格里高利.曼昆宏观经济学期末试卷
宏观经济学期末考试试卷(附答案)
一、[请单击此处编辑题目] (每小题分，共分)一、选择题(本题包含30小题，每题？分，共？分)1．Real GDPa. evaluates current production at current prices.b. evaluates current production at the prices that prevailed in some specific year inthe past.c. is not a valid measure of the economy's performance, since prices change from yearto year.d. is a measure of the value of goods only, hence, it excludes the value of services.2．The steps involved in calculating the consumer price index include, in order:a. choose a base year, fix the basket, compute the inflation rate, compute the basket'scost, and compute the index.b. choose a base year, find the prices, fix the basket, compute the basket's cost, andcompute the index.c. fix the basket, find the prices, compute the basket's cost, choose a base year andcompute the index.d. fix the basket, find the prices, compute the inflation rate, choose a base year andcompute the index.3．Suppose the price of a quart of milk rises from $1 to $1.25 and the price of a T-shirt rises from $8 to $10. If the CPI rises from 150 to 175 people will likely buya. more milk and more T-shirts.b. more milk and fewer T-shirts.c. less milk and more T-shirts.d. less milk and fewer T-shirts.4．Which of the following is correct?a. Countries with the highest growth rates over the last 100 years are the ones thathad the highest level of real GDP 100 years ago.b. Most countries have had little fluctuation around their average growth ratesduring the past 100 years.c. The ranking of countries by income changes substantially over time.d. Over the last 100 years, Japan had the highest real GDP growth rate, and now has the highest real GDPper person.5．Using the production function and notation in the text, K/L measuresa. natural resources per worker.b. human capital per worker.c. output per worker.d. physical capital per worker.6．Index fundsa. typically have about the same rate of return as more actively managed funds.b. typically have lower rates of return than more actively managed funds.c. contain the stocks and bonds from a single Standard Index Classification of industry.d. typically have higher rates of return than more actively managed funds.7．In a closed economy, national saving equalsa. investment.b. income minus the sum of consumption and government expenditures.c. private saving plus public saving.d. All of the above are correct.8．At which interest rate is the present value of $162.24 two years from today equal to $150 today?a. 4 percentb. 5 percentc. 6 percentd. None of the above are correct to the nearest penny.9．Which of the following is incorrect?a. Frictional unemployment is inevitable in a dynamic economy.b. Although the unemployment created by sectoral shifts is unfortunate, in the long run such changes leadto higher productivity and higher living standards.c. At least 10 percent of U.S. manufacturing jobs are destroyed every year.d. In a typical month more than 5 percent of workers leave their jobs.10．Use the balance sheet for the following question.Last Bank of Cedar BendAssets LiabilitiesReserves $25,000 Deposits $150,000Loans $125,000If the reserve requirement is 10 percent, this banka. is in a position to make a new loan of $15,000.b. has less reserves than required.c. has excess reserves of less than $15,000.d. None of the above are correct.11．Which of the following lists ranks the Fed's monetary policy tools from most to least frequently used?a. discount rate changes, reserve requirement changes, open market transactionsb. reserve requirement changes, open market transactions, discount rate changesc. open market transactions, discount rate changes, reserve requirement changesd. None of the above lists ranks the tools correctly.12．A decrease in the money supply creates an excessa. supply of money that is eliminated by rising prices.b. supply of money that is eliminated by falling prices.c. demand for money that is eliminated by rising prices.d. demand for money that is eliminated by falling prices.13．Given a nominal interest rate of 6 percent, in which case would you earn the lowest after-tax real rate of interest?a. Inflation is 4 percent; the tax rate is 25 percent.b. Inflation is 3 percent; the tax rate is 20 percent.c. Inflation is 2 percent; the tax rate is 15 percent.d. The after-tax real interest rate is the same for all of the above.14．In recent years, U.S. net capital outflow wasa. positive and net exports were negative.b. positive and net exports were positive.c. negative and net exports were negative.d. negative and net exports were positive.15．If a country has business opportunities that are relatively attractive to other countries, we would expect it to havea. both positive net exports and positive net capital outflow.b. both negative net exports and negative net capital outflow.c. positive net exports and negative net capital outflow.d. negative net exports and positive net capital outflow.16．On behalf of your firm, you make frequent trips to Hong Kong. You notice that you always have to pay more dollars to get enough local currency to get your hair styled than you have to pay to get your hair styled in the United States. This isa. inconsistent with purchasing-power parity, but might be explained by limited opportunities forarbitrage in hairstyling across international borders.b. consistent with purchasing-power parity if prices in Hong Kong are rising more rapidly than prices inthe United States.c. consistent with purchasing-power parity if prices in Hong Kong are rising less rapidly than prices in theUnited States.d. None of the above is correct.17．Ceteris paribus, if the Canadian real interest rate were to increase, Canadian net capital outflowa. and net capital outflow of other countries would rise.b. and net capital outflow of other countries would fall.c. would rise, while net capital outflow of other countries would fall.d. would fall, while net capital outflow of other countries would rise.18．If a government increases its budget deficit, then the real exchange ratea. and domestic investment rise.b. and domestic investment fall.c. rises and domestic investment falls.d. falls and domestic investment rises.19．Which of the following is the correct way to show the effects of a new import quota?a. shift the demand for loanable funds right, the supply of dollars for foreign exchange right, and thedemand for dollars leftb. shift the demand for loanable funds right, and the supply of dollars for foreign exchange leftc. shift the demand for dollars for foreign exchange leftd. None of the above is correct.20．A large and sudden movement of funds out of a country is calleda. arbitrage.b. capital flight.c. crowding out.d. capital mobility.21．Aggregate demand shifts right when the governmenta. raises personal income taxes.b. increases the money supply.c. repeals an investment tax credit.d. All of the above are correct.22．If people want to save more for retirementa. or if the government raises taxes, aggregate demand shifts right.b. or if the government raises taxes, aggregate demand shifts left.c. aggregate demand shifts right. If the government raises taxes, aggregate demandshifts left.d. aggregate demand shifts left. If the government raises taxes, aggregate demandshifts right.23．n the mid-1970s the price of oil rose dramatically. Thisa. shifted aggregate supply left.b. caused U.S. prices to fall.c. was the consequence of OPEC increasing oil production.d. All of the above are correct.24．Liquidity refers toa. the relation between the price and interest rate of an asset.b. the risk of an asset relative to its selling price.c. the ease with which an asset is converted into a medium of exchange.d. the sensitivity of investment spending to changes in the interest rate. 25．When the interest rate increases, the opportunity cost of holding moneya. increases, so the quantity of money demanded increases.b. increases, so the quantity of money demanded decreases.c. decreases, so the quantity of money demanded increases.d. decreases, so the quantity of money demanded decreases.26．Which of the following properly describes the interest rate effect?a. As the money supply increases, the interest rate falls, so spending rises.b. As the money supply increases, the interest rate rises, so spending falls.c. As the price level increases, the interest rate falls, so spending rises.d. As the price level increases, the interest rate rises, so spending falls.27．An increase in government spending initially and primarily shiftsa. aggregate demand right.b. aggregate demand left.c. aggregate supply right.d. neither aggregate demand nor aggregate supply.28．The reduction in demand that results when a fiscal expansion raises the interest rate is called thea. multiplier effect.b. crowding-out effect.c. accelerator effect.d. Riccardian equivalence effect.29．One determinant of the natural rate of unemployment is thea. rate of growth of the money supply.b. minimum wage rate.c. expected inflation rate.d. All of the above are correct.30．An increase in the expected rate of inflation shiftsa. only the short-run Phillips curve right.b. only the short-run Phillips curve left.c. both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves to the right.d. both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves to the left.二、判断题(本题包含20小题，每题？分，共？分)T 31．If nominal GDP is 10,000 and real GDP is 8,000 the GDP deflator is 125.F 32．International data on the history of real GDP growth rates shows that the rich countriesget richer and the poor countries get poorer.T 33．One of the reasons that African countries may have grown slower than other countries is that many have high barriers to trade.F 34．When the U.S. government is in debt, it follows that they have a deficit.F 35．The future value of $1 saved today is $1/(1 + r).T 36．The market for insurance is one example of reducing risk by using diversification.F 37．Someone who is without work but is not looking for work would be counted asunemployed by the BLS.T 38．Union workers earn about 10 percent to 20 percent more than similar workers who do not belong to unions.F 39．Because of the multiple tools at its disposal, the Fed is precise in its control of themoney supply.T 40．Inflation distorts savings because people pay taxes on their nominal rather than their real interest income.T 41．In an open economy, U.S. national savings can be less than U.S. investment.F 42．If the real interest rate were above the equilibrium rate, there would be a shortage ofloanable funds.T 43．Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affect specific firms and industries.T 44．When output rises, unemployment falls.F 45．The explanations for the slopes of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curvesare the same as the explanations for the slope of demand and supply curves forspecific goods and services.T 46．A decrease in the price level makes consumers feel wealthier, so they purchase more. This logic helps explain why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward.T 47．In liquidity preference theory, an increase in the interest rate decreases the quantity of money demanded, but does not shift the money demand curve.T 48．In principle the government could increase the money supply or government expenditures to try to offset the effects of a wave of pessimism about the future of the economy.F 49．In the long run, the natural rate of unemployment depends primarily on the growth rate of the moneysupply.F 50．