Pun
pun英语双关
郭淑珍 李丽芳 林晓裕 刘家欢 谭月明 王强兵
钟琼珊
Boyfriend: What is your favorite music group? Girlfriend: I love U2! Boyfriend: I love you too, but what is your favorite music group?
Teacher asked:” Who is the speaker of the House?” Kid: ”Mother.” 老师问的是House是议会的简称，the speaker of the House指议长，而孩子却把它当做“家庭”来理解， 就成一家之主了。
1、修辞功能
1) 增添语言的幽默感 When the college girl announced that she weighed 146 pounds stripped for gym, her anxious father wanted to know who Jim is.
语义双关: 利用词语的多义构成双关。
I finally figured out how government works. The Senate gets the bill from the House, the president gets the bill from the Senate, and we get the bill for everything. 前面两个bill均指提案，第三个bill指账单，由bill的双重意 义构成双关，进行揭露讽刺：他们在官场无事生非，我 们承担一切费用。
Do you know the funny thing in the conversation?
Pun 的含义:
双关语
1.双关的定义英语修辞格Paronomasia，即双关，俗称Pun，来自拉丁语Paronomasia一词，意思是call by a different name(以不同的名称称呼)。
据记载，pun最早出现在古罗马时期，它的出现是为了满足表达双层意义的需要。
根据Oxford English Dictionary记载，双关作为修辞手法最早于1662年由John Dryden率先使用。
在Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English中，对于pun的解释是：Pun，an amusing use of a word or phrase that has two meanings，or of words with the same sound but different meanings.《辞海》所下的定义是“双关—修辞学上的词格之一，利用语言文字上同音或同义的关系，使一句话涉及到两件事。
”2.双关语的表现形式英语中的双关语大致可以细分为五种类型。
现分述如下。
2.1同音双关(homophonic pun)Britannia rules the waves ,Mussolini waives the rules.(大英帝国统辖四海,墨索里尼无法无天。
)wave本意是波浪,海浪,这里变成复数,意为各大海洋;而waive的词义是放弃、撇开,即撇开不管,可引伸为蔑视。
这两个词同音异义,构成双关。
19世纪英国依仗强大的海军称霸全球,中是到了二战时期,英帝国已日落西山,当时意大利的独裁者墨索里尼却敢蔑视英国、称霸地中海。
英国一位评论家用此双关语来概括当时欧洲的形势,哀叹英国走了下坡路。
: Make your every hello a real good-buy.(让你的每声“哈罗”都真的物有所值。
) 这是一则关于电话的广告，其中的“good-buy'’与“good- bye”同音，本意为“买得好，物有所值”，而“hello”和“good-bye”分别是打电话之初和电话结束时的礼貌用语，在这里用以表示电话声音从头到尾都很清晰，说明电话的质量好，买得“物有所值”。
话说英语的双关
话说英语的双关话说英语的双关（ENGLISH PUN）双关语（pun）英语中一种常见的修辞手法。
该修辞格巧妙利用词的谐音、词的多义或歧义等，使同一句话可同时表达不同意义，以造成语言生动活泼、幽默诙谐或嘲弄讥讽的修辞效果，使人读来忍俊不禁、英语中双关语的构成通常需要两个基本条件，即双重情境（double context）和多义词或同音异义词。
其构成方式主要有以下四种：1）同音异义双关（谐音双关）指在一个语境中巧妙运用两个或多个词语的同音或谐音达到讽刺或具诙谐意味的效果。
eg 1. Seven days without water makes one weak.七天不进水，人就会虚弱。
weak和week是同音异义词。
因此这句话听起来可以理解为：Seven days without water makes one week.eg2. You earn your living and you urn your dead.生前劳碌奔命，死后化灰入土。
earn与urn(火化)同音异义，用在一起显得俏皮，别有趣味。
2）同词异义双关（多义词双关）指在同一语境中运用一个词语的两种意思巧妙地达到幽默风趣的效果，使读之别有韵味。
eg1. A: What's the longest sentence in the world?世上最长的句子是什么？B: Prison for life. 无期徒刑。
