accusatoryproceedings控诉证据incriminatingevidence控诉职能accusationfunction扣押distrainon;attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期periodofgrace劳动争议仲裁申请书petitionforlabordisputearbitration劳改场reform-through-laborfarm劳教所reeducation-through-laboroffice类推判决的核准程序procedureforexaminationand approvalofanalogicalsentence累积证据cumulativeevidence立案报告placeacaseonfile立案管辖functionaljurisdiction立案决定书writtendecisionofcase-filing立案侦查reportofplacingacaseonfile利害关系人interestedparty临时裁决书interimaward律师见证书lawyer’swrittenattestation;lawyer’swrittenauthentication律师事务所lawoffice;lawfirm律师提前介入priorinterventionbylawyer免于刑事处分exemptionfromcriminalpenalty民事审判庭civiltribunal民事诉讼civilaction民事诉讼法CivilProceduralLaw扭送seizeanddeliverasuspecttothepolice派出法庭detachedtribunal派出所policestation判决judgement;determination判决书judgement;determination;verdict(指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantialevidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approvalofarrest破案clearupacriminalcase;solveacriminalcase破产bankruptcy;insolvency普通程序general/ordinaryprocedure普通管辖generaljurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedureofbankruptcyand liquidationofabusinesscorporation起诉filingofalawsuit起诉sue;litigate;prosecute;institutionofproceedings起诉状indictment;information区县检察院grassrootsPeople’sProcuratorate取保候审thebailpendingtrialwithrestrictedlibertyofmoving缺席判决defaultjudgement人民调解委员会People’sMediationCommittee认定财产无主案件casesconcerningdeterminationofpropertyasqwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件casesconcerningdeterminationofacitizenasincompetentorwithlimiteddispo singcapacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petitionforappeal少管所juvenileprison社会治安综合治理comprehensivetreatmentofsocialsecurity涉外案件casesinvolvingforeigninterests涉外民事诉讼foreigncivilproceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreigncriminalproceedings申请人applicant;petitioner申请书petition;applicationforarbitration申请执行人executionapplicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’saffidavitofauthenticity申诉书appealforrevision;petitionforrevision神示证据制度systemofdivinityevidence神示制度ordealsystem审查案件casereview审查并决定逮捕examineanddecidearrest审查起诉阶段stageofreviewandprosecution审理通知书noticeofhearing审判长presidingjudge审判长宣布开庭presidingjudgeannouncecourtinsession审判管辖adjudgement/trialjurisdiction审判监督程序procedurefortrialsupervision审判委员会judicialcommittee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitionalproceedings生效判决裁定legallyeffectivejudgement/order胜诉方winningparty省市自治区检察院higherPeople’sProcuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declarationofdisappearanceanddeath实（质）体证据substantialevidence实物证据tangibleevidence实在证据realevidence示意证据demonstrativeevidence视听证据audio-visualevidence 收容所collectingpost;saferetreat首席大法官chiefjustice首席检察官chiefprocurator受害人的近亲属victim’simmediatefamily受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registrationformofacceptanceofcriminalcase 受送达人theaddressee书记员courtclerk书记员宣读法庭纪律courtclerkreadscourtrules书证documentaryevidence死缓的复核judicialreviewofdeathsentencewitharetrieve死刑复核程序procedureforjudicialreviewofdeathsentence死刑复核权competenceforjudicialreviewofdeathsentence送达serviceofprocess送达传票serviceofsummons/subpoena送达诉状serviceofbillofcomplaint搜查search诉sue;suit;action;lawsuit诉前财产保全propertyattachmentpriortolawsuit诉讼litigation;lawsuit;sue;action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigiousparticipants诉讼代理人agentadlitem诉状complaint;billofcomplaint;stateofclaim特别程序specialprocedures提起公诉instituteapublicprosecution铁路法院railwaycourt铁路检察院railroadtransportprocuratorate庭审程序procedureofcourttrial通缉wantedforarrest投案appearance退回补充侦查returnofacaseforsupplementaryinvestigation委托辩护entrusteddefense未成年人法庭juvenilecourt无行政职务的法官associatejudge无正当理由拒不到庭refusetoappearincourtwithoutduecause无罪判决acquittal,findingof“notguilty”物证materialevidence先予执行申请书applicationforadvancedexecution先予执行advancedexecution刑事案件criminalcase刑事拘留criminaldetention刑事强制拘留criminalcoercive/compulsorymeasures刑事审判庭criminaltribunal刑事诉讼criminalproceedings刑事诉讼法CriminalProceduralLaw刑事自诉状self-incriminatingcriminalcomplaint行政案件administrativecase行政审判庭administrativetribunal行政诉讼administrativeproceedings行政诉讼法AdministrativeProceduralLaw宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件casesconcerningthedeclaration