A policy change that reduced the natural rate of unemployment would shift both the long-runaggregate-supply curve and the long-run Phillips curve left.三、名词解释(本题包含5小题，每题？分，共？分)51．human capital:52．exports:53．trade policy:54．aggregate-demand curve:55．crowding-out effect:四、简答题(本题包含8小题，每题？分，共？分)56．Why is productivity related to the standard of living? In your answer be sure to explain what productivity and standard of living mean. Make a list of things that determine labor productivity.57．Draw and label a graph showing equilibrium in the market for loanable funds.58．Founders of the Federal Reserve were concerned that the Fed might form policy favorable to one part of the country or to a particular party. What are some ways that the organization of the Fed reflects suchconcerns?59．Suppose that monetary neutrality holds. Of the following variables, which ones do not change when the money supply increases?a. real interest ratesb. inflationc. the price leveld. real outpute. real wagesf. nominal wages60．The long-run trend in real GDP is upward. How is this possible given business cycles?What explains the upward trend?61．Discuss what economists believe is different about the long and short run.62．Suppose that consumers become pessimistic about the future health of the economy, andso cut back on their consumption spending. What will happen to aggregate demandand to output? What might the president and Congress have to do to keep outputstable?63．Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?参考答案1.b2.c3.d4.c5.d6.d7.d8.a9.d 10.c 11.c 12.d 13.a 14.c 15.b 16.a 17.d 18.c 19.d 20.b 21.b 22.b 23.a 24.c25.b 26.d 27.a 28.b 29.b 30.a31.T 32.F 33.T 34.F 35.F 36.T 37.F 38.T 39.F 40.T 41.T 42.F 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.F 50.F51.the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience.52.goods and services that are produced domestically and sold abroad.53.a government policy that directly influences the quantity of goods and services thata country imports or exports.54.a curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at each price level.55.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.56.The standard of living is a measure of how well people live. Income per person is animportant dimension of the standard of living and is positively correlated with other things such as nutrition and life expectancy that make people better off. Productivity measures how much people can produce in an hour. As productivity increases, people can produce more (and use less to produce the same amount) and so their standard of living increases.The factors that determine labor productivity include the amounts of physical capital (equipment and structures), human capital (knowledge and skills), and natural resources available to workers, as well as the state of technological knowledge insociety.57.Market for Loanable Funds58. 1. The president appoints the Board of Governors, but the Senate must approve them.2. The seven members of the Board of Governors serve 14-year terms, so it is unlikelythat a single president will have appointed most of them.3. The Federal Reserve has 12 regional banks.4. The presidents of the regional banks serve on the FOMC on a rotating basis. 59. a. real interest ratesd. real outputd. real wages60.There are occasional short-lived periods of negative real GDP growth. However, in most years real GDP increases. The years of increase are more frequent and the increases large enough that over long periods of time real GDP increases despite the occasional declines. The long-run upward trend in real GDP is due to increases in the labor force and capital stock, and advances in technological knowledge.61.Most economists believe that in the long run, real variables are not affected by nominal variables. So, forexample, changes in the money supply do not change real variables in the long run. However, mosteconomists believe that nominal variables to do change real variables in the short run.62.As consumers become pessimistic about the future of the economy, they cut their expenditures so thataggregate demand shifts left and output falls. The president and Congress could adjust fiscal policy to increase aggregate demand. They could either increase government spending, or cut taxes, or both.63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy. By the time the president andCongress can agree to and pass legislation changing expenditures or taxes, the recession may have ended.The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy.。
(完整版)格里高利.曼昆宏观经济学期末试卷
《宏观经济学》模拟试题及参考答案第Ⅰ部分模拟试题一、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1、平均消费倾向表示消费支出与可支配收入之比。
2、在二部门经济中，均衡的国民收入是总支出和国民收入相等时的国民收入。
3、宏观财政政策包括财政收入政策和财政支出政策。
4、交易余额和预防余额主要取决于国民收入，投机余额主要取决于利息率。
5、宏观货币政策的主要内容有调整法定准备金率、公开市场操作、调整贴现率。
二、判断题（下列各题，如果您认为正确，请在题后的括号中打上“√”号，否则请打上“×”号，每题1分，共10分）1、财政政策的内在稳定器有助于缓和经济的波动。
（对）2、从短期来说，当居民的可支配收入为0时，消费支出也为0。
（×）。
3、消费曲线的斜率等于边际消费倾向。
（√）4、当某种商品的价格上涨时，我们就可以说，发生了通货膨胀。
（×），5、投机动机的货币需求是国民收入的递增函数。
（×）6、当投资增加时，IS曲线向右移动。
（对）7、在IS曲线的右侧，I<S。
（对）8、国内生产总值等于各种最终产品和中间产品的价值总和。
（错）9、在国内生产总值的计算中，所谓商品，只包括有形的实物产品。
（错）。
10、边际消费倾向是大于1的正数。
（错）三、单项选择题（请从下列各题后的三个被选答案中选出一个正确答案，并将其代号填入括号中，每题2分，共20分）1、消费曲线位于45º线的上方表明，储蓄是（ c ）。
A、正数B、0C、负数2、在边际储蓄倾向等于20%时，边际消费倾向等于（ b ）。
A、20%B、80%C、30%3、当总需求增加时，国民收入将（c ）。
A、减少B、不变C、增加4、假定边际储蓄倾向等于20%，则增加100万美元的投资，可使国民收入增加（b ）。
A、200万美元B、500万美元C、800万美元5、哪一对变量对国民收入具有同样大的乘数作用（b ）。
A、政府支出和政府减税B、消费支出和投资支出C、政府减税和政府支出6、假定边际消费倾向等于60%，政府同时增加20万美元的支出和税收，将使国民收入（a ）。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷1(附答案)
一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．The government reports that "GDP increased by 1.6 percent in the last quarter." This statement means that GDP increaseda. by 6.4 percent for the year.b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter.c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter.d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter.2．A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls increases, the GDP deflatora. and the CPI both increase.b. is unchanged and the CPI increases.c. increases and the CPI is unchanged.d. and the CPI are unchanged.3．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.4．A nation's standard of living is measured by itsa. real GDP.b. real GDP per person.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GDP per person.5．In 2002 President Bush imposed restrictions on imports of steel to protect the U.S.steel industry.a. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverseeffects on growth.b. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.c. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on growth.d. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.6．Generally when economists and the text talk of the "interest rate," they are talking about thea. real interest rate.b. current nominal interest rate.c. real interest rate minus the inflation rate.d. equilibrium nominal interest rate.7．An increase in the budget deficita. makes investment spending fall.b. makes investment spending rise.c. does not affect investment spending.d. may increase, decrease, or not affect investment spending.8．Norne Corporation is considering building a new plant. It will cost them $1 million today to build it and it will generate revenues of $1,121 million three years from today. Of the interest rates below, which is the highest interest rate at which Norne would still be willing to build the plant?a. 3 percentb. 3.5 percentc. 4 percentd. 4.5 percent9．Recent entrants into the labor force account for abouta. 1/2 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.b. 1/3 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.c. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.d. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force10．Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money?a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, , indollars.b. You pay for your WNBA tickets with dollars.c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.d. None of the above is correct.11．Current U.S. currency isa. fiat money with intrinsic value.b. fiat money with no intrinsic value.c. commodity money with intrinsic value.d. commodity money with no intrinsic value.12．Velocity in the country of Shem is always stable. In 2002, the money supply was $200 billion and the GDP price deflator was four times as high as it was in the base year. In 2003, the money supply increased to $240 billion, the price level increased by 15 percent, and nominal GDP equaled $1,200 billion. By how much did real GDP increase between 2002 and 2003?a. 20 percentb. 4.35 percentc. 2.17 percentd. There is not enough information to answer the question.13．Shoeleather costs refer toa. the cost of more frequent price changes induced by higher inflation.b. the distortion in resource allocation created by distortions in relative prices dueto inflation.c. resources used to maintain lower money holdings when inflation is high.d. the distortion in incentives created by inflation by taxes that do not adjust forinflation.14．International tradea. raises the standard of living in all trading countries.b. lowers the standard of living in all trading countries.c. leaves the standard of living unchanged.d. raises the standard of living for importing countries and lowers it for exporting countries.15．Which of the following would be U.S. foreign portfolio investment?a. Disney builds a new amusement park near Rome, Italy.b. Your economics professor buys stock in companies located in Eastern European countries.c. A Dutch hotel chain opens a new hotel in the United States.d. A citizen of Singapore buys a bond issued by a U.S. corporation.16．A Venezuelan firm purchases earth-moving equipment from a U.S. company and pays for it with domestic currency. This transactiona. increases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.b. increases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.c. decreases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.d. decreases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.17．At the equilibrium interest rate in the open economy macroeconomic model, the amount that people want to save equals the desired quantity ofa. net capital outflow.b. domestic investment.c. net capital outflow plus domestic investment.d. foreign currency supplied.18．In an open economy,a. net capital outflow = imports.b. net capital outflow = net exports.c. net capital outflow = exports.d. None of the above is correct.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, the real exchange rate is determined in the market where dollars are exchanged for foreign currency by the equality of the supply of dollars, which comes froma. U.S. national saving and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.b. U.S. net capital outflow and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.c. domestic investment and the demand for U.S. net exports.d. foreign demand for U.S. goods and U.S. demand for foreign goods.20．If a government increases its budget deficit, then interest ratesa. rise and the trade balance moves toward surplus.b. rise and the trade balance moves toward deficit.c. fall and the trade balance moves toward surplus.d. fall and the trade balance moves toward deficit.21．Investment spending decreases when the price levela. rises causing interest rates to rise.b. rises causing interest rates to fall.c. falls causing interest rates to rise.d. falls causing interest rates to fall.22．An increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP in the short run could be created bya. an increase in the money supply.b. an increase in government expenditures.c. a fall in stock prices.d. bad weather in farm states.23．Which part of real GDP fluctuates most over the course of the business cycle?a. consumptionb. government expendituresc. investmentd. net exports24．According to liquidity preference theory, the price level and interest rate area. positively related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.b. inversely related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.c. positively related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are inverselyrelated.d. inversely related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are positivelyrelated.25．Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?a. an increase in the price levelb. an increase in the money supplyc. a decrease in the price leveld. a decrease in the money supply26．If the Fed conducts open-market sales, the money supplya. increases and aggregate demand shifts right.b. increases and aggregate demand shifts left.c. decreases and aggregate demand shifts right.d. decreases and aggregate demand shifts left.27．Some economists argue thata. monetary policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.b. fiscal policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.c. fiscal policy can be used to shift the AD curve.d. All of the above are correct.28．The lag problem associated with monetary policy is due mostly toa. the fact that business firms make investment plans far in advance.b. the political system of checks and balances that slows down the process of determining monetarypolicy.c. the time it takes for changes in government spending to affect the interest rate.d. All of the above are correct.29．A. W. Phillips' findings were based on dataa. from 1861-1957 for the United Kingdom.b. from 1861-1957 for the United States.c. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United Kingdom.d. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United States.30．Which of the following is true concerning the long-run Phillips curve?a. Its position is determined primarily by monetary factors.b. If it shifts right, long-run aggregate supply shifts right.c. It cannot be changed by any government policy.d. its position depends on the natural rate of unemployment.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．The government component of GDP includes salaries paid to Army generals but not Social Security benefits to the elderly.32．An increase in the saving rate does not permanently increases the growth rate of real GDP per person.33．In ten years when you are the owner of a major U.S. corporation, if your corporation opens and operates a branch in a foreign country you will be engaging in foreign direct investment.34．Corporations receive no proceeds from the resale of their stock.35．According to the rule of 70, if you earn an interest rate of 3.5 percent, your savings will double about every 20 years.36．The value of a stock depends on the ability of the company to generate dividends and the expected price of the stock when the stockholder sells her shares.37．A minimum wage above equilibrium creates a labor surplus.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level. 39．The use of money allows trade to be roundabout.40．The quantity theory of money can explain hyperinflations but not moderate inflation.41．In every economy, national saving equals domestic investment plus net capitaloutflow.42．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, net exports represent the quantity of dollars demanded in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affectspecific firms and industries.44．If speculators bid up the value of the dollar in the market for foreign-currency exchange, aggregate demand would shift to the left.45．In response to a decrease in output the economy would revert to its original level of prices and output whether the decrease in output was caused by a decrease in aggregate demand or a decrease in aggregate supply.46．John Maynard Keynes advocated policies that would increase aggregate demand as a way to decrease unemployment caused by recessions.47．An increase in the money supply shifts the aggregate supply curve right. 48．Unemployment insurance and welfare programs work as automatic stabilizers. 49．In the long run, the inflation rate depends primarily on money supply growth.50．Although monetary policy cannot reduce the natural rate of unemployment, other types of policies can. 三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect: 52．depreciation: 53．capital flight: 54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Compare and contrast the population theories of Malthus and Kremer.57．Using a graph representing the market for loanable funds, show and explain what happens to interest rates and investment if a government goes from a deficit to a surplus.58．Which two of the Ten Principles of Economics imply that the Fed can profoundly affect the economy?59．The U.S. Treasury Department issues inflation-indexed bonds. What areinflation-indexed bonds and why are they important?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves.62．How does a reduction in the money supply by the Fed make owning stocks less attractive?63．Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10分)64. Suppose government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by less than $3 billion.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40.41. 42. 43. 44. 45.46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷A参考答案1.c2.c3.d4.b5.a6.a7.a8.b9.b 10.a 11.b 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.b 16.b 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.b 21.a 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.b 26.d 27.d 28.a 29.a 30.d31.T 32.T 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42.T 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.F 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby contries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.52.a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy.53.a large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a country.54.a period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recessionwithout policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.The difference is that Malthus predicted that population growth would be greater than growth in the ability to increase output. He believed that people would continue to populate the earth until output reached a subsistence level. On the other hand Kremer argues that population growth increased productivity allowing people to improve their standard of living despite growing population. Kremer argues that with more population comes more innovations. The improvements in technology more than offset any adverse impact of the increase in population on the standard of living.57. As shown in the graph below, the economy starts in equilibrium at point E0 with interest rate r0 and equilibrium quantity of saving and investment at q0. If the government succeeds in obtaining a surplus, there will be more public saving in the economy at each interest rate, and the supply of loanable funds curve will shift from S0 to S1. The new equilibrium will be at E1, with a lower interest rate, r1 and a higher quantity of saving and investment, q1. Hence, if the federal government succeeds in having a surplus, interest rates will fall and investment will increase.Market for Loanable Funds58. 1. Prices rise when the government prints too much money.2. There is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.59. Inflation-indexed bonds are bonds whose interest and principal payments are adjusted upward for inflation, guaranteeing their real purchasing power in the future.They are important because they provide a safe, inflation-proof asset for savers and they may allow the Treasury to borrow more easily at a lower current cost.60. Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62. The reduction in the money supply raises the interest rate. So the return on bonds increases relative to the return on stocks. The increase in the interest rate also causes spending to fall so that revenues and profits fall making shares of ownership in corporations less valuable.63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy. By the time the president and Congress can agree to and pass legislation changing expenditures or taxes, the recession may have ended. The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy.64. 当政府支出30亿美元购买警车时，直接投资增加警车生产企业的利润，这种增加又使该企业雇佣更多工人，并增加生的。
宏观经济学期末考试试题(含答案)
《宏观经济学》期末考试试题一、判断题（对的写“T”，错的写“F”；每小题1分，共10分）1.人均真实GDP是平均经济福利（生活水平）的主要衡量指标。
2.1963年美国的最低工资水平是每小时1.25美元，而2013年则为7.25美元，因而，在美国拿最低工资的人的生活水平大大提高了。
3.大多数失业是短期的，然而，大多数所观察到的失业是长期的。
4.通货膨胀并没有降低大多数工人的购买力。
5.家庭决定把大部分收入储蓄起来会使总供给曲线向左移动。
6.某人出售一幅旧油画所得到的收入应该计入当年的国内生产总值。
7.无论什么人，只要没有找到工作就是失业。
8.短期总供给不变时，总需求的变动会引起均衡的国内生产总值同方向变动，物价水平反方向变动。
9.扩张性货币政策的实行可以增加货币供给量，从而使利率水平提高。
10.总需求不足时，政府可以提高转移支付水平，以增加社会总需求。
二、简答题（每小题5分，共15分）1.列出并说明生产率的四个决定因素。
2.解释企业通过提高它所支付的工资增加利润的四种可能原因。
3.是什么因素可能引起总需求曲线向左移动？三、应用题（每小题5分，共20分）假设今年的货币供给是5 00亿美元，名义GDP是10万亿美元，而真实GDP是5万亿美元。
1.物价水平是多少？货币流通速度是多少？2.假设货币流通速度是不变的，而每年经济中物品与服务的产出增加5%。
如果美联储保持货币供给不变，明年的名义GDP和物价水平是多少？3.如果美联储想保持物价水平不变，它应该把明年的货币供给设定为多少？4.如果美联储想把通货膨胀率控制在10%，它应该把货币供给设定为多少？四、计算与分析说明题（每小题10分，共30分；要有计算步骤，否则扣分）b.把2015年作为基年，计算各年的真实GDP。
c.与2016年相比，2017年的名义GDP、真实GDP增长率各是多少？名义GDP增长率和真实GDP增长率孰大孰小？解释原因。
2.一个经济在产出低于其自然水平4000亿美元的水平上运行，而且财政政策制定者想弥补这种衰退性缺口。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷3(附答案).doc
