山东科技大学2019年《211翻译硕士英语》考研专业课真题试卷
山东科技大学英语综合考研真题2017—2019年
Part I LinguisticsI. Give the definitions of the following terms. (20 scores)1. code-switching2. arbitrariness3. morpheme4. parole5. assimilation6. concord7. register8. inflection9. deep structure10. indirect speech actⅡ. Choose the correct answers. (20 scores)1. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as_____linguistics.A. appliedB. diachronicC. comparativeD. synchronic2. Which of the following sounds is a low front lax spread vowel?A. [a]B. [æ]C. [i]D. [e]3. Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ________ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD. M. A. K. Halliday4. The word “globalization” is created by the _____ process.A. inventionB. blendingC. derivationD. compound5. The semantic components of the word “girl” can be expressed as _________.A.＋human,＋male,－adultB.＋human,－male,－adultC.＋human,＋male,＋adultD.＋human,－male,－adult6. In “Please pass me the salt”, the predicate is a ______predicate.A. One-placeB. Two-placeC. Three-placeD. No-place7. Which of the following take the social context into consideration?A. Universal grammar.B. performanceC. functional grammarD. Nativist theory8. What kind of function does the sentence “Nice to meet you” have?A. DirectiveB. PhaticC. InformativeD. Evocative9. In “老师是园丁，桃李满天下”，there are_______conceptual metaphor(s).A. 1B. 2C. noneD.310.--Do you like cheese?-- Of course, and the cat likes carrot.The answer violates the maxim of ______.A. qualityB. quantityC. relevanceD. mannerIII. True or False questions. (10 scores)1. Allophones in complementary distribution are free allophones .2. Every speaker has his own preferred expressions and special ways of expressing hisideas in language. This variety of individual users is called social dialect.3. Animals cannot talk about the things except those about food, danger, enemy, etc.because the communicative signals of animals do not have the property ofdisplacement.4. Connotative meaning of the same word may vary from individual to individual.5. Perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention.6. “He broke the window” entails “the window was damaged”.7. Pidgin is a kind of interlanguage.8. “Under the table" is a subordinate endocentric construction.9. The smallest free unit in English is morpheme .10. According to IC analysis, single words and complete sentences are constituents.IV. Answer the following questions. (30 scores)1. Why is there no direct relations between signifier and signified in the semantictriangle? (6 scores)2. Is it justified to say that the meaning of a sentence is composed only of word senseand grammatical sense? (6 scores)3. Explain with examples the different types of antonyms in English. (6 scores)4. Explain the difference between homograph and polysemy with examples. (6 scores)5. Analyze the following sentences with IC analysis (6 scores)The hunters shot the rabbit with guns.The boy might lose his way.The dog went down the stairs and out of the door.V. Discussion. (10 scores)Illustrate the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis with examples.Part Two LiteratureI. Matching (16 scores)Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II.(8 scores) Column I Column II1. Theodore Dreiser A. The Scarlet Letter2. Eugene O’Neill B. Sister Carrie3. Herman Melville C. Women in Love4. William Faulkner D. Light in August5. Virginia Woolf E. The Hairy Ape6. G. B. Shaw F. Tom Jones7. Joseph Heller G. Moby Dick8. D. H. Laurence H. To the LighthouseI. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionJ. Catch-22Section B Identify the works from which the quotations are from. (8 scores)Column I Column II9. It is a truth universally acknowledged that A. The Portrait of a Ladya single man in possession of good fortunemust be in want of a wife. B. Hamlet10. A man is not made for defeat. A man can bedestroyed but not defeated. C. A Tale of Two Cities11. Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,and sorry I could not travel both. D. “The Road Not Taken” 12. I was on his grave, my friends, that I resolved,before God, that I would never own another E. “Stopping by Woods on a slave, while it is possible to free him; that Snowy Evening”nobody, through me, should ever run the riskof being parted from home and friends, and F. “Ode to the West Wind”dying on a lonely plantation, as he died.13. If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind. G. “Of Studies”14. Reading maketh a full man; conference a readyman; and writing an exact man. H. Uncle Tom’s Cabin15.To be, or not to be—that is the question.16. It was the best of times, it was the worst I. Pride and Prejudiceof times; it was an age of wisdom, it wasthe age of foolishness; it was the epoch of J. Tom Sawyerbelief, it was the epoch of incredulity. . .II. Explain the following literary terms. (20 scores)17. Expressionism18. The Beat Generation19. The Graveyard School20. Heroic Couplet21. Black HumorIII. Read the quoted passages and answer the questions following them. (24 scores)Passage 1Do you think I will stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton? A machine without feelings? And can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lip, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain and little, I’m soulless and heartless? You think wrong!I have as much soul as you, and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I’m not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionality, nor even of mortal flesh; it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at the God’s feet, equal, as we are!Questions: From which work is the passage selected? And who is the author of this work? What are the names of the hero and heroine? What point of view is adopted in this novel? Please comment on the image of the heroine or the theme of the novel with feminism.Passage 2When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomerby Walt WhitmanWhen I heard the learn’d astronomer,When the proofs, the figures, were ranged in columns before me,When I was shown the charts and diagrams, to add, divide, and measure them,When I sitting heard the astronomer where he lectured with much applause inthe lecture-room,How soon unaccountable I became tired and sick,Till rising and gliding out I wander’d off by myself，In the mystical moist night-air, and from time to time，Look’d up in perfect silence at the stars.Questions: Manifest details of the astronomer’s lecture and the poet’s response to it. How is the poet’s view on stars different from that of the astronomer? Present various meanings they have about universe because of their different perspectives.Part I LinguisticsI.Give the definitions of the following terms(20points)nguage2.Cultural transmission3.Pidgin4.Phoneme5.Agreement6.Consonant7.Deep structurenguage transfer9.Indirect speech acts10.SemanticsII.Choose the correct answer(20points)1.The sense relation between the two words“died”and“killed”is__.A.synonymyB.polysemyC.hyponymyD.co-hyponymy2.The distinction between“langue”and“parole”was introduced by_____.A.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday3.Which of the following is not a correct description of[f]?A.voicelessB.fricativeC.palatalbiodental4.The word“e-mail”is a________in terms of word-formation.poundB.borrowingC.inventionD.blending5.Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language.This variety of individual users is called______.A.social dialectB.regional dialectC.temporal dialectD.ethnic dialect6.Utterances often influence the feelings or actions of the audience,which Austin calls the performance of a/an_________________.A.locutionary actB.perlocutionary actC.illocutionary actD.performative act7.What kind of function does the sentence“Stand up”have?A.directiveB.phaticrmativeD.evocative8.The underlined part in the word“submit”is a_____________.A.bound rootB.free morphemeC.suffixD.stem9.In“He has become a man”,what is communicated in the second“man”is called___________.A.connotative meaningB.social meaningC.affective meaningD.conceptual meaning10.The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as _____linguistics.A.appliedB.diachronicparativeD.synchronicIII.True or false Questions(10points)1.In English,long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a longvowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.2.The smallest meaningful unit of language is morpheme.3.Metaphor and metonymy are two major ways for semantic broadening.4.There is no such a thing as category of aspect in Chinese.5.British English is standard dialect while American English is one regional dialect.6.