2021年电大言语交际期末复习重点精心收集
电大《言语交际》考试复习题
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《言语交际》考试复习题(一)、填空题部分:1、句子是语言交际的基本单位。
2、修辞格特定结构形式的功能包括定势功能;形成形式美。
3、女性语体的特点是文雅性、敏感性。
4、词语锤炼的最高境界是恰当自然,各具风格。
5、根据交际环境和语言特点的不同,口头语体可分为交谈体、演讲体。
6、老年语体的特点是怀旧性、重复性、情味性。
7、孔子主张“文质兼备”,是指内容与形式应该力求做到完美统一。
8、唐钺先生1923年出版的《《修辞格》》一书,是我国研究修辞格的开山之作。
9、“朱元璋出身贫寒,是地道的…红五类‟。
”运用的修辞格是短语仿拟。
10、言语风格大体可分为民族风格、时代风格、个人风格、表现风格四种类别。
11、《文心雕龙》的问世奠定了我国古代修辞学的基础。
12、陈望道先生1932年出版的《修辞学发凡》一书使修辞格这个术语广为流传。
13、言语交际中角色原则包括两个准则:定位准则、风格准则。
14、“一个阔人说要读经,嗡的一阵一群狭人也说要读经。
”运用的修辞格是词语仿拟。
15、修辞格一般也称之为辞格、修辞方式,它是在语音、语汇、语法基础上形成的具有规律性的特殊表达格式。
16、言语的时代风格最突出地表现在语汇上。
17、现代修辞学的建立以陈望道的《修辞学发凡》为标志。
18、奇问,它不需要回答,也无法回答,只是用疑问的句式表达某种思想情感,也可以称作“虚问”。
19、“书籍是打开未知世界大门的钥匙”运用的修辞格是比喻。
20、连续使用三个或者三个以上结构一致、语气相同、意思相关的句子或短语的修辞方法叫排比。
21、夸张就是故意言过其词,着意夸大或者缩小表达对象特征的修辞方法。
22、反问是用问句的形式表示达确定的内容的修辞方法。
23、构成比喻的基础是本体和喻体有相似性。
24、根据表达内容和效果的不同,夸张可以分为扩大夸张,缩小夸张,超前夸张三类。
“给小树苗浇完水,他已经看到了参天的大树”就是超前夸张。
25、反语俗称说反话,就是故意用相反的词语来表达本意。
2021年电大学位英语复习资料1
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重点语法解析(1)1、普通当前时(1)表达经常如发生动作或存在状态:常和always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday,every week等时间状语连用。
例:He goes to work every day。
她每天去上班。
(2)表达普遍真理。
由于是众所周知客观事实,因此普通不用时间状语。
例:The earth is round. 地球是圆。
(3)有些表达心理状态或感情动词往往用普通当前时。
例:I don′t think you are right. 我以为你错了。
(4)在时间、条件状语从句中表达将来动作,遵循“主将从现”原则。
惯用连词有as soonas,when,until,if,unless。
咱们在此引用三道真题。
例1-When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?-As soon as ____ _ our work for tomorrow.A.we′re completeB. we′d completeC. we′ll completeD. we complete答案【D】(11月34题)例2 They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ____ their exams.A.have finishedB.finshC.finishedD.was finishing答案【B】(1996年22题)例3 When the mixture ____ ,it will give off a powerful force.A.will heatB.will be heatedC.is heatedD.has heated答案【C】(1992年5题)2、当前进行时(1)表达此时此刻(说话时)正在进行动作。
例:The teacher is talking with his students.教师正在与学生们谈话。
电大汉语通论精华版考试复习资料知识点复习考点归纳总结
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【最新】电大汉语通论期末复习考试资料考点归纳总结一、填空1.语言的三要素是指(语音)、(词汇 )和( 语法 )。
2.按其构造方式的不同,可将合成词分为(派生词)和(复合词)两大类。
3.书面语体包括:(1) (文艺)语体;(2) (公文)语体;(3) (科技)语体;(4) (政论)语体。
4.东汉许慎所编的《说文解字》是我国第一部完备的字典。
1.国际音标是国际语音学会于1888年制定公布的记音符号,已成为最通用的记音工具。
2.现代汉字有三种基本结构模式,即:(1)上下关系;(2)左右关系;(3)包围关系。
3.成语的特点主要体现为:结构定型形式整齐含义丰富4.词义的历时变化主要有三种情况:(1)词义的扩大;(2)词义的缩小; (3)词义的转移。
1.世界上使用人口最多的语言是汉语。
2.国际音标具有以下特点:(1)精确性;(2)通用性;(3)实用性;(4)开放性。
4.按其构造方式的不同,可将词分为单纯词和合成词两大类。
1.汉语属于汉藏语系。
2.声音的四个构成要素是指音高音强音长音色3.基本词的特点主要体现为:(1)全民常用性;(2)历史稳固性;(3)构词能产性。
4.按照意义相同的程度,可把同义词分为两类:一类是等义,一类是近义.3.相同的语音形式表达不同的意义内容,就形成了同音词和多义词,不同的话音形式表达相同或相近的意义内窖,就形成了同义词.1.语言符号主要具有两大特点:(1)任意性;(2)线性。
2.“六书”包括象形指事会意形声转注假借前四种是造字法,后两种是用字法。
2.构词语素在词中的地位和作用是有区别的,表示实在的词汇意义的语素是词根,表示附加意义的虚语素是词缀。
二、选择1.四川话属于(川方言区)。
1.南京话属于(北方方言区)。
2.《汉语拼音方案》是采用国际通用的(拉丁) 字母制订的。
3.从文字的体制也即文字同语言的关系来看,汉字属于(语素文字)。
2.语言中最小的音义结合体是(语素 )。
2.决定汉语声调的声音要素主要是(音高)。
言语交际艺术复习资料
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言语交际艺术复习资料第一篇:言语交际艺术复习资料言语交际艺术复习资料一、简答题(一)论语《乡党》孔子于乡党,恂恂如也,似不能言者。
其在宗庙、朝廷,便便言,唯谨尔。
朝,与下大夫言,侃侃如也;与上大夫言,訚訚如也。
1、翻译;2、意思。
答:1、孔子在他的家乡,显得非常恭顺,好像他是一个不能说话的人。
他在宗庙供奉祖先的时候、在朝廷商议国家大事的时候,有话便能明白流畅地说出,只是他很谨慎罢了。
上朝的时候,和比他职位低的官员说话,他就显得温和而快乐;与比他职位高的官员说话,他显得正直恭敬。
2、a,“于乡党”“在宗庙朝廷”指在不同场合说话;b,“与下大夫言”“与上大夫言”指与不同的人;c,说话要看场合,不同的场合说不同的话,对不同的地位、职业、性别年龄的人说不同的话。
(二)有人说:“骗子是说谎的,但他们往往能行骗成功,这与诚信交际不是矛盾么?答:不矛盾。
1、这显然是把过程与结果混淆了,诚信交际强调的是交际过程,骗子行骗成功强调的是结果。
诚信交际与骗子行骗成功是势不两立的。
2、骗子的行骗有可能成功,也有可能被人识破。
诚信交际可能有好的表达效果,也有可能效果不好。
好心变了坏事儿,这样的例子也不少。
我们不能说骗子行骗成功就是好的言语交际艺术,也不能说诚信交际没有取得好的效果时,就否定它。
3、骗子行骗,骗了一时骗不了一世,而老实人说实话,久而久之,被人认可也很有价值。
(三)与同学发生矛盾时,应如何沟通?答:1、以坦诚、宽宏的态度取得同学的谅解:a、有时原因不在自己方面,也要争取早日与同学和好,以坦诚宽宏的态度取得同学的谅解,对待负有主要责任的同学。
b、如果主要责任在自己方面,那就实事求是的检讨自己的缺点和过失,以求得原谅。
2、根据人的不同气质打开僵局:a、胆汁质的同学火气旺、脾气大,与他们沟通,应该单刀直入,实话实说,多加自责,并得到最高的宽容。
b、多血质的同学处事圆滑,能说会道。
与他们沟通要摆事实,讲道理,进行有理有据的说服规劝,他们还是能够接受的。
最新语言学概论期末复习考试知识点复习考点归纳总结
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电大语言学概论考试考点归纳总结一、知识题(填空与选择):1、语言的客观存在形式,首先表现为人与人之间的口头交际行为。
2、口语是第一性的,书面语是第二性的。
3、瑞典、挪威、丹麦三个国家使用同一个语言。
4、口语和书面语包括物理现象和心理现象。
5、口头交际活动有两个因素:语言和言语。
6、瑞士语言学家索绪尔的《普通语言学教程》开创了20世纪现代语言学的新局面。
7、语言系统是由语音系统、语汇系统、语法系统、语义系统组成。
8、在任何语言中,音调变化都是语调的主要构成因素。
9、音强变化在许多语言中有区别意义的作用。
10、音质是由声波的形式决定的。
11、音质是声音四要素中最重要的。
12、人体的发音器官包括发音的动力源、发音体、共鸣腔。
13、口腔、鼻腔和咽腔是人类共鸣腔。
14、语音的物理属性和生理属性是语音的自然属性。
15、[e][ ε][a][ u ][o ][ ][ ɑ]八个音被称作定位元音或标准元音。
16、辅音的音质决定于发音部位和发音方法。
17、音位变体分条件变体和自由变体。
18、音素之间存在着对立关系和互补关系。
19、韵母分成韵头、韵腹、韵尾。
20、常见的语流音变现象有同化、异化、脱落、弱化、增音。
21、同化又可分顺同化和逆同化。
22、从音位理论的角度看,最小的音段是音位。
音位的组合又可进一步划分为音节、音节组合、语句。
23、汉藏语系包括汉语、藏语、苗语。
印欧语系一般都是非声调语言,包括英语、法语、俄语等。
24、声调可从调值和调位两方面来分析。
25、重音可分为词重音和句重音。
26、语汇学包括语汇的类聚系统和语汇的构造形式。
27、根据音节的数量将词分成单音节词、双音节词和多音节词。
根据包含语素的数量将词分成单纯词和合成词。
28、古语词包括历史词语和文言词语。
根据词的不同来源分成新造词、古语词、方言词和外来词。
29、语法分为词法部分和句法部分。
30、语法单位通常分成语素、词、词组和句子。
31、语法手段分成词法手段和句法手段。
最新[言语交际学教程]考试复习资料知识点复习考点归纳总结
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最新[言语交际学教程]考试复习资料知识点复习考点归纳总结电大《言语交际学教程》考试复习资料【综合练习一】(含第一、二章)一、单项选择题(在每小题的备选答案中选出一个正确答案)1、语言中可分离出音素、音位、音节、语素和((2))(1)音长(2)音调(3)字(4)词2、“什么时代说什么话”是指语境对言语表达的(2 )(1)解释作用(2)制约作用(3)生成作用(4)包容作用3、语境不包括参与交际活动的(3 )(1)场景(2)背景(3)主体因素(4)交际动机4、交际中的语言是交际活动的(2 )(1)主体因素(2)核心因素(3)主观因素(4)客观因素5、下列不属于言内语境的是(4 )(1)字境(2)词境(3)句境(6)篇境6、瑞士语言学家索绪尔认识言语交际的公式是(1 )(1)言语活动=语言+言语(2)言语活动=语境+言语(3)言语交际=语言+言语(4)言语交际=语言+语境7、下列说法正确的是(3 )(1)言语是交际的工具(2)语言是具体的(3)言语是个别的(4)言语是概括的、抽象的8、下列说法正确的是(2 )(1)语言是一种社会行为(2)语言是人类社会特有的现象(3)语言是封闭性系统(4)语言是人类唯一的交际工具9、言语交际的基本形式是(4 )(1)书面交际(2)电路交际(3)人机对话(4)口语交际10、根据言内语境所提供的线索,词境是(2 )(1)由合成词构成(2)由短语或句子构成(3)由言语片段构成(4)由上下文构成11、“角色”一词是从(2 )(1)社会阶层中分析出来的(2)戏剧中转引过来的(3)交际中概括出来的(4)社会职业中演化而来的12、交际中的角色指的是(1 )(1)交际主体(2)交际地位(3)交际身份(4)交际内容13、一个人不时地扮演着不同的角色,但真正的“自我”只有(3 )(1)一个(2)两个(3)多个(4)特定个14、一个人在不同的交际中充当不同的角色,表现出一个人在众多交往中的()(1)角色距离(2)角色关系(3)角色身份(4)角色结构15、朋友之间的言语交际表现出来的大都是()(1)亲情(2)感情(3)友情(4)为利而交16、一种介乎友情和爱情之间的感情关系,其言语交际既是相通的,又是彼此尊重的,是指()(1)夫妻(2)恋人(3)朋友(4)长幼17、师生之间的关系是一种()(1)领导与群众的关系(2)尊长爱幼的关系(3)亲情关系(4)特殊的朋友关系18、长辈对晚辈应在言语交际中激励其上进心,对他们的爱护更多地体现在()(1)衣食住行上(2)智力开发上(3)安全防范上(4)美化心灵上19、夫妻之间的言语交际应在无拘无束中适当增加一点儿()(1)原则性(2)策略性(3)宽容性(4)艺术性20、处理好主雇之间的关系关键在于()(1)互相尊重(2)互相依赖(3)遵守共同的和约(4)增加一点趣味性〖参考答案〗14、(4)15、(3)16、(3)17、(4)18、(2)19、(4)20、(3)二、多项选择题(在每小题的备选答案中选出2-5个正确答案)1、语言的特点是()(1)可分离性(2)可组合性(3)个人独创性(4)理智性(5)可继承性2、言语是一种个人规则,它()(1)是个人对语言的驾驭(2)在表述时表现为话语(3)是一种创造性的组合(4)可以脱离语言(5)既要依据心理,又要依据声音,也受心理制约3、无论口语还是书面语的交际,都包含以下基本要素()(1)交际活动的参与者(2)交际方式(3)交际者的动机(4)交际环境(5)交际的语言和辅助手段4、人们运用语言进行交际的过程包含()(1)编码(2)接受(3)解码(4)发出(5)传递5、言内语境可逐级划分为()(1)字境(2)词境(3)句境(4)段境(5)篇境6、提高语言在传递过程中的速度和清晰度,要求人们讲究表达的()(1)一致性(2)规范性(3)准确性(4)艺术性(5)公关性7、言语交际中话语在上下文制约下的组合,可概括为()(1)前后关联(2)上下承接(3)承上组合(4)倚下组合(5)上下互倚8、下列属于人际交往社会关系的是()(1)血缘(2)地缘(3)职缘(4)游缘(5)人缘9、社会上种种交际关系大体可分为()(1)综合性(2)交叉性(3)典型性(4)单一性(5)实用性10、处理好顺应性和对立性的人际交往,可采取以下策略()(1)软硬兼施(2)以软对软(3)以硬碰硬(4)以柔克刚(5)刚柔相济〖参考答案〗1、(1)(2)(4)(5)2、(1)(2)3、(1)(3)(4)(5)4、(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)5、(1)(2)(3)(4)6、(2)(3)(4)7、(3)(4)(5)8、(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)9、(1)(4)10、(2)(3)(4)(5)三、名词解释1、言语2、语境3、言内语境4、言外语境5、交际情景6、交际角色7、角色距离8、角色结构四、简答题1、简述语言和言语的关系。
国家开放大学电大《言语交际学》题库题库及答案
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《言语交际》期末复习重点《言语交际学》形考册答案一、名词解释1.言语:是人们所说的话的总和,包括以说话人的意志为转移的个人的组合和实现这些组合所必需的同样是与意志有关的发音行为,即话语和言语行为。
2.交际主体:从事言语交际活动的个人或团体。
特指言语交际参与者中的表达一方。
3.语言能力:说话人(听话人)所具有的关于他的语言(母语)的知识。
4.角色:是一个人由其在社会关系中的位置所决定的,拥有相应权利和义务的地位、身份。
5.交际能力:交际主体恰当地应用语言开展交际活动的能力。
二、简答题1.简述索绪尔关于“言语活动”过程的几个环节。
(参见《言语交际学》P3)2.简述言语交际学的主要任务。
(参见《言语交际学》P37)3.简述角色的主要类型。
(参见《言语交际学》P60)4.简述如何消除交际主体的角色冲突。
(参见《言语交际学》P73-74)三、辨析题(辨别下列说法是否正确,并说明理由。
)1.两个人之间说话的行为,可以称作“个人言语行为”。
(×,两个人之间说话的行为改为纯属个人的言语行为)2.顾客对营业员说:“请给我拿点盐来。
”这反映了言语交际的人际功能。
(×,是行为功能)3.语用学与语义学的最大区别在于研究某一语言实例时是否考虑语境。
(√)4.当面对自己的子女时,“父亲”是先赋性角色、活跃性角色、依赖性角色。
(√)5.在具体的言语交际活动中,只有活跃性角色起作用,潜隐性角色不会对交际产生影响。
(×,潜隐性角色有时也会影响到言语交际活动)6.交际主体只有按照经常性角色实施言语行为,才有可能与交际对象达成角色共视,保证言语交际的成功。
(×,经常性角色改为交际角色)四、材料题(阅读下面的材料,回答后面的问题)1.母亲对儿子说:“一定要做一个诚实的人。
”老师在课堂上说:“亚里士多德是最早研究言语交际的学者之一。
”老张和老王相遇。
老张:“早上好!今天天气不错啊。
”(1)母亲说的话反映了言语交际的何种功能?——行为功能(2)老师说的话反映了言语交际的何种功能?——认知功能(3)老张说的话反映了言语交际的何种功能?——人际功能2.一位顾客买了一瓶桔子汁,回家后发现买重复了,到商店退货。
最新电大言语交际考核作业1、2、3、4参考答案资料知识点复习考点归纳总结
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三一文库()*电大考试*电大言语交际作业一答案一、判断正误4、7、8、10是对的,其余错二、案例分析1.言语交际的表现形式,从不同角度认识:有口头交际与书面交际,有单向交际与双向交际,正式交际与非正式交际,直接间接交际,同级交际与非同级交际。
这段对话是主任对秘书下达任务,必须完成的,所以属于非同级交际。
2.言语交际应注意以下几个原则:(1)满足交际的目的;(2)适应言语环境;(3)坚持不断创新;(4)注意语言规范。
第1)个案例:经理在会上给员工做报告,是一种较正式的场合,所以他的话不符合适应言语环境的原则。
第2)个案例:符合坚持不断创新原则,这样更能感动人,有浪漫色彩和情调。
第3)个案例:不符合适应言语环境原则。
开庭审判时属于正式场合,不能说“犯人的老婆”这样的话。
第4)个案例:不符合满足交际目的的原则。
3.小李对小王的话语、评价是不正确的。
小王的话强调小说《倚天屠龙记》好看,很快就把它读完了,并不是真的一口气就读完了,他的意思是受小说情节吸引,看得很快。
三、问答题1.言语交际有下列要求:(1)具备组织话语的能力(2)临场应变能力(3)形式创新能力(4)掌握言语技巧的能力。
2.当代言语交际具有媒介手段的多样性。
如电报、打电话、手机、QQ聊天、论坛等。
3.正式交际应规范,多用书面语,做充分准备,非正式交际使用灵活口头语,而非正式交际不用准备,随意性大。