一、选择题（本题包含30小题，每题？分，共？分）1.Real GDPa.evaluates current production at current prices.b? evaluates current production at the prices that prevailed in some specific year inthe past ?c.is not a valid measure of the economy's performance, since prices change fromyear to year ?d.is a measure of the value of goods only, hence, it excludes the value of services ?2.The steps involved in calculating the consumer price index include, in order:a.choose a base year, fix the basket, compute the inflation rate, compute the basket'scost, and compute the index ?b? choose a base year, find the prices, fix the basket, compute the basket's cost, andcompute the index ?c.fix the basket, find the prices, compute the basket's cost, choose a base year andcompute the index ?d.fix the basket, find the prices, compute the inflation rate, choose a base year andcompute the index ?3.Suppose the price of a quart of milk rises from $1 to $1.25 and the price of a T-shirt risesfrom $8 to $ 10. If the CPI rises from 150 to 175 people will likely buya.more milk and more T-shirts?b? more milk and fewer T-shirts?c.less milk and more T-shirts ?d.less milk and fewer T-shirts.4? Which of the following is correct?a.Countries with the highest growth rates over the last 100 years are the ones thathad the highest level of real GDP 100 years ago.b? Most countries have had little fluctuation around their average growth rates duringthe past 100 years ?得分评卷人分）［请单击此处编辑题目］（每小题分，共c.The ranking of countries by income changes substantially over time.d.Over the last 100 years, Japan had the highest real GDP growth rate, and now has the highest real GDPper person.5? Using the production function and notation in the text, K/L measuresa.natural resources per worker?b? human capital per worker.c.output per worker?d.physical capital per worker.6? Index fundsa.typically have about the same rate of return as more actively managed funds.b.typically have lower rates of return than more actively managed funds.c.contain the stocks and bonds from a single Standard Index Classification of industry?d.typically have higher rates of return than more actively managed funds.7- In a closed economy, national saving equalsa.investment.b.income minus the sum of consumption and govemment expenditures.c.private saving plus public saving?d.All of the above are correct?8? At which interest rate is the present value of $162.24 two years from today equal to $150 today?a. 4 percentb? 5 percentc. 6 percentd? None of the above are correct to the nearest penny.9? Which of the following is incorrect?a.Frictional unemployment is inevitable in a dynamic economy.b.Although the unemployment created by sectoral shifts is unfortunate, in the long run such changes leadto higher productiv让y and higher living standards-c.At least 10 percent of U.S. manufacturing jobs are destroyed every year.d.In a typical month more than 5 percent of workers leave their jobs.10. Use the balance sheet for the following question.Last Bank of Cedar BendAssets LiabilitiesReserves $25,000 Deposits $150,000Loans $125,000If the reserve requirement is 10 percent, this banka. is in a position to make a new loan of $15,000?b? has less reserves than required?c.has excess reserves of less than $15,000.d.None of the above are correct.11 ? W hich of the following lists ranks the Fed's monetary policy tools from most to leastfrequently used?a.discount rate changes, reserve requirement changes, open market transactionsb.:reserve requirement changes, open market transactions, discount rate changesc.open market transactions, discount rate changes, reserve requirement changesd.None of the above lists ranks the tools correctly.12. A decrease in the money supply creates an excessa. supply of money that is eliminated by rising prices?b? supply of money that is eliminated by falling prices.c.demand for money that is eliminated by rising prices.d.demand for money that is eliminated by falling prices?13- Given a nominal interest rate of 6 percent, in which case would you earn the lowest after-tax real rate of interest?a. Inflation is 4 percent; the taxrate is 25 percent.b? Inflation is 3 percent; the taxrateis 20 percent.c.Inflation is 2 percent; the taxrateis 15 percent.d.Tlie after-tax real interest rate is the same for all of the above.14- In recent years, U.S. net capital outflow wasa. positive and net exports were negative?b? positive and net exports were positive?c.negative and net exports were negative.d.negative and net exports were positive?15.If a country has business opportun让ies that are relatively attractive to other countries, we would expect it tohavea. both positive net exports and positive net capital outflow?b? both negative net exports and negative net capital outflow?c.positive net exports and negative net capital outflow.d.negative net exports and pos让ive net capital outflow?16.On behalf of your firm, you make frequent trips to Hong Kong. You notice that you always have to pay moredollars to get enough local currency to get your hair styled than you have to pay to get your hair styled in the United States. This isa. inconsistent with purchasing-power parity, but might be explained by limited opportunities for arbitragein hairstyling across international borders?b? consistent w让h purchasing-power parity if prices in Hong Kong are rising more rapidly than prices in the United States.c. consistent w让h purchasing-power parity if prices in Hong Kong are rising less rapidly than prices in theUnited States.d? None of the above is correct.17- Ceteris paribus, if the Canadian real interest rate were to increase, Canadian net capital outflowa. and net cap让al outflow of other countries would rise.b? and net capital outflow of other countries would fall.c.would rise, while net capital outflow of other countries would fall.d.would fall, while net capital outflow of other countries would rise?18? If a government increases its budget deficit, then the real exchange ratea. and domestic investment rise.b? and domestic investment fall.c.rises and domestic investment falls.d.falls and domestic investment rises.19.Which of the following is the correct way to show the effects of a new import quota?a. shift the demand for loanable funds right, the supply of dollars for foreign exchange right, and thedemand for dollars leftb? shift the demand for loanable funds right, and the supply of dollars for foreign exchange leftc.shift the demand for dollars for foreign exchange leftd.None of the above is correct.20. A large and sudden movement of funds out of a country is calleda. arbitrage?b? capital flight.c.crowding out.d.capital mobility?21? Aggregate demand shifts right when the governmenta.raises personal income taxes?b.increases the money supply.c.repeals an investment tax cred让.d.All of the above are correct.22? If people want to save more for retirementa.or if the government raises taxes, aggregate demand shifts right.b.or if the government raises taxes, aggregate demand shifts left.c.aggregate demand shifts right If the government raises taxes, aggregate demandshifts left?d.aggregate demand shifts left. If the governnient raises taxes, aggregate demandshifts right.23? n the mid-1970s the price of oil rose dramatically. Thisa. shifted aggregate supply left.b? caused U.S. prices to fall.c.was the consequence of OPEC increasing oil production.d.All of the above are correct.24- Liquidity refers toa. the relation between the price and interest rate of an asset.b? the risk of an asset relative to its selling price.c.the ease w让h which an asset is converted into a medium of exchange?d.the sensitivity of investment spending to changes in the interest rate.25? When the interest rate incr eases, the opportunity cost of holding money?a.increases’ so the quantity of money demanded increases?b.increases, so the quantity of money demanded decreasesc.decreases, so the quantity of money demanded increases?d.decreases, so the quantity of money demanded decreases.26.Which of the following properly describes the interest rate effect?a. As the money supply increases, the interest rate falls, so spending rises.b? As the money supply increases, the interest rate rises, so spending falls.?c.As the price level increases, the interest rate falls, so spending rises?d.As the price level increases, the interest rate rises, so spending falls27.An increase in government spending initially and primarily shiftsa. aggregate demand rightb? aggregate demand leftc.aggregate supply right.d.neither aggregate demand nor aggregate supply.28 ? The reduction in demand that results when a fiscal expansion raises the interest rate is called thea.multiplier effect.b.crowding-out effect.c.accelerator effect.d.Riccardian equivalence effect.29.One determinant of the natural rate of unemployment is thea. rate of growth of the money supply.b? minimum wage rate.c.expected inflation rate.d.All of the above are correct?30.An increase in the expected rate of inflation shiftsa. only the short-run Phillips curve right.b? only the short-run Phillips curve leftc.both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves to the right.d.both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves to the left.二、判断题（本题包含20小题，每题？分，共？分）31.If nominal GDP is 10,000 and real GDP is 8,000 the GDP deflator is 125.32.International data on the history of real GDP growth rates shows that the rich countries33 ? One of the reasons that African countries may have grown slower than other countries is thatmany have high barriers to trade.34. When the U.S. government is in debt, it follows that they have a deficit?35 ? The future value of $1 saved today is $1/(1 + r)?36.The market for insurance is one example of reducing risk by using diversification?37.Someone who is without work but is not looking for work would be counted asunemployed by the BLS?38.Union workers earn about 10 percent to 20 percent more than similar workers who donot belong to unions.39.Because of the multiple tools at its disposal, the Fed is precise in its control of the moneysuppl y.40.Inflation distorts savings because people pay taxes on their noininal rather than their realinterest income.41.In an open economy, U?S? national savings can be less than U?S? investment42.If the real interest rate were above the equilibrium rate, there would be a shortage ofloanable funds?43 ? Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affect specificfirms and industries.44. When output rises, unemployment falls.45 ? The explanations for the slopes of the aggreg ate demand and aggregate supply curves are the same as the explanations for the slope of demand and supply curves for specific goods andservices?46. A decrease in the price level makes consumers feel wealthier, so they purchase more. This logic helps explainwhy the aggregate demand curve slopes downward?47.In liquidity preference theory, an increase in the interest rate decreases the quantity of money demanded, butdoes not shift the money demand curve.48.In principle the government could increase the money supply or government expenditures to try to offset theeffects of a wave of pessimism about the future of the economy.49.In the long run, the natural rate of unemployment depends primarily on the growth rate of the money supply.50. A policy change that reduced the natural rate of unemployment would shift both the long-runaggregate-supply curve and the long-run Phillips curve left.三、名词解释（本题包含5小题，每题？分，共？分）51- human capital:52.exports:53.trade policy:54? aggregate-demand curve:55? crowding-out effect:四、简答题（本题包含8小题，每题？分，共？分）56.Why is productivity related to the standard of living? In your answer be sure to explain what productivityand standard of living mean? Make a list of things tliat determine labor productivity.57.Draw and label a graph showing equilibrium in the market for loanable funds?58.Founders of the Federal Reserve were concerned that the Fed might form policy favorable to one part of thecountiy or to a particular party. What are some ways that the organization of the Fed reflects such concerns?59.Suppose that monetary neutrality holds. Of the following variables, which ones do not change when themoney supply increases?a. real interest ratesb? inflationc.the price leveld.real outpute.real wagesf.nominal wages60.The long-run trend in real GDP is upward. How is this possible given business cycles?What explains the upward trend?61.Discuss what economists believe is different about the long and short run.62.Suppose that consumers become pessimistic about the future health of the economy, andso cut back on their consumption spending. What will happen to aggregate demandand to output? What might the president and Congress have to do to keep output stable 63 ? Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?参考答案I?b2.c3.d4?c5?d 6?d7.d&a 9?d lO.c llx 12.d 13.a 14.c 15.b 16.a 17.d 18.c 19.d 2O.b 21?b 22?b 23.a 24.c 25.b 26.d 27,a 2&b 29.b 3O.a3l.T 32. F 33.T 34.F 35.F 36.T 37.F 38.T 39.F 40.T 4l.T 42.F 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.F 50.F51.the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience.?52.goods and services that are produced domestically and sold abroad53.a government policy that directly influences the quantity of goods and services that a country imports or exports?54.a curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at each price level.55.