“His daughter is a teacher”entails“He has a daughter”.7.“Kicking the ball”is an endocentric construction with“kicking”as its head.8.In English,we have five long vowels.9.Tenor is about the relations between the participants in the communication.10.Age,personality,motivation and attitude are all considered variables influencingSLA.IV.Answer the following questions briefly.(20points)1.Try to explain the semantic triangle.(5points)2.Explain with examples the various types of antonyms in English.(5points)3.Which version of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis do you agree with?Why?(5points)4.Analyze the following sentences with IC analysis.(5scores)The boy might take my advice.(2)The professor taught linguistics at this university.(3)V.Discussion(20points)1.Primates like Chimpanzees have been trained to communicate with human withbody gestures.What do you think are the differences between this kind of“language”and our language.(10)2.Analyze B’s answer in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle.(10)A:Tehran is in Turkey,isn’t it,teacher?B:Yes,dear.And London is in American,I suppose.Part Two LiteratureI.Matching(16points)Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II.(8points) Column I Column II1.Arthur Miller A.Lord Jim2.Henry James B.The School for Scandal3.James Fennimore Cooper C.Ivanhoe4.Richard Brinsley Sheridan D.Death of a Salesmanwrence E.The Wings of the Dove6.George Eliot F.Vanity Fair7.Joseph Conrad G.The Last of the Mohicans8.Jack London H.The Call of the Wilddy Chatterlay’s LoverJ.The Mill on the FlossSection B Identify the works from which the quotations are from.(8points)Column I Column II9.The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, A.The Pilgrim’s ProgressThe lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me. B.Moby Dick10.As I walked through the wilderness of thisworld,I lighted on a certain place wherewas a den,and I laid me down in that place C.“A Valediction:to sleep;and,as I slept,I dreamed a dream.Forbidding Mourning”11.If they be two,they are two soAs stiff twin compasses are two;Thy soul,the fixed foot,makes no show D.“Elegy Written in aTo move,but doth,of th’other do.Country Churchyard”12.The artist is the creator of beautiful things.To reveal art and conceal the artist is art’s aim.13.We hold these truths to be self-evident, E.“Stopping by Woods onthat all men are created equal,that a Snowy Evening”they are endowed by their Creator withcertain unalienable Rights,that amongthese are Life,Liberty and the pursuit F.“The Road Not Taken”of Happiness.14.They were careless people,Tom andDaisy---they smashed up things andcreatures and then retreated back G.Uncle Tom’s Cabininto their money or their vast carelessnessor whatever it was that kept them together,and let other people clean up the H.“Declaration ofmess they had made.Independence”15.Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village,though;He will not see me stopping here I.The Picture of Dorian Gray To watch his woods fill up with snow.16.Call me Ishmael.Some years ago--never mind how long precisely--J.The Great Gatsbyhaving little or no money in my purse,and nothing particular to interest me on shore,I thought I would sail about a little and seethe watery part of the world.II.Explain the following literary terms.(20points)17.Blank verse18.Neoclassicism19.The Lost Generation20.Local Colorism21.SoliloquyIII.Read the quoted passages and answer the questions following them.(24points)Passage1Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d;But thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.Questions:Who is the author of this poem?What are the features of this kind of poem? Analyze its rhyme scheme and comment on its theme.(12points)Passage2It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood,this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families,that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.”Questions:What is the title of the novel?Who is the author?Summarize the story of the novel in brief language and comment the artistic features of this author.(12points)Part A LinguisticsI.Give the definitions of the following terms.(10points)1.Displacementpetence3.Minimal pairs4.Concord5.Diachronic linguisticsII.Choose the correct answers.(20points）1.Which of the following is a study of morphology?A.assimilationB.homonymyC.motivationD.inflection2.Which of the following is an initialism?A.UNESCOB.WI-FIC.APECD.VIP3.The function of the sentence“Nasty weather,isn’t it?”is______A.DirectiveB.PhaticrmativeD.interrogative4.Which of the following expressions is not derived from LOVE IS A WAR?A.情敌B.白头偕老C.赢得芳心D.你伤害了我，却一笑而过5.Which of the following sounds is a voiceless labio-dental fricative?A.[p]B.[k]C.[f]D.[v]6.Which design feature means language is learnt instead of being encoded in ourgenes?A.productionB.interchangeabilityC.cultural transmissionD.arbitrariness7．The difference between“老伙计”and“老朋友”lies in________.A.originB.collocationC.styleD.degree8.A female teacher speaks in different ways to her daughter and to her students.Thiscan be explained by___________.A.code-switchingB.registerC.bilingualismD.motivation9.“壁咚”is created from_________.A.blendingB.acronymC.borrowingD.Invention10.The relationship between the two words“residence”and“apartment”is_____.A.synonymyB.polysemyC.hyponymyD.co-hyponymyIII.True or False(10points)1.The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed assynchronic linguistics.2.Pragmatics is the application of linguistic theories to language teaching and learning.3.The root of unhappiness is happy.4.There are five long vowels in Englsh.5.“上级”and“下级”are complementary antonymy.6.The smallest unit in English is morpheme.7.Adjectives and complete sentences are all constituents.8.“I chased the dog”and“I am chasing the dog”are derived form the same deepstructure.9.“He is dead”presupposes“He was murdered”.10.Derivational morphemes are all bound morphemes.IV.Answer the following questions.(40points)1.Explain with examples the classification of antonyms in English.2.What is the problem with the referential theory?.3.Analyze the implicature in the following dialogue in terms of Grice’s CooperativePrinciple.Father:What are you eating?Mother(with the3-year-old daughter around):An I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M.4.What is the relationship between language and culture?5.Explain the ambiguity of the following sentence with IC analysis.The Seniors were told to stop demonstrating on campus.V.Discussion(10points)Is sign language(手语)a language?Part B LiteratureI.Matching(16points)Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II.(8points) Column I Column II1.Daniel Defoe A.Middlemarch:A Study of Provincial Life2.Oliver Goldsmith B.A Passage to India3.Oscar Wilde C.Invisible Man4.E.M.Forster D.Moll Flanders5.Henry James E.Emma6.Joseph Rudyard Kipling F.The Importance of Being Earnest7.Ralph Ellison G.Jude the Obscure8.Thomas Hardy H.The Golden BowlI.The Vicar of WakefieldJ.The Jungle BookSection B Identify the works from which the quotations are from.(8points)Column I Column II9.Can storied urn or animated bustBack to its mansion call the fleeting breath? A.The Great Gatsby Can Honour’s voice provoke the silent dustOr Flattert soothe the dull cold ear of Death?10.It beareth the name of Vanity Fair because the B.“My Last Duchess”town where it is kept is lighter than vanity;and also because all that there is sold,or thatcometh thither,is vanity.As is the saying of C.