4.在言语交际中要注意:话语组织能力,临场应变能力,语言技巧及创新能力,在具体的场合要注意不同的言语交际方式。
如我们在课堂上老师要随时应变多种突发问题,这就需要教师具备临场应变能力。
而在人与人的交往中,也要注意技巧问题。
言语交际作业二答案一、判断正误第二,五两个题正确,其余错误。
二、案例分析1.这些歌词在运用词语上的特点是:歌词朗朗上口,每句都运用了押韵,使人感到稳妥和谐。
2.这段话读起来令人赏心悦目,因为它运用了拟人、比喻等修辞手法,使“月儿”形象鲜明。
电大言语交际学模拟试题及答案精心收集新版
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电大《言语交际学》模拟试题及答案(精心收集)电大《言语交际》模拟试题一及答案一、填空题( 20分)1.语言是一个音义结合的符号体系, 是人类最重要的交际工具。
2.交际主体的能力大致有两个方面, 一是语言能力, 二是交际能力。
3.话语除了字面意义外, 还有其它三种意义, 即语言意义、语境意义和语用意义。
4.角色从不同的标准能够区分为先赋形角色和获得性角色, 活跃性角色和潜隐性角色,经常性角色和依赖性角色。
5.角色扮演者对角色期望的同化和顺应又称作角色期望的内化。
6.情景语境包括: 时间、地点, 话题, 方式 , 交际对象和潜在受话人。
7.一般把上下文语境分为语音上下文, 语义上下文, 语法上下文。
二、辨析对错并说明理由( 20分)1.在交际主体扮演的角色中, 与语言风格相关的主要是主体的经常性角色。
( √)2.在言语交际中, 说话人若违背方式准则, 势必达不到良好的交际效果。
( ×, 有时出于修辞的需要, 交际主体也会有意违背方式准则, 以隐晦的话语达到含蓄的效果。
)3.话语违反逻辑, 造成语义矛盾或混乱, 既不符合规范要求, 更谈不上幽默。
( ×, 违反逻辑也是创造幽默的常见手法, 经过逻辑上的矛盾、乖谬, 使人在心理上有一个大的跨越和落差, 一样能够创造幽默感。
)4.话语含蓄其实就是一种间接言语行为, 二者只是说法不同。
( ×, 含蓄与间接言语行为有一定的关系, 但含蓄话语的语言意义和语用意义之间的距离大于一般的间接言语行为, 相互之间的关系更为间接一些。
)三、简答题( 20分)1.简述诚实准则和信用准则的要求和二者的区别。
( 参见《言语交际学》P172)2.简述方式准则的要求并举例说明。
( 参见《言语交际学》P190)3.简述话语意义的不同层次类型。
( 参见《言语交际学》P129)4.简述”间接言语行为”理论。
( 参见《言语交际学》P141)四、分析题( 20分)1.利用你学到的言语交际的有关知识, 对下面材料进行分析: 间接言语行为, 具体参见《言语交际学》P143公共汽车上, 一个小孩鼻涕流了很长也不动手擦一下, 旁边的年轻女士看不下去了, 就问她说: ”小朋友, 你没有手帕吗? ”小朋友一翻眼睛说: ”有也不借给你。
言语交际重点知识
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1、言语交际:是人们用语言传递与接收信息,交流思想感情以达到某种目的的一种言语活动。
2、语言能力:是人们规范地使用自己的母语的能力,一个人的语言能力主要包括有关自己母语的语言,词汇,语法等方面知识的规范使用。
3、倾听:是一种处世之道,一种美德,是一门艺术。
4、语言的民族性:5、委婉:是指在言语交际中,由于种种原因,有些话不能直说,有些话不便直说,人们就迂回曲折地从侧面或用烘托的方式将本意说出来,让对方思而不得之。
6、行政角色:是指具有行政职责地社会角色,多指各种领导角色与被领导角色。
7、语境:是指语言使用地现实环境,是言语行为赖以存在表现的物质和场所。
8、赞美:是指在人际交往中,一方给予另一方的称赞和表扬,它侧重于对人的某一方面价值的肯定和褒奖。
9、语音规范:是要求在言语交际中发音正确,准确掌握声母,韵母和四种声调的发音方法,进而掌握音节的发音标准,同时还应熟练掌握轻声,儿化和变调的语音知识,了解语音变异的情况。
10、层次:演讲内容的先后次序,也就是演讲展开的脉络和步骤。
一、什么是言语交际学?你期望从中学到什么?言语交际学是研究人们运用语言进行交际的现象及规律的一门现代语言学分支学科。
1、可以更好地指导言语交际实践,提升言语交际的效率2、有助于在言语交际中加强了解,增进友谊,协调关系。
3、有助于化解交际中的窘迫二、言语和语言的联系和区别联系:语言和言语的关系是交际工具与工具在交际中的运用的关系语言存在于言语中,言语是语言的存在形式。
同时,语言制约着人们的言语行为。
两者相辅相成,共同发展,两者紧密连接而且互为前提,相互依存区别:语言是抽象的,言语是具体的.语言属于社会的范畴,言语属于个人分析一、结合生活中的案例,举例一个或两个例子说明言语交际在生活中的重要作用云班课做过二、请举例,言语交际表达包含的技巧并试着说出它的效果技巧:(1)会说言简意赅的话(2)会说委婉含蓄的话(3)会说甘于示弱的话(4)会说幽默诙谐的话(5)会说情感真诚的话效果:(1)抛开转弯抹角与旁升技节,抓住要表达东西的精髓,巧做对比,以求达到一语中的,一招制胜的效果。
电大《言语交际》期末复习重点
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电大《言语交际》期末复习重点一、填空题:1、言语交际的基本功能:传递信息2、角色冲突的主要表现:交际角色与潜隐性社会角色之间的冲突,是一种角色间冲突3、话语衔接的主要方法:语法衔接、词汇衔接4、社会功能角度对语言的定义:是人类最重要的思维工具、交际工具和文化载体5、交际主体的角色分类:先赋性角色与获得性角色、活跃性角色与潜隐性角色、经常性角色与依赖性角色6、幽默的作用:增添情趣、化解矛盾7、幽默的三种表现形式:超常类比、出人意料、违反逻辑8、言语交际中安全原则的主要表现:话题安全准则、对象安全准则、地点安全准则、方式安全准则9、言语行为理论:英国哲学家奥斯汀的《如何用语词做事》发表,奠定了言语行为理论的基础。
人们每说一句话,同时在施行三种行为:言内行为(交际主体说话或写字的行为,它传达话语的语言意义)、言外行为(主体通过说话或写字来显示自己的交际意图的行为,它传达话语的语用意义)、言后行为(主体通过显示自己的交际意图促使交际对象实施相应行为,它体现了言语交际的效果)。
言外行为分为阐述类、指令类、承诺类、表达类、宣告类。
10、合作原则的提出者:美国语言哲学家格赖斯11、言语交际过程中的三要素:交际主体、语境、话语12、索绪尔的语言理论:语言从本质上说是一种“符号”,概念和音响就是符号的“所指”和“所能”,因而一种语言也就是一个符号系统,语言学归属于符号学。
语言就是语言活动减去言语。
言语包括话语和言语行为。
13、普通话的定义:即汉民族共同语,即以北京语音为标准音,以北方话为基础方言,以典范的现代白话文著作为语法规范的普通话。
14、社会文化语境的内涵与分类:是与言语交际相关的社会文化背景。
分为文化习俗和社会规范。
15、话语连贯的主要体现:话题集中和语义贯通16、话语语言意义的特性:概括性和模糊性17、利奇的“礼貌原则”包含的六项准则:策略准则、宽宏准则、赞扬准则、谦虚准则、赞同准则、同情准则18、“含蓄”的两种表现形式:“言有尽而意无穷”、“言未尽意亦未尽”19、话语的意义:语言意义、语境意义、语用意义20、主体规则包含的四种原则:诚信原则、角色原则、合作原则、礼貌原则21、话语规范准则的具体体现:连贯、简明22、话语中文字特有的表现手段:排列、变形23、话语中句子与句子之间形成均衡关系的主要呈现形式:比例均衡、结构均衡。
电大英语II(2)期末复习
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第一部分交际用语、1. —Sam, this is my friend, Jane. B. Glad to meet you, Jane2. —What’s the matter with you?—C. I feel a bit sick3. —Could I talk to Prof. Lee? —A. Yes, speaking4. —I’ve got a bad cold today.—B. Oh, dear! I hope you get better soon5. —Can you tell me where I can park the car— C. Well, just over there6. —What’s the best way to get to the Empire Hotel from here?— B. Walking through the wood7. —You needn’t do the work till after the New Year.—B. Oh, good! Thank you.8. —Have a nice holiday, Ted.— C. Thank you, and you too 、9. —How was the journey to London?—A. It went very well10. —Can you help me clear up the mess?—D. No problem11 —Are you on holiday here?—C. No, we aren’t. We live here 、12. —What’s the fare to the museum?— D. Five dollars13. —Is it going to be warm next week?—A. Yes, it is14. —What do you usually do in your spare time?—B. Reading15. —Do you mind if I read the newspaper on the table?— B. Go ahead, please16. —May I speak to Prof Li please?—D. I’m afraid you’ve got the wrong number17. —Here you are, Sir.—D. Thank you very much18. —So sorry to trouble you.—A. It’s a pleasure19. —Would you like a tea?—A. Yes, please20. —What does your English teacher look like?— D. She looks much like her mother21. —How long will you be away from Italy?— B. About a month22. —What’s the weather like in this area?— B. It’s rainy23. —How are you feeling now? —_A. Much better24. —What time does the train leave?—_C. At half past five25. —Have you ever been to Tokyo—B. No, but I hope to go there next year第二部分:词汇与语法结构1. My watch has been losing time for the past week. It probably needs A. cleaning2. We are going to have our office to make room for a new engineer.C. rearranged3. Mary said to me, “If I had seen your bag, I ________ it to you.”B. would have returned4. We shall have an opportunity to exchange _______ tomorrow. C. views5. Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it _______ last night. C. must have rained、6. You will get used to ________ here when you have settled down.A. living7. She is very careful. She _______ very few mistakes in her work. C. makes8. Unfortunately the poor girl can’t do anything but _ all her belongings at a low price. B. sell9. Do you think Tommy is ______________ the truth?C. telling10. ___she couldn’t understand was why fewer and fewer went to him for help.B. What11.. They were asked to avoid _______ any water which had not been boiled.A. drinking12. John fell asleep _______ he was listening to the music. C. while13. 1 have taken many photos. I’m going to get the film ________ B. developed14. If the weather had been good, the children ________ out for a walk. C. could have gone15. The car won’t start because the battery has________.A. run out16. The hall was almost empty. There were ________ people in it.C. few17. Before joining the army, he spent a lot of time in the village ______ he belonged. B. to which18. The doctor advised her _______ enough rest before going back to work. B. to get19. _______ of them has a bedroom and a study.C. Each20. The workers are busy _______ models for the exhibition. D. making21. My boss is _________ holding pointless meetings. It really annoys me. B. always22. That dinner was the most expensive meal we ____________ D. had ever had23. Robert is said __________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A. to have been studying24 –If he ____________, he ____________ that food. B. had been warned; would not have taken25. I was sick, but I _____ it at the weekend .B. got over26. John was bored, ____ he left his life in England. B. so27. These new processes _____________.A. should be controlled28. This is very important. You _____ remember to shut down your computer every evening. B. must29. John Walters claimed that this lack of information _____ in negative feelings towards the media.B. had resulted30. _________ you change your mind, I won’t be able to help you. B. Unless31. It is one of the best concerts I ____________. C.have ever been to32. He _________ his father for both of them love walking in the countryside.B. is like33. Then she cheered ______ a lot when they got ______ the taxi. D. up…into34. Does this patient’s record need _____ now? No, you can finish it later. C. completing35. Could you tell me ________?C. how long you have lived here36. There are many cities _________ very fast. D. expandingst year _______ of new books were published on environmental protectionA. hundreds38. Waste electrical goods _______________ safely. B. must be disposed of39. There is a lot of crime on television. _______ other issues are pushed out.A. Therefore第三部分:完形填空Passage 1The biggest adventure I’ve ever had was trekking in Thailand. We hired a guide (1)C) to take _us to a village in the jungle. We didn’t know that he (2)B) had never been there before. (3) A) Unless we reached the village, we wouldn’t be able to find somewhere to sleep, (4) A) so we wanted to get there in about 8 hours. After two hours we all realised we were lost. The (5)C) further we walked, the more confused we became. Luckily after a further 4 hours we met some hunters. They didn’t speak the same language as our guide, but we were able to (6)D) get across that we were lost. They (7)B) redirected us towards the village. It was after dark when we arrived there. We had been walking (8)A) for over 14 hwewere(9) B)absolutely exhausted. We had been very lucky; if we (10) D) hadn’t met_ the hunters, we would have had to sleep in Passage 2Scientists are working hard to develop better aerials for mobile phones, a spokesman for Phikia Phones said today. ‘It really (11) _ A. irritates users when they lose the signal in the middle of a call, so we are developing new aerials that will enable users (12) _ C. to receive _ stronger signals. Many users reported that when they (13) B. were travelling _, the signal was often lost’, said the spokesman. The new aerals are designed to avoid (14) A. losing _the signal by receiving the message on a wider range of radio frequencies. ‘We (15) C. have learnt __that this is a major concern for phone users’said the spokesman. The new phones have a flexible external aerial, which users will have (16) _ B. to used to _ touching their ear or head. The aerials (17) _ B.