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the?interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending56.The standard of living is a measure of how well people live. Income per person is animportant dimension of the standard of living and is positively correlated w让h othertilings such as nutrition and life expectancy that make people better off. Productiv让ymeasures how much people can produce in an hour. As productivity increases, people can produce more (and use less to produce the same amount) and so their standard of living increases?The factors that determine labor productivity include the amounts of physical capital (equipment and structures), human capital (knowledge and skills), and natural resources available to workers, as well as the state of technological knowledge insociet y.57.Market for Loanable FundsMarket for Loanble Funds58. 1. The president appoints the Board of Governors, but the Senate must approve them.2.The seven members of the Board of Governors serve 14-year terms, so让is unlikely that a single president will have appointed most of them.3.The Federal Reserve has 12 regional banks.4.The presidents of the regional banks serve on the FOMC on a rotating basis.59. a. real interest ratesd. real outputd? real wages60.There are occasional short-lived periods of negative real GDP growth? However, in most years real GDP increases? The years of increase are more frequent and the increases large enougli that over long periods of time real GDP increases despite the occasional declines. The long-run upward trend in real GDP is due to?increases in the labor force and capital stock, and advances in technological knowledge61.Most economists believe that in the long run, real variables are not affected by nominal variables. So, for? However, most example, changes in the money supply do not change real variables in the long runeconomists believe that nominal variables to do change real variables in the short run.62.As consumers become pessimistic about the future of the economy, they cut their expenditures so thataggregate demand shifts left and output falls. Tlie president and Congress could adjust fiscal policy to increase aggregate demand? They could e让her increase government spending, or cut taxes, or both?63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy? By the time the president andCongress can agree to and pass legislation changing expend让UTCS or taxes, the recession may have ended? The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but让may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy-。
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宏观经济学期末考试试卷1(附答案)
effects on growth.b. This is an in ward-orie nted policy which most econo mists believe have ben eficial effects on growth.c. This is an outward-orie nted policy which most econo mists believe have adverse effects ongrowth.d. This is an outward-orie nted policy which most econo mists believe have ben eficial effects on growth.6. Gen erally whe n econo mists and the text talk of the "in terest rate," they are talk ing about thea. real interest rate.b. current nominal interest rate.c. real interest rate minus the inflation rate.d. equilibrium nominal interest rate. 7. An in crease in the budget deficita. makes investment spending fall.b. makes investment spending rise.c. does not affect investment spending.d. may in crease, decrease, or not affect in vestme nt spe nding.8. Norne Corporation is considering building a new plant. It will cost them $1 million today to build it and it will gen erate revenues of $1,121 millio n three years from today. Of the in terest rates below, which is the highest i nterest rate at which Norne would still be willi ng to build the pla nt?a. 3 percentb. 3.5 percentc. 4 percentd. 4.5 perce nt9. Recent entrants into the labor force account for abouta. 1/2 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with people leav ing the labor force.b. 1/3 of those who are un employed. Spells of un employme nt end about 1/2 of the time with people leav ing the labor force.c. 1/4 of those who are un employed. Spells of un employme nt end about 1/2 of the time with people leav ing the labor force.d. 1/4 of those who are un employed. Spells of un employme nt end about 1/5 of the time with、选择题（每小题1 分，共30分）1. The gover nment reports that "GDP in creased by 1.6 perce nt in the last quarter." This stateme nt means that GDP in creaseda. by 6.4 percent for the year.b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter.c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter.d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter.2. A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls in creases, the GDP deflatora. and the CPI both in crease.b. is un cha nged and the CPI in creases.c. in creases and the CPI is un cha nged. d. and the CPI are unchanged.3. The price of CD players in creases dramatically, caus ing a 1 perce nt in crease in the CPI. The price in crease will most likely cause the GDP deflator to in crease bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 perce nt.d. It is impossible to make an in formed guess without more in formati on. 4. A nation's standard of living is measured by itsa. real GDP.b. real GDP per person.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GDP per person.5. In 2002 Preside nt Bush imposed restrict ions on imports of steel to protect the U.S.steel in dustry.a. This is an in ward-orie nted policy which most econo mists believe have adversepeopleleaving the labor force10. Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money?a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, , in dollars.b. You pay for your WNBA tickets with dollars.c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.d. None of the above is correct.11. Current U.S. currency isa. fiat money with intrinsic value.b. fiat money with no intrinsic value.c. commodity money with intrinsic value.d. commodity money with no intrinsic value.12. Velocity in the country of Shem is always stable. In 2002, the money supply was $200 billion and the GDP price deflator was four times as high as it was in the base year. In 2003, the money supply in creased to $240 billi on, the price level in creased by 15 perce nt, and nominal GDP equaled $1,200 billio n. By how much did real GDP in crease between 2002 and 2003?a. 20 percentb. 4.35 percentc. 2.17 percentd. There is not eno ugh in formati on to an swer the questi on.13. Shoeleather costs refer toa. the cost of more freque nt price ch a nges in duced by higher in flati on.b. the distortion in resource allocation created by distortions in relative prices dueto inflation.c. resources used to maintain lower money holdings when inflation is high.d. the distortion in incentives created by inflation by taxes that do not adjust forin flati on.14. International tradea. raises the standard of living in all trading countries.b. lowers the standard of living in all trading countries.c. leaves the stan dard of living un ch a nged.d. raises the standard of living for importing countries and lowers it for exporting countries.15. Which of the following would be U.S. foreign portfolio in vestme nt?a. Disney builds a new amusement park near Rome, Italy.b. Your economics professor buys stock in companies located in Eastern European countries.c. A Dutch hotel chai n ope ns a new hotel in the Un ited States.d. A citizen of Singapore buys a bond issued by a U.S. corporation.16. A Venezuelan firm purchases earth-moving equipment from a U.S. company and pays for it withdomestic currency. This transactiona. in creases U.S. net exports, and in creases Ven ezuela n net capital outflow.b. in creases U.S. net exports, and decreases Ven ezuela n net capital outflow.c. decreases U.S. net exports, and in creases Ven ezuela n net capital outflow.d. decreases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.17. At the equilibrium interest rate in the open economy macroeconomic model, the amount that people want to save equals the desired quantity ofa. net capital outflow.b. domestic investment.c. net capital outflow plus domestic investment.d. foreign currency supplied.18. In an open economy,a. net capital outflow = imports.b. net capital outflow = net exports.c. net capital outflow = exports.d. None of the above is correct.19. In the open-economy macroeconomic model, the real exchange rate is determined in the market where dollars are exchanged for foreign currency by the equality of the supply of dollars, which comes froma. U.S. n atio nal savi ng and the dema nd for dollars for U.S. net exports.b. U.S. net capital outflow and the dema nd for dollars for U.S. net exports.c. domestic in vestme nt and the dema nd for U.S. net exports.d. foreig n dema nd for U.S. goods and U.S. dema nd for foreig n goods.20. If a gover nment in creases its budget deficit, the n in terest ratesa. rise and the trade balanee moves toward surplus.b. rise and the trade balanee moves toward deficit.c. fall and the trade balanee moves toward surplus.d. fall and the trade balanee moves toward deficit.21. Investment spending decreases when the price levela. rises causing interest rates to rise.b. rises causing interest rates to fall.c. falls causing interest rates to rise.d. falls causing interest rates to fall.22. An in crease in the price level and a decrease in real GDP in the short run could becreated bya. an in crease in the money supply.b. an in crease in gover nment expe nditures.c. a fall in stock prices.d. bad weather in farm states.23. Which part of real GDP fluctuates most over the course of the business cycle?a. consumptionb. government expendituresc. investmentd. net exports24. According to liquidity preferenee theory, the price level and interest rate area. positively related as are the in terest rate and aggregate dema nd.b. in versely related as are the in terest rate and aggregate dema nd.c. positively related while the in terest rate and aggregate dema nd are inversely related.d. in versely related while the in terest rate and aggregate dema nd arepositively related.25. Which of the following shifts aggregate dema nd to the right?a. an in crease in the price levelb. an in crease in the money supplyc. a decrease in the price leveld. a decrease in the money supply26. If the Fed con ducts ope n-market sales, the money supplya. in creases and aggregate dema nd shifts right.b. in creases and aggregate dema nd shifts left.c. decreases and aggregate dema nd shifts right.d. decreases and aggregate dema nd shifts left.27. Some econo mists argue thata. monetary policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.b. fiscal policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.c. fiscal policy can be used to shift the AD curve.d. All of the above are correct.28. The lag problem associated with monetary policy is due mostly toa. the fact that business firms make investment plans far in advanee.b. the political system of checks and balances that slows down the process of determining monetarypolicy.c. the time it takes for changes in government spending to affect the interest rate.d. All of the above are correct.29. A. W. Phillips' findings were based on dataa. from 1861-1957 for the United Kingdom.b. from 1861-1957 for the United States.c. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United Kingdom.d. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United States.30. Which of the following is true concerning the long-run Phillips curve?a. Its position is determined primarily by monetary factors.b. If it shifts right, Iong-run aggregate supply shifts right.c. It cannot be changed by any government policy.d. its position depends on the natural rate of unemployment.31. The gover nment comp onent of GDP in eludes salaries paid to Army gen erals but not Social Security ben efits to the elderly.32. An in crease in the savi ng rate does not perma nen tly in creases the growth rate of real GDP per pers on.33. In ten years when you are the owner of a major U.S. corporation, if your corporation ope ns and operates a branch in a foreig n country you will be en gag ing in foreig n direct in vestme nt.34. Corporations receive no proceeds from the resale of their stock.35. According to the rule of 70, if you earn an interest rate of 3.5 percent, your savings will double about every 20 years.36. The value of a stock depe nds on the ability of the compa ny to gen erate divide nds and the expected price of the stock whe n the stockholder sells her shares.37. A minimum wage above equilibrium creates a labor surplus.38. According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39. The use of money allows trade to be roundabout.40. The quantity theory of money can explain hyperinflations but not moderatein flati on.41. In every economy, national saving equals domestic investment plus net capital outflow.42. In the open-economy macroeconomic model, net exports represent the quantity of dollars dema nded in the foreig n-curre ncy excha nge market.43. Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balanee, they do affect、判断题（每小题1分，共20分）specific firms and industries.44. If speculators bid up the value of the dollar in the market for foreign-currency exchange, aggregatedema nd would shift to the left.45. In response to a decrease in output the economy would revert to its original level of prices and outputwhether the decrease in output was caused by a decrease in aggregate dema nd or a decrease in aggregatesupply.46. Joh n Maynard Keynes advocated policies that would in crease aggregate dema nd as a way todecrease un employme nt caused by recessi ons.47. An in crease in the money supply shifts the aggregate supply curve right.48. Un employme nt in sura nee and welfare programs work as automatic stabilizers.49. In the long run, the inflation rate depends primarily on money supply growth.50. Although monetary policy cannot reduce the natural rate of unemployment, other types of policies can.、名词解释（每小题2分，共10分）51. catch-up effect:52. depreciation:53. capital flight:54. recession:55. automatic stabilizers:四、简答题（8题中任选6题；每小题5分，共30分）56. Compare and contrast the population theories of Malthus and Kremer.57. Using a graph represe nti ng the market for loa nable fun ds, show and expla in what happe ns to in terest rates and in vestme nt if a gover nment goes from a deficit to a surplus.58. Which two of the Ten Principles of Economics imply that the Fed can profoundly affect the economy?59. The U.S. Treasury Departme nt issues in flati on-i ndexed bon ds. What arein flati on-i ndexed bonds and why are they importa nt?60. Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61. Illustrate the classical an alysis of growth and in flati on with aggregate dema nd and long-run aggregate supply curves.62. How does a reduction in the money supply by the Fed make owning stocks less attractive?63. Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?五、讨论题（2题中任选1题；每小题10分，共10 分）64. Suppose gover nment spe nds $3 billi on to buypolice cars. Expla in why aggregate dema nd might in crease by more tha n $3 billio n. Expla in why aggregate dema nd might in crease by less tha n $3 billi on.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depressi on,Preside nt Roosevelt proclaimed that Than ksgiv ing would fall a week earlier tha n usual so that the shopp ing period before Christmas would be Ion ger. Expla in this decisi on, using the model of aggregate dema nd and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸、选择题（每小题1 分，共30分）52. depreciation:1. ____2. 6. _____ 7 11. ____ 12. 16. ____ 17. 21. ____ 22. 26. ____ 27.3. ____4. ___ 8 ____ 9. 10. 13. ____ 14. 15. 18. ____ 19. 20. 23 ____ 24. 25. 28 ____ 29.30.53. capital flight:54. recession: 51. catch-up effect:55. automatic stabilizers:四、简答题（8题中任选6题；每小题5分，共30分；答题时 请标明题号）五、讨论题（2题中任选1题；每小题10分，共10分；答题时请标明题号）《宏观经济学》试卷陋考答案1.c2.c3.d4.b5.a6.a7.a8.b9.b 10.a 11 .b 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.b 16.b 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.b 21.a 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.b26.d 27.d 28.a 29.a 3O.d31 .T 32.T 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41 .T 42.T 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.F 48.T 49.T 50.T51 .the property whereby con tries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly tha n coun tries that start off rich.52. a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy.53. a large and sudde n reducti on in the dema nd for assets located in a country.54. a period of decli ning real in comes and rising un employme nt.55. cha nges in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate dema nd whe n the economy goes into a recessi onThey are importa nt because they provide a safe, in flatio n-proof asset for savers and they may allow the Treasury to borrow more easily at a lower curre nt cost.60. Examples in the text (or variati ons) in clude in creased immigrati on, a decrease in the mi nimum wage, more gen erous un employme nt in sura nee, an in crease in the capital stock, an in crease in the average level of educati on, a discovery of new min eral deposits, tech no logy, and removal of barriers to intern ational trade.Over time tech no logical adva nces cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. I ncreases in themoney supply cause the aggregate dema nd curve to shift right. Output growth puts dow nward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth con tributes to rising prices.62. The reduct ion in the money supply raises the in terest rate. So the return on bonds in creases relative to the retur n on stocks. The in crease in the in terest rate also causes spe nding to fall so that revenues and profits fall making shares of ownership in corporations less valuable.63. The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of wait ing to impleme nt the policy. By the time the preside nt and Con gress can agree to and pass legislati on cha nging expe nditures or taxes, the recessi on may have en ded. The Federal Reserve can act to cha nge the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an in crease in the money supply work their way through the economy.64. 当政府支出30亿美元购买警车时，直接投资增加警车生产企业的利润，这种增加又使该企业雇佣更多工人，并增加生的。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷(附答案).doc
一、选择题（本题包含30小题，每题？分，共？分）1.Real GDPa.evaluates current production at current prices.b? evaluates current production at the prices that prevailed in some specific year in thepast?c.is not a valid measure of the economy's performance, since prices change from year toyear?d.is a measure of the value of goods only, hence, it excludes the value of services ?2.The steps involved in calculating the consumer price index include, in order:a.choose a base year, fix the basket, compute the inflation rate, compute the basket's cost,and compute the index ?b? choose a base year, find the prices, fix the basket, compute the basket's cost, andcompute the index?c.fix the basket, find the prices, compute the basket's cost, choose a base year andcompute the index?d.fix the basket, find the prices, compute the inflation rate, choose a base year andcompute the index?3.Suppose the price of a quart of milk rises from $1 to $1.25 and the price of a T-shirt rises from $8 to $ 10. If the CPI rises from 150 to 175 people will likely buya.more milk and more T-shirts ?b? more milk and fewer T-shirts ?c.less milk and more T-shirts?d.less milk and fewer T-shirts.4? Which of the following is correct?a.Countries with the highest growth rates over the last 100 years are the ones thathad the highest level of real GDP 100 years ago.b? Most countries have had little fluctuation around their average growth rates during the past 100 years ?得分评卷人分）［请单击此处编辑题目］（每小题分，共。
宏观经济学期末试卷及答案
宏观经济学期末试卷及答案《宏观经济学》试卷⼀、单项选择题:(以下各题的备选答案中,只有⼀项是正确的。
将正确的序号填在括号内。
)1、在⼀般情况下，国民收⼊核算体系中数值最⼩的是：A、国内⽣产净值B、个⼈收⼊C、个⼈可⽀配收⼊D、国民收⼊E、国内⽣产总值2、下列哪⼀项应计⼊GDP中：A、⾯包⼚购买的⾯粉B、购买40股股票C、家庭主妇购买的⾯粉D、购买政府债券E、以上各项都不应计⼊。
3、计⼊GDP的有：A、家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收⼊B、拍卖毕加索作品的收⼊C、出神股票的收⼊D、晚上为邻居照看⼉童的收⼊E、从政府那⾥获得的困难补助收⼊4、在下列各项中，属于经济中的注⼊因素是A、投资；B、储蓄；C、净税收；D、进⼝。
5、政府⽀出乘数A、等于投资乘数B、⽐投资乘数⼩1C、等于投资乘数的相反数D、等于转移⽀付乘数6、在以下情况中，投资乘数最⼤的是A、边际消费倾向为0.7；B、边际储蓄倾向为0.2；C、边际储蓄倾向为0.4；D、边际储蓄倾向为0.3。
7、国民消费函数为C=80+0.8Y，如果消费增加100亿元，国民收⼊A、增加100亿元；B、减少100亿元；C、增加500亿元；D、减少500亿元。
8、如果政府⽀出增加A、对IS曲线⽆响应B、I S曲线向右移动C、I S曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确9、政府税收的增加将A、对IS曲线⽆响应B、IS曲线向右移动C、IS曲线向左移动10、位于IS曲线左下⽅的收⼊与利率的组合，都是A、投资⼤于储蓄；B、投资⼩于储蓄；C、投资等于储蓄；D、⽆法确定。
11、当经济中未达到充分就业时，如果LM曲线不变，政府⽀出增加会导致A、收⼊增加、利率上升；B、收⼊增加、利率下降；C、收⼊减少、利率上升；D、收⼊减少、利率下降。
12、⼀般地，在IS曲线不变时，货币供给减少会导致A、收⼊增加、利率上升；B、收⼊增加、利率下降；C、收⼊减少、利率上升；D、收⼊减少、利率下降。
13、如果现⾏产出⽔平为10万亿元，总需求为8万亿，可以断定，若经济不是充分就业，那么：A、就业⽔平将下降B、收⼊⽔平将上升C、收⼊和就业⽔平将均衡D、就业量将上升E、就业⽔平将上升，收⼊将下降14、在流动陷阱（凯恩斯陷阱）中A、货币政策和财政政策都⼗分有效B、货币政策和财政政策都⽆效C、货币政策⽆效，财政政策有效D、货币政策有效，财政政策⽆效E、以上说法都不正确15、如果实施扩张性的货币政策，中央银⾏可采取的措施是A、卖出国债；B、提⾼法定准备⾦⽐率；C、降低再贴现率；D、提⾼再贴现率；16、如果名义利率为6%，通货膨胀率为12%，那么实际利率是A、6%；B、18%；C、12%；D、-6%。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷2附答案教学内容