“Elegy Written in a the wise,“All that cometh is vanity.”Country Churchyard”11.My first quarter at Lowood seemed an age;andnot the golden age either;it composed an irksomestruggle with difficulties in habituating myself tonew rules and unwonted tasks. D.Jane Eyre12.I shall ever bear about me a memory of the manysolemn hours I thus spent alone with the master ofthe House of Usher.Yet I should fail in any attemptto convey an idea of the exact character of the E.Great Expectations studies or of the occupations,in which he involved meor led me the way.13.But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential.I found myself on Gatsby’s side,and alone.From F.Mrs Warren’s Professionthe moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe toWest Egg village,every surmise about him,and everypractical question,was referred to me.14.Oh sir,she smiled,no doubt,Whene’er I passed her;but who passed without G.“The Fall of the Much the same smile?This grew;I gave commands;House of Usher”Then all smiles stopped together.15.Most mighty Emperor of Liliput,delight and terror H.Robinson Crusoeof the universe,whose dominions extend fivethousand blustrugs(about twelve miles in circumference)to the extremities of the globe;Monarch of all Monarchs;taller than the sons of men;whose feet press down tothe center,and whose head strikes against the sun;at I.The Pilgrim’s Progress whose nod the princes of the earth shake their knees;pleasant as spring,comfortable as summer,fruitful asautumn,dreadful as winter.16.Then where are our relatives?My father?Our family friends?You claim the rights of a mother;the right to call me fooland child;to speak to me as no woman in authority over J.Gulliver’s Travels me at college dare speak to me;to dictate my way of life;and to force on me the acquaintance of a brute whom anyonecan see to be the most vicious sort of London man about town.II.Explain the following literary terms.(20points)17.Puritanism18.Theatre of the Absurd19.Metaphysical Conceit20.Romanticism21.Local ColorismIII.Read the quoted passages and answer the questions following them.(24points)Passage1Some say the world will end in fireSome say in ice.From what I’ve tasted of desire,I hold with those who favor fire,But if it had to be perish twice,I think I know enough of hateTo say that for destruction iceIs also great,And would suffice.22.Questions:What type of poem does this poem belong to?What is the symbolic meaning of the fire and ice?What is the possible way to solve the problem?Passage2I shall now therefore humbly propose my own thoughts,which I hope will not be liable to the least objection.I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious,nourishing,and wholesome food,whether stewed,roasted,baked,or boiled;and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout.I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children,already computed,twenty thousand may be reserved for breed,whereof only one fourth part to be males,which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle,or swine;and my reason is that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage,a circumstance not much regarded by our savages,therefore one male will be sufficient to serve four females.That the remaining hundred thousand may at a year old be offered in sale to the person of quality and fortune through the kingdom,always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month,so as to render them plump and fat for a good table.A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends，and when the family dines alone,the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish;and seasoned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day,especially in winter.23.Questions:What is the author’s proposal?What do you think is his real idea behind it?What kind of tone is shown in the passage?Explain it with specific quotations from the passage.。
山东科技大学基础英语考研真题2017—2019年
PART I GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1. The final component in the involvement factor focuses broadly on worker attitudes in _____ to motivation.A. proportionB. relationC. responseD. addition2. Poor health and lack of money may both be _____ to educational progress.A. restraintsB. scarcitiesC. contemptsD. barriers3. By signing the lease you made a (n)_____ to pay $ 400 a month rent.A. responsibilityB. commitmentC. dutyD. action4. They have always been on good _____ with their next-door neighbors.A. friendshipB. relationshipC. termsD. connection5. Many people stood outside the church during the funeral to pay _____ to the late president.A. acknowledgmentB. forbearanceC. revenueD. respect6. The shortage of adult male laborers, who were needed for agriculture, contributed to the _____ of child laborers.A. exploitationB. explorationC. explosionD. exposition7. The students showed _____ when solving the difficult math's problems.A. validityB. purityC. ingenuityD. reliability8. Your kindness in giving _____ to the consideration of the above problem will be highly appreciated.A. advantageB. importanceC. accommodationD. priority9. The _____ at the Campus Motel were not only adequate but also inexpensive.A. registrationsB. accommodationsC. reservationsD. confirmations10. Such fine-tuned strategies can only bear _____ when countries are ready to take the first step by addressing deeply set biases in their societies.A. fruitB. resultC. influenceD. interest11. Enraged by the killing of two comrades in an ambush, Serbian attackers went on a rampage, _____ 12 people they captured.D.shearingshatteringA. slaughteringB. shiveringC.12. The company lost the contract for making the clothes and _____ half its workers.A. laid outB. laid offC. laid downD. laid into13. They should never be allowed to _____ their authority and position.A. abuseB. abaseC. clarifyD. clamp14. Because of lack of proper education, a lot of local people are _____; some of them can’t even write their own names.A. literaryB. literateC. illiterateD. literal15. People who think they’re always being _____ may be suffering from a mental illness.A. extendedB. exploredC. pinchedD. persecuted16. He is not to blame because he was _____ of the new rules which were passed during his absence.A. cautiousB. consciousC. ashamedD. ignorant17. I will join the research group, _____ that my husband joins it too.A. providingB. providesC. being providedD. to provide18. _____ conventional black ink costs newspapers about thirty cents a pound, most rub resistant inks add at least ten cents more per pound to the bill.WhileA. MeanwhileB. MoreoverC.Furthermore D.19. The physicians must deal with _____ an enormous variety of human ailments that much of the time they can only apply hundreds upon hundreds of rules learned mostly by rote.sincebecause D.A. suchB. althoughC.20. I won’t have a brandy, thank you. It is not that I don’t drink, _____that I don’t drink and drive.A. but alsoB. but ratherC. otherwiseD. but because21. The dispute between the administration and the faculty members was not resolved _____ the faculty members got better working conditions.A. whenB. untilC. asD. because22. The power of the tycoons is rooted in their ownership of the economy, _____ is the norm in most societies.A. asB. forC. sinceD. because23. We went home for a coffee,_____ Tom became violently ill with food poisoning.as C.whereuponyet D.B.A.since24. The view _____ man in any sense rules over nature inevitably presumes that nature is not itself divine.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whether25. The Pope is, in Catholic belief, a direct successor of St. Peter’s, the rock on _____ Jesus Christ built his church.A. whatB. whichC. whoseD. whom26. _____ your request for a refund, we have referred the matter to our manager.A. In regard ofB. In regard forC. With regard forD. With regard to27. The children kept quiet, _____ consideration for their mother who had a stomachache.A. out ofB. forC. ofD. from。
三峡大学2019年《211翻译硕士英语》考研专业课真题试卷
population____in cities rather than in the country.