ofdisappearanceanddeath宣判笔录recordofrenditionofjudgement选民资格案件casesconcerningqualificationsofvoters询问证人inquire/questionawitness训诫reprimand讯问笔录recordofinterrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogatecriminalsuspect言词证据verbalevidence要求传唤证人申请书applicationforsubpoena一裁终局arbitrationawardshallbefinalandbinding一审trialoffirstinstance一审案件caseoftrialoffirstinstance应诉通知书noticeofrespondencetoaction有罪判决sentence;findingof“guilty”予审preliminaryexaminantion;pretrial原告plaintiff院长courtpresident阅卷笔录recordoffilereview(bylawyers)再审案件caseofretrial 再审申请书petitionforretrial责令具结悔过ordertosignastatementofrepentance债权人会议creditors’meeting侦查阶段investigationstage侦查终结conclusionofinvestigation征询原、被告最后意见consultingfinalopinion oftheplaintiffanddefendant证据evidence证据保全preserveevidence证据保全申请书applicationforevidencepreservation证人证言testimonyofwitness;affidavit支付令paymentorder/warrant知识产权庭intellectualpropertytribunal执行程序procedureexecution执行逮捕executionofarrest执行和解conciliationofexecution执行回转recoveryofexecution执行庭executivetribunal执行异议objectiontoexecution执行员executor执行中止discontinuanceofexecution执行终结conclusionofexecution指定辩护appointeddefense指定仲裁员声明statementofappointingarbitrator中级人民法院intermediatePeople’sCourt中途退庭retreatduringcourtsessionwithoutpermission仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent;defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant;plaintiff仲裁庭arbitrationtribunal仲裁委员会arbitrationcommittee仲裁协议arbitrationagreement;clausesofarbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principalprocurator助理检察官assistantprocurator助理审判员assistantjudge专门法院specialcourt专门管辖specificjurisdiction专属管辖exclusivejurisdiction追究刑事责任investigateforcriminalresponsibility自首confessiontojustice自诉案件private-prosecutingcase自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrineofdiscretionalevaluationofevidence自侦案件self-investigatingcase最高人民法院theSupremePeople’sCourt最高人民检察院theSupremePeople’sProcuratorate最后裁决书finalaward。
对外经济贸易大学英语专业考研择校、参考书、考研经验分享-新祥旭考研
对外经济贸易大学英语专业考研择校、参考书、考研经验分享-新祥旭考研英语学院下设语言文学系、翻译学系、商务英语学系和通用英语学系4个系；此外，还设有理论语言学研究所、应用语言学研究所、英美文学研究所、翻译研究所、英语国别文化研究所、商务英语研究所6个研究所。
英语专业每年在校本科生有480人，每年招收英语研究生80人，研究生教育是1978年国家批准的第一批硕士点，已有近30年的历史。
目前，拥有外国语言文学硕士学位授权一级学科，设有英语语言文学和外国语言学及应用语言学2个硕士点。
2019年对外经济贸易大学英语学院招生专业目录、考试科目初试参考书目（1）外国语言学及应用语言学、英语语言文学各专业及方向翻译硕士专业学位各专业及方向培养模式英语笔译专业商务笔译方向商务笔译方向采取“校企联合”的培养模式，学习期间可去政府外事翻译部门和翻译公司等部门实践教学，并为外事外交部门定向培养能胜任各种场合和行业的高层次笔译和英文编辑人才。
商务法律翻译方向本方向拟采取跨学科的培养模式，引进核心法律课程和教学资源，为涉外商务法律部门培养高层次的法律翻译人才。
英语口译专业国际会议口译方向国际会议口译方向与欧盟合作，采用“MTI硕士学位+欧盟证书”的双证培养模式，旨在为国际组织和我国政府机构、跨国企业培养合格的国际会议译员。
全部课程主要由实践和教学经验丰富的中外教师共同执教。
欧盟口译总司派考官全程参加入学考试、中期与毕业资格考试。
学生修满全部课程、各课程考试合格，同时达到规定的口译实践时数并完成口译实习报告者，可获得MTI硕士学位；学生参加欧盟毕业考试合格者，将获得欧盟口译总司和对外经济贸易大学共同签发的“国际会议译员资格证书”。
所有报考此方向的考生统一先报“商务口译方向”，确定录取后，择优选拔参加“国际会议口译方向”考试。
商务口译方向在商务口译方向，采取国际培养模式，有条件并有意愿的学生可选择去英、美等国外高校修读完规定课程和学分，合格者可分别获得中、外两校硕士学位。
(完整word版)对外经济贸易大学国际贸易专业考试名词解释大全,推荐文档
对外经济贸易大学国际贸易专业考试名词解释大全第一章全球化与国际商务全球化：是指全球向一个更加一体化和相互依存的世界经济体系的转变。
有若干不同的侧面，主要包括市场全球化和生产全球化。
市场全球化：是指把历史上独特的和分离的国家市场合并为一个巨大的全球市场。
跨国贸易壁垒的降低，使得全球市场的国际销售更加容易；不同国家的消费者嗜好和偏爱正在趋同于某些全球标准，从而帮助建立了全球市场；技术创新也促进了市场全球化。
当前最为全球化的市场不是消费品市场，而是工业品和原材料市场。
生产全球化：是指从全球各地区筹供商品和服务，以利用各国在生产要素，如劳动力、能源、土地和资本上的成本和质量差异。
通过这种做法，公司希望降低其总成本构成；提高质量或改善它们所提供的产品的功能，从而更有效地竞争。
生产的全球化意味着传统的以市场为导向的或寻求资源的投资已经转变为寻求效率的对外直接投资。
跨国公司分拆其资产，并将生产的价值链国际化，这就是使企业必然采取复杂的国际一体化战略，将自身可以移动的资源与东道国不可移动的资源整合到一起。
（价值链的国际化）运输成本的下降，使生产在地理上按区域分布变得更为经济；受惠于技术革新的成果，信息处理和通信的实际成本也大大下降；因特网已成为促进国际服务贸易的主要力量；商用喷气式客机的发展也有助于许多国际企业将其世界范围内的各营运点结合在一起。
国际生产体系：（全球价值链的组织）包含了由通过直接投资、广泛的战略联盟以及契约性安排等方式整合在一起的企业所组成的复杂网络。