-- __ make the phones able to pick up a wider range of signals. The company spokesman insisted (18) B. to _this was not a potential danger –“(19) C. Every safety regulation has been followed”, he told our reporter. “If (20) B. I’d had _ one of these phones this morning, I wouldn’t have missed my train coming here”, joked the spokesman.Passage 3Ian and Shiree are a very unusual couple. Although they (21) . A. live _ in the heart of London, they try to grow as much of their own food as possible. At the moment they (22) C. are renting _ an allotment from the local council to grow food on, but they plan (23) B. to buy _more land soon. ‘We (24) D. started growing our own food five years ago’, said Ian, ‘Since then we (25) B. have grown about half of the vegetables we need and a quarter of the fruit. We (26) D. have been grown on the allotment for three years. We (27) D. had only used our own garden before that.’They do not plan to stop there though, ‘By this time next year we (28)_ A. will have bought enough land to grow about 75% of our food’, said Ian. Why do they do this? ‘We (29)C. worry _ about the chemicals used to grow our food’, said Shiree. ‘More and more people(30)_ B. are going to do the same in the future’, predicted Shiree.Passage 4Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing (31)_ B. to complain about a recent stay at your hotel, The Grand. My wife and I arrived on 21st March and stayed for two nights. Firstly we waited twenty minutes at reception because there was nobody (32)_ D. atthe desk. Then we waited a further twenty minutes because the receptionist could not find our booking. (33)__ A. Moreover _our luggage was left unattended in reception for three hours until we finally took it to our room ourselves.Our room was not available immediately when we arrived. Therefore we had to wait another hour (34)_ D. have asked forwe could go to the room. When we saw the room, it had two single beds and we (35)C. had asked for __ a double bed, so we had to change it. Unfortunately the second room was on the top floor and the lift was (36)_ A. out of order __. And although we had asked for a room with a sea view, it was facing the road.Although the food in the restaurant was quite good, we were unhappy with the (37)_ D. service__ we received. We had booked an evening meal inclusive in the price of the room. Consequently we did not take money to the dining room and then discovered (38)_ B. that we had to pay for the wine immediately. Unfortunately, the waiters were rude and (39)C.unhelpful _. However the manager did agree that we could pay the wine bill in the morning.To sum up I was most dissatisfied with the entire experience and I expect full compensation for the inconvenience caused.I look forward (40)_ A. to hearing _ from you.Passage 5I was travelling alone in Western Australia last year, and one day I set 41 B. off to climb a high peak in that area. Although in the summer there are many tourists, I was there out of season 42_ B. so there weren’t any tour groups. Soon after I reached the top, it began to drizzle and the fog came 43 D. down . Very soon, it was so thick 44 D. down I couldn’t even make out the path.I take my phone with me everywhere 45 C. because you never know when you will need it. Eventually I called my dad, 46 A. who was 9,000 miles away in the UK. He told me to phone the local emergency services, but I felt 47 B. so stupid that I didn’t want to. 48 A. Luckily , my dad realised this and made up his mind to call them himself. The rescuers called me 49 C.on my mobile to find out exactly where I was, but unfortunately the battery ran out after five seconds. I lay down under a rock and waited –it was nearly night-time and I was cold and wet. Just as they were about to call off the search for the night, they found me. Fortunately one rescuer had said ‘Let’s try for just five more minutes.’50 A. If they had given up, I would have died.Passage 6Dealing with waste is a huge global problem. Unfortunately, many people don’t usually think much about what happens 51 A. to their old fridge when they update to the latest model. A few just dump it 52 B. in the street without another thought.53 D. As a result , Britain currently has over a million old fridges rotting in dumps in fields and in warehouses because the country does not have enough equipment to dispose 54_ D. of them. New European Union regulations say that from 1 January 2002, all material 55 C. that depletes the ozone layer, such as CFC coolants, must 56_ C. be removed from fridges before they are put in landfill sites. It is 57 D. likely to take quite a while to solve the problem. But it is not only fridges 58 C. that are difficult to get rid of. What about old computers, TVs and other hi-tech junk? For example, Guangdong Province, inthe southeast of China, has been suffering 59 A. from problems caused by imported waste electrical goods like computers. Workers there have been breaking up old computers to extract the recyclable parts like chips, and precious metals 60 B. like gold and platinum.短文理解Blocks of “high-rise”flats have been built in large numbers in London and in many other big cities. Just after the Second World War these big, twenty-to-thirty storey buildings,C. in many big citiesD. they were built on less land and were able to house a lot more people A.it was not until hundreds of the vast blocks had been built, people began to doubt about whether they were good solutions or not B. even a well-known designer of the high-rises believes they are no good for people C. Developing criminal tendencies.短文理解2Sura Elmer came to Shanghai last July from the Netherlands, and will remain here for the next couple of years. He worked at the Holiday Inn Hotel as a sales manager, “One important A. a Dutch D according to an agreement between the hotels in Shanghai and Amsterdam B. are more serious B. Sura Elmer eats and sleeps in the hotel free of charg C. people spit on the ground短文理解3I used to think education was the most important thing in my life. Recently my attitude has begun to change, although I still hold that it is essential for everyone in the world today.C. realizes that it is more important to really develop oneself than just to store knowledge A. a student in her third year in collegD. don’t necessarily reflect her real self B.she does not know how to communicate with others B. She wants to change her lifestyle.短文理解4Dear Bob, I’m just writing to let you know our new address and to invite you to our house-warming party next Saturday. A. an informal invitation D. he is not able to write this letter to Bob earlier B. they still had a little money left to afford the party C. in a new housing estate A. manage to attend their party短文理解5Dear Uncle Ric,We were very sorry to hear that you are in hospital again, A. again after having fully recovered from an operation C. James’s elder brother D. going to take some examinations B. but Robin, his mother, does not like the idea B. private letter短文理解6Good children must be good students at school. They should work hard at all subjects and do what is given to them on time. C. What Good Children Should Be Like A. to think independently B. care for their parents, brothers and sisters D.find a good resolution to the problem D.accept it as a matter of fact that they are always right短文理解The AIDS virus has been around for a very long time, but the spread of the disease within the last twenty years or so on such a scale has caused real concern. C. AIDS is a disease which has existed for a long time. D. All of the above. A. More education. B. he education the medical staff get on AIDS C. Great care has been taken to prevent the spread of AIDS everywhere in the world now.