A. are living B. will be living C. have lived
D. will have lived
3. We looked for a table to sit down, but they were all____.
A. Though having never acted
B. As he had never acted
C. Despite he had never acted
D. In spite of his never having acted
2. By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority of the worl
A. organization B. delegation C. administration D. specification
13. When I got out of the car and walked about among them, ____one old man who
shook his head disapprovingly, they all began to cheer.
A. see that B. except that C. provided that D. except for
14. You must pay import ____on certain goods brought into this country.
A. money
B. fees
C. bills
D. duties
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题答案及详解共15页
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1．C解析：语义逻辑题。
第一句含义是“古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼”，第二句意思是“但是一些人提出相反的意见，轻笑可能对身体健康影响极小”，两句之间是转折关系，A、B、C、D四个选项中只有C选项表转折“尽管”，故是正确选项。
2．D解析：语义辨析题。
上下文语境是“笑确实能短期的改变”。
A. reflect“反映”，B. demand“要求”，C. indicate“表明，暗示”，D. produce“产生”，只有D 选项符合语境，所以是正确答案。
3．B解析：语义搭配题。
文中提到“笑能够心律呼吸速率。
” A. stabilizing 意思是“安定，稳定”，B. boosting“促进，推进”，C. impairing“损害，削弱”，D. determining“决定”，根据语境应该是“笑能够促进心律呼吸速率”，B为正确答案。
4．B解析：语义辨析题。
这句话意思是“但是因为大笑很难，一次狂笑不可能……”，四个选项的含义分别是 A. transmit “传播”，B. sustain“维持”，C. evaluate “评估”，D. observe“观察”，根据语境，只有B. sustain符合语境。
5．A解析：语义辨析题。
这句话意思是“一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生益处。
” A. measurable“重大的，重要的”，B. manageable“易控制的”，C. affordable“负担得起的”，D. renewable“可再生的”，四个选项中能和“益处”搭配的只有A. measurable，故是正确答案。
6．B解析：逻辑分析题。
第二段第一句是说“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确是起到了……作用”，对上文有承接还有转折的关系，A. In turn 意思是“轮流”，C. In addition是“另外”，D. In brief 意思是“简而言之”，都不符合语境，只有B. In fact“事实上”符合上下文语境，是正确选项。
山东科技大学211翻译硕士英语2019年考研真题
Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of these factors. Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community: No.1 Income growth No.2 Prevalence of single mothers (where correlation is strong, but negative) No.3 Per-capita local government spending
Passage 2 Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing
山东科技大学基础英语2004--2019年考研真题
B) fired C) fined D) filled 14. A 15-year-old girl has been arrested __________ accusations of using Instagram to anonymously threaten her high school. A) over B) with C) on D) for 15. That outburst at the meeting was ________ of his bad temper. A) illustrative B) explanatory C) expository D) revealing 16. There is no tangible evidence of dishonesty among the directors of the company. The underlined part means ________. A) tenuous B) authentic C) condescending D) substantial 17. The Civil War provided an impetus to Michigan’s growth. The underlined part means ________. A) an incentive to B) an obstacle to C) a reason for D) a delay in 18. The research requires more money than ________. A) have been put in B) has been put in C) being put in D) to be put in 19. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very _______. A) intriguing B) indefinite C) obscure D) dubious 20. High grades are supposed to ________ academic ability, but his actual performance did not confirm this. A) certify
2019考研英语真题参考答案完整版
2019考研英语真题参考答案完整版Section I: Reading ComprehensionPart A1. D2. C3. B4. A5. B6. D7. C8. A9. D 10. CPart B11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. DSection II: Use of EnglishPart A21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. D31. C 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. BPart B41. interprets 42. considered 43. enhance 44. authorities 45. complex 46. hypothetical 47. obtained 48. influence 49. abstract 50. breakthrough Section III: Listening ComprehensionPart A51. B 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. A56. B 57. A 58. C 59. A 60. CPart B61. D 62. B 63. A 64. C 65. D66. A 67. C 68. B 69. D 70. ASection IV: TranslationPart A71. The key to a successful career is continuous learning and self-improvement.Part B72. I will stay up late to finish this project, only if it is absolutely necessary.Section V: WritingPrompt: Discuss the impact of global warming on the environment and propose possible solutions.Global Warming: Impacts and SolutionsIntroduction:In recent years, the issue of global warming has become a major concern for both scientists and the general public. This essay explores the impacts of global warming on the environment and offers possible solutions to tackle this complex problem.Impacts of Global Warming:1. Rising temperatures: Global warming has resulted in a significant increase in average temperatures worldwide. This has led to the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps, threatening the habitat of many species and leading to rising sea levels.2. Extreme weather events: The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves, have been observed to increase due to global warming. These events have devastating consequences for both human beings and ecosystems.3. Disruption of ecosystems: Global warming has disrupted ecosystems by altering temperature and rainfall patterns, causing shifts in habitats and loss of biodiversity. This can lead to the extinction of vulnerable species and affect the overall balance of ecosystems.Possible Solutions:1. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions: Implementing stricter regulations and policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is crucial. This can be achieved through promoting renewable energy sources, encouraging energy efficiency, and adopting cleaner transportation methods.2. Afforestation and reforestation: Planting trees and restoring forests is an effective way to mitigate global warming. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, acting as natural carbon sinks. Additionally, forests help regulate local temperatures and support diverse ecosystems.3. Public awareness and education: Educating the public about the impacts of global warming and the importance of sustainable living is essential. This can be done through educational programs, campaigns, and media platforms to raise awareness and promote responsible environmental practices.4. International cooperation: Addressing global warming requires international collaboration. Countries must come together to shareknowledge, resources, and technologies in order to develop innovative solutions and implement effective measures on a global scale.Conclusion:In conclusion, global warming poses significant threats to the environment, including rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and ecosystem disruption. However, by implementing solutions such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, afforestation, raising public awareness, and fostering international cooperation, we can mitigate the impacts of global warming and move towards a more sustainable future for our planet.总结 (Conclusion):在这篇文章中，我们讨论了全球变暖对环境的影响，并提出了可能的解决方案。