企业将生产和服务的各个环节安置在世界各地，以利用各地的成本优势、资源优势、物流优势和市场优势。
其显著特点在于：第一，无论是地区范围内还是全球范围内的整合程度都较高；第二，该体系更加强调系统整体的效率。
因此，全球市场中出现了越来越多的由跨国公司组织协调的各个生产体系整体之间的竞争，而不再是单个工厂或企业之间的竞争。
生产的国际化依赖于全球范围内的即时通信和信息系统，该系统可以实现对极为复杂的投资和外包契约关系网络的集中控制。
考研英语阅读：法律类常见术语
考研英语阅读：法律类常见术语2017考研英语阅读：法律类常见术语考研英语考试内容很广泛，完型、词汇、阅读、作文等，小编为大家整理了考研英语法律类文章常见术语，希望对大家的考研复习有帮助。
这些题材中，法律常考话题。
比如近年来2015年text2、2014年text2、2013年text4等，小编总结了一些法律类文章中常见术语，帮助大家积累经济类文章的背景知识，提高相关词汇储备。
Jury. 陪审团陪审团是指向法官(judge\justice)宣誓并且对给定的案子(case)做出裁决(decision)的一组人员，尤其是指被法律召集听取并且在法庭(court)上做出案子最终裁决的一组人员。
陪审团为法院中，用以判定事实的团体，多见于英美法系国家。
目前于司法制度中采用陪审团制度的有美国、英国和中国香港等。
真题例句：The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete's injury.译文：陪审团同意，运动员受伤的原因是游戏的性质而不是头盔。
Juror.陪审员陪审团中的一员，在英美法系(又称大陆法系，common-law system)的国家中通常有12个陪审员，12个候补陪审员。
Supreme court.最高法院美国联邦最高法院是美国最高审判机构，由总统征得参议院(Senate)同意后任命的9名终身法官组成，其判例(legal precedent)对全国有拘束力，享有特殊的司法审查(judicial review)权，即有权通过具体案例宣布联邦或各州的法律是否违宪。
真题例句：The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest (2015年text2)译文：最高法院将考虑警方在没有得到批准领的前提下能否检查被捕人员所携带的手机内容。
外经贸常用英文用语
外经贸类词汇澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响shake off the impact of the financial crisis帮助人才脱颖而出help excellent talents find way to distinction备件spare parts部长级会议ministerial meeting采取积极财政政策proactive fiscal policy出口创汇型/外向型产业export-oriented industry垂直兼并vertical merger倒爷profiteer抵免offset东盟自由贸易区AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area东南亚国家联盟ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations对外项目承包foreign project contracting反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against ......防伪标志anti-fake label放松银根ease monetary policy非配额产品quota-free products非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment风险基金venture capital风险准备金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk岗位培训on-the-job training港元的联系汇率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar搞活国有大中型企业revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises工程项目engineering project工业增加值industrial added value公正合理equitable and rational固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets广开就业门路increase employment opportunities; create jobs in every possible way; open up more channels of employment规模经济scale economy/ economies of scale国合企业（即国有合作社）state-owned cooperatives国际清算international settlement国际收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment国家补贴public subsidies国家鼓励项目projects listed as encouraged by the state国家科技创新体系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves合理引导消费guide rational consumption横向兼并horizontal merger坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan货币市场money market机构臃肿overstaffing in (government) organizations机构重叠organizational overlapping技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development季节性调价seasonal price adjustments既成事实established/accomplished facts减免债务reduce and cancel debts建材building materials进口环节税import linkage tax经常项目current account经常性的财政收入regular revenues竟价投标competitive bidding就业前培训pre-job training控股公司holding company垃圾融资junk financing劳动密集性企业labor-intensive enterprises劳务合作labor service cooperation累计实现顺差143.4美元accumulatively realizing trade surplus利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery流动人口floating population龙头产品lagship product乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises慢性萧条chronic depression农业技术合作ATC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation盘活存量资产revitalize stock assets配件accessories皮包公司flying-by-night company; bogus company平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various ways and seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development瓶颈制约"bottleneck" restrictions企业的自我约束机制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses企业所得税corporate income tax千年问题、千年虫millennium bug抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities清理、修订screen and modify求同存异overcome differences and seek common ground商住和公益设施建设commercial, residential and public utility construction申报制度reporting system; income declaration system实行股份制enforce stockholding system实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA Administrative Aspects of Market Access适销对路的产品readily marketable products双重轨制two-tier system / double-track system水利water conservation所有制形式forms of ownership贪图安逸crave comfort and pleasure通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation同步增长increase in the same pace外援方式modality of foreign aid无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator无纸交易paperless transaction现代企业制度modern corporate system消费膨胀inflated consumption协议投标negotiated bidding信息化informationize形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 亚欧会议ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting亚太法定计量论坛APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum亚太工商咨询理事会ABAC：APEC Business Advisory Council亚太计量程序APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program亚太经合组织部长级会议AMM：APEC Ministerial Meeting亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM：APEC Economic Leaders Meeting亚太经济合作组织APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation亚太能源研究中心APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center亚太商业论坛ABF：APEC Business Forum亚太商业网络APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network亚太实验室认可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System亚太信息基础设施APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis营业税turnover tax在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development ofdifferent systems of ownership债转股debt-to-equity swap中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan中介服务组织intermediary service organization注入新的生机与活力bring new vigor and vitality into转化经营机制change the method of operation资本项目capital account自1999年1月1日起实行come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999自由浮动汇率free floating exchange rate; variable exchange rate自驻经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progressshipping service company 船务公司generic products非商标(非专利)产品prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策deficit spending超前消费run on banks(到银行)挤兑domestic support to agriculture 对农业的国内支持special bonds特种债券economy of abundance 富裕经济Animal-based protein动物源性蛋白dual purpose exports军民两用品出口dual-use goods and technology 军民两用产品和技术NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区global quota全球配额grandfather clause祖父条款Animal-derived food动物源食品EVSL (Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部门提前自愿自由化TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易和投资自由化和便利化常见缩略：C&F(cost & freight)成本加运费价T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇D/P(document against payment)付款交单D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等WT(weight)重量G.W.(gross weight)毛重N.W.(net weight)净重(customs declaration)报关单EA(each)每个，各W (with)具有w/o(without)没有FAC(facsimile)传真IMP(import)进口EXP（export）出口MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的M/V（merchant vessel）商船S.S(steamship)船运MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨DOC (document)文件、单据INT（international）国际的P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表INV (invoice)发票PCT (percent)百分比REF （reference）参考、查价EMS （express mail special）特快传递STL.(style)式样、款式、类型T或LTX或TX(telex)电传S/M （shipping marks）装船标记PR或PRC(price) 价格PUR (purchase)购买、购货S/C（sales contract）销售确认书L/C （letter of credit）信用证B/L （bill of lading）提单FOB （free on board）离岸价CIF （cost, insurance & freight）成本、保险加运费价GMO (genetically modified organism)转基因组织CAGA (compound annual growth average)年复合增长率Dialogue two参展商：您好！我是美华镜业公司的出口部经理。