短文理解8"Are you the happiest man in the world?" When asked this question, most people would say no. D. not think that C. anyone they think is happier B. Everything goeseffortlessly right for him. A. that he is mistaken in thinking nothing unhappy existed in the latter’s life D. true happiness lies in struggling to be happy短文理解9No country in the world has more daily newspapers than the USA. There are almost 2,000 of them, B. the USA than in Britain or Japan A. they have to compete with television A. printing articles representing different political viewpoints C. newspapers D. the characteristics of American newspapers短文理解Cash of all kinds, the French franc, the German mark, and the Italian lira, is bound to disappear physically. C. entire new forms of digital money will replace cash money A. it is efficient and easy to use D People don’t have to pay for anything when they go shopping anywhere. B. the Internet C. IT projects of any ki第五部分:短文理解(正误判断)短文理解1The Internet has become a part of everyday life for most Britons, says a report published this week by market research company Netinfo.Just over 70% of people questioned for the survey said the net had become essential. The survey reveals that emailing friends and others is the nation’s favourite Internet activity. It also found that people spend an average of seven hours a week online, visiting 13 different websites in seven days. But 10% of all those who surf the net ate doing it for more than 20 hours a week.Just over 2,000 adults in Britain were interviewed for the report. The study found almost 19 million people in the UK –four in ten adults –regularly went online. But the number of new users has slowed down. Numbers online grew by just 11% over the past 12 months compared with 33% the previous year.The report also reveals the increasing importance of the silver surfer. According to the report the number of older people online grew by more than 40% over the past year. People aged over 55 now make up 17% of the UK Internet population.The survey also discovered that many workers surf the net for personal reasons while at work. Almost three-quarters of workers with Internet access admitted using it for pleasure, usually to email friends and family. According to Bill Wills, author of the survey, many employees expect some flexibility, and most employers re willing to accept this. ‘However, employers are less likely to be understanding, if you’re downloading movies or introducing an unfriendly virus to your company network,’he said.1. More than seven out of 10 people feel they can’t manage without the Internet. ______2. Young people use the Internet for emails mainly. ______3. The most common use of the Internet is surfing the web. _______4. On average, people visit 13 websites a day. _______5. About 40% of adults use the Internet. _______短文理解2Tiny Tonga Launches Space Tourism PlanThe tiny poverty-stricken South Pacific state of Tonga has always had serious problems raising money, and so it has always been entrepreneurial. It has sold Tongan passports to Hong Kong businessmen; it sold possible satellite broadcasting locations in space; it even officially changed to a different time zone to be the first country to welcome the new millennium.Now Tonga’s latest money-making venture is a plan to become the world centre of space tourism. The Tonga government has made an agreement with a US company to allow it to use one of its 170 islands to launch rockets that will take tourists on week-long trips into space at a cost of US$2 million each.For this price, space tourists receive 60 days' training in a 'resort setting', followed by the holiday of a lifetime orbiting the Earth. Two astronaut pilots and four astronaut tourists will make the trip. However, sceptics say that these budgets are inadequate. Although they predict that space tourism will eventually bring an income of US$10 –20 billion a year, they calculate that the budget of $8 million per trip will not be enough to pay for the required technology.Comparison with the current space tourism programme suggests this maths may be accurate. To ride the Russian Soyuz (the only tourist ride currently available) costs more than US$20 million per person. However, other people, including one important ex-cosmonaut , criticise the Russian government for raising money in this way, even though it uses the money for the space programme. In the ex-cosmonaut's opinion, it uses up Russia’s agreed quota of space missions without achieving anything. He also believes that these inexperienced tourists would be a danger in a difficult or life-threatening crisis in space.6. Tonga was previously a rich country. ____7. Tonga was the first country to welcome the new millennium on 1st January 2000. ____8. The US government wants to use Tonga to launch rockets. _____9. There will be training before the tourists go into space. _____10. It costs about $ 20 million to launch a spacecraft. _____短文理解3Poll reveals TV news too negativeA recent Time/CNN poll in the USA has discovered that 75% of people agreed that the news media is "sensationalist", 63% found it "too negative" and 73% said they are "sceptical about the accuracy" of the news they are receiving.Local news programmes in the USA are so dominated by stories of violence and crime that other topics like government, education and the environment are left with little airtime.1 Network broadcaster John Walters claimed, “This lack of information has resulted in negative feelings towards the media.”Crime reports, which often serve as lead stories, make up an average of 30.2% of news time on local TV news programmes in the USA. Media researcher Bob Smith reported, “53% of crime reports are about murder, but it is one of the least frequently committed crimes.”Another media study revealed that 42% of all local TV news broadcasts are stories about crime, disaster and war.One possible reason for this is that local television news is ratings driven2. Some market research suggests that viewers like to see stories of crime and violence, which increases the ratings of newscasts. Higher ratings mean higher advertising revenues. Mike Adams, a television executive, explained, "The increase in crime reports is because, on average3, almost half the money a local station makes comes from news."Many experts believe a steady diet of violence-oriented news broadcasts has serious effects. A spokesman for the National Television Violence Committee stated, “There are three main risks associated with viewing media violence. People learn aggressive behaviour. They become desensitised to real-world violence. These lead to an increased fear of being a victim of violence, resulting in mistrust of others.”11. The majority of people polled think that the news media is accurate.12. There is not enough time to talk about a wider range of subjects on the news.13. 53% of all crimes committed are murders.14. Advertising companies invest in TV programmes with high ratings.15. TV stations make too much money from news.短文理解4When Steven King published his book Riding the Bullet, around two million people downloaded it from the Internet within hours. It was the first time that an electronic book had done big business, and it was a wake-up call for the publishing industry.An electronic book, or e-book, is simply a version of a book that allows you to store and display it digitally. There are already thousands of classic and best-selling titles available on websites such as .E-book technology allows you to carry around a whole library in a small unit.You can also highlight a word to bring up its definition or increase the font size if you have bad eyesight. In fact, e-book readers are being developed for people who are visually impaired or dyslexic.Another advantage is that it lets you buy books in segments and carry them around easily, which should appeal to students. In fact, the University of South Dakota is planning to give hand-held devices to all its students to help them in their studies.However, for all this, the current e-book readers are unlikely to make it big. A recent report predicted sales of just 1.9 million in the next 5 years. And the reason? E-books are more difficult to read and they are just not as attractive as the printed word.16. The writer warns that the publishing industry should be ready for an important change.17. E-books will become much cheaper in the near future.18. One advantage of e-books is that you can find the meanings of individual wordseasily.19. Students will use libraries less in the future.20. Sales of e-books are expected to increase rapidly in the future.