211-翻译硕士英语 2019 A卷
姓名：报考专业：准考证号码：密封线内不要写题年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题试题科目名称：翻译硕士英语（ A 卷□B 卷）科目代码：考试时间： 3 小时 满分 100 无 □计算器 □直尺 □圆规（请在使用工具前打√）注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效；考完后试题随答题纸交回。
Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (20 points, 1 point for each) Directions: There are 20 statements in this section. After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your answer sheet.the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.Part III. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 point for each) Directions: Read the following passages and answer the questions. Choose the most appropriate answer for each question and circle the letter on the answer sheet. Remember to write the letter corresponding to the question number.Questions 31-35 are based on the following passage:The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understanding involves the peculiar roles of producer or “provider”and purchaser or “consumer”in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Such condition, however, does not prevail in most of the health-care industry.In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician — and even then there may be no real choice — it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday”, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor’s judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real “consumer”. As a consequence, the medical staff represents the “power center” in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants — the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government) —the physician makes the essential decisions for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension ofthe physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital, and for the most part the patient plays a passive role. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditures are determined by physicians, not patients. For this reason, the economy directed at patients or the general is relatively ineffective.31. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?A. To criticize doctors for exercising too much control over patients.B. To analyze some important economic factors in health-care.C. To urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authority.D. To inform potential patients of their health-care rights.32. In the health-care industry, the patients _____________.A. perform the role of being “providers”B. decide which physician to consultC. never raise questions about priceD. never consult with the doctors33. According to the author, when a doctor tells a patient to “return next Wednesday”, thedoctor is in effect _____________.A. instructing the patient to buy more medical servicesB. warning the patient that a hospital stay might be necessaryC. advising the patient to seek a second opinionD. admitting that the initial visit, was ineffective34. Doctors are able to determine hospital policies most probably because _____________.A. it is doctors who generate income for the hospitalB. a doctor is ultimately responsible for a patient’s healthC. most of the patients don’t challenge the doctor’s decisionsD. the administration doesn’t know about medicine as much as doctors35. The author is most probably leading up to _____________.A. an analysis of the role of the hospital administrationB. a study of lawsuits against doctors’ malpracticeC. a discussion of a new medical treatmentD. a proposal to control medical costsQuestions 36-40 are based on the following passage:A massive pool of warm ocean water is causing changes in the atmosphere that could produce unusual weather around the world in the next few months, the US National Weather Service reported on Monday. As a result of this phenomenon, known as El Nino, more rainfall than normal is likely this winter across some areas of the United States, with unusually warm or cold weather in other parts of the country.Currently the phenomenon is marked by a warm pool of water along the equator extending from the International Date Line nearly to the coast of South America. “That water is nearly 4 degrees Fahrenheit above normal”, explained Vernon Kousky of the climate center.This warm water “spreads almost a quarter of the way around the globe. So it’s massive and it has an impact on our weather. It has a global influence... because it disturbs the atmosphere”, said Dave Rodenhuis, director of the climate center. “El Nino is probably the most important climate event beyond the annual cycle of seasons”, he added.Because the changes tended to be first noticed around Christmas, the phenomenon was given the name El Nino, which is Spanish for child, a term often used to refer to the baby Jesus. The phenomenon occurs every three to five years, sometimes in a mild form and sometimes strongly affecting weather patterns worldwide. Details of its cause are not fully understood, but when it occurs, unusually warm air can be pumped into Canada, Alaska and the northern United States. At the same time, conditions tend to be wetter than normal along the US Southeast Coast and the Gulf of Mexico. And the Atlantic and Caribbean hurricane season tends to be milder than usual.The strong El Nino of 1982-1983 was blamed for worsening the devastating drought in Africa, causing a series or severe winter storms to come ashore in California, spawning the first typhoon to strike French Polynesia in 75 years —followed by five more in five months —deluging Peru and Ecuador with torrential rains and promoting the worst drought in two centuries in Australia.Overall damage was estimated at between $2 billion and $8 billion by a United Nations analysis and the death toll topped l,500 worldwide.36. El Nino can best be described as _____________.A. unusually long period of hot or cold weatherB. unusual changes of weather around the worldC. atmospheric change caused by warm ocean waterD. rising temperature of the ocean water and atmosphere37. The warm water is affecting the weather globally because _____________.A. its temperature is too much above normalB. it covers a vast area in the worldC. it is one of the most important climate eventsD. its influence begins from the equator38. Which of the following is TRUE about the naming of El Nino?A. The name had something to do with Christianity.B. The name was given by a religious researcher.C. The name indicates that El Nino most usually happens around Christmas.D. The name implies that the first phenomenon of El Nino appeared in Spain.39. What is least known about El Nino according to the passage?A. The climate changes caused by El Nino.B. The areas influenced by El Nino.C. How often El Nino happens.D. How El Nino is formed.40. What does the author want to tell us about El Nino by the last two paragraphs?A. The UN’s concern about it.B. The measures taken against it.C. Its intensity.D. Its frequency.Questions 41-45 are based on the following passage:In the early days of nuclear power, the United States make money on it. But today opponents have resisted its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor “meltdown”. Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U. S. public health are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But don’t expect them even on U. S. shores unless things change in Washington.The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during or even after construction, an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case when a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway.A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New York’s Long Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticut, both ordered in the mid-60’s. Millstone, completed for $101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinuclear activists who, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost over $5 billion and delayed its use for many years.Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has never produced a watt power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham startup, used his power to force New York’s public-utilities commission to accept the following settlement: the power company couldpass the cost of Shoreham along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant. Today, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of homes, sits rusting.41. What’s the author’s attitude toward the development of nuclear power?A. Negative.B. Neutral.C. Positive.D. Questioning.42. What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream?A. The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation Commission.B. The enormous cost of construction and operation.C. The length of time it takes to make investigations.D. The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.43. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. There are not enough safety measures in the U. S. for running new nuclear power plants.B. It is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in theU. S.C. There are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U. S.D. The American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in theU. S.44. Governor Mario Cuomo’s chief intention in proposing the settlement was to ____________.A. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operationB. urge the power company to further increase its power supplyC. permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditionsD. help the power company to solve its financial problems45. What does the phrase “single out” mean?A. Delay.B. End up.C. Complete.D. Separate.Questions 46-50 are based on the following passage:A lot of animals are afraid during an eclipse of the sun. Birds stop singing. Sometimes people too are afraid. Astronomers know the dates of eclipses and they are not afraid. The old astronomers of Babylon and Egypt had no telescopes; but the sky in those countries was usually clear, so they could watch the stars easily. They studied everything in the sky and they also noticed both total and partial eclipses.Because they knew the dates of eclipses, they had great power. People believed that the sky was important. They believed that an eclipse could kill a man.About 2500 years ago there was a very long war. One battle followed another, and the end never came. During one of the battles, there was a partial eclipse of the sun. The day got very dark, and the soldiers on both sides were filled with fear. They believed that the gods were angry. So they stopped fighting, and ended their long war.The sun is a star. It appears to be bigger than any other star. That is because it is near us; but the other stars are far away. The sun shines because it is very hot, but the moon shines because it reflects the sun’s light. It is like a big mirror. If we visited the moon, we should see the earth. It is also like a mirror and it reflects the light of the sun.Does the sun ever get dark during the day? It does so when the moon hides it. Sometimes the moon goes in front of the sun. We can watch its edge when it slowly crosses the sun’s disc. Everything gets darker and darker; then, at last, we cannot see any part of the sun’s disc. The moon is hiding it completely. That is a total eclipse of the sun; sometimes only part of the sun’s disc is hidden; that is not a total eclipse. It is a partial eclipse of the sun.46. What is the passage mainly about?A. The old astronomers.B. Eclipse of the sun.C. The eclipses in Babylon and Egypt.D. The correlation between the sun and the earth.47. What can be concluded from the passage?A. All people are afraid of eclipse of the sun.B. The old astronomers could watch the stars easily with telescopes.C. The old astronomers had no interest in the sky.D. The date of eclipse could be forecast.48. Why did the war mentioned in the Paragraph 3 end?A. Because the astronomers used their great power to stop it.B. Because an eclipse killed the soldiers on both sides.C. Because the war took so long time that the soldiers felt tired.D. Because a partial eclipse of the sun happened during one of the battles.49. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The sun is very hot because it shines.B. The moon can shine because it is a star.C. Other stars appear to be smaller than the sun because they are far away.D. The earth cannot reflect the light of the sun because it isn’t a real mirror.50. Why does an eclipse of the sun happen according to the passage?A. Because the moon passes between the sun and the earth.B. Because the sun gets dark during the day.C. Because the earth’s shadow falls on the moon.D. Because no light from the sun can reach the moon.Part IV. Writing (30 points)51.Directions: Nowadays cultural self-confidence is a hot topic in China. Some。
山东科技大学836英语综合2019年考研真题
B. Phatic
C. Informative D. interrogative
4. Which of the following expressions is not derived from LOVE IS A WAR?
A. 情敌 B. 白头偕老 C. 赢得芳心 D.你伤害了我，却一笑而过
5. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless labio-dental fricative?
can be explained by ___________.
A. code-switching B. register C. bilingualism D. motivation
9. “壁咚”is created from_________.