) 分分，共每小题 1 30 一、选择题(Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keep their children in school has b. 分得not worked very well in practice.评卷人Policies designed to prevent imports from other countries generally increase economic growth.c.All of the above are correct.d.Use the following table to answer the following question. 1．In the United States real GDP is reportednumbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no adjustment for b.seasonal variations are made.These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted. c.Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place. WhatThese numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonally adjusted.d.was the total dollar volume of Gillette stock traded that day?The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the ．2 a. $912,840,000 CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by b. $91,284,000more than 1 percent. a. c. $9,128,400less than 1 percent. b. d. $912,8401 percent.c.7．Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.d.6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and national If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent, 3．saving?the GDP deflator will likely increase by a. 1500, 1000, 500more than 2 percent. a. b. 1000, 500, 15002 percent. b. c. 500, 1500, 1000less than 2 percent. c. d. None of the above are correct.All of the above are correct.d.8．Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a longThe traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject to 4．period of time, we would expect thatconstant returns. a. a. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person.increasing returns. b. b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person.diminishing returns.c. c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk averse diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for highd. person.levels of capital.d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.Which of the following is correct? ．5Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.a. The natural rate of unemployment is the．9．a. unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation. d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.b. 15．Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.c. of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.d. of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased with a dollar 10．Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Itsb. required reserves are an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsc. b.$50.a decrease in the price in Kenyan shillings of Kenyan goods a. $5.d. All of the above are correct.16 d.$950.．Use the (hypothetical) information in the following table to answer the next question. c. $95.Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve11．Country Currency Currency per U.S. Price Country ratio ofU.S. Dollar Index Price Index 5 percent a. BrazilReal 4.00 200 800 9.5 percent b. Japan Yen 125.00 200 50,00010 percentc. Mexico Peso 10.00 200 2,000Sweden Krona 9.00 200 2,000 None of the above is correct.d.ThailandBaht45.002008,000The inflation tax ．12In real terms, U.S. goods are more expensive than goods in which country(ies)? transfers wealth from the government to households. a.a. Brazil and Mexicois the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation. b.b. Japan, Sweden, and Thailand is a tax on everyone who holds money.c.c. Japan and Sweden All of the above are correct.d.d. Thailand.In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused ．1317．Which of the following would tend to shift the supply of dollars in foreign-currency exchange market ofan unexpected price levelthe open-economy macroeconomic model to the left? decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors. a.a. The exchange rate rises. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.b.b. The exchange rate falls.increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors. c.c. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets rises. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.d.d. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets falls.Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in 14．18．The real exchange rate equals the relative the United States. By itself, this salea. price of domestic and foreign currency. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports. a.b. price of domestic and foreign goods. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.b.c. rate of domestic and foreign interest. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.c.None of the above is correct.d.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the supply of loanable funds a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. increases, the interest rate the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same. a. and the real exchange rate increase.d. and the real exchange rate decrease.All of the above are possible.b.increases and the real exchange rate decreases. c. 23．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of decreases and the real exchange rate increases.d. skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity question, use the graph below.20．For the following production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.24．According to liquidity preference theory, the money supply curve isa. upward sloping.b. downward sloping.c. vertical.d. horizontal.The initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market is25．When the Fed buys government bonds, the reserves of the banking system illustrated as a move froma. increase, so the money supply increases. a tob. a.b. increase, so the money supply decreases. a toc. b.c. decrease, so the money supply increases. c to b. c.d. decrease, so the money supply decreases. c to d.d.26．According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes the When thegovernment spends more, the initial effect is that ．21 a. interest rate and investment to rise. aggregate demand shifts right. a.b. interest rate and investment to fall. aggregate demand shifts left. b.c. interest rate to rise and investment to fall. aggregate supply shifts right. c.d. interest rate to fall and investment to rise.aggregate supply shifts left.d.27．If the stock market crashes, Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a ．22 a. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply. sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx ofb. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply. immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. Inc. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply. the short run, we would expectaggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.d.28．If the MPC = 3/5, then the government purchases multiplier is stocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.5/2. b. a. 5/3. 37．In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a 15.d.c.5. higher unemployment rate.If the government raises government expenditures, in the short run, prices 29．38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that rise and unemployment falls. a. are below the equilibrium level.fall and unemployment rises. b.39．In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money and unemployment rise. c.in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply and unemployment fall.d.increases, cerise parousia.If the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the left, for any given rate of money growth 30．40．In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s.and inflation the economy will havehigher unemployment and lower output. a. 41．According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods perhigher unemployment and higher output. b. unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price level divided by the foreign price level.lower unemployment and lower output. c.42．Net capital outflow represents the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign-currency exchange market. lower unemployment and higher output.d.43．If policymakers impose import restrictions on automobiles, the U.S. trade deficit would shrink.) 分，共 1 20 分每小题二、判断题(得分Most economists believe that classical theory explains the world in the short run, but not the long run. 44．评卷人Because not all prices adjust instantly to changing conditions, an unexpected fall in the price level ．45leaves some firms with higher-than-desired prices, and these higher-than-desired prices depress sales andWhen an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part 31．induce firms to reduce the quantity of goods and services they produce.of U.S. GDP.All explanations for the upward slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve suppose that output．46In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their ．32supplied increases when the price level increases more than expected.career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate.Both the multiplier and the investment accelerator tend to make the aggregate demand curve shift 47．Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has. ．33farther than the increase in government expenditures.Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, 34．During recessions, the government tends to run a budget deficit.．48and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and nationalsaving are both $1 billion.If macroeconomic policy expands aggregate demand, unemployment will fall and inflation will rise in 49．the short run.According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market ．35price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.The analysis of Friedman and Phelps argues that any change in inflation that is expected has no impact 50．on the unemployment rate.According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so that．36．United States?) 2 分，共 10 分三、名词解释(每小题分得．63Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches its equilibrium value if it startsabove equilibrium.评卷人diminishing returns: ．51)分题；每小题 10 分，共 10 五、讨论题(2题中任选1nominal exchange rate: ．52crowding-out effect: ．53 stagflation: 54．automatic stabilizers: 55．64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affectconsumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes in5分，共6简答题四、( 8题中任选题；每小题total output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting 分得) 30 分effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply.评卷人65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Rooseveltbefore the shopping period week earlier than usual so that a proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall aggregate demand and using the model of aggregate this Christmas would be longer. Explain decision, ．56Why are property rights important for the growth of a nation's standard of living?supply.．57Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. What 《宏观经济学》答题纸sort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices.I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very much risk. a.I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it.b.I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value tax breaksc. 楨桧祬尮．58Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me, which has $5,000of deposits, a一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分) reserve ratio of 10 percent, and excess reservesof $300.得分．59What are the costs of inflation?评卷人．60Make a list of things that would shiftthe long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.1. 2. 3.4. 5. ．61Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflationwith aggregate demand andlong-run aggregate supply curves.6. 7. 8. 9.10.．62Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not very11. 12. 13. 14. 15.important factors in explaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.54．recession:1 ；每小题错误用；“F”二、判断题(正确用“T”得分) 20 分，共分评卷人automatic stabilizers:．5531. 32. 33. 34. 35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40.41. 42. 43. 44. 45.46. 47. 48. 49. 50.分；答题时 30 题；每小题 5分，共( 8四、简答题题中任选6得分)请标明题号评卷人)(三、名词解释每小题 10 分，共分 2 得分评卷人catch-up effect: 51．depreciation: ．52capital flight: 53．分得分；答题时请 10 10 分，共题；每小题讨论题五、(2题中任选1)标明题号评卷人《宏观经济学》试卷B参考答案a 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.a 6.b 7.b 8.d 9.d 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b24.c1.25.a 26.c 27.c 28.b 29.a 30.d31.F 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.T 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.F 42.T 43.F 44.F 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.T 51.the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52.the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate andthereby reduces investment spending. 54.a period of falling output and rising prices.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If anindividual or company is not confident that claims over property or over the income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there will be little incentive for individuals to save, invest, orstart new businesses. Likewise, there will be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financialassets of the country. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation and willreduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living.A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are nota.57.subject to federal income tax.A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return. b.A corporate bond that isn't a junk bond. Because they have more risk than c.government bonds and have no special tax treatment, they pay moderate ratesof return.58.First National Bank of MeLiabilities Assets $5,000DepositsReserves $800 Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the $4,200Loansmoney supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure onthe price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices. 59.The costs of inflation include shoeleather costs, the cost of reducing your moneyholdings to reduce your inflation tax; menu costs, the costs of price adjustments; the 62.The wealth effect is not very important because it operates through changes in the real value of money, costs of resource misallocation that result from the relative-price variability induced by and money is only a small fraction of household wealth. So it is unlikely that changes in the price level will inflation; the costs of inflation-induced tax distortions; the costs of confusion andlead to large changes in consumption spending through this channel. The exchange-rate effect is not very inconvenience; and the costs associated with the arbitrary redistribution of wealth thatimportant in the United States because trade with other countries represents a relatively small fraction of accompany unexpected inflation.U.S. GDP. 60.Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital63. If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits,than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The technology, and removal of barriers to international trade. increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money. 61.See graph.64. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本，但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷1(附答案)
一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．The government reports that "GDP increased by 1.6 percent in the last quarter." This statement means that GDP increaseda. by 6.4 percent for the year.b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter.c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter.d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter.2．A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls increases, the GDP deflatora. and the CPI both increase.b. is unchanged and the CPI increases.c. increases and the CPI is unchanged.d. and the CPI are unchanged.3．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.4．A nation's standard of living is measured by itsa. real GDP.b. real GDP per person.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GDP per person.5．In 2002 President Bush imposed restrictions on imports of steel to protect the U.S.steel industry.a. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverseeffects on growth.b. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.c. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on growth.d. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.6．Generally when economists and the text talk of the "interest rate," they are talking about thea. real interest rate.b. current nominal interest rate.c. real interest rate minus the inflation rate.d. equilibrium nominal interest rate.7．An increase in the budget deficita. makes investment spending fall.b. makes investment spending rise.c. does not affect investment spending.d. may increase, decrease, or not affect investment spending.8．Norne Corporation is considering building a new plant. It will cost them $1 million today to build it and it will generate revenues of $1,121 million three years from today. Of the interest rates below, which is the highest interest rate at which Norne would still be willing to build the plant?a. 3 percentb. 3.5 percentc. 4 percentd. 4.5 percent9．Recent entrants into the labor force account for abouta. 1/2 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.b. 1/3 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.c. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.d. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force10．Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money?a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, , indollars.b. You pay for your WNBA tickets with dollars.c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.d. None of the above is correct.11．Current U.S. currency isa. fiat money with intrinsic value.b. fiat money with no intrinsic value.c. commodity money with intrinsic value.d. commodity money with no intrinsic value.12．Velocity in the country of Shem is always stable. In 2002, the money supply was $200 billion and the GDP price deflator was four times as high as it was in the base year. In 2003, the money supply increased to $240 billion, the price level increased by 15 percent, and nominal GDP equaled $1,200 billion. By how much did real GDP increase between 2002 and 2003?a. 20 percentb. 4.35 percentc. 2.17 percentd. There is not enough information to answer the question.13．Shoeleather costs refer toa. the cost of more frequent price changes induced by higher inflation.b. the distortion in resource allocation created by distortions in relative prices dueto inflation.c. resources used to maintain lower money holdings when inflation is high.d. the distortion in incentives created by inflation by taxes that do not adjust forinflation.14．International tradea. raises the standard of living in all trading countries.b. lowers the standard of living in all trading countries.c. leaves the standard of living unchanged.d. raises the standard of living for importing countries and lowers it for exporting countries.15．Which of the following would be U.S. foreign portfolio investment?a. Disney builds a new amusement park near Rome, Italy.b. Your economics professor buys stock in companies located in Eastern European countries.c. A Dutch hotel chain opens a new hotel in the United States.d. A citizen of Singapore buys a bond issued by a U.S. corporation.16．A Venezuelan firm purchases earth-moving equipment from a U.S. company and pays for it with domestic currency. This transactiona. increases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.b. increases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.c. decreases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.d. decreases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.17．At the equilibrium interest rate in the open economy macroeconomic model, the amount that people want to save equals the desired quantity ofa. net capital outflow.b. domestic investment.c. net capital outflow plus domestic investment.d. foreign currency supplied.18．In an open economy,a. net capital outflow = imports.b. net capital outflow = net exports.c. net capital outflow = exports.d. None of the above is correct.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, the real exchange rate is determined in the market where dollars are exchanged for foreign currency by the equality of the supply of dollars, which comes froma. U.S. national saving and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.b. U.S. net capital outflow and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.c. domestic investment and the demand for U.S. net exports.d. foreign demand for U.S. goods and U.S. demand for foreign goods.20．If a government increases its budget deficit, then interest ratesa. rise and the trade balance moves toward surplus.b. rise and the trade balance moves toward deficit.c. fall and the trade balance moves toward surplus.d. fall and the trade balance moves toward deficit.21．Investment spending decreases when the price levela. rises causing interest rates to rise.b. rises causing interest rates to fall.c. falls causing interest rates to rise.d. falls causing interest rates to fall.22．An increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP in the short run could be created bya. an increase in the money supply.b. an increase in government expenditures.c. a fall in stock prices.d. bad weather in farm states.23．Which part of real GDP fluctuates most over the course of the business cycle?a. consumptionb. government expendituresc. investmentd. net exports24．According to liquidity preference theory, the price level and interest rate area. positively related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.b. inversely related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.c. positively related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are inverselyrelated.d. inversely related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are positivelyrelated.25．Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?a. an increase in the price levelb. an increase in the money supplyc. a decrease in the price leveld. a decrease in the money supply26．If the Fed conducts open-market sales, the money supplya. increases and aggregate demand shifts right.b. increases and aggregate demand shifts left.c. decreases and aggregate demand shifts right.d. decreases and aggregate demand shifts left.27．Some economists argue thata. monetary policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.b. fiscal policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.c. fiscal policy can be used to shift the AD curve.d. All of the above are correct.28．The lag problem associated with monetary policy is due mostly toa. the fact that business firms make investment plans far in advance.b. the political system of checks and balances that slows down the process of determining monetarypolicy.c. the time it takes for changes in government spending to affect the interest rate.d. All of the above are correct.29．A. W. Phillips' findings were based on dataa. from 1861-1957 for the United Kingdom.b. from 1861-1957 for the United States.c. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United Kingdom.d. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United States.30．Which of the following is true concerning the long-run Phillips curve?a. Its position is determined primarily by monetary factors.b. If it shifts right, long-run aggregate supply shifts right.c. It cannot be changed by any government policy.d. its position depends on the natural rate of unemployment.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．The government component of GDP includes salaries paid to Army generals but not Social Security benefits to the elderly.32．An increase in the saving rate does not permanently increases the growth rate of real GDP per person.33．In ten years when you are the owner of a major U.S. corporation, if your corporation opens and operates a branch in a foreign country you will be engaging in foreign direct investment.34．Corporations receive no proceeds from the resale of their stock.35．According to the rule of 70, if you earn an interest rate of 3.5 percent, your savings will double about every 20 years.36．The value of a stock depends on the ability of the company to generate dividends and the expected price of the stock when the stockholder sells her shares.37．A minimum wage above equilibrium creