2016考研英语二--阅读理解总结汇编
2016考研英语阅读真题 Text 2(英语二)
2016 Text 2（英语⼆）美国⼀种⻦类濒危Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens — a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands — once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and .But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species' historic range.The crash was a major reason the U. S (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened."The lesser is in a desperate situation," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the "threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.southwestern United States ⽣物学家估计美国中⻄部和⻄南部的⼴袤草原上曾⽣活着多达200万只的⼩草原松鸡，这些红⾊的⼩草原松鸡为灰蒙蒙的草原⻛貌增添了⼏分红艳。
2016年考研英语二真题原文及参考答案
2016考研英语二真题及答案解析Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B],[C]or[D] on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D ( research and development ). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms’investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest –like size, industry, and sales –and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “It surely seemsplausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average,”said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSection II Reading ComprehensionText 1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps, or creat artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transformtheir thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to __________.[A]complete future job training[B]remodel the way of thinking[C]formulate logical hypotheses[D]perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their______.[A]experience[B]academic backgrounds[C]career prospects[D]interest23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will______.[A]help students learn other computer languages[B]have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C]need improving when students look for jobs[D]enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to______.[A]compete with a future any of programmers[B]stay longer in the information technology industry[C]become better prepared for the digitalized world[D]bring forth innovative computer technologies25.The word “coax”(Line. 4, Para. 6)is closest in meaning to______.[A]challenge[B]persuade[C]frighten[D]misguideText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the mid-western and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches.In particular,they called for forging closercollaborations with western stata governments,which are often uneasy with federal action,and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chiekens habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67, 000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.”The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is _[A] the insistence of private landowners[B] the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C] a desperate appeal from some biologists[D] its drastically decreased population27. The “threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it _[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure[B] would involve fewer regulatory powers[C] granted less federal regulatory powers[D] went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will be prosecuted if they _[A] agree to pay a sun for compensation.[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat.[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job.[D] promise to raise funds for USFWS operations.29. According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is[A] the federal government[B] the wildlife agencies[C] the landowners[D] the states30. Jay Lininger would most likely support _[A] the plan under challenge[B] the win-win rhetoric[C] environmental groups[D] industry groupsText 3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complain is made especially moumfully:There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thomier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient.The web’s fullof articles offering tips on making time to read:“Give up TV”or “Carry a book with you at all times.”But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact “becoming more efficient”is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you approach it instrumentally. judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast depandson being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it in as to-do list item. and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt, ”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.”No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us “step outside time’s flow”into “soul time.”You could limit distractions by reading only physical books ,or on single-purpose e-readers,”carry a book with you at all time “can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read ”, but just reading, and making time for everything else.31.The usual time management techniques don’t work because[A]what they can offer does not case the modern mind[B]what people often forget is carrying a book with them[C]what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The “empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to[A]update their to-do lists[B]make passing time fulfilling[C]carry their plans through[D]pursue carefree reading33.Fberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps[A]promote ritualistic reading[B]encourage the efficiency mind-set[C]develop online reading habits[D]achieve immersive reading34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work if[A]reading becomes your primary business of the day[B]all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C]you are able to drop back to business after reading[D]time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be[A]How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B]How to Set Reading Goals[C]How to Find Time to Read[D]How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession.those just starting out in life are defining pro and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to polities.Young and old converge on one key point：Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life”face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job：starting a family.managing debt，and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college Even now that he is working steadily, he said, ”I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments onmy own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.“Looking back he is stuck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.”I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees，“Schneider said.”I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is[A]having a family with children[B]trying out different lifestyles[C]working beyond retirement age[D]setting up a profitable business37 It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to[A] favor a slower life pace.[B] hold an occupation longer.[C]attach importance to pre-marital finance.[D] give priority to children outside the home.38 The priorities and expectations defined by the young will[A] depend largely on political preferences[B] reach almost all aspects of American life[C] focus on materialistic issues[D] become increasingly clear39 both young and old agree that[A]good paying jobs are less available[B]the old made more life achievements[C]housing loans today are easy to obtain[D]getting established is harder for the young40 Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A]He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.