A. blending
B. acronym C. borrowing
2. Which of the following is an initialism?
A. UNESCO
B. WI-FI
C. APEC
D. VIP
3. The function of the sentence “Nasty weather, isn’t it?” is______
A. Directive
synchronic linguistics. 2. Pragmatics is the application of linguistic theories to language teaching and learnin
g. 3. The root of unhappiness is happy. 4. There are five long vowels in Englsh. 5. “上级”and “下级” are complementary antonymy. 6. The smallest unit in English is morpheme . 7. Adjectives and complete sentences are all constituents. 8. “I chased the dog”and “I am chasing the dog”are derived form the same deep
2018年山东科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2018年山东科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)Reading ComprehensionPassage 1The story that traces life from sea to land then into the multiple niches that exist there for a great variety lo living things is a fascinating one, but far too detailed for our purposes. One key point for us in that story is the emergence of the biological class of animals that are called mammals.Mammals have a number of features that distinguish them from the reptiles from which they developed. They are warm blooded; that is, they have a system of temperature control that keeps the body at a constant temperature. Mammals have a set of teeth of different shapes that serve different functions such as cutting, gouging, and grinding. Young mammals spend their earliest days of development shielded within the mother’s body and are then born live, rather than hatching from eggs. In addition, after birth they are nourished by milk provided by the mother’s mammary glands. The enforced association between mother and infant provides an opportunity for learning that does not exist for those kinds of creatures that are hatched from eggs long after their parents have departed from the scene. Young mammals play—something that amphibians and reptiles never do—which provides additional learning opportunities.The foregoing list leaves little doubt that we are mammals. There are, of course, a great many kinds of mammals, most of which developed after the great extinction of dinosaurs and other reptiles about 65 million years ago that opened opportunities for the few small mammals that were already in existence. One of the groups of mammals that resulted was a biological order called Primates which includes monkeys, apes, humans, and some smaller creatures familiar only to ardent zoo goers. Primates share a number of behavioral features that have played important roles in their evolutionary development. Most primates are arboreal; that is, they spend their lives in and among trees. Their tree-climbing and tree-dwelling habits impose needs that are reflected in primate anatomy. Although diet varies from species to species, many primates are largely vegetarian. But they can eat and digest meat, and some species vary their diets of leaves, shoots, and fruits by eating insects, birds’ eggs, and even small animals. Primates are hand-feeders, depending on their hands both to collect food and to get it into their mouths.Perhaps the most important feature of their behavior is that primates are social animals. Their genetics, habits, and even their survival are geared to living in groups. Although human beings **e to have a way of life very different from that of typical primates, the basic primate adaption provided prehumans with capabilities that allowed them to become culture-builders.The anatomical features that separate primates from other kinds of animals relate clearly to the way primates behave.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhere do you think is the passage from?ANewspaperBGazetteCJournalDScience magazine该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D从全文内容来看，文章主要讲述了哺乳类及灵长目动物的特点及生活习惯等，属于科普类文章，所以最有可能刊登在科学杂志上。
山东科技大学翻译硕士真题
一、次の文の下線をつけた言葉の読み方を一つ選びなさい。
（0.5×10＝5点）問：天井から雨水が漏れ、床が水浸しになってしまった。
1、天井 aてんい ｂてんこ ｃてんしょう ｄてんじょう2、雨水 aあめみず ｂあまみず ｃうすい ｄうみず3、漏れ aこぼれ ｂたれ ｃもれ ｄとれ4、水浸し aすいしんしｂすいじん ｃみずひたし ｄみずびたし問：校内では禁煙になっております。
おタバコはご遠慮ください。
5、校内 aこうない ｂこない ｃこうなか ｄこなか6、禁煙 aきえん ｂきんえん ｃきつえん ｄけんえん7、遠慮 aえんりょ ｂえんりょうｃとおりょ ｄとうりょう問：浜辺で若いカップルが貝殻を拾っているそばを、子供たちが駆けている。
8、浜辺 aひんべ ｂひんべん ｃはまべ ｄはまべん9、貝殻 aかいがら ｂかいから ｃかいかく ｄかいがく10、駆けてaつけて ｂふざけて ｃかけて ｄついて二、次の文の下線をつけた言葉の漢字を一つ選びなさい。
（0.5×10＝5点）問：人々のこのみが、かくじつに変わってきている。
へんけんやせんにゅう観を捨てた。
本物しこうの人々が増えてきているのである。
そのはいけいにあるのが、豊かさ、ゆとりである。
11、このみ a恋み ｂ喜み ｃ好み ｄ愉み12、かくじつ a隔日 ｂ確日 ｃ覚実 ｄ確実13、へんけん a偏激 ｂ偏覚 ｃ偏見 ｄ変見14、せんにゅうa先入 ｂ潜入 ｃ専入 ｄ選入15、しこう a指向 ｂ思考 ｃ嗜好 ｄ志向16、はいけい a拝啓 ｂ背景 ｃ拝敬 ｄ俳敬問：実はこの大理石はてんねんのではなくて、じんぞうなのですが、ほんものと変わらないということで、非常ににんきが高いです。
17、てんねん a天燃 ｂ天然 ｃ天捻 ｄ天粘18、じんぞう a人造 ｂ人像 ｃ人相 ｄ人創20、にんき a人気 ｂ人喜 ｃ人縁 ｄ人楽三、正しい答えを一つ選びなさい。
（0.5×26＝13点）21、彼女の部屋の前を変な男が＿＿していた。
山东科技大学英语综合考研真题
第一部分：英语语言学知识（共100分）一．Define the following terms, using examples where necessary.(每题2分，共20分)1.arbitrariness2.morphophonemics3.assimilation4.root5.converse antonymy6.paradigmatic relation7.interlanguage8.deep structure9.suprasegmental features10.concordance二．Multiple choice. (每题1分，共20分)1．Phatic is one of the language ______________.A. formsB. structuresC. patternsD. functions2. Diachronic linguistics is a study of language____________.A. in ancient timesB. in modern timesC. at different placesD. over a certain period of time3. __________is one of the suprasegmental features.A. StopB. V oicingC. DeletionD. Tone4. Narrow transcription is the phonetic transcription with__________.A. diacriticsB. distinctive featuresC. voicingD. articulation5. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies_______, and of the rules by which words are formed.A. the external structure of wordsB. the internal structure of wordsC. the surface structure of wordsD. the deep structure of words6. _______ refers to a type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language.A. BorrowingB. Back-formationC. AcronymD. Analogical creation7. According to construction types, prepositional phrases such as “in the classroom” is regarded as a(n)____________construction.A. exocentricB. endocentricC. subordinateD. coordinate8. Semantics is ___________________.A. element of meaning which combine in different ways to make up the denotation ofdifferent lexical items.B. a general variable of universal grammarC. the study of meaning as encoded in language.D. the study of what people mean by language when they use it in the normal context of sociallife.9. If the study of meaning is conducted in the context of language use, a branch of linguistic study called ________comes into being.A. syntaxB. semanticsC. pragmaticsD. morphology10. Which of the following is not the concern of psycholinguistics?A. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when we use language.B. It focuses on the way of processing the information we receive in the course ofcommunication.C. It pays more attention to the study of language acquisition in children.D. It relates the social norms that determine the type of language to be used in a certainoccasion.11. Error analysis is____________________.A. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of teaching methodsB. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of language learnersC. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of language acquisitionD. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of learning style preferences12. Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This variety of individual users is called “___________”.A. social dialectB. regional dialectC. temporal dialectD. idiolect13. Dialectology is________________.A. the search for spatially determined differences in various aspects of languageB. the search for geographically determined differences in various aspects of languageC. the search for spatially and geographically determined differences in various aspects oflanguageD. the search for geographically determined differences in an aspect of language14. A speaker may change from one dialect to another according to his subject matter, the required formality and other factors in the course of communication. This linguistic behaviour isreferred to as __________________.A. bilingualismB. code-switchingC. dialectD. register15. _____________may be said to be equivalent to speaker’s meaning, contextual meaning, or extra meaning.A. Locutionary actB. Perlocutionary actC. Illocutionary forceD. Performatives16. The Indirect Speech Act was developed by ____________.A. John AustinB. LevinsonC. John LyonsD. John Searle17. Stylistics is _______________.A. varieties of language used by an individual appropriate to a level of formalityB. the study of how literary effects can be related to linguistics featureC. unit of sound consisting of a vowel (with or without consonants)D. fixed and prejudicial patterns of thought about kinds of people that are often mistaken18. The theoretical linguistic background of the audiolingual method is _____________.A. Latin grammarB. audiolingualismC. structuralismD. generative-transformational grammar19. Who first used the term “communicative competence” in deliberate contrast to Chomsky’s “linguistic competence”?A. SternB. AsherC. KrashenD. Hymes20. Functional linguistic is _____________________.A. the study of the forms of language in reference to their social function in communicationB. the study of language abstract forms of language and their internal relationC. the study of language use in its social contextD. the study of what people mean by language when they use it in the normal context of sociallife三. True or false questions. (每题1分，共15分)1．