阅读理解5Many people in the UK have done parachute or bungee jumps for charity. People like to help charities and if they can have a bit of fun at the same time then everyone is happy. Usually the person doing the jump has responded to an advertisement in the paper asking for volunteers. The person receives a sponsorship form from the charity, which they complete with the names of friends, relatives and colleagues who promise to give money to the charity if the person does the jump. Once the person has enough sponsorship, he or she will do the jump and usually receives a certificate to show their sponsors. The sponsors then pay their money to the charity.21. If you want to parachute or bungee jump in the UK you must do it for a charity.22. People like to have fun and help charities.23. A lot of sponsorship is needed before you can do a jump.24. People always receive a certificate after doing a parachute or bungee jump.25. The sponsors pay their money after the person has done the jump.阅读理解6It is unusual these days for people not to have a TV, in fact many homes have two or three. However, more and more people are choosing to live without TV. The number of homes without a television in the UK has been growing steadily for over 10 years now. Many people choose not to have a TV because they are worried about their children. One parent, Joan, said, ‘We got rid of our TV when our son was 4 because we found that he was more interested in watching television than playing, and we thought this wasn’t healthy’. Many people think that not having a TV has improved their lives: ‘Since selling our television my wife and I read more, talk more and have more time for our hobbies’, said Paul, who has sold his TV. So, when people tell you that they cannot live without television, you can tell them that they are not following the latest trend!26. The majority of homes in the UK have more than one television.27. The trend of not having a television is not new.28. Joan’s son was an unhealthy child.29. Paul thinks his life has improved since he sold his TV.30. The latest trend is to have more than one television.第五部分短文理解(正误判断)答案1. T2. NG3. F4. F5. T6. F7. T8. F9. T 10. NG11. F 12. T 13. F 14. T 15. NG16. T 17. NG 18. T 19. NG 20. F21. F 22. T 23. NG 24. F 25. T26. NG 27. T 28. F 29. T 30. F。
最新电大现代汉语专题汇总知识点复习考点归纳总结参考
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三一文库()*电大考试*一.名词解释第二章:语音音素:音素是从音色角度划分出来的最小语音单位音位:一种语言或方言里能区别词义的最小语音单位。
语音:语音就是人类说话时发出的代表一定意义的声音。
它包括生理属性,物理属性、社会属性三个方面。
音高:就是声音的高低,决定于声波的频率。
音高在汉语里的作用非常重要。
音强:就是声音的强弱,决定于声波的振幅普通话里的轻音与音强有关。
音长:就是声音的长短,决定于发音体振动的时间。
音量与音高、音强、音长有关。
音色:又叫音质,就是声音的特色、本质,是不同的声音能够互相区别的最基本的特征,它决定于声波振动的形式。
音节:音节是语音的基本结构单位,是人们在听觉上自然感受到的最小的语音片断。
元音:发音时气流不受阻碍、声带一定振动、响亮清晰的音素,称为元音辅音:发音时气流受到发音器官各种阻碍,声带不一定振动,不够响亮清晰的音素称为辅音。
声母:音节开头的部分韵母:音节结构声母后头的部分复韵母:有两个或三个元音组合而成的韵母鼻韵母:有一个或两个元音和一个鼻辅音做韵尾组成的韵母单韵母:有一个元音构成的韵母韵腹:韵母中开口度最大、最清晰响亮的原因,韵腹是韵母中不可缺少的,必须有元音充当。
声调:音节高低升降变化而有区别意义的作用的一种语音现象。
儿化:普通话的卷舌韵母“er”不与声母拼合,除自成音节外,还可以附加在别的音节的后面,和前面的韵母融为一体。
使前面的韵母变成卷舌韵母。
这种现像叫“儿化”。
轻声:一个词或一句话里有的音节失去原有的声调,变得又短又弱的声调,这种语音现象就是轻声。
调值:声调的实际读法,音节高低升降屈指的音高变化调类:一种方言里,调值相同的字归为一类,有多少种基本调值就有多少种调类开口呼:没有韵头且韵腹不是i ǖü的韵母。
普通话共16 个齐齿呼:韵头或韵腹是i的韵母,共10个合口呼:韵头或韵腹是u 的韵母,共9个撮口呼:韵头或韵腹是ü的韵母,共4个句法重音:由句法成分决定的重音句子重音:由说话者强调表意重心的潜在意识决定的重音。
电大英语I(1)必过资料之欧阳术创编
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电大英语I(1)期末复习第一部分交际用语1.-Hello. I'm Xiaoyan. Nice to meet you. - ________C_________. A. I'm nice, tooB. Fine, thank youC. Nice to meet you, too. I'm David Ma nning2.-Hello, Linda, how are you -______B___________. A. Very good. Are you good B. Very well, thank you. And you C. Hello, Rose, how do you d o 3.-What do you do -______A___________. A.I am a police manB.I am washing the dishes nowC.I do my homework4.-_______B_________________ -My father is a manager. My mother is a n urse.A. Where are your parentsB. What do yo ur parents doC. What are your parents doing right now5. -How long does it take from Beijng to Lo ndon by plane -_______B__________. A. It costs 1,200 dollars B. It takes about 7 hours C. It's n ot near enough6.-How long does it take to go there by train-______B___________. A. It is 20 pound s B. It takes 20 hours C. The training is v ery fast7.- What time does the train leave -________C_________. A. On TuesdayB. In the morningC. At half past five8.-The shower isn't working. -______B___________. A.I come to cal l the plumber B. I'll call the plumber C.I like calling the plumber 9.—Would you like to go with us —_______C__________. A. Ok, I'd loveB. I would likeC. I'd love to10.—_____B____________ —An orange juice, please. A. What do yo u like B. What would you like C. Woul d you like an orange juice 11.-__________C_______. -That's a good idea.A. When can you write the invitationsB. What do you think of the invitationsC. Why don't we write the invitations n ow 12.-Could you ring them up please I'm som etimes quite nervous on the phone. -________C____________ A. Are you I am fine.B. Yes, why don't you call themC. Yes, of course. I will phone them for you.13.-How about seeing a film this evening -Yes, ____A_________. A. that's a good idea B. please C. that's right14.-Excuse me, where is the nearest bank, p ease-________C_________. A. It's not sure B . That's all right C. It's next to the newsa gent15.-Excuse me, how do I get to the gym, plea se- _____A____________.A. You take the number 866 bus from the supermarketB. It takes about an hour to get thereC. Id like to see them16.-What does your English teacher look li ke-________B_________. A. She likes si ngingB. She's tall and has long, wavy hairC. She looks sad17.-What does her boyfriend look like - _______C__________. A. He is intelli gent and confidentB. He likes playing footballC. He is qui te tall with fair curly hair 18. -What's the weather like in this area - ______B___________. A. That's all rig ht B. It's rainy C. Yes, it's fine19.-How much is the rent of the flat - ________B_________. A. The hotel ro om is expensive B. It is 450 pounds a m onth C. It is near the center of the city 2 0.- ______A___________ -I've got a bad cough. A. What's the mat ter with you B. What is it like C. How was your day yesterday21.---__________A_________________ ---She is talking to Mary. What is she doing right now What does she do What is sh e talking about 22 ---Can I help you ---- AYes, I'd like some apples, please. It takes about 30 minutes. I will help you with th e work. 23. --- A----Yes, I do. My mother and father live in O xford.Do you have any family Where are your father and mother Have you any family第二部分词汇与结构 1. What's __B____ job A. yours B. our C. you2. Who is that man over there Do you kn ow __C____ name A. he B. he's C. his3. Mary is making __C____ a beautiful dress.A. myselfB. himselfC. herself4. You have more apples than _B____ d o. But _____ are better than yours. A. u s, we B. we, ours C. ours, us5. __A___ people are my friends. _____ people ar e my husband's friends. A. These, ThoseB. This, ThatC. Here, There6. I have two brothers. One is a driver, _ __C___ is a policeman. A. one B. otherC. the other7. London is _B____ capital of Britain, and it is _____ great city, too. A. a, theB. the, aC. a, a8. David is ___C__ only accountant in my son's company. A. a B. an C. the 9. He works in ___A__ Finance Depart ment (财务处) of _____ large company.A. the, aB. a, theC. a, a10. The Business Banking Department i s on ___C__ third floor. A. / B. an C. th e11. — B was the meeting like -It was very exciting. A. How B. What C Which12. -____B__ is the man near the window - Oh, he is Tom. A. What B. Who C. How13. A_____ of these two books do you p eferA. WhichB. WhatC. How14. ___A__ wine do you need for the par tyA. How muchB. How littleC. How man y 15. - Cwill the meal take -It'll take two hours, I think.A. How manyB. How muchC. How lon g 16. Bdoes the flat cost a month A. Ho w many B. How much C. How about 17. Which is __B__, the Yangtze River or th e Yellow RiverA. a bit longB. longerC. more long 18.I'm bad at spelling, but Jane is __B____ than me. A. bad B. worse C. less 19. R ose is __C___ than Frank. A. very easy-going B. much easy-going C. much more easy-going20. This watch is __A____ that one. A. as expensive as B. very expensive than C. more expensive to 21. I don't like