sentence既有“句子”的意思，也有“刑期”的含义。
eg2. Women have a wonderful sense of right and wrong, but little sense of right and left.女性对善恶感觉惊人，而对左右感觉麻木。
该句借用同词异义双关讽刺女性方向感差，开车左右不分。
eg3.We must all hang together, or we shall all hang se-parately. 我们必须团结一致，否则将一一被绞死。
pun英语双关语集锦课件.doc
PUN所谓pun，通常是指利用一个单词的两个含义，或者利用两个特定的单词，达到“一语双关”的目的。
双关语（pun）是英语中一种常见的修辞手法。
该修辞格巧妙利用词的谐音、词的多义或歧义等，使同一句话可同时表达不同意义，以造成语言生动活泼、幽默诙谐或嘲弄讥讽的修辞效果，使人读来忍俊不禁、英语中双关语的构成通常需要两个基本条件，即双重情境（double context ）和多义词或同音异义词。
其构成方式主要有以下四种：1）同音异义双关（谐音双关）指在一个语境中巧妙运用两个或多个词语的同音或谐音达到讽刺或具诙谐意味的效果。
eg1. Seven days without water makes one weak.七天不进水，人就会虚弱。
weak 和week 是同音异义词。
因此这句话听起来可以理解为：Seven days without watermakes one week.eg2. You earn your living and you urn your dead.生前劳碌奔命，死后化灰入土。
earn 与urn(火化)同音异义，用在一起显得俏皮，别有趣味。
2）同词异义双关（多义词双关）指在同一语境中运用一个词语的两种意思巧妙地达到幽默风趣的效果，使读之别有韵味。
eg1. A: What's the longest sentence in the world?世上最长的句子是什么？B: Prison for life. 无期徒刑。
sentence既有“句子”的意思，也有“刑期”的含义。
eg2. Women have a wonderful sense of right and wrong, but little sense of right and left.女性对善恶感觉惊人，而对左右感觉麻木。
该句借用同词异义双关讽刺女性方向感差，开车左右不分。
eg3.We must all hang together, or we shall all hang se-parately. 我们必须团结一致，否则将一一被绞死。
谐音双关谐音双关双关语(pun)指在一定的语言环境中,利用词的多义和
谐音双关-谐音双关双关语(pun)指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和双(shuāng)关(guān)语(yǔ)。
双(shuāng)关(guān)语(yǔ)指在一定的语言环境中。
利用词的多义和同音的条件。
有意使语句具有双重意义。
言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。
双关可使语言表达得含蓄。
谐音双关幽默。
而且能加深语意。
给人以深刻印象。
中文名,双(shuāng)关(guān)语(yǔ)。
实质,言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。
分为,谐音双关和语义双关。
出处,《刘三姐》。
基本类型。
就构成的条件看。
双关可分为谐音双关和语义双关两类。
利用音同或音近的条件使词语或句子语义双关。
例如：①姓陶不见桃结果。
姓李不见李花开。
姓罗不见锣鼓响。
三个蠢材哪里来？②我失骄杨君失柳。
杨柳轻飏直上重霄九。
例①刘三姐就“陶。
李。
罗”三姓与“桃。
李。
锣”三物同音相谐巧妙地就姓联物。
指物借意。
对给地主老财当帮凶的三个秀才进行了辛辣的嘲讽。
谐音双关嘲笑了他们词穷歌尽。
难以招架的窘态。
鲜明地表现了刘三姐聪明机智。
泼辣勇敢的性格和善于对歌的才能。
歌词读来明快幽默。
饶有风趣。
例②“杨柳”表面上指的是杨花。
柳絮。
实际上指的是杨开慧。
柳直荀两位烈士。
毛泽东同志在这里使用了谐音双关这一修辞手法。
高度赞扬了为无产阶级革命事业英勇献身的杨开慧。
柳直荀两位烈士。
有些歇后语就是借同音或近音双关手法构成的。
例如：山顶滚石头——石打石。
拉着胡子上船——牵须过渡。
嫩蛤蟆跳井一一扑通。
利用词语或句子的多义性在特定语境中形成双关。
比起谐音双关来。
语义双关更为常用。
例：③新事业从头做起。
旧现象一手推平。
④嘿嘿。
秘书长。
你高兴得太早了吧。
你看。
我这儿还埋伏着一个车哪！将！秘书长！从全局来看。
你输了。
你完了。
你交枪吧！例③是新中国成立后。
有家理发店写的春联。
“从头做起”和“一手推平”语义双关。
讲的是理发。
实际是寄托着人民群众除旧布新的愿望。
歌颂新中国。
欢庆新社会。
例④是剧中打入敌军的地下工作人员张敏跟敌秘书长下棋时的一段双(shuāng)关(guān)语(yǔ)。
谐音双关谐音双关双关语(pun)指在一定的语言环境中,利用词的多义和