The traffic light system does not possess duality because there is only simple one to one relationship between signs and meaning.2. Phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics are branches of linguistics.3. The sound [p] in the word “expensive ” is pronounced as a voiceless consonant.4. Allophones are described in phonetic terms.5. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as oneword. This is called structural stability.6. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with verbs when converted to nouns.7. Government is a type of control in which a word of a certain class determines the form ofothers in terms of certain category.8. An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlikeentailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true.9. Pairs of words like good/bad, long/short, big/small are examples of converse antonyms.10. The term “accent” refers to differences between languages which are different in vocabulary,grammar and pronunciation.11. At the age of two, children can master the essentials of their mother tongue.12. Austin claims that there are two types of sentences: performatives and constatives.13. Text is a prosodic unit.14. Classified by different aims, there are four major types of test: aptitude test, attitude test,proficiency test and achievement test.15. An important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language interms of function.四．Give the description of the following sounds. (每题1分，共5分)1．[ s ]2. [g ]3. [ j ]4. [ p ]5. [ ]五．Work out the tree diagrams of the following ambiguities through IC analysis.(第1题3分，第2题2分，共5分)1. my small child’s cot2. Leave the book on the shelf.六．Answer the following questions briefly. (每题3分，共15分)1. What functions include in Halliday’s theory of metafunctions of language?2. What are endocentric construction and exocentric construction? Exemplify the two notions.3. What is Pro-form? Explain with examples.七．Discussions. (每题10分，共20分)1. Comment on how and why the following exchange of conversation violates the cooperative principle.A. Isn’t her new dress beautiful?B. The color is nice.2. Why can’t we have the English consonant clusters such as *hepl, *lupm, *rpay, *lkaps, or *wqick etc. in onset and coda positions? Explain with examples.第二部分 英美文学知识（共50分）一. “Crossing the Bar” is a poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson. It is thought that Tennyson wrote it as his own elegy, as the poem has a tone of finality about it. Read the last stanza of the poem and answer the two questions.For though from out our bourn of Time and PlaceThe flood may bear me far,I hope to see my Pilot face to faceWhen I have crost the bar.1. What does “crossing the Bar” mean? (5 points)2. Explain the implied meaning of “I hope to see my Pilot face to face” (5 points)二. The following is from Song of Myself, an American epic loosely following a quest pattern.I CELEBRATE myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.3. Please comment on its style and ideas. (10 points)三. Read the following excerpt from Chapter XXIII, Jane Eyre and answer the questions that follow.“I grieve to leave Thornfield: I love Thornfield: - I love it, because I have lived in it a full and delightful life, - momentarily at least. I have not been trampled on. I have not been petrified. I have not been buried with inferior minds, and excluded from every glimpse of communion with what is bright and energetic and high. I have talked, face to face, with what I reverence, with what I delight in, - with an original, a vigorous, an expanded mind. I have known you, Mr. Rochester; and it strikes me with terror and anguish to feel I absolutely must be torn from you forever. I see the necessity of departure; and it is like looking on the necessity of death.”… …“I tell you I must go!” I retorted, roused to something like passion. “Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton? - a machine without feelings? and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! - I have as much soul as you, - and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh; - it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God's feet, equal, - as we are!”4. What are Jane’s chief concerns over her love of Rochester? (15 points)5. What feelings does she have for Rochester and why? (15 points)。
山东大学211翻译硕士英语专业课考研真题(2019年)
山东大学专业课考研真题（211翻译硕士英语）
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山东科技大学英语翻译基础考研真题2018—2019年
山东科技大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语翻译基础试卷I.Directions:Translate the following phrases into their target language respectively.There are altogether20phrases with one point for each in this part of the test.(20points)1.IOC2.OPEC3.NATO4.IMF5.UNICEF6.fair and square7.greenhouse effects8.blue chip9.science fiction10.light manners11.贸易顺差12.金融危机13.战略目标14.生态保护15.电脑病毒16.联合国秘书长17.全国人大18.条形码19.团圆饭20.象牙之塔II.Directions:Translate the following sentences into their target language respectively.There are altogether10sentences with3 points for each in this part of the test.(30points)21.It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar.22.Each country,whether it is large or small,has right to determine its ownform of government and its own course of development,free of outsideinterference or domination.23.Only by being well acquainted with each other can we be free fromsuspicions,and only without suspicions can we always keep bosom friends with each other.24.The meetings were marked by such absence of lively discussions that attimes they were almost on the point of breaking up.25.E-commerce is a challenging and dynamic area where change,growth andinnovation are the norm.26.欧洲人的习惯随着超市、购物中心和汽车的增多，以及住房的现代化而发生了变化。
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Part I Reading Comprehension(2*25=50points)
Directions:There are five passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Decide on the best choice.
Passage1
Economic inequality is the“defining challenge of our time,”President Barack Obama declared in a speech last month to the Center for American Progress.Inequality is dangerous,he argued,not merely because it doesn’t look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor,but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility,making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty.“Increased inequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream,”he said.
Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality. Public Enemy No.1and the greatest threat to reducing poverty in America.A number of prominent economists have also argued that it’s harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs in that ladder have grown farther apart.
For all the new attention devoted to the1percent,a new data set from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that,if we care about upward mobility overall,we’re vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich-poor gap.Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility,as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data.So what factors,at the community level,do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adults?What explains, for instance,why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the100largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?
Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation,community density,the size of a community’s middle class,the quality of schools,community religiosity,and family structure,which he calls the“single strongest correlate of upward mobility.”Chetty finds that。