Lo ndon. It is __A___ Beijing.A. different fromB. different asC. as di fferent as22. I don't want __A___ milk in my cof fee.A. anyB. someC. many23. Pandas and monkeys are not ___C_ _ dangerous animals. A. some B. any C. /24. I usually go to the office ___B____ train.A. aboutB. byC. on25. He goes to work ___B___ foot but c omes back home ______taxi. A. by, by B. on, by C. by, on26. I usually have breakfast __A___ 8 o' lock in the morning. A. at B. in C. on 27. I sometimes go to the pub __B___ Fr iday. A. in B. on C. at28. The area is convenient Ctransport. A at B. on C. for29. I'm a deputy manager. I work __A__ _ an IT company. A. for B. about C. with30. I'm interested __A___ cooking. A. inB. toC. at31. Mark is responsible ___B__ the inter national market. A. in B. for C. of32. This is his book. Could you give it __ _A__ him A. to B. with C. for 33. I'll giv e __A____.A. the man the bookB. the book the manC. the book for the man 34. Does David _A_____A. like flyingB. likes flyingC. likes to f y 35. My aunt ____A_ for her friends at home.A. enjoys cookingB. enjoys to cookC. enjoy cooking36. Carlos __B___ serve the drinks and take the orders.A. hasB. has toC. have to 37. What __ _C__ "nr" meanA. isB. doC. does38. He Bin New York City. His parents i n Dallas.A. live, livesB. lives, liveC. live, live 39. He is a good student. HeB early. A. c ome always B. always comes C. always come40. Jack _B____ late because he is a go od student.A. never comeB. never comesC. come s never41. The shopB at six every day. A. is cl osing B. closes C. closed 42. It often _ B____ in winter in the north of China.A. snowB. snowsC. is snowing43. Mr Manning __B___ in Paris today and tomorrow.A. workB. is workingC. worked 44. It i eight o' clock. The boy Chis homework.A. doB. doesC. is doing45. Sally's parents _C_____ come and st y with her soon.A. are goingB. is going toC. are going t o 46. ___B__ Chris worried about the pr esentation last week A. Is B. Was C. We e47. - I have got a pain in my chest. -You __A___ see the doctor. A. should B need C. have48. - Should I take some medicine -No, you don't __C___ to take any medic ine.A. shouldB. mustC. need 49. I __C___ buy any wine.A. need notB. don't needC. don't need t o 50. __B___ a coffee machine in the roo m A. Are there B. Is there C. Have there 51. There _B____ three plants in the office. A. is B. are C. be52. I think there will _A_____ 50 people at tomorrow's party. A. be B. being C. are53. - I like documentaries on TV. -_B____.A. So am IB. So do IC. So have I54. - I prefer watching TV. - So CI.A. haveB. amC. do55. - I don't get up late on Sundays. -___A__ do I.A. NeitherB. EitherC. So 56. -I haven't got a car. -Neither AI. A. have B. do C. am 57. I'd like to ____B___ you to a party t his Saturday.A. sendB. inviteC. leave58. He can ____A___ good English. A. speak B. talk C. say59. How do I _____A__ the gym A. ge t to B. arrive C. go60. I'm sorry she's not in. Would you lik e toC a message A. keep B. rest C. leave61. Lily and Lucy are ___C____ a pictur e-book in their room. A. looking B. watchi ng C. reading 62. I'm ___B______ a list of things to buy.A. doingB. makingC. having63.The house is very close to the railway station, so it's very ____C______ for tran sport.A. expensiveB. noisyC. convenient 64. You can paint the walls and A_____ post ers. You can do what you want. A. put u p B. put down C. put on65. How many ____A___ can you see on the tableA. cups of milkB. cup of milkC. a cup of milk66.He ___B_____ at a school. A. work B . works C. working67.I usually get up ___A_______ 7 o'clock in the morning. A. at B. in C. on 68. The Business Banking Department i s on ____C___ floor.A. secondB. the twoC. the second 69. Mr. Green is now ____C_____ a holida y.A. inB. withC. on70.____B_______you got any familyA. DoB. HaveC. Has 71._____C_____ name is Clair. A. She B. She' s C. Her72. I am ____C______ a new marketing campaign at the moment. A. plan B. p laning C. planning73.Polly enjoys ____C______ the guita r in a band in her free time. A. play B. t o play C. playing74. My husband doesn't ____A_______ , but I like it very much.A. like shoppingB. likes shoppingC. li kes to shop75. Where ____B______ your parents li ve A. are B. do C. does76. I'm ______A______ university stude nt. A. a B. an C. the77.---_____B________ Singapore like --It's small and well-organized. A. What does B. What is C. H ow is 78. How many ___C________ wo uld you like to buyA. coffeeB. oilC. oranges79.I don't need _____B_____ coffee, han ks.A. someB. anyC. no80____A_______ rice do you want to bu yA. How muchB. How manyC. How 81. It ______C______-heavily here at this moment.A. rainB. rainsC. is raining82. ----What about Wednesday evening ----Sorry, ______A______ then. A. I'm too busy B. I'm free C. I'm fine 83. _____A_______ come to dinner tonightA. Would you like toB. How aboutC. What about84. I don't need ____B______ mineral water, but I'd like _________ tea, thank s. A. any , any B. any, some C. some, so me 85. I am not keen ____A______ spo rts. A. on B. with C. in86. How much does it cost ____C_____ _ busA. atB. onC. by87.---- The area is too dirty.-----Yes, I agree. It's ____A_________. A. not clean enough B. not enough clean C . clean not enough88.How about ______C_____ a taxi A. take B. to take C. taking89._____B_______ any yoga classes in the eveningA. Is thereB. Are thereC. Have90. Rose is experienced ____A______ t raining. A. at B. of C. in91. She is making _____A_______ a cup of coffee.A. herselfB. himselfC. myself92. When are you ____B_________ Lon don ___________ParisA. leave , go toB. leaving, forC. leaving from ,to93. I think there will ____A_______ 50 people at tomorrow's party. A. be B. bein g C. are 94Hurryup.Wedon'thave____B______ time.A. manyB. enoughC. too many95. I am not feeling very well. I __A___ _ to see the doctor. A. need B. should C. would96. -----_____C______ are you feeling ------ I am feeling really ill. A. Which B. Wh at C. How97._____ B______ prepare everything t odayA. How aboutB. Why don't weC. Wha t about98. I have an English class ___C______ _ a week.A. threeB. three timeC. three times 99. Chris usually go to the gym ______C_ ____ the weekend. A. from B. in C. at 100. You _____B_______-go to bed and sleep.A. needB. shouldC. would101.----______B_____ you like a drink Wine Beer -----A beer, please. A. Could B. Would C. S hould102. ----____A_______ wrong with your book ----- It's broken.A. What'sB. How'sC. Where's103. Is your father ____C___ a book or _ __________ TVA. read, watchB. reads, watchesC. read ng, watching104.We often have ____B______ supper at home.A. usB. ourC. ours105. There _____B_______ four childre n in the picture. A. is B. are C. have 106 ----- What is your job -----I'm ____B_____ accountant. A. A B. an C. /107. The coat is ____A______________ than that one.A. much more expensiveB. very expens veC. much expensive108. Jack _____B_________ late becaus e he is a good student.A. never comeB. never comesC. comes never109. A name is Jane. __________ is fro m the USA.A. Her, She B She's, she C. Her, Her 110.Have you got ____B_______ lycheesA. someB. anyC. /111. ---_____B_____ time do you have lunch ---I usually have lunch at 12. A. Where B. What C. When112. This radio is _____A_______ than that one.A. more expensiveB. very expensive C . as expensive113.----The chair is not comfortable enough. ----Yes, I agree. It is ____B________. A. c omfortable B. too uncomfortable C. eno ugh comfortable114.----How often _________C_______ take t he medicine----You should take it three times a day. A. I should B. I should to C. should I 115.