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常用法律英语(一)案件受理费courtacceptancefee案情重大、复杂importantandcomplicatedcase案由causeofaction包揽诉讼monopolizelawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件);theaccused(用于刑事案件)被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent;defendant本案律师councelprohacvice本地律师localcounsel毕业证diploma;graduationcertificate辩护词defense;pleadings辩护律师defenselawyer辩护要点pointofdefense辩护意见submission财产租赁propertytenancy裁定书order;ruling;determination（指终审裁定）裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据admittedevidence;establishedevidence草拟股权转让协议draftingagreementofassignmentofequityinterests查阅法条sourcelegalprovisions产权转让conveyancing出差goonerrand;goonabusinesstrip出国深造furtherstudyabroad出具律师意见书providinglegalopinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appearincourt传票summons;subpoena答辩状answer;reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agencyforsaleandtransferofrealestate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agencyfornotarization,trademark,patent,copyright,andregistrationofrea lestateandincorporations代理仲裁agencyforarbitration代写文书draftingoflegalinstruments待决案件pendingcase当事人陈述statementoftheparties第三人thirdparty吊销执业证revocationoflawyerlicense调查笔录investigativerecord调查取证investigationandgatheringforevidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件caseoftrialofsecondinstance发送电子邮件sende-mail法律顾问legalconsultants法律意见书legalopinions法律援助legalaid法律咨询legalcounseling法庭division;tribunal法学博士学位LL.D(DoctorofLaws)法学会lawsociety法学课程legalcourses法学硕士学位LL.M(MasterofLaws)法学系facultyoflaw;departmentoflaw法学学士学位LL.B(BachelorofLaws)J.D(jurisdoctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院lawschool法院公告courtannouncement反诉状counterclaim房地产律师realestatelawyer;realpropertylawyer非合伙律师associatelawyer非诉讼业务non-litigationpractice高级合伙人seniorpartner高级律师seniorlawyer各类协议和合同agreementsandcontracts公安局PublicSecurityBureau公司上市companylisting公诉案件public-prosecutingcase公证书notarialcertificate国办律师事务所state-runlawoffice国际贸易internationaltrade国际诉讼internationallitigation国内诉讼domesticlitigation合伙律师partnerlawyer合伙制律师事务所lawofficeinpartner-ship;cooperatinglawofice 合同审查、草拟、修改contractreview,draftingandrevision会见当事人interviewaclient会见犯罪嫌疑人interviewacriminalsuspect兼职律师part-timelawyer监狱prison;jail鉴定结论expertconclusion缴纳会费membershipdues举证责任burdenofproof;onusprobandi决定书decision勘验笔录recordofrequest看守所detentionhouse抗诉书protest控告人accuser;complainant跨国诉讼transnationallitigation劳动争议labordisputes劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitrationcommitteeforlabordisputes劳改场reform-through-laborfarm;prisonfarm利害关系人interestedparty;partyininterest律管处处长directoroflawyercontroldepartment律师lawyerattorney;attorneyatlaw律师惩戒lawyerdiscipline律师法LawyerLaw律师费lawyerfee律师函lawyer’sletter律师见证lawyerattestation/authentication律师见证书lawyercertification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer’sdocile;file律师刊物lawyer’sjournal律师联系电话contactphonenumberofalawyer律师事务所lawoffice;lawfirm律师收费billingbylawyer律师协会NationalBar(Lawyer)Association律师协会会员memberofLawyerAssociation律师协会秘书长secretarygeneralofBar(Lawyer)Association律师协会章程ArticlesofLawyerAssocition律师业务室lawyer’soffice律师执业证lawyerlicense律师资格考试barexam;lawyerqualificationexam律师资格证lawyerqualificationcertificate民事调解civilmediation民事诉讼civillitigation派出所localpolicestation;policesubstation判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantialevidence企业章程articlesofassociation;articlesofincorporation;bylaw企业重组corporaterestructure起诉状information;indictment取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会NationalLawyerCongress缺席宣判pronouncejudgementordeterminationbydefault人民法院People’sCourt人民检察院People’sProcuratorate认定事实determinefacts上诉案件caseoftrialofsecondinstance;appellatecase上诉人appellant上诉状petitionforappeal涉外律师lawyersspeciallyhandlingforeign-relatedmatters 申请复议administrativereconsiderationpetition申请加入律师协会applicationforadmissiontoLawAssociation 