[B]His parents’good life has little to do with a college degree.[C]His parents’believe working steadily is a must for success.[D] He found a dream job after graduating from college.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don’t overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for helpAs adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don’t need self-help books or therapy. Instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.41._______C_______What does a child do when he’s sad?He cries.When he’s angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then-again.like children-move.42.______E_______A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at thetime ,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn’t stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43._________A_____________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection. All of which,of course,have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.________B___________The problem with being a grown up is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing around the living room,anyone?)—it doesn’t matter,so long as they’re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget.45.________D___________Having said all of the above,it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:“Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.”And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.Section ШTranslation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. Afterabout 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally –which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend,Jack,wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation.Write him a reply to1)think him,and2)give your advice.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own e “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)【解析】2016考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of English1. how2. In particular3. necessary4. optimism5. change6. measured7. sure8. headquartered9. explain10. factors11. desirable12. emerged13. Attribute14.experienced15. thus16. Equally17. while18. hints19. Shape20. lean towardsII Reading comprehensionText 121. B Remodel the way of thinking22. D Interest23. A Help students learn other computer languages24. C Become better prepared for the digitalized world25. B PersuadeText 226. Its dramatically decreased population27. Granted less federal regulatory powder28. Agree to pay sum for compensation29. The states30. Industry groupText 331. what deep reading required cannot be guaranteed32. Make passing time fulfilling33. Achieve immersive reading34. Reading become your primary business of the day35. Find time to readText 436. Having a family with a child37. Attach importance to pre-marital finance38. Reach almost all aspects of American life39. Getting established is harder for the young40. His parents’good life has little to do with a college degreePart B41. Express your emotions42. Be easily pleased43. Be silly44. Have fun45. Don’t over think itPart C【原文】The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppersinto a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally –which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.【参考译文】超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间。
2016年考研《英语二》阅读理解答案（文都版）
Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. [A]Be silly [B]Have fun [C]Express your emotions [D]Don't overthink it [E]Be easily pleased [F]Notice things [G]Ask for help As adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them. 41._______C_______ What does a child do when he's sad?He cries.When he's angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then-again.like children-move. 42.______E_______ A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at the time ,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn't stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing. 43._________A_____________ Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies increase good hormones like endorphins,improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection.All of which,of course,have a positive effect on happiness levels. 44.________B___________ The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing aroud the living room,anyone?)--it doesn't matter,so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget. 45.________D___________ Having said all of the above,it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.考后关注：。
2016考研英语二真题和答案解析[word打印版]
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2015年硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at — a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality — our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings — because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,” We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the Band-Aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, ”writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for bo th those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what t hey’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-yourfamily-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_____[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement[C] generated more stress than the workplace[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Childless wives [B] Working mothers[C] Childless husbands [D] Working fathers23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] they are both bread winners and housewives24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____[A] skills [B] energy [C] earnings [D] nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher e ducation, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates [B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose [D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable [B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased [D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities [B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support [D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence.“Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase alle giance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, wh ose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____[A] more emotional [B] more objective [C] less energetic [D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents [B] gender difference [C] sports culture [D] athletic executives33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms [B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation [D] strengthen employee loyalty34. It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women [B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies [D] praises motivated employees35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it [B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense [C] Companies find it to be fundamental [D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time workis evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is“yes”,they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people ,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses_______.[A] employment in the US [B] part-timer classification[C] insurance though Medicaid [D] Obamacare’s troublePart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choosethe most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] You are not alone[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F] Experience helps you grow[G] There are many things to be grateful forUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way.41._____________________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42_____________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43______________________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44________________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45________________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, whe n we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.想想在一条你非常熟悉的路线上开车是什么感觉。