谐音双关-谐音双关双关语(pun)指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和双(shuāng)关(guān)语(yǔ)。
双(shuāng)关(guān)语(yǔ)指在一定的语言环境中。
利用词的多义和同音的条件。
有意使语句具有双重意义。
言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。
双关可使语言表达得含蓄。
谐音双关幽默。
而且能加深语意。
给人以深刻印象。
中文名,双(shuāng)关(guān)语(yǔ)。
实质,言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。
分为,谐音双关和语义双关。
出处,《刘三姐》。
基本类型。
就构成的条件看。
双关可分为谐音双关和语义双关两类。
利用音同或音近的条件使词语或句子语义双关。
例如：①姓陶不见桃结果。
姓李不见李花开。
姓罗不见锣鼓响。
三个蠢材哪里来？②我失骄杨君失柳。
杨柳轻飏直上重霄九。
例①刘三姐就“陶。
李。
罗”三姓与“桃。
李。
锣”三物同音相谐巧妙地就姓联物。
指物借意。
对给地主老财当帮凶的三个秀才进行了辛辣的嘲讽。
谐音双关嘲笑了他们词穷歌尽。
难以招架的窘态。
鲜明地表现了刘三姐聪明机智。
泼辣勇敢的性格和善于对歌的才能。
歌词读来明快幽默。
饶有风趣。
例②“杨柳”表面上指的是杨花。
柳絮。
实际上指的是杨开慧。
柳直荀两位烈士。
毛泽东同志在这里使用了谐音双关这一修辞手法。
高度赞扬了为无产阶级革命事业英勇献身的杨开慧。
柳直荀两位烈士。
有些歇后语就是借同音或近音双关手法构成的。
例如：山顶滚石头——石打石。
拉着胡子上船——牵须过渡。
嫩蛤蟆跳井一一扑通。
利用词语或句子的多义性在特定语境中形成双关。
比起谐音双关来。
语义双关更为常用。
例：③新事业从头做起。
旧现象一手推平。
④嘿嘿。
秘书长。
你高兴得太早了吧。
你看。
我这儿还埋伏着一个车哪！将！秘书长！从全局来看。
你输了。
你完了。
你交枪吧！例③是新中国成立后。
有家理发店写的春联。
“从头做起”和“一手推平”语义双关。
讲的是理发。
实际是寄托着人民群众除旧布新的愿望。
歌颂新中国。
欢庆新社会。
例④是剧中打入敌军的地下工作人员张敏跟敌秘书长下棋时的一段双(shuāng)关(guān)语(yǔ)。
英语的两种修饰法：矛盾修饰法矛盾修饰法跟PUN（双关语）
矛盾修饰法矛盾修饰法(Oxymor on)矛盾修饰法矛盾修饰法(Oxymoron)是将两个互相矛盾，互不调和，的词放在同一个短语中，产生特殊的深刻含义的一种修辞手段。
用它来状物写景，能突出事物的实质；用它来描绘人物，能使其更加鲜明；用它来表达复杂的思想感情或意味深长的哲理，能使其更强烈，更深刻。
它是一种紧缩隽语。
矛盾修饰法是将两个意思截然不同的词放在一起，结合成一个词组，而对语是通过平行结构引起两个概念的对比。
矛盾修饰法：从哲学上讲，是对立的统一；从艺术上讲，更能体现出描写主体的个性化，更具渲染力。
例如：1.a clever fool聪明的傻瓜2.a victori ousdefeat胜利的失败3.cruel ki ndne ss残酷的仁慈4.expressi onl ess expres sion毫无表情的表情5.sick health憔悴的健康6.a living death行尸走肉7.with carefu l carele ssnes s小心翼翼又漫不经心地8.bright and dark既光彩夺目，又朦胧黑暗9.dove-feathe r’d raven披着白鸽羽毛的乌鸦10.with her disagreeabl y pleasa nt laugh（她）自鸣得意却令人讨厌地笑起来11.an honora ble villai n体面的恶棍12.Therewas an audibl e stilln ess, in whichthe common voicesounde d strang e.(from Sister Carrie by Theodo re Dreise r)这时是一片听得见的寂静，连人声听起来都是异样的。
Pun-双关PPT课件
Definition：
The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different association , or the use of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings , so as to produce a humorous effect . (Oxford English Dictionary )
see → sea Long time no see 是朋友之间见面时的问候语,意为“好久
不见”。在这则小幽默中, 这位男士利用sea 与see 的读音 相同构成谐音双关,既巧妙地回答了女侍者的问题,“Long time no sea”即这条鱼离开大海很久了,已经不新鲜了;又含 蓄地指责了这家饭店对顾客不负责的态度。
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Examples:
3.On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday prey on you.