-- I am from England. ---_________A______________. A. So a m I B. So do I C. Neither am I. 116. --- The classroom is not big enough for 50 tudents. --- Yes, I agree. It's A .A. too smallB. no bigC. not small enou gh. 117.Hello, A Franco Rossi speaking. Can I speak to Polly Williams A. this is B. he is C. I am118. She has a problem ____A______ th e flat advertisement. A. with B. for C. of第三部分阅读理解短文1My name is Helena. I am from Greece an d I am an English student in London. Fou r other students are in my class. They are all European (欧洲人).Carla is Italian. She is very beautiful. InRome she lives alone,but in London she lives with me. She works for the gover nment.Yuri is from Russia. He likes studying E nglish and playing football in his spare t ime. In Russia he is a bank manager an d he lives with his wife. In London he li ves alone.Eric and Barbara are husband and wife. He is from Germany and she is from Fr ance. They are both doctors, but they lik e playing music in their spare time. The y have got a flat in Frankfurt(法兰克福). He is 65 years old, but she is 42. T hey have got two children.1. There are (B )students in Helena's cla ss. A. 4 B. 5 C. 62. Carla lives( C )in London.A. aloneB. with her parentsC. with He lena3. Yuri likes( A)in his free time. A. play ing football B. playing music C. playing with the children 短文2 InBritaintheweather isverychangeable(多变的). It often rains, but the sun sometimes shines too. The winters are quite cold, w th an average(平均的) temperature of 5 degrees. It is colder 更冷) in the north of England and it often nows there, but in London it doesn't ofte n snow. The summers are sometimes coo l and sometimes warm, but the temperatu re doesn't usually go above 30 degrees. I is often cloudy and there are sometimes grey(灰色的) skies for days or weeks. Foreigners hink it is always foggy in England, but in fact(事实上) it is not often foggy now.1. It (B) rains in Britain. A. never B. often C. always2.The average temperature of Britain is 5 degrees in ____A_____. A. winter B. autumn C. summer3. It is (C)in summ er in England. A. never cool B. often co ld C. sometimes warm4. It is often (A)in England. A. cloudyB. sunnyC. windy5.Foreingers think it is always foggy in _____C______.A. the north of EnglandB. LondonC. E ngland 短文3Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing in response to the advertise ment in the Guardian newspaper on the 1st July. I would like to apply for the postofTechnologySalesRepresentative in your company.I am 28 years old and I am a graduate fr om Dangston University. I have a degree in Business Technology. I am working cu rrently as a secretary in Polymer Ltd. In my current job I am responsible for arran gingthepresentationsoftheTechnology Sales Representatives to fore ign clients. I enjoy working in Business T echnology, but I am now looking for the opportunity to develop my own skills and to be a Technology Sales Representative myself. I am interested intravelling and I am keen to use my language skills in y our foreign companies. I speak French an d German fluently. I am happy to live ab oad for my work. I am available for inter view at any time in the next two weeks b ecause I am on holiday. I am sending my CV with this letter. I look forward to heaing from you. Yours faithfully, Jane Sim son(A)1. What would Jane like to apply for A. The post of Technology Sales Repr esentative.B. The manager of Technology Sales R epresentative.C. The worker of Technology Sales Rep resentative.(C)2. What does Jane like very much A . She enjoys working in Medicine Tech nology.B. She enjoys working in Computer Tec hnology.C. She enjoys working in Business Tech nology.(C)3. Why is Jane available for intervie w at any time in the next two weeks A. Because she wants to get the job. B. Because she wants to be a representativ e in that company. C. Because she is on holiday. 短文4 The permanent employees get a salary ev ery month, but because I am temporary I get my wages in cash every week. I don' get a lot of money, because I am a waite —but the customers often give me tips. I a m friendly to my customers because I ho pe they will be generous. Because I am t mporary, I only get 6 an hour, and I don't get money when I don't work. I want to g o to Italy to see my parents. But I haven' got enough money and I don't get holida y pay. It's a pity. Also, I don't get sick pa when I am ill. But I can work extra hour s. I often do overtime at the weekend if t he restaurant is busy. At Christmas the bo ss gives us extra money-a bonus. (B)1. Howoftendotemporaryemployees get their pay A. Every monthB. Every week.C. Every day.(C)2. "Tip" is closest in meaning (意义) to _________. A. bonus for extra w orkB. gift money for friend's childrenC. m oney for good service (A) 3. What does the writer do A. He serves customers in a restaurant. B. He manages a small res taurant. C. He trains restaurant staff. (B) 4 The writer ____________. A. never w orks on Saturdays and Sundays B. often works on Saturdays and Sundays C. w orks every weekend(A)5 The writer doesn't have enough m oney to ____________. A. see his paren ts in Italy B. see a doctor when he's ill C. visit his friends during holidays 短文5Helen's husband is Mark. Mark and Hel en have got two children: a son and a da ughter. The son's name is Andrew and t he daughter's name is Joyce. Joyce has got two children, a son and a daughter. S o HelenandMarkhavegottwograndchildren. Helen's granddaughter's n ame is Pam and her grandson's name is D an. Andrew isn't married and he hasn't go t any children. Pam and Dan like playing on the computer with their uncle. Andre w also likes playing football with his bro her-in-law, Tom. (B) 1.Who is Andrew A. Andr ew is Dan's father. B. Andrew is Dan's un cle. C. Andrew is Dan's grandfather. (C )2. Who is Mark A. Mark is Dan's father.B. Mark is Dan's uncle.C. Mark is Dan's grandfather.(A) 3. Who is Tom A. Tom is Dan's fath er. B. Tom is Dan's uncle. C. Tom is Dans grandfather. (A) 4. Who is Joyce A. J oyce is Tom's wife. B. Joyce is Helen's son.C. Joyce is Andrew's sister-in-law. (A) 5.Who is Pam A. Pam is Andr ew's niece. B. Pam is Joyce's sister. C. P am is Helen's grandson, 短文6 Hi Xiaoyan,You want to know about my gym. The g ym is "New You".The phone number is 020 791 1340. It's near Oxford Circus. There's a swimming pool and there are a lot of classes. There is also a yoga cla ss on Tuesday morning.(I go to it) and t here are aerobics classes every evening. There is also a Tai Chi class. I don't kn ow when. There are lots of running mac hines and weights machines, but there a ren't any bicycles. There is a sauna, but there isn't a steam room and there are ve ry nice showers and free cosmetics! See you there Jan ( C) 1. Jan goes to __________________ . A. aerobics classes every day B. Tai Ch class every evening C. yoga class on Tu sday morning ( B) 2. There are a lot of _ __________ in the gym.A. swimming poolsB. classesC. trainers ( B) 3. There is the aerobics class in the gym ______________.A. On Monday morningB. in the evenin gC. every day in the daytime(A) 4. There is a _________ in the gym.A. saunaB. steam roomC. bicycle (B) 5 The ____________ is free in the gym.A. steam roomB. cosmeticsC. sauna短文7 Hi Joe,How are you I'm sitting on the balcony o f my hotel. I am looking at Hyde Park in London and I am thinking about my life here. I am having a wonderful time. I lik e my job –it is very interesting, and my colleagues are great. I love London –it's busy, noisy, crowded and exciting. T he cinemas, theatres, pubs and restauran ts are really nice, -but they're too expensive! I think the pe ople in London are very friendly (surpri se!) and I've got some new friends. What the weather like in Shanghai Is it raining Here it's lovely! It isn't foggy! T he sun is shining and the birds are singi ng. It's very warm. (Surprise, surprise!) And it is my birthday today.But I am missing you all in Shanghai. C OME AND VISIT! Love, Xiaoyan (B )1. What does Xiaoyan stay in Lond on forA. She is having a holiday.B. She is wo rking.C. She is visiting some of her colleague s. (C)2. What are Xiaoyan's London col leagues likeA. They are very important.B. They ar e very serious.C. They are very nice. ( C)3. What does Xiaoyan think of Lond onA. She thinks it is relaxed.B. She thinks it is cheap.C. She thinks it is exciting. ( B)4. What does Xiaoyan think of peopl e in LondonA. She thinks they are interesting.B. Sh e thinks they are friendly.C. She thinks t hey are surprising. ( A)5. What's the wea ther like in London when Xiaoyan is wri ing this letter A. It is warm. B. It is fogg y. C. It is cloudy. 短文8 Hi Xiaoyan, You want to know about my gym. The gy m is "New You".The phone number is 02 0 791 1340. It's near Oxford Circus. The e's a swimming pool and there are a lot o f classes. There is a yoga class on Tuesda y morning.(I go to it) and there are aerob cs classes every evening. There is also a Tai Chi class,on Wednesday and Saturda y afternoon between 2.00 and 3.00. Ther e are lots of running machines and weights machines, but there aren't any bicycle s. There is a sauna, but there isn't a stea m room and there are very nice showers and free cosmetics! The best time to co me is in the evenings because there are a lot of trainers to help you. There are d ifferent ways to pay for the classes. You can pay by cash, credit or cheque. See you there Jan( B ) 1. When can you go to aerobics cla ss in "New You" A. On Monday morni ng B. On Saturday evening C. Everyday in the daytime.