2016年考研英语二真题答案及解析
一、文章总体分析及结构
Section I Use of English
这是一篇议论文，选自 2016 年《哈佛商业评论》，全文共 358 词。文章围绕快乐与公司投资之间的关系展开。
首先提出研究表明快乐不仅影响人们的行为方式，也有可能会影响公司的运营方式；接着介绍了研究者们是如何证
本句的主干是 That’s because...，because 后引导表语从句，其中 necessary for...是后置定语，修饰 the kind of
longer-term thinking。
The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with
研究者们想知道伴随着快乐出现的（4）乐观精神和冒 险倾向是否会（5）改变公司投资的方式。因此，他们把 由盖洛普民意调查（6）测出的美国城市平均幸福指数与 那些地区上市公司的投资活跃度进行了对比。
the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those
冒···风险；承担风险 表明；暗示 影响
长难句分析：
And new research suggests that happiness might influence how firm’s work, too.
2016考研阅读英语二text3
题目：2016考研阅读英语二text31. 文章概述2016年考研英语二阅读理解部分的text3是一篇关于美国人口普查的文章。
文章主要讨论了美国人口普查的历史、目的以及对社会的影响。
通过对这篇文章的阅读，能够了解美国人口普查的重要性和其对社会的作用。
2. 文章结构本文分为以下几个部分进行分析：- 美国人口普查的历史- 美国人口普查的目的- 美国人口普查对社会的影响- 美国人口普查的未来发展3. 美国人口普查的历史美国人口普查的历史可以追溯到19世纪初。
在文章中，作者详细分析了美国人口普查从最初的目的到如今的发展变化，以及各个时期的调查重点和方法。
通过深入了解美国人口普查的历史，可以更好地理解其在当今社会中的作用和意义。
4. 美国人口普查的目的美国人口普查不仅仅是对人口数量的统计，更重要的是为政府提供有效的政策制定和资源分配依据。
在文章中，作者分析了美国人口普查对政府决策的重要性，以及如何通过人口普查数据来合理规划社会资源和服务。
5. 美国人口普查对社会的影响美国人口普查的数据不仅对政府决策有着重要影响，同时也能够反映社会的变化和趋势。
文章中探讨了人口普查数据对社会发展和经济状况的影响，以及如何通过数据分析来解决社会问题和改善公共服务。
6. 美国人口普查的未来发展随着科技的进步和社会的发展，美国人口普查也在不断更新和发展。
文章中提到了未来人口普查可能面临的挑战和发展方向，以及如何更好地利用新技术和方法来进行人口普查，使其更加准确和全面。
7. 总结通过对这篇文章的阅读，我们深入了解了美国人口普查的历史、目的、对社会的影响以及未来发展方向。
人口普查作为一项重要的社会调查工作，对政府决策和社会发展都有着重要的意义。
希望通过这篇文章的阅读，能够对考研英语阅读理解部分的复习有所帮助。
8. 现代科技对人口普查的影响随着现代科技的不断进步，人口普查所采用的调查方法也在不断更新和改进。
现代科技如大数据、人工智能、地理信息系统等技术的应用，为人口普查提供了更为便捷和高效的手段。
2016考研英语二真题及答案解析
2016考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。
（10 points）Happy people work differently。
They’re more productive，more creative，and willing to take greater risks。
And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work，too。
Companies located in place with happier people invest more，according to a recent research paper。
2 ，firms in happy places spend more on R&D（research and development）。
That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future。
The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested。
So they compared U.S。
cities’average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas。
2016考研英语二阅读理解解题
阅读理解解题流程Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert‘s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‘s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America‘s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.21. We learn from Paragraph 1 that Gilbert’s appointment has________.[A]incurred criticism[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is _______.[A]influential[B]modest[C]respectable[D]talented23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers _________.[A]ignore the expenses of live performances[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances[D]overestimate the value of live performances24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings？[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels ______.[A]doubtful[B]enthusiastic[C]confident[D]puzzledText 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and sai d he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn‘t alone. In recent weeks t he No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbule nt business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can‘t think of a single search I’ve done w here a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being ________.[A]arrogant[B]frank[C]self-centered[D]impulsive27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by______.[A]their expectation of better financial status[B]their need to reflect on their private life[C]their strained relations with the boards[D]their pursuit of new career goals28. The word “poached”（Line 3, Paragraph 4）most probably means _______.[A]approved of[B]attended to[C]hunted for[D]guarded against29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _______.[A]top performers used to cling to their posts[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated[C]top performers care more about reputations[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules30. Which of the following is the best title for the text？[A]CEOs: Where to Go[B]CEOs: All the Way Up[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While tradit ional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users‘ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s own ed media become another marketer’s paid media –for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more（and more diverse）communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are_______.[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products32. According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature __________.[A] a safe business environment[B] random competition[C] strong user traffic[D] flexibility in organization33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media _________.[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of __________.[A] responding effectively to hijacked media[B] persuading customers into boycotting products[C] cooperating with supportive consumers[D] taking advantage of hijacked media35. Which of the following is the text mainly about[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It‘s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story. “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing It doesn‘t seem quite fai r, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the childless. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like US Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own”（read: with round-the-clock help）is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring______.[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that ________.[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining[D]having children is highly valued by the public38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks ________.[A]are constantly exposed to criticism[B]are largely ignored by the media[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is______.[A]soothing[B]ambiguous[C]compensatory[D]misleading40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph？[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Text 5Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like Quite a lot, a ccording to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy theirprizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes – both new and old – are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research –as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism – that is the culture of research, after all – but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as ______[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C] an example of bankers’ investments.