星期天他们为你祈祷，星期一他们却向你榨取。 该句巧借pray(祈祷)和prey(掠夺)谐音构成双关，讽刺
了西方一些人貌似虔诚信教，实则掠夺他人的丑恶灵 魂。 4.Seven days without water makes one weak (week). 七天不喝水，虚的拉不动腿。
用一个词去暗示两种或两种以上的意义或引起不同的联想,或 者用两个或两个以上发音相同或相近而意义不同的词,以产生 一种幽默效果。 在此而意在彼，这种修辞手法叫做双 关。
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The major types of pun
pun英语双关语解释
pun英语双关语解释pun（双关语），通常是指用一个单词的两个（或多个）含义，或用两个（或多个）发音相同或相近而意义不同的词，达到一语双关，幽默含蓄之效果。
谚语：Don’t trouble troubles until troubles trouble you. （麻烦不来找你，别去自找麻烦。
）这是一句采用双关语的谚语。
句中第一与第四个trouble 是名词“麻烦”的意思，而第二与第三个trouble 是动词“找麻烦”的意思。
这一谚语的基本意思是：不要去找“麻烦”的麻烦，直到“麻烦”来找你的麻烦。
英语中的pun（双关语），多见用于谚语俚语、名人名言、广告海报和幽默笑话。
例句：1、He is not a grave man until he is a grave man.要等到他躺在坟墓里，他才会严肃起来。
（句中前一个grave是形容词，意思是“严肃的”，后一个grave 是名词，意思是“坟墓”。
这句话的基本意思是：他不是一个严肃的人，除非他成了坟墓里的人。
）2、Learn some craft when young, that when old you may live without craft.趁年轻时学一点手艺，以便在年老时可不靠行骗为生。
（句中两个craft都是名词，前一个craft 的意思是“手艺”，后一个craft 的意思是“骗术”。
）3、Not everything that can be counted counts and not everything that counts can be counted.并非所有重要的东西都计算得清楚，也并非所有计算得清楚的东西都重要。
（这是爱因斯坦的一句名言。
句中用动词count 的两个不同含义“计算”与“重要”，生动含蓄表达了这句至理名言。
）4、We must all hang together, or assuredly we shallall hang separately.我们大家必须团结一致，否则我们一定都会被分开处死。
英语双关语的翻译
A
翻译策略——不可译
照抄原文：
What is the worst kind of fish? Selfish.
What keys won’t open door? A monkey, a donkey and a turkey.
12
A
英语双关语翻译原则
当两种语言和文化的相关因素出现巧合时，双关碰巧 不难翻译，不得牺牲双关。
That home is home though it is never so homely. 家虽不佳也是家。 Why is the river rich? Because it has two banks. 为什么河流总是富有的？因为它总是向前（钱）流。
6
A
翻译策略——对等翻译法
双关语译为不同双关语 双关语→双关语（求得神似，“得意” 而 “变形”, 不失 为上策）
3
分类— 按表层结构
A
二词同音双关 ：一个音所涵盖或关涉的两个意义不同的词 都在句中出现。
同音同形异义 If we don’t hang together, we’ll hang separately. 同音异形异义 The “in” idea in business travel——Hilton Inns.
这里 埋葬的是 莱斯特∙莫尔 他死于 A44枪弹 不多不少 整四颗。
10
A
翻译策略——创造翻译法
非双关语译为双关语 非双关语→双关语（在不含双关语的文字中自己创造双关语 ，又称谐音双关法）
Coca - Cola 可口可乐 Pepsi Cola 百事可乐 Maxam 美加净 Contac 康泰克
一词二义双关：利用词的同音和多义条件，以一个词或一 个短语关涉两个意思。
浅析英语修辞格双关(Pun)
浅析英语修辞格双关（Pun）双关(Pun)是英语中一种常见的修辞方式。
《牛津英语词典》(The Oxford English Dictionary. 1989. Oxford: Clarendon Press. V o1.xII.P832)对其的定义是：The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or the use of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect.”双关可以使语言意蕴丰富，诙谐幽默，或具有嘲弄讽刺的修辞效果，达到吸引读者的目的。
双关的分类大致分为语义双关，谐音双关，习语双关，语法双关以及延伸双关。
一、英语双关的构成１、语义双关语义双关（Homograph）是利用词语或句子的多义性在特定环境下形成的双关，例如：(1) Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man.明天你来找我，你就将发现我已经是个坟墓中的人了。
句中grave有两义，可作“坟墓”或“严肃的”、“重大的”解。
（2）--Why should a fisherman always be wealthy?--Because his business is net profit.为什么渔民总是湿乎乎的，因为他赚的是纯利润。
其中，net既可以指渔网，又可以指纯净的。
（3）Learn some craft when young, that when old you may live without craft.趁年轻时学一点手艺，以便在年老时可不靠行骗为生。
谐音双关双关语(pun)指在一定的语言环境中利用词的多义和
谐音双关双关语(pun)指在一定的语言环境中利用词的多义和双(shuāng)关(guān)语(yǔ)。
语义双关更为常用。
例：③新事业从头做起。
旧现象一手推平。
④嘿嘿。
秘书长。
你高兴得太早了吧。
你看。
我这儿还埋伏着一个车哪！将！秘书长！从全局来看。
你输了。
你完了。
你交枪吧！例③是新中国成立后。
有家理发店写的春联。
“从头做起”和“一手推平”语义双关。
讲的是理发。
实际是寄托着人民群众除旧布新的愿望。
歌颂新中国。
欢庆新社会。
例④是剧中打入敌军的地下工作人员张敏跟敌秘书长下棋时的一段双(shuāng)关(guān)语(yǔ)。
表面上说的是下棋的事。
实际上是暗指敌我双方军事斗争的形势。
含蓄曲折。
意味深长。
还有。
用一句话关涉两个对象。
即平常所说的“指桑骂槐”。
这也属语义双关。
例如：⑤秀才：莫逞能。
三百条狗四下分。
一少三多要单数。
看你怎样分得清。
三姐：九十九条打猎去。
九十九条看羊来。
九十九条守门口。
还剩三条 * 才。
例⑤中的“还剩三条 * 才”。
同时关顾三条狗和给地主老财当帮凶的三个秀才。
其中蕴含着的不直接说出来的含意是表意所在。
既要含而不露。
又要使人体会得到。
寻味得出。
不能造成误会或歧义。
2。
要注意双关内容的思想性。
不要单纯追求风趣和含蓄。
.用双关构成歇后语时。
尤应注意体现思想积极。
健康。
语义双关和借喻不同：借喻是以喻体代本体。
说的是喻体。
要表达的是本体事物。
是比喻与被比喻的关系。
目的在于使抽象深奥的事物表达得具体。
生动。
简洁。
语义双关表达的是两种意思。
借一个词语或句子的意义关顾两个事物。
表里意思不一。
目的在于收到含蓄委婉。
幽默风趣的效果。
语意双关：夜正长。
路也正长。
我不如忘却。
不说的好罢。
由来。
双(shuāng)关(guān)语(yǔ)”就是话中有话。
弦外有声。
暗藏机锋。
隐晦曲折。
需要仔细嚼一嚼。
其味是在细嚼慢咽之中体会的。
有一出川剧叫《秋江》的。
里面的老艄公问前来搭船的女尼贵姓。
妙常故意说“姓陈”。
艄公忙令住口。
Pun(双关),Paradox(隽语),Innuendo暗讽
e.g.:
what’s the longest sentences in the world? Prison for life.(无期徒刑)
Antanaclasis Pun (同词异义双关）
Definition:
The same word is used for twice or more times in a sentence ,but in different meanings.
e.g.:
------I hear he makes rather long speeches. ------Yes, he likes to hear his own voice. [He makes a bad speech and nobody wants to listen to him.] ------Have you finished my book yet? ------Sorry, I stopped at page 412, with 407 pages to go.
Function:
It’s used to emphasize the writer’s opinion or to expain the deeply meaning behind the selfcontradictory sentences.
Many proverbs apply this kind of figure of speech. e.g.:
Innuendo
Three Rhetorics
Definition:
Pun(双关)
The humorous of a word in such a way as to suggest different meanings or of words having the same or nearly the same sound but different meanings. 词汇的幽默用法，用一个词去暗示不同的意义 或者用发音相同或相近但意义不同的（两个或 两个以上）词来含蓄委婉而又幽默新奇地表达 自身观点。
双关语
1.双关的定义英语修辞格Paronomasia，即双关，俗称Pun，来自拉丁语Paronomasia一词，意思是call by a different name(以不同的名称称呼)。
据记载，pun最早出现在古罗马时期，它的出现是为了满足表达双层意义的需要。
根据Oxford English Dictionary记载，双关作为修辞手法最早于1662年由John Dryden率先使用。
在Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English中，对于pun的解释是：Pun，an amusing use of a word or phrase that has two meanings，or of words with the same sound but different meanings.《辞海》所下的定义是“双关—修辞学上的词格之一，利用语言文字上同音或同义的关系，使一句话涉及到两件事。
”2.双关语的表现形式英语中的双关语大致可以细分为五种类型。
现分述如下。
2.1同音双关(homophonic pun)Britannia rules the waves ,Mussolini waives the rules.(大英帝国统辖四海,墨索里尼无法无天。
)wave本意是波浪,海浪,这里变成复数,意为各大海洋;而waive的词义是放弃、撇开,即撇开不管,可引伸为蔑视。
这两个词同音异义,构成双关。
19世纪英国依仗强大的海军称霸全球,中是到了二战时期,英帝国已日落西山,当时意大利的独裁者墨索里尼却敢蔑视英国、称霸地中海。
英国一位评论家用此双关语来概括当时欧洲的形势,哀叹英国走了下坡路。
: Make your every hello a real good-buy.(让你的每声“哈罗”都真的物有所值。
) 这是一则关于电话的广告，其中的“good-buy'’与“good- bye”同音，本意为“买得好，物有所值”，而“hello”和“good-bye”分别是打电话之初和电话结束时的礼貌用语，在这里用以表示电话声音从头到尾都很清晰，说明电话的质量好，买得“物有所值”。
英语修辞之双关——Pun
1、Pun[pʌn]Definition：The pun, also called paronomasia, is a form of which suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect.Typology(or types)1、The homophonic pun（谐音双关）.The homophonic pun, a common type, utilizes the exploitation [,eksplɔi'teiʃən] of word pairs which sound alike (homophones) but are not synonymous.A homophonic pun exploits words which are spelled the same (homographs) but possess different meanings and sounds. Because of their nature, they rely on sight more than hearing, contrary to homophonic puns. They are also known as heteronymic puns.a common type, uses word pairs which sound alike (homophones) but are not synonymous(the meaning is diffirent).Examples：①In George Carlin's phrase "Atheism is a non-prophet institution", the word "prophet 'prɔfit] " is put in place of its homophone "profit'prɔfit] ", altering the common phrase "non-profit institution".②"Pinky and the Brain" cartoon film series: "I think so, Brain, but if we give peas a chance, won't the lima beans feel left out?" which plays with the similar - but not identical - sound of "peas" and "peace".③Seven days without water makes one week(weak)2、The homographic pun（同形异义双关）exploits words which are spelled the same (homographs) but possess different meanings and sounds. Because of their nature, they rely on sight more than hearing, contrary to homophonic puns. They are also known as heteronymic puns.Examples：Douglas Adams's line "Y ou can tune a guitar, but you can't tuna fish. Unless of course, you play bass." (Bible)The phrase uses the homophonic qualities of "tune a" and "tuna", as well as the homographic pun on "bass", in which ambiguity is reached through the identical spellings of /ˈbeɪs/ (a string instrument), and /ˈbæs/ (a kind of fish).3、Homonymic puns(同音异义双关语), another common type, arise from the①exploitation of words which are both homographs and homophones.The statement "Being in politics is just like playing golf: you are trapped in one bad lie after another" puns on the two meanings of the word lie as "a deliberate untruth" and as "the position in which something rests".