申请人petitioner;claimant申诉案件appealcase申诉人（仲裁）claimant;plaintiff申诉书appealforrevision,petitionforrevision实习律师apprenticelawyer;lawyerinprobationperiod实习律师证certificateofapprenticelawyer视听证据audio-visualreferencematerial适用法律applylawtofacts受害人victim书证documentaryevidence司法部MinistryofJustice司法建议书judicialadvise司法局JudicialBureau司法局副局长deputydirectorofJudicialBureau司法局局长directorofJudicialBureau司法统一考试uniformjudicialexam送达serviceofprocess诉讼当事人litigationparty;litigiousparty诉讼业务litigationpractice诉状complaint;billofcomplaint;statementofclaim推销法律服务promote/marketlegalservice委托代理合同authorizedrepresentationcontract委托代理人agentadlitem;entrustedagent委托授权书powerofattorney物证materialevidence嫌疑人criminalsuspect项目融资projectfinancing项目谈判projectnegotiating刑事案件criminalcase刑事诉讼criminallitigation行政诉讼administrativelitigation休庭adjournthecourt;recess宣判pronouncejudgement;determination宣誓书affidavit业务进修attendanceinadvancedstudies一审案件caseoftrialoffirstinstance原告plaintiff证券律师securitieslawyer证人证言testimonyofwitness;affidavit执行笔录executionrecord执业登记registrationforpractice执业范围scopeofpractice;sphereofpractice;practicearea执业申请practiceapplication执业证年检annualinspectionoflawyerlicense仲裁案件arbitrationcase仲裁机构arbitrationagency专门律师specializedlawyer专职律师professionallawyer;full-timelawyer撰写法律文章writelegalthesis资信调查creditstandinginvestigation自诉案件privateprosecutingcase常用法律英语二案件发回remand/rimitacase(toalowcourt)案件名称titleofacase案卷材料materialsinthecase案情陈述书statementofcase案外人personotherthaninvolvedinthecase案值totalvalueinvolvedinthecase败诉方losingparty办案人员personnelhandlingacase保全措施申请书applicationforprotectivemeasures报案reportacase(tosecurityauthorities)被告defendant;theaccused被告人最后陈述finalstatementoftheaccused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim’sagentadlitem被上诉人respondent;theappellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人partyagainstwhomexecutionisfiled被执行人personsubjecttoenforcement本诉principalaction必要共同诉讼人partyinnecessaryco-litigation变通管辖jurisdictionbyaccord辩护defense辩护律师defenseattorney/lawyer辩护人defender 辩护证据exculpatoryevidence;defenseevidence辩论阶段stageofcourtdebate驳回反诉dismissacounterclaim;rejectacounterclaim驳回请求deny/dismissamotion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismisstheappealandsustaintheoriginaljudgement/ruling驳回诉讼dismissanaction/suit驳回通知书noticeofdismissal驳回自诉dismiss/rejectaprivateprosecution驳回自诉裁定书rulingofdismissingprivate-prosecutingcase补充答辩supplementaryanswer补充判决supplementaryjudgement补充侦查supplementaryinvestigation不公开审理trialincamera不立案决定书writtendecisionofnocase-filing不批准逮捕决定书writtendecisionofdisapprovinganarrest不起诉nolpros不予受理起诉通知书noticeofdismissalofaccusationbythecourt财产保全申请书applicationforattachment;applicationforpropertypreservation裁定order;determination(指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdictionbyorder裁定书order;ruling裁决书award采信的证据admittedevidence查封sealup撤回上诉withdrawappeal撤诉withdrawalawsuit撤销立案revokeacaseplacedonfile撤销原判，发回重审rescindtheoriginaljudgementandremandthecaserotheoriginalcourtforretri al出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidatingjudgement(fornegotiableinstruments)传唤summon;call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer;reply答辩陈述书statementofdefence答辩状answer;reply大法官associatejustices;justice大检察官deputychiefprocurator代理控告agencyforaccusation代理申诉agencyforappeal代理审判员actingjudge代为申请取保候审agencyforapplicationofthebailpendingtrialwithrestrictedlibertyofmovin g弹劾式诉讼accusatoryprocedure当事人陈述statementoftheparties当庭宣判pronouncementofjudgementorsentenceincourt地区管辖territorialjurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediatePeople’sProcuratorate第三人thirdparty调查笔录recordofinvestigation定期宣判pronouncementofjudgementorsentencelateronafixeddate定罪证据incriminatingevidence;inculpatoryevidence冻结freeze督促程序procedureofsupervisionandurge独任庭sole-judgebench独任仲裁员solearbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsorymeasuresagainstimpairmentofcivilaction对席判决judgementinterparties二审trialofsecondinstance二审案件caseoftrialofsecondinsurance罚款imposeafine法定证据statutorylegalevidence法定证据制度systemoflegalevidence法官judges法警bailiff;courtpolice法律文书legalinstruments/papers法律援助legalaid法律咨询legalconsulting法庭辩论courtdebate法庭调查courtinvestigation法庭审理笔录courtrecord法庭审理方式modeofcourttrial法庭庭长chiefjudgeofatribunal法院court法院公告courtannouncement