( C ) 2.When does the Tai Chi class start A. On Wednesday. B. On Saturday afte rnoon.C. At 2.00 pm on Wednesday and Satur day. ( B ) 3. What is free in the gym A. Steam room. B. Cosmetics C. Sauna ( A ) 4. Why is it best to come in the eveni ngsA. Because there are a lot of trainers to help you.B. Because there are less people.C. Beca use there are more classes. ( C ) 5. How an you pay for the classes A. By credit c ard. B. By cash. C. Both A and B. 短文9Let me tell you about my new job. It's great. I work for Centre Company. They have an office in London. I am the Depu y Marketing Manager I am in charge of n ewspaper advertisements. Currently I am writing advertisements for the local new spapers, and I am visiting our customers to introduce myself.I like working here, but I don't like trave ing by tube. It's too busy! We start work at nine o' clock. There are some very nic colleagues, and I often eat lunch with th em in the canteen. Lunch is from one o' c lock to two o' clock. Then I finish work a t 6 o' clock. My brother works near my o ffice. He is in insurance, and sometimeswe have a drink in the pub in the evenin g-but at the moment he is having a holida y in Scotland.( B ) 1. The writer works in _________ ______.A. insuranceB. marketingC. computers ( B ) 2. The writer _______________ n ew job.A. doesn't like hisB. likes hisC. is look ing for a( C ) 3. The writer thinks the tube is too _____________. A. noisy B. slow C. bu sy(A ) 4. The writer works for about ____ ___________ on weekdays. A. 8 hours B. 9 hours C. 10 hours ( A ) 5. The writ er and his brother________________.A. sometimes see each otherB. never se e each otherC. see each other every da y二,阅读下列短文,根据短文内容判断其后的句子是正确(Right),错误(Wrong 还是文字中没有涉及相关信息(Doesn't say). 短文1Betty is from Italy. Now she lives in Edin burgh (爱丁堡) . But her parents still live in Italy. S e is 25 years old. She is a teacher. She w orks in a high school in Edinburgh. She t eaches science (科学) and she likes her work. Most of her tudents are 15 or 16 years old. They all l ke her. They think she is a great teacher a nd a beautiful girl with long golden hair. Betty has a boyfriend. His name is Ray. He is British. He is 30 years old. He like books and music. He can play the piano very well. He is in IT. He works very har d. But he does not like his job.(B) 1.Betty's parents live in Roma. A. Ri ght. B. Wrong. C. Doesn't say (B)2.Betty has long beautiful hair. A. Right. B. Wr ong. C. Doesn't say. (B)3. Ray likes his job.A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn't say. (A)4. Both Betty and Ray like traveling. A . Right. B. Wrong. C. Doesn't say. (C) 5 . Ray likes staying at home. A. Right. B . Wrong. C. Doesn't say. 短文2Alice is my sister. We live in different ci ties in the United States. We don't see e ach other very often, but we're in touch(保持联系)all the time. I often write to Alice an d tell her about things that are happenin g at the company. I'm the office manage r. And Alice often writes to me about he r work at the hospital. She is a nurse the re.We talk on the telephone once a week, e ither on Saturday or Sunday morning. T herearealsoother wayswecommunicate(联系) with each other. Sometimes I call he on her car phone (汽车电话), or she faxes me on my fax machine . We also send emails to each other.We're really lucky. In this new age of co mmunication, there are so many ways we can keep in touch with each other. We fe el closer to each other.(B)1. Alice and I don't contact each other very often.A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn't say (A)2. work as the office manager at the compa ny.A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn't say (B)3. We always make phone calls on Saturday morning.A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn't say (C)4. We will live closer to each other in the fu tre.。
2021年中央广播电视大学开放本科汉语言文学专业期末考试新版
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中央广播电视大学开放本科汉语言文学专业期末考试《汉语专项》(1)试题9月一、名词解释(每词2分,共10分)1.舌尖韵母2.言语义3.双宾动词4.虚词5.社会方言名词解释原则答案(每词2分,共10分)1.舌尖韵母就是由舌尖元音构成韵母,普通话语音系统中有两个舌尖元音韵母,一种是舌尖前、高、不圆唇元音[],一种是舌尖后、高、不圆唇元音[]。
2.言语义就是词在运用中获得不固定、暂时具备意义。
例如“咱们去喝二两”,其中“二两”代指酒,属于借代用法,就是言语义。
3.双宾动词就是可以同步带上两个宾语动词,例如“给”可以构成“给你一本书”,其中“你”、“一本书”都是宾语,“给”就是双宾动词。
4.虚词是没有实在乎义、只表达抽象语法意义,不能充任核心句法成分词,例如“关于”、“非常”、“和”都是虚词,它们没有实在词汇意义,只表达语法意义。
5.社会方言是语言社会变体,它是同一地区社会成员因职业、阶层、年龄、性别、文化教养等方面社会差别而形成语言变体,其特点重要体当前口音、措词、谈吐风格方面。
例如北京女中学生“女国音”就属于社会方言词。
二、填空题(每空1分,共10分)1.中华人民共和国第一套由政府发布音素制拉丁化拼音方案是。
2.汉语拼音方案中表达辅音四个双字母是。
3.固定语可以分为两类,“掩耳盗铃”、“穿小鞋”、“瑞雪兆丰年”都是______。
4. 层次关系词群可以分四类,例如“班长”和“排长”属于______。
5.有词综合了几种造词方式,“刀山”是句法学造词和造词方式综合。
6.副词是只能充当词。
7.虚词“或者”和“还是”都表达选取,区别在于“或者”不能用于句。
8.“可爱、大型、崭新、洁白、洁白”等词中,是区别词。
9.当代汉语七大方言中,通行地区最广、使用人口最多方言是______。
10.赣方言区西接湘方言,南接方言。
填空题原则答案(每空1分,共10分)1.国语罗马字2.zh、ch、sh、ng(此题回答不完整不给分)3.熟语4.级别关系词群5.修辞学6.状语7.疑问句8.大型9.官话方言(北方话)10.客家方言三、判断正误(每小题2分,共10分)阐明:对的在括号内打钩,错误在括号内打叉。
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电大《言语交际》期末复习重点(精心收集)
一、填空题:
1、言语交际基本功能:传递信息
2、角色冲突重要体现:交际角色与潜隐性社会角色之间冲突,是一种角色间冲突
3、话语衔接重要办法:语法衔接、词汇衔接
4、社会功能角度对语言定义:是人类最重要思维工具、交际工具和文化载体
5、交际主体角色分类:先赋性角色与获得性角色、活跃性角色与潜隐性角色、经常性角色与依赖性角色
6、幽默作用:增添情趣、化解矛盾
7、幽默三种体现形式:超常类比、出人意料、违背逻辑
8、言语交际中安全原则重要体现:话题安全准则、对象安全准则、地点安全准则、方式安全准则
9、言语行为理论:英国哲学家奥斯汀《如何用语词做事》刊登,奠定了言语行为理论基本。
人们每说一句话,同步在施行三种行为:言内行为(交际主体说话或写字行为,它传达话语语言意义)、言外行为(主体通过说话或写字来显示自己交际意图行为,它传达话语语用意义)、言后行为(主体通过显示自己交际意图促使交际对象实行相应行为,它体现了言语交际效果)。
言外行为分为阐述类、指令类、承诺类、表达类、宣布类。
10、合伙原则提出者:美国语言哲学家格赖斯
11、言语交际过程中三要素:交际主体、语境、话语
12、索绪尔语言理论:语言从本质上说是一种“符号”,概念和音响就是符号“所指”和“所能”,因而一种语言也就是一种符号系统,语言学归属于符号学。
语言就是语言活动减去言语。
言语涉及话语和言语行为。
13、普通话定义:即汉民族共同语,即以北京语音为原则音,以北方话为基本方言,以典范当代白话文著作为语法规范普通话。
14、社会文化语境内涵与分类:是与言语交际有关社会文化背景。
分为文化习俗和社会规范。
15、话语连贯重要体现:话题集中和语义贯通
16、话语语言意义特性:概括性和模糊性
17、利奇“礼貌原则”包括六项准则:方略准则、宽宏准则、赞扬准则、谦虚准则、赞同准则、同情准则
18、“含蓄”两种体现形式:“言有尽而意无穷”、“言未尽意亦未尽”
19、话语意义:语言意义、语境意义、语用意义
20、主体规则包括四种原则:诚信原则、角色原则、合伙原则、礼貌原则
21、话语规范准则详细体现:连贯、简要
22、话语中文字特有体现手段:排列、变形
23、话语中句子与句子之间形成均衡关系重要呈现形式:比例均衡、构造均衡。
二、辨析题:
1.当面对自己子女时,“爸爸”是先赋性角色、活跃性角色、依赖性角色。
(√)
2.两个人之间说话行为,可以称作“个人言语行为”。
(×,两个人之间说话行为改为纯属个人言语行为)
3.排球比赛中,裁判员想要暂停比赛,会用两手做一种T形手势,这是一种编码过程。
(√)
4.一种话题能不能谈论,完全是由文化习俗决定,例如年龄、收入,在西方文化中是非自由话题,但在东方文化中就是自由话题。
(×,一种话题能不能谈论,不只受制于文化习俗,也受制于情景语境。
)5.语境意义是依附于语境而产生,语用意义则是依附于交际主体而产生。
(√)
6.个体扮演角色过多,无法满足相应角色盼望,从而导致角色冲突叫“角色间冲突”。
(√)
7.制约言语交际社会规范,既有政府明文规定,也有不是明文规定。
(√)
8.老式家庭伦理观念所谓“疏不间亲”,是指不可以谈论对方家庭不光彩事情。
(×,疏不间亲改为家丑不可外扬)
9.所谓“言外行为”,即交际主体说话或写字行为,它传送话语语言意义。
(×,言外行为改为言内行为)
10.依照质量准则,规定说话人不故意撒谎或信口开河,并不强求她所说一定是真理。
(√)
11.当交际双方存在客观尊卑关系时,普通位卑者更少受到这种(尊卑)关系影响,说话比较自由。
(×,位卑者改为位尊者)
12.所有话语都需要依赖语境才可以获得明确而详细意义。
(×,并不是所有话语都需要依赖语境才可以获得明确而详细解释,有些话语在任何语境中其意义都是明确而详细。
)
13.话语歧义和苟简,都也许导致同一话语存在着两种甚至两种以上解释。
(√)
14.言语交际中“安全原则”核心在于“少说话,少惹祸”。
(×,言语交际安全原则”,核心还不在于少说话,更应当考虑是“说什么?”“跟谁说?”“在什么地方说?”“用什么方式说?”)
15.寻常生活中言语交际,最有也许影响安全就是不负责任地议论她人是非。
(√)
16.幽默不同于讽刺,但与“滑稽”其实是一回事儿。
(×,幽默不像滑稽那样“低档”,幽默必能令人愉悦)
三、简答题:
1.简述社会角色涵义及其对言语交际影响。
(《言语交际学》P66-68)
2.简述言语交际学研究对象。
(《言语交际学》P32)
3.举例阐明文化习俗对言语交际制约作用。
(《言语交际学》P114-115)
4.简述交际能力重要内容。
(《言语交际学》P53-57)
5.简述“角色丛”概念。
(《言语交际学》P60)
6.简述话语规范准则内容。
(《言语交际学》P234-243)
7.简述话语语意三种层次类型。
(《言语交际学》P130-137)
8.简述话语语用意义特性。
(《言语交际学》P144)
9.简述质量准则与诚实准则区别。
(《言语交际学》P187)
10.简述礼貌原则各项准则。
(《言语交际学》P193)
11.简述语境定义及其构成内容。
(《言语交际学》P84-85)
12.简述言语交际中话语均衡作用。
(《言语交际学》P258)
13.简要阐明遵守方式准则规定。
(《言语交际学》P190-191)
14.简述言语交际中含蓄作用及其合用范畴。
(《言语交际学》P247-248)
15.举例阐明语言歧视及其危害。
(《言语交际学》P202-204)
16.简述幽默三种形式。
(《言语交际学》P251-253)
17.举例阐明话语语法衔接各种办法。
(《言语交际学》P161-168)
四、分析题:请用言语交际有关理论分析下面材料:
1.一种单位里,有位普通职工负责筹办一种会议,有一天她在单位领导桌子上留了张纸条,上写:“请某某来做报告,定在某日上午九时,限你九点此前到场。
”成果受到了批评。
(《言语交际学》P178)2.1980年5月21日,越南外长阮基石访问泰国期间,在曼谷记者招待会上,谈到她与泰国外长西提关系时说:“我和西提外长就好似夫妻普通,虽然咱们有时意见分歧,但作为夫妻,总是要同床睡觉。
”(《言语交际学》P72)
3.1954年国庆前夕,某机关游行筹办组开会,筹办小组里一位女同志宣布:“今年游行,女同志一律不准穿裤子。
”(吕叔湘《歧义类例》)(《言语交际学》P239)
4.她们又故意高声嚷道,“你一定又偷了人家东西了!”孔乙己睁大眼睛说,“你怎么这样凭空污人清白……”“什么清白?我前天亲眼见你偷了何家书,吊著打。
”孔乙己便涨红了脸,额上青筋条条绽出,争辩道,“窃书不能算偷……窃书!……读书人事,能算偷么?”接连便是难懂话,什么“君子固穷”,什么“者乎”之类,引得众人都哄笑起来:店内外布满了快活空气。
(鲁迅《孔乙己》)(《言语交际学》P68)
5.凤姐儿低了半日头,说道:“这个就没办法了。
你也该将一应后事给她料理料理——冲一冲也好。
”尤氏道:“我也暗暗叫人预备了,就是那件东西不得好木头,且得慢慢办着呢。
”(曹雪芹《红楼梦》)(《言语交际学》P115)
6.有一篇新闻报道,说某商场实行承包制、租赁制后来,女营业员服务态度好转,对顾客笑脸相迎,再也不是过去那种“寡妇脸”了。
(《言语交际学》P204)
7.有一对年轻男女,由相识到相恋,关系已基本拟定,年龄也老大不小,该是谈婚论嫁时候了。
然而有一天,女方由于工作上出了纰漏而受到领导批评,合法气不打一处来时候,男方却突然来找女方,会面就说:“咱们结婚吧,我父母都催着咱们快点办呢。
”女方听后,气得扭头就走。
(《言语交际学》P88)8.表(刘表)长子琦(刘琦),亦深器亮(器重诸葛亮)。
表受后妻之言,爱少子琮(刘琮),不悦于琦。
琦每欲与亮谋自安之术,亮辄(总是)拒塞(回绝、搪塞),未与处画(谋划)。
琦乃将亮游观后园,共上高楼,饮宴之间,令人去梯。
因谓亮曰:“今日上不至天,下不至地,言出子口,入于吾耳,可以言未?”(《言语交际学》P222)
刘琦做法符合言语交际语境规则中安全原则中地点安全准则,故意回避潜在听话人。
刘琦为理解除诸葛亮顾虑,对交际地点作了周密安排,选取了“后园”、“高楼”且“去梯”。
这样做,犹如在上不着天、下不着地空中楼阁中自由交谈,除了说话人和听话人外,没有第三者可以懂得双方谈话内容,充分保证了交际安全性。
五、实践题某些:依照规定设计对话,规定:①有切合身份、语境、符合言语交际规则状况简介,②有也许浮现问话和应当回答话。
③字数不少于200字。
④层次清晰,言语得体。