②a joke repeated by Isaac Asimov gives us "Did you hear about the little moron who strained himself while running into the screen door?", playing on 'strained' as "to give much effort" and "to filter".4、compound pun is a statement that contains two or more puns.Examples:①a complex statement by Richard Whately includes four puns: "Why can a man never starve in the Great Desert? Because he can eat the sand which is there. But what brought the sandwiches there? Why, Noah sent Ham, and his descendants mustered and bred."[8]This pun uses "sand which is there/sandwiches there, "Ham/ham", "mustered/mustard", and "bred/bread".5、A recursive pun is one in which the second aspect of a pun relies on the understanding of an element in the first.Examples:① the statement "π is only half a pie." (π radians is 180 degrees, or half a circle, and a pie is a complete circle).②"Infinity（无限大）is not in finity（有限的）," which means infinity is not in finite range.③"A Freudian slip is when you say one thing but mean your mother."[9] Finally, we are given "Immanuel doesn't pun, he Kant（康德）" by Oscar Wilde.6、Visual puns are used in many logos, emblems, insignia, and other graphic symbols, in which one or more of the pun aspects are replaced by a picture. In European heraldry, this technique is called canting arms.Visual and other puns and word games are also common in Dutch gable stones as well as in some cartoons Examples:① Visual and other puns and word games are also common in Dutch gablestones;② In some cartoons such as Lost Consonants and The Far SidePuns in comedies、jokes、literatureIn Romeo and Juliet when Mercutio begs Romeo to dance, Romeo refuses.Unlike Mercutio’s shoes with “nimble soles,” Romeo says that he has a “soul of lead.” At one point, Romeo asks for a torch, saying “being heavy [sad], I will bear the light.”Captain Aubrey: "Do you see those two weevils, Doctor?...Which would you choose?"Dr. Maturin: "Neither. There's not a scrap of difference between them. They're the same species of Curculio."Captain Aubrey: "If you had to choose. If you were forced to make a choice. If there were no other option."Dr. Maturin: "Well, then, if you're going to push me. I would choose the right-hand weevil. It has significant advantage in both length and breadth."Captain Aubrey: "There, I have you!...Do you not know that in the Service, onemust always choose the lesser of two weevils?"Other great works of literature have included puns as well. Poet John Donne, whose name rhymed with “done,” often punned his name in his own poetry. In one of his hymns, he even puns the name of his wife Anne More, with the line “Thou hast not done, For I have more.”Our Bible reveals to us the character of our God with minute andremorseless exactness ... It is perhaps the most damnatorybiography that exists in print anywhere. It makes Nero an angelof light and leading by contrast. [Msark Twain]Falling in love is not at all the most stupid thing that people do —but gravitation can not be held responsible for it. [AlbertEinstein]Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future. [NielsBohr]Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful. [George