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answerwithcounterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminalsuspect附带民事诉讼案件acollateralcivilaction附带民事诉讼被告defendantofcollateralcivilaction复查reexamination;recheck复验reinspect高级人民法院HigherPeople’sCourt告诉案件caseofcomplaint告诉才处理的案件caseacceptedatcomplaint告诉申诉庭complaintandpetitiondivision工读学校work-studyschoolfordelinquentchildren公开审理trialinpublic公开审判制度opentrialsystem公示催告程序procedureofpublicsummonsforexhortation公诉案件public-prosecutingcase公诉词statementofpublicprosecution公证机关publicnotaryoffice共同管辖concurrentjurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助internationaljudicialassistance海事法院maritimecourt合议庭collegialpanel合议庭评议笔录recordofdeliberatingbythecollegiatebench和解composition;compromise核对诉讼当事人身份checkidentityoflitigiousparties恢复执行resumptionofexecution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixedaction基层人民法院basicPeople’sCourt羁押期限termincustody级别管辖subjectmatterjurisdictionofcourtsatdifferentlevels监视居住livingathomeundersurveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorialpower检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorialcommittee检察院procuratorate 检察院派出机构outposttribunalofprocuratorate简易程序summaryprocedure鉴定结论expertconclusion经济审判庭economictribunal径行判决directadjudicationwithoutsessions;judgementwithoutnotice纠问式诉讼inquisitionalproceedings拘传summonbyforce;summonbywarrant拘留所detentionhouse举报information/reportofanoffence举证责任burdenofproof;onusprobandi决定书decision军事法院militaryprocuratorate开庭审理openacourtsession开庭通知noticeofcourtsession勘验笔录recordofinquest看守所detentionhouse可执行财产executableproperty控告式诉讼accusatoryproceedings控诉证据incriminatingevidence控诉职能accusationfunction扣押distrainon;attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期periodofgrace劳动争议仲裁申请书petitionforlabordisputearbitration劳改场reform-through-laborfarm劳教所reeducation-through-laboroffice类推判决的核准程序procedureforexaminationand approvalofanalogicalsentence累积证据cumulativeevidence立案报告placeacaseonfile立案管辖functionaljurisdiction立案决定书writtendecisionofcase-filing立案侦查reportofplacingacaseonfile利害关系人interestedparty临时裁决书interimaward律师见证书lawyer’swrittenattestation;lawyer’swrittenauthentication律师事务所lawoffice;lawfirm律师提前介入priorinterventionbylawyer免于刑事处分exemptionfromcriminalpenalty民事审判庭civiltribunal民事诉讼civilaction民事诉讼法CivilProceduralLaw扭送seizeanddeliverasuspecttothepolice派出法庭detachedtribunal派出所policestation判决judgement;determination判决书judgement;determination;verdict(指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantialevidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approvalofarrest破案clearupacriminalcase;solveacriminalcase破产bankruptcy;insolvency普通程序general/ordinaryprocedure普通管辖generaljurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedureofbankruptcyand liquidationofabusinesscorporation起诉filingofalawsuit起诉sue;litigate;prosecute;institutionofproceedings起诉状indictment;information区县检察院grassrootsPeople’sProcuratorate取保候审thebailpendingtrialwithrestrictedlibertyofmoving缺席判决defaultjudgement人民调解委员会People’sMediationCommittee认定财产无主案件casesconcerningdeterminationofpropertyasqwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件casesconcerningdeterminationofacitizenasincompetentorwithlimiteddispo singcapacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petitionforappeal少管所juvenileprison社会治安综合治理comprehensivetreatmentofsocialsecurity涉外案件casesinvolvingforeigninterests涉外民事诉讼foreigncivilproceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreigncriminalproceedings申请人applicant;petitioner申请书petition;applicationforarbitration申请执行人executionapplicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’saffidavitofauthenticity申诉书appealforrevision;petitionforrevision神示证据制度systemofdivinityevidence神示制度ordealsystem审查案件casereview审查并决定逮捕examineanddecidearrest审查起诉阶段stageofreviewandprosecution审理通知书noticeofhearing审判长presidingjudge审判长宣布开庭presidingjudgeannouncecourtinsession审判管辖adjudgement/trialjurisdiction审判监督程序procedurefortrialsupervision审判委员会judicialcommittee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitionalproceedings生效判决裁定legallyeffectivejudgement/order胜诉方winningparty省市自治区检察院higherPeople’sProcuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declarationofdisappearanceanddeath实（质）体证据substantialevidence实物证据tangibleevidence实在证据realevidence示意证据demonstrativeevidence视听证据audio-visualevidence 