[D] a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit ________[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves _______[A]controversies over the recipients’ status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35. The author believes that the new awards are ______[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 6“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS)，deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy, stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2? years in the making, “The H eart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive, ”or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report[A] Critical[B] Appreciative.[C] Contemptuous.[D] Tolerant.37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to ______[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education.[B] define the government’s role in education.[C] keep a leading position in liberal education.[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education.38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests _______[A] an exclusive study of American history.[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.[C] the application of emerging technologies.[D] funding for the study of foreign languages.39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are ________[A] supportive of free markets.[B] cautious about intellectual investigation.[C] conservative about public policy.[D] biased against classical liberal ideas.40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education。
2016考研英语(二)真题及参考答案--阅读理解
2016考研英语(二)真题及参考答案--阅读理解Section ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that its not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. Its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before theyget to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in, said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the Ruby on Rails language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn how to think logically through a problem and organize the results apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kidsare going to be surrounded by computers in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that the better.21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.A. complete future job trainingB. remodel the way of thinkingC. formulate logical hypothesesD. perfect artwork production22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.A. experienceB. academic backgroundsC. career prospectsD. interest23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.A. help students learn other computer languagesB. have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC. need improving when students look for jobsD. enable students to make big quick money24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.A. compete with a future army of programmersB. stay longer in the information technology industryC. become better prepared for the digitalized worldD. bring forth innovative computer technologies25. The word coax (Line4, Para.6) is closest in meaning to____.A. challengeB. persuadeC. frightenD. misguideText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslandsonce lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation, said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as endangered, a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that thethreatened tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a rangewide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish andWildlife Agencies (W AFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let states remain in the drivers seat for managing the species，Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesnt go far enough The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____。
2016考研英语二真题及答案解析
2016考研英语二真题及答案解析2016考研英语二真题及答案解析2016年的考研英语二真题一直备受考生关注。
本文将对2016年的考研英语二真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解和应对考试。
第一部分：阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语二的重要部分，也是考生们备考的重点。
2016年的阅读理解题目主要涉及到了环境保护、文化传承和教育等方面的话题。
其中，第一篇文章讲述了澳大利亚原住民的文化传承和环境保护问题，第二篇文章则探讨了教育和职业发展的关系。
对于第一篇文章，考生需要理解并掌握原住民文化与环境保护之间的关系。
文章指出，澳大利亚原住民的文化传承与环境保护是密不可分的，他们通过保护环境来维护自己的文化传统。
考生在阅读文章时，可以注意一些关键词，如“sustainable development”、“cultural heritage”、“traditional knowledge”等，这些词语可以帮助考生更好地理解文章的主旨和论点。
对于第二篇文章，考生需要理解教育对于职业发展的重要性。
文章指出，教育是一个人职业发展的基石，通过教育可以提升个人的能力和素质。
考生在阅读文章时，可以注意一些关键词，如“education”、“career development”、“skills”等，这些词语可以帮助考生更好地理解文章的主旨和论点。
第二部分：完形填空完形填空是考研英语二的另一个重要部分，也是考生们备考的重点。
2016年的完形填空题目主要涉及到了友情、成长和人生意义等方面的话题。
文章通过讲述一个关于两个朋友之间的故事，探讨了友情和成长的重要性。
在这部分的解析中，考生需要理解并掌握文章中的关键词和词组，如“friendship”、“growth”、“meaning of life”等。
通过理解这些关键词和词组，考生可以更好地理解文章的主旨和论点。
第三部分：翻译翻译是考研英语二的最后一部分，也是考生们备考的重点。
2016年的翻译题目主要涉及到了文化差异和社会问题等方面的话题。
2016考研英语二真题及答案解析（文字完整版）【9】
2016考研英语二真题及答案解析（文字完整版）【9】Section IV Writing47、【参考范文】Dear Jack,Your letter of congratulations was received. Thank you for your nice words on my winning the contest. In the letter, you asked me about the skills to do translation, so the following are my advice for you.Firstly, you should analyze the sentence structure, thus catching the meaning of the sentence. Secondly, find the proper words to translate the meaning of the source language into the target language. Thirdly, revise your translation at least three times to check if there are any mistranslations or missed meanings.I hope my advice helpful. Wish to see you soon.Yours sincerely,Li Ming48、【参考范文】Portrayed in the above pie chart is a survey of college students’ purposes of traveling. The number of students who take traveling as a chance to see beautiful scenes accounts for 37%, while students who would like to travel to relieve pressure from study take up 35 %.There are several reasons behind the trend revealed in the above chart. To begin with, as the present society is filled with fierce competition, most college students nowadays are under great pressure to stand out among others or to lunch a decentjob after graduation. Therefore, they tend to choose traveling as an outlet to relieve their stress. Secondly, with the fast advancement of the living standards of Chinese families, traveling is increasingly affordable to most college students. For this reason, students prefer to travel to see different views to enjoy themselves or to make some friends.From my perspective, no matter what reason it is for, traveling is of great benefit for students to acquire a broader perspective of life. If time permits, we college students should go to see the outside world more often.。
2016考研英语二答案详解：阅读理解
2016考研英语二答案详解：阅读理解Text 121 答案B remodel the way of thinking.解析：此题是文中人物观点题。
根据Cortina定位到第二段前三句。
Cortina认为尽早接触计算机科学是有益的。
第三句It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. 译为在转变思维程序方面小孩不像年龄较大的学生一样困难，即B remodel the way of thinking 转变思维方式即为同义替换。
22 答案D interest解析：此题是细节题。
根据关键词Friedman定位到第四段第二句but之后引号里面内容“我们试图让课程符合学生兴趣”，故而D interest为正确答案。
23 答案A help students learn other computer languages解析：文中人物观点题。
题干问的是Deborah Seehorn认为在Flatiron这里所学到的技能将能怎么样，据此定位到第五段But处，和题干基本一致，该句指出“But the skills they learn…appl to any coding language”，意思是他们学到的技能可以应用于任何编码语言。
对比答案选项，A选项的意思是“帮助学生学习其他的计算机语言”属于原文定位处的同义替换。
24 答案C become better prepared for the digitalized world解析：细节题。