E.P. Box]The best material model of a cat is another, or preferably thesame, cat. [Norbert Wiener]As a child, I received instruction both in the Bible and in theTalmud. I am a Jew, but I am enthralled by the luminous figure ofthe Nazarene. [Albert Einstein]One morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got intomy pajamas I'll never know. » [Groucho Marx]Puns often are used in the titles of comedic parodies. A parody of a popular song, movie, etc., may be given a title that hints at the title of the work being parodied, substituting some of the words with ones that sound or look similar. Such a title can immediately communicate both that what follows is a parody and also which work is about to be parodied, making any further "setup" (introductory explanation) unnecessary.Examples would include the Star Trek: V oyager episode entitled "False Profits" (a pun on the saying 'false prophets') or the episode of Psych entitled "The Polarizing Express" (spoofing The Polar Express and the definition of polarization, which means 'to break into factions')Non-humorous puns were and are a standard rhetorical and poetic device in English literature. Puns and other forms of word play have been used by many famous writers, such as Alexander Pope, James Joyce, Vladimir Nabokov, Robert Bloch, Lewis Carroll, John Donne, and William Shakespeare, who is estimated to have used over 3,000 puns in his plays.[citation needed]Here is an example from Shakespeare's Richard III:"Now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this son of Y ork"(Son/sun)Shakespeare was also noted for his frequent play with less serious puns, the "quibbles" of the sort that made Samuel Johnson complain, "A quibble is to Shakespeare what luminous vapours are to the traveller! He follows it to all adventures; it is sure to lead him out of his way, sure to engulf him in the mire.It has some malignant power over his mind, and its fascinations areirresistible."[14] Elsewhere, Johnson disparagingly referred to punning as "the lowest form of humour".[citation needed]In the poem A Hymn to God the Father, John Donne, married to Anne More,reportedly puns repeatedly: "Son/sun" in the second quoted line, and twocompound puns on "Donne/done" and "More/more". All three arehomophonic, with the puns on "more" being both homographic andcapitonymic. The ambiguities serve to introduce several possible meanings into the verses."When Thou hast done, Thou hast not done / For I have more.that at my death Thy Son / Shall shine as he shines now, and heretoforeAnd having done that, Thou hast done; / I fear no more."。
pun英语双关语集锦
PUN所谓pun，通常是指利用一个单词的两个含义，或者利用两个特定的单词，达到“一语双关”的目的。
双关语（pun）是英语中一种常见的修辞手法。
该修辞格巧妙利用词的谐音、词的多义或歧义等，使同一句话可同时表达不同意义，以造成语言生动活泼、幽默诙谐或嘲弄讥讽的修辞效果，使人读来忍俊不禁、英语中双关语的构成通常需要两个基本条件，即双重情境（double context）和多义词或同音异义词。
其构成方式主要有以下四种：1）同音异义双关（谐音双关）指在一个语境中巧妙运用两个或多个词语的同音或谐音达到讽刺或具诙谐意味的效果。
eg1. Seven days without water makes one weak.七天不进水，人就会虚弱。
weak和week是同音异义词。
因此这句话听起来可以理解为：Seven days without water makes one week.eg2. You earn your living and you urn your dead.生前劳碌奔命，死后化灰入土。
earn与urn(火化)同音异义，用在一起显得俏皮，别有趣味。
2）同词异义双关（多义词双关）指在同一语境中运用一个词语的两种意思巧妙地达到幽默风趣的效果，使读之别有韵味。
eg1. A: What's the longest sentence in the world?世上最长的句子是什么？B: Prison for life. 无期徒刑。
sentence既有“句子”的意思，也有“刑期”的含义。
eg2. Women have a wonderful sense of right and wrong, but little sense of right and left.女性对善恶感觉惊人，而对左右感觉麻木。
该句借用同词异义双关讽刺女性方向感差，开车左右不分。
eg3.We must all hang together, or we shall all hang se-parately. 我们必须团结一致，否则将一一被绞死。
唾液、胃液尿素氮及其与hp感染关系的研究
唾液、胃液尿素氮及其与hp感染关系的研究唾液、胃液尿素氮（PUN）以及其与细菌性心内膜炎（HP）之间的关系一直是一个重要的研究课题，因为它们可以提供有关疾病发展机制的信息。