收容所collectingpost;saferetreat首席大法官chiefjustice首席检察官chiefprocurator受害人的近亲属victim’simmediatefamily受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registrationformofacceptanceofcriminalcase 受送达人theaddressee书记员courtclerk书记员宣读法庭纪律courtclerkreadscourtrules书证documentaryevidence死缓的复核judicialreviewofdeathsentencewitharetrieve死刑复核程序procedureforjudicialreviewofdeathsentence死刑复核权competenceforjudicialreviewofdeathsentence送达serviceofprocess送达传票serviceofsummons/subpoena送达诉状serviceofbillofcomplaint搜查search诉sue;suit;action;lawsuit诉前财产保全propertyattachmentpriortolawsuit诉讼litigation;lawsuit;sue;action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigiousparticipants诉讼代理人agentadlitem诉状complaint;billofcomplaint;stateofclaim特别程序specialprocedures提起公诉instituteapublicprosecution铁路法院railwaycourt铁路检察院railroadtransportprocuratorate庭审程序procedureofcourttrial通缉wantedforarrest投案appearance退回补充侦查returnofacaseforsupplementaryinvestigation委托辩护entrusteddefense未成年人法庭juvenilecourt无行政职务的法官associatejudge无正当理由拒不到庭refusetoappearincourtwithoutduecause无罪判决acquittal,findingof“notguilty”物证materialevidence先予执行申请书applicationforadvancedexecution先予执行advancedexecution刑事案件criminalcase刑事拘留criminaldetention刑事强制拘留criminalcoercive/compulsorymeasures刑事审判庭criminaltribunal刑事诉讼criminalproceedings刑事诉讼法CriminalProceduralLaw刑事自诉状self-incriminatingcriminalcomplaint行政案件administrativecase行政审判庭administrativetribunal行政诉讼administrativeproceedings行政诉讼法AdministrativeProceduralLaw宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件casesconcerningthedeclaration ofdisappearanceanddeath宣判笔录recordofrenditionofjudgement选民资格案件casesconcerningqualificationsofvoters询问证人inquire/questionawitness训诫reprimand讯问笔录recordofinterrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogatecriminalsuspect言词证据verbalevidence要求传唤证人申请书applicationforsubpoena一裁终局arbitrationawardshallbefinalandbinding一审trialoffirstinstance一审案件caseoftrialoffirstinstance应诉通知书noticeofrespondencetoaction有罪判决sentence;findingof“guilty”予审preliminaryexaminantion;pretrial原告plaintiff院长courtpresident阅卷笔录recordoffilereview(bylawyers)再审案件caseofretrial 再审申请书petitionforretrial责令具结悔过ordertosignastatementofrepentance债权人会议creditors’meeting侦查阶段investigationstage侦查终结conclusionofinvestigation征询原、被告最后意见consultingfinalopinion oftheplaintiffanddefendant证据evidence证据保全preserveevidence证据保全申请书applicationforevidencepreservation证人证言testimonyofwitness;affidavit支付令paymentorder/warrant知识产权庭intellectualpropertytribunal执行程序procedureexecution执行逮捕executionofarrest执行和解conciliationofexecution执行回转recoveryofexecution执行庭executivetribunal执行异议objectiontoexecution执行员executor执行中止discontinuanceofexecution执行终结conclusionofexecution指定辩护appointeddefense指定仲裁员声明statementofappointingarbitrator中级人民法院intermediatePeople’sCourt中途退庭retreatduringcourtsessionwithoutpermission仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent;defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant;plaintiff仲裁庭arbitrationtribunal仲裁委员会arbitrationcommittee仲裁协议arbitrationagreement;clausesofarbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principalprocurator助理检察官assistantprocurator助理审判员assistantjudge专门法院specialcourt专门管辖specificjurisdiction专属管辖exclusivejurisdiction追究刑事责任investigateforcriminalresponsibility自首confessiontojustice自诉案件private-prosecutingcase自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrineofdiscretionalevaluationofevidence自侦案件self-investigatingcase最高人民法院theSupremePeople’sCourt最高人民检察院theSupremePeople’sProcuratorate最后裁决书finalaward。