题干指出：根据最后一段，Flatiron的学生被期望去干什么。
据此定位到最后一段的These kids are going to be处，是题干的同义复现。
定位句“These kids are…be surrounded by computers for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think…….the better.”，意思是学生们越早学越好。
2016 考研英语阅读真题Text 3(英语二)
2016 Text 3（英语⼆）如何挤出时间阅读That everyone's too busy these days is a cliche.如今⼈⼈都抱怨⾃⼰很忙，这已经是⼈们⼝中的陈词滥调了。
But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There's never any time to read.但有⼀个抱怨听起来尤为让⼈伤感：⼀直没时间阅读。
What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient.⽽让这个问题更糟糕的是，那些常⻅的时间管理技巧似乎并不⾜以改变这⼀问题。
The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times".⽹上充斥着各种教你如何腾出时间来阅读的攻略：诸如“别看电视”或者“随时带本书在身边”。
But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn't work.但在我看来，使⽤这些⽅法来腾出个30分钟左右的阅读时间是不管⽤的。
Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning — or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need.因为当你坐下来阅读的时候，脑海⾥各种关于⼯作的思绪就开始翻腾，或是你太疲劳了以致于你最不想做的就是读⼀本吃⼒的书。
2016考研英语真题及答案详细解析(跨考教育文字版)
2016考研英语真题及答案详细解析(跨考教育文字版)2016考研英语真题及答案详细解析考研英语是考生们备战考研的重要科目之一，了解往年的真题及答案对于备考者来说至关重要。
本文将为大家带来2016年考研英语真题及答案的详细解析，希望能够帮助考生们更好地备考。
第一部分：阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语中的重点和难点之一，下面我们先来看看2016年的阅读理解题目及答案。
Passage 1题目：The influence of individualism and collectivism on motivation in the workplace答案解析：题目提到了个体主义和集体主义对工作场所动机的影响，接下来文章将从这两个方面进行详细解析。
在个体主义文化中，个人的动机往往来自于追求个人的利益和成就感，强调个体的独立性。
相反，在集体主义文化中，集体的目标和利益更重要，个体往往会为集体的利益而工作。
因此，个体主义和集体主义的不同价值导向影响了工作场所的动机。
Passage 2题目：The relationship between job satisfaction and productivity in the workplace答案解析：本题是关于工作满意度和生产力之间关系的阅读题。
文中指出，工作满意度与员工的工作效率和生产力之间存在着积极的关联。
工作满意度高的员工更愿意投入工作，更有创造力，从而提高工作的质量和效率。
因此，提高员工的工作满意度可以促进工作场所的生产力。
第二部分：完形填空完形填空是考研英语中的另一重要部分，下面我们来看2016年的完形填空题目及答案。
题目：The importance of critical thinking in today's society答案解析：本题围绕当今社会中批判性思维的重要性展开。
批判性思维是一种能力，使人们能够分析和评估信息的有效性和可靠性，从而做出明智的决策和判断。
2016公共英语二级阅读理解真题练习及答案
2016公共英语二级阅读理解真题练习及答案阅读理解Text 1William Kunz is a computer genius(天才).When he was just 11, Kunz started writing soft-ware programs, and by 14 he had worked out his own computer game.As a high school first-yearstudent in Houston, Texas, he won first prize in a science fair for a program he wrote.In his thirdyear, he took top prize in an international science and engineering fair for designing a program toanalyze and sort DNA patterns.Kunz went to attend Carnegie Mellon, one of the nation' s highest-ranked universities in computer science.After college he got a job with Oracle in Silicon Valley, writing software used bycompanies around the world.Three years later, Kunz is in his first year at Harvard Business School.He left software engineering partly because he earned much less than his friends who were going into law or business.He also worried about job security(保障), especially as more companies move their programmingoutside the country to lower costs.56.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?A.Kunz won several top prizes.B.Kunz liked taking part in fairs.C.Kunz designed several programs.D.Kunz had a gift for programming.57.What did Kunz study in Carnegie Mellon?A.Business.B.Engineering.C.International law.puter science.58.Why did Kunz decide to go to Harvard Business School?A.to get a secured and better paid job.B.to improve his working conditions.C.to start a business with his friends.D.to go outside the country to work.Text 2Can you imagine life without French fries(炸薯条) ? Potatoes are very popular today.But inthe past this was not true.Potatoes grew in south America five thousand years' ago.But they onlybecame popular in other places two hundred years ago.In the 1500s, the spanish took the potato from south America to Europe.But the people inEurope did not like this strange vegetable.some people thought that if you ate potatoes your skinwould look like the skin of a potato.Other people could not believe that you ate the undergroundpart of the plant.so they ate the leaves instead.This made them sick because there is poison (毒性) in the leaves.In the 1800s, people in other parts of the world started to eat potatoes.In Ireland, potatoes became the main food.Then, in 1845, a disease killed all the potatoes in Ireland.Two million people died of hunger.Today, each country has its own potato dish.The German people eat potato salad, and theUnited States has the baked potato.And, of course, the French invented French fries, which arenow popular all over the world.59.When did potatoes get well-known outside south America?A.About 200 years ago.B.About 300 years ago.C.About 400 years ago.D.About 500 years ago.60.Why did some Europeans refuse to eat potatoes at first?A.They did not trust the Spanish people then.B.They were afraid of the poison in potatoes.C.They were afraid it would cause skin problem.D.They had never eaten food from abroad before.61.Why did two million people died in Ireland in 18457A.They had nothing to eat.B.They ate the bad potatoes.C.They ate the potato leaves.D.They got a terrible disease.62.What do we know from the last paragraph?A.Baked potatoes are popular now.B.People cook potatoes differently.C.Potatoes are expensive nowadays.D.The French eat potato dishes most.Text 3There are a growing number of pet owners who feed pets on raw, which means, "uncooked"meat and bones.William Burk, a pet food specialist from the Food and Drug Administration(FDA), believes that feeding raw meat to pets is against its goal of protecting the public fromhealth dangers; besides, raw meat and bones do not have all the required nutrition (营养) that a petneeds every day.Recognizing how popular these foods are, the FDA has provided guidelines for producers ofpet foods that contain uncooked meat for dogs, cats, and other pets.The guidelines give rules toprotect pet owners and pets from dangers about food safety and lack of nutrition.Pet owners who feed raw meat and bones should deal with these products very carefully toprotect themselves against possible dangers, says Burk.Just as when preparing foods for humans,use hot water and soap to wash hands, containers, and surfaces that come into contact(接触) withthe food.Don' t put your hands near your mouth until you' ve washed them, and don' t allow yourpet to touch your face right after it has eaten meat.If owners choose to feed bones to their pets, they should watch their pet carefully when it iseating bones.Burk also says, "If the pet eats a big piece of bone that won' t pass through the digestive system(消化系统), it could kill the pet."63.What does William Burk think of feeding pets on raw?A.It'll make the pet owners sick.B.It' 11 cause the death of other pets.C.It' s against the policy of the FDA.D.It' s dangerous and lack of nutrition.64.Wiry did the FDA provide guidelines for producers of pet foods with raw meat?A.The quality of pet foods has dropped.B.Most pets have been lack of nutrition.C.Pet safety has become a serious problem.D.Feeding pets on raw has become popular.65.Those who feed pets on raw should do all the necessary cleaning whenA.preparing raw meat for petsB.preparing foods for humansC.touching the food containersD.bringing your pets for a walk66.What advice is given to pet owners in the last paragraph?A.Pets should be kept away from raw meat.B.Pets should be watched when eating bones.C.Pets should be fed with small pieces of bone.D.Pets should be checked on the digestive system.Text 4There are some objects in the sky that move so quickly that sometimes you only see them outof the comer of your eye.These are some of the huge number of bits of rock and dust that are floating around in space, called meteoroids.Normally, we cannot see them at all, but if they travel tooclose to the Earth, they get caught by the pull of the Earth, and begin to fall towards us.They fallfaster and faster, until they hit our atmosphere (大气层), by which time they are going so fast thatthey begin to bum up, and all that you see is a flash of light that moves very quickly across the skyand disappears.These shooting stars, or meteors as they are properly called, are quite common,and sometimes you may see several in a night.Most meteoroids are very small bits indeed, and they bum up long before they get to theEarth.However, a very few do manage to get all the way through the atmosphere, and actually fallto the ually they do not do much damage, although this is not always the case.Meteoroids that actually manage to reach the Earth are called meteorites.Most countries haveplaces where meteorites have struck the Earth.some of these places are very large indeed and aretourist attractions.67.Why do some objects from outer space fall to the ground?A.They are too big.B.They are hit by huge rocks.C.They move too fast.D.They are pulled by the Earth.68.What do we know about meteors from the text?A.They become a star in the sky.B.They are too small to be seen.C.They disappear very quickly.D.They do damage to the Earth.69.What happens to most meteoroids coming into the atmosphere?A.They bum up.B.They fall to earth.C.They explode.D.The float in the air.70.The word "meteorites"( Line 1, Para.3)refers to pieces of rock thatA.move fast in outer spaceB .have been found at a tourist centreC.flash through space at a high speedD.have fallen onto the Earth from spaceText 5Pack your bags.Hold the mail.It' s time to turn your dream vacation into a real trip."Ihaven' t seen a buyer' s market like this in 25 years," says travel expert Peter Greenberg."Everything is on sale.Even the high end of the market is quietly offering add-ons: a free night here, aspa(水疗) pass there."In a bad economy, this comes as good news for many.Whether you want to fly across thecountry or drive across the state line, here are places that offer plenty to do.For anyone who can' t bear to sit still, big cities are the best choice for weekend trips.Zero inon cities that attract business travelers during the week.The big-name hotels empty out on theweekends and will give tourists a better deal.Chicago, Illinois: One of America' s best-looking city centers, especially in the spring andsummer.Spend a sunny day in Millennium Park, or consider an evening at Grant Achatz' s Alinearestaurant in Lincoln Park.Las Vegas, Nevada: It' s never been so easy to score a deal on the Strip.Five-star hotels aremarked down to three-star prices.Book a luxury suite (豪华套房)for $89 a night at .San Francico, California: It's rare for a major city to have such an extraordinary physicalsetting--the,views of the bay(海湾)from the hills and the Ferry Building Marketplace are striking.It's also a walkable city with great museums.You can visit the new California Academy of Sciences building in Golden Gate Park.Go early!Portland, Oregon: The International Rose Test Garden is the one place one never tires of visiting.It's green, friendly, and laid-back.There are over 10,000 rosebushes, and because it's atest garden, the public has never seen many of these 550 varieties.The Rose Festival is one of thebiggest celebrations in the city and runs May 22 to June 14.71.Why is it the best time for traveling now?A.People have more free time.B.Everything is at lower prices.C.The weather is more pleasant.D.tourist sites are less crowded.72.What does the word "add-ons" ( Line 3, Para.1 ) most probably mean?A.Major sales.B.Extra services.C.Paid holidays.D.Additional payments.73.Why does the author suggest going to the big cities on weekends?A.Big-name hotels are cheaper.B.Parks are open free of charge.C.The traffic is much less heavy.D.There are no business travellers.74.Which city is the best choice for museum lovers?A.Chicago.s Vegas.C.San Francisco.D.Portland.75.Where is this text probably taken from?A.A textbook.B.A storybook.C.A magazine.D.A dictionary.。
2016年考研英语第二篇阅读
2016年考研英语第二篇阅读This passage mainly talks about the impact of climate change on bird migration and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.Climate change is affecting bird migration in various ways. The warming temperatures are causing some bird species to alter their migratory routes and timing. For instance, blackcap warblers that typically migrate from their breeding grounds in Germany to winter in Spain are now increasingly migrating to the UK as the weather there becomes more favorable. Similarly, some species, such as the Eurasian collared dove, are no longer migrating at all but instead are staying in their breeding grounds all year round due to the warmer climate.In addition to changing their migration patterns, climate change is also affecting the availability of food and habitat for birds. Warmer temperatures are causing shifts in blooming times of plants and the emergence of insects, which can have a major impact on the timing of bird migration. If birds arrive in an area and find that their food sources are not yet available, they may be forced to either wait, move on to a different location, or suffer from starvation.To address these issues, conservationists are working to create new habitats and protect existing ones. They are also implementing measures to reduce the impact of climate change, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the use of clean energy sources. Additionally, scientists are studying the genetic and physiological adaptations of birds that are able to survive in changing environments, which can help identify ways to breedmore resilient bird populations.Overall, climate change is having a profound impact on bird migration and the ecosystems they rely on. By taking action to address the causes and effects of climate change, we can help to ensure that bird populations continue to thrive and the natural world remains healthy and vibrant for future generations.。
2016考研英语二真题及答案解析
2016考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。
（10 points）Happy people work differently。
They’re more productive，more creative，and willing to take greater risks。
And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work，too。
Companies located in place with happier people invest more，according to a recent research paper。
2 ，firms in happy places spend more on R&D（research and development）。
That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future。
The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested。
So they compared U.S。
cities’average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas。
2016考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)分析
2016考研英语二真题及答案（完整版）分析（转自凯程教育）2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题及答案（完整版）（注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8. But it is really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry , and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less confined decision making process" and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.'' The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16. Firms seem to invest more in places.17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about thefuture. It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward -thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average," said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] sure [B] odd [C] unfortunate [D] often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11.[A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C] emerged [D] broke13.[A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D] compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19.[A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send actSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that's become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______[A] complete future job training[B] remodel the way of thinking[C] formulate logical hypotheses[D] perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their________[A] experience[B] interest[C] career prospects[D] academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________[A] help students learn other computer languages[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C] need improving when students look for jobs[D] enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______[A] bring forth innovative computer technologies[B] stay longer in the information technology industry[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[D] compete with a future army of programmers25.The word "coax"(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to ________[A] persuade[B] frighten[C] misguide[D] challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species 'historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened ."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued that the" threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver 's seat for managing the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesn't go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____.[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____.[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____.[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in______.[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______.[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challengeText 3That everyone's too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There's never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient. The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times." But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn't work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhel mingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption." Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. "The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them." No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside time's flow" into "soul time." You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. "Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you're "making time to read," but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don't work because .[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The "empty bottles" metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .[A] update their to-do lists[B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through[D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set[B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading[D] achieve immersive reading34. "Carry a book with you at all times" can work if .[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be .[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals[D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said." I can't afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen." Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young."I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn't have college degrees,"Schneider said."I don't think people are capable of that anymore. "36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is .[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to .[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will .[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that .[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success[C] His parents' good life has little to do with a college degree[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challengingPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Be silly[B] Have fun[C] Ask for help[D] Express your emotions.[E] Don't overthink it[F] Be easily pleased[G] Notice thingsAct Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age.(1) As adults, it seems that we're constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41_____ [D] Express your emotions(2) What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. When he's angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children-move on.42______[F] Be easily pleasedA couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43_______[A] Be sillyHave you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greaterchance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.44______ [B] Have funThe problem with being a grownup is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)-it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45______ [E] Don't overthink itHaving said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: "Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness." And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally-which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.【参考译文】超市旨在吸引顾客在自己店内停留尽量长的时间。
2016考研英语二阅读理解text2译文
考研英语二阅读理解text2译文1. 阅读理解一直是考研英语二的重点部分，text2是2016年考研英语二阅读理解的一篇重要文章。
该文章主要讲述了关于互联网对传统媒体的影响和改变。
本文将为大家提供该文章的翻译，帮助大家更好地理解文章的内容。
2. text2主要介绍了互联网时代对传统媒体的冲击。
文章指出，互联网的出现给传统媒体带来了巨大的冲击，使得传统媒体的生存空间被不断挤压。
传统媒体的阅读量和广告收入大幅下降，导致传统媒体走向衰落。
与此互联网媒体的崛起使得新闻传播变得更加便捷和快速，成为了信息获取的首选途径。
这种转变不仅改变了人们获取信息的方式，也改变了传统媒体的生存状态。
3. 传统媒体受到了互联网的冲击，但也迎来了转型的机遇。
文章指出，传统媒体可以通过与互联网媒体的融合，实现自身的转型升级。
传统媒体可以借助互联网的技术和评台，拓展自己的影响力，提高自身的竞争力。
传统媒体也可以通过内容优势和品牌影响力，吸引更多的读者和广告商，实现盈利模式的多元化。
4. 互联网时代对传统媒体的影响是一场革命性的变革。
文章强调，传统媒体在面对互联网冲击的需要不断进行自我调整和改革。
传统媒体需要加大对新闻内容的创新和优化，提高用户体验和粘性，不断挖掘读者的需求，满足他们的阅读需求。
只有在不断变革和创新中，传统媒体才能在激烈的竞争中立于不败之地。
5. text2文章阐述了互联网对传统媒体的影响和改变，以及传统媒体应对互联网冲击的策略。
该文章具有一定的现实意义和启示意义，对于我们理解互联网时代下的传统媒体发展具有一定的指导意义。
希望大家在备考考研英语二时，能够通过翻译text2文章，深入理解文章的内涵和主旨，为提高阅读理解能力奠定坚实的基础。
很抱歉，我无法提供直接从您提供的文字续写1500字的内容。
然而，我可以给您提供一些建议，并展示一些可能的观点：1.在互联网时代，传统媒体所面临的挑战远不止是与互联网媒体的竞争。
传统媒体必须认识到，他们所面临的还有来自社交媒体和其他互联网评台的挑战。
2016考研英语二真题及答案解析
2016考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。
（10 points）Happy people work differently。
They’re more productive，more creative，and willing to take greater risks。
And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work，too。
Companies located in place with happier people invest more，according to a recent research paper。
2 ，firms in happy places spend more on R&D（research and development）。
That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future。
The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested。
So they compared U.S。
cities’average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas。
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10月份复习重点
1. 英语写作---做到两篇作文在40分钟之内完成--写作10月份过关 2. 阅读part A/part B习题---阅读90篇++研究2010---2015年真题 3. 翻译习题 4. 完型习题 5. 词汇加深印象---词汇只关注不熟悉词语
干扰项：indifferent, biased, prejudiced, cautious, sensitive, tolerant, ambiguous, neutral, desperate, pessimistic.
总之，态度题一定要搞清谁对什么态度
8. 考段落大意，题干出现paragraph
C. 第一段讲述过去、大众化观点，用but, however, yet 引出话题
2. 例子
考例子标志词： A. 题干上有mention, cite, quote, quotation, example, case B. 问题在文中所在位置有for example, for instance, just as, like,
1. 标出段数
2. 习惯先了解文章主题：重点研究首段、第二段开头---题干加深自己 主题判断
3. 开始做题时候--一定要做到 A. 题干的中文意思是什么
B. 题干上什么样的信息能精确其位置
C. 题干有否提示这题在考文中具体某个句子上的信息？还是考段落 大意？例子？主题等
4. 确定好位置后，能否推测到什么地方是答案线索句！该句最重要信 息是什么--关键词是谁
务必看该段首句、都二句、but, yet, however引导的句子，偶尔在结尾 句上
9. 考词义
如果考代词，this, these, they, them, it, 等，答案线索一定在问题前 一句
如果考名词、动词、形容词、或副词，看前后相应的词性进行推断
阅读partB---理想分数全对10分
答案不在本身，在其前后！
5. 如果题干问文章接下来讲述什么（题干一般会 有following），答案线索在最后一段最后一句
参看page 19页 例8和例10
6. 如果问文章前面在讲述什么,题干会出现 previous, in front of this text, ---答案在第一段 首句上---参看page 19 例9
E. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to________
--------确定具体位置最重要，一旦判断错误，肯定出错
4. 完整抄走某个句子---参考系统班英语讲义page 13---page 15--该句子往往会是某段首句或某段结尾 句
e.g.
考例子有两种考法： A. 例子目的是----introduce the topic
B. 例子反映了---用例子前后信息回答
3. 考文中某个具体信息，题干特点：
A. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_____.
11月份、12月上旬
1. 参加模考-----规定时间完成模考测试 2. 发现问题---及时弥补问题 3. 2013/2014、2015年真题阅读和翻译几乎都能背诵
Hale Waihona Puke 12月26下午 ----信心满满就考场 -----英语定能高分
12月26日下午英语考试
阅读part A ---理想分数32分/24分（16题/12题）以上
5. 确定自己选择----(符合答案特点：如果选项中和问题所在的关键句 意思有替换、有时关键词有重复---即是答案！！)---选好后回头再看 下，是否和问题所在地方意思相同
6. 一旦自己不敢确信答案或者无法确定位置---学会一一在问题所在段 落标出A/B/C/D---看属于：
A. 信息张冠李戴 B. 信息无众生有 C. 用例子在作答 D. 信息答非所问
阅读理解part A 考点汇总
1. 考主题--main idea, mainly about, best title, the subject
判断点：第一段+第二段首句+最后一段首句---四道题题干作用
考研文章第一段开局方式： A. 直奔主题----都在概况讲述什么。。。
B. 第一段讲述例子，引出话题，一定要找到例子结尾处
B. The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that they___________
C. The study suggests that most first-generation students______
D. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become________
7. 问题态度题
如果是作者态度：--the author's attitude.... 肯定态度词语：positive, supportive, favorable, optimistic, approval 否定态度词语：negative, critical, scornful 客观态度词语：objective 怀疑态度词语：uncertain, doubtful, skeptic
1.小标题 A. 看小标题中关键词----名词或形容词 B. 看段落第一句、第二句、最后一句 C. 看标题中关键词在段落关键句有词语再现或意思替换--即是答案 D. 选好标题逐一比对，看段落开始和结尾能否反映标题意思
2. 连线题 A. 先标出41--45所在文中位置 B. 从45---41顺序做题 C. 只要发现问题所在文中的句子和A--G有相同词语再现或替换必是
答案 D. 连线题不仅考意思匹配还有语法形容要匹配
GOOD LUCK TO YOU ALL!!