有研究表明，HP感染可能与体内PUN水平及其组成成分有关，这可能有助于弄清HP的发病机制。
本文将对唾液、胃液尿素氮与HP感染之间的关系进行概述性讨论，并提出深入的研究建议。
Body:1. PUN的结构与化学成分尿素氮（PUN）是一种易于溶解的氨基酸，由三种重要的氨基酸（精氨酸，甘氨酸和谷氨酰胺）组成。
PUN有两种不同的形式：唾液型和胃液型。
对于口腔唾液中PUN的结构有所了解，但胃液中PUN的结构尚不清楚。
尿素氮是一种有毒物质，有时可以污染空气，并在低温下变质。
2. PUN在HP感染中的作用研究表明，PUN在HP感染中可能起着重要作用。
PUN水平较高可能与HP感染有关。
PUN会降低抗生素的敏感性，从而增加感染的持久性。
另外，外泌体的组成和结构可能与PUN水平有关，它们可能参与HP病毒的传播和感染。
3. 与PUN相关的研究近年来进行的研究主要集中在以下几个方面：研究PUN的结构、口腔和胃液PUN的组成成分以及PUN在HP感染中的作用机制。
少数研究针对病人调查了其口腔溶液和胃液中PUN的水平，但这些研究还不够全面。
因此，有必要对不同种族，年龄和医疗情况的病人进行更广泛的调查研究，以比较口腔溶液和胃液中PUN的水平，以及PUN与HP感染的关系。
考虑到此类研究的重要性，本研究提出了基于机器学习原理的分析方法，该方法可能有助于改善对唾液、胃液尿素氮及其与hp感染关系的理解。
Conclusion本文概述了唾液、胃液尿素氮（PUN）与细菌性心内膜炎（HP）之间的关系。
研究表明，PUN水平较高可能与HP感染有关，它可以降低抗生素的敏感性，增加感染的持久性，并可能参与HP病毒的传播和感染。
尽管已有研究针对不同种族，年龄和医疗情况的病人进行了调查研究，但仍需要更深入的研究来解释PUN在HP感染中的作用机制。
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Detective one: Looks like he was drowned in this vat of refrigerated blood at the slaughterhouse! Detective two: Really? He was killed in cold blood? No pun intended!
Pun
What is pun
– The pun, or paronomasia, is a form of word play which suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect •Puns are used to create humor and sometimes require a large vocabulary to understand. Puns have long been used by comedy writers, such as William Shakespeare, Oscar Wilde, and George Carlin
Pun’history
• Puns were found in ancient Egypt, where they were heavily used in development of myths and interpretation of dreams. • In China, Shen Tao (ca. 300 BC) used "shih", meaning "power", and "shih", meaning "position" to say that a king has power because of his position as king. • In ancient Iraq, about 2500 BC, punning was used by scribes to represent words in cuneiform. • The Maya were known for using puns in their hieroglyphic writing, and in their modern languages. • In Japan, "graphomania" was one type of pun.
Pun’s designation
• Like other forms of wordplay, paronomasia is occasionally used for its attention-getting or mnemonic qualities, making it common in titles and the names of places, characters, and organizations, and in advertising and slogans
What does pun mean as in no pun intended?
• A pun is a phrase or word that makes humour by relying on the different meanings of a word or words with similar sounds. A pun is often referred to as the lowest form of humour, and unlike jokes is often greeted with groans not laughter. Examples of puns would be: • Did you hear about the optometrist who fell into a lens grinder and made a spectacle of himself? • There were two ocean tankers that collided. One was hauling red paint, one had blue paint. . At last report, the captains were marooned. • Two peanuts walk into a bar. One was a salted
Pun’s usage
• Puns are a common source of humour in jokes and comedy shows. They are often used in the punch line of a joke, where they typically give a humorous meaning to a rather perplexing story. These are also known as feghoots. One practitioner of using puns in a comedic context is the British comedian Andy Zaltzman, co-host of the popular political podcast, The Bugle with John Oliver who becomes increasingly aghast the longer Zaltzman goes on. Zaltzman once created a string of 31 dog-related puns in a row in episode 117 of "The Bugle." Another practitioner of this art is René Goscinny, cocreator of Asterix. The following example comes from the movie Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, though the punchline stems from far older Vaudeville roots.[13] The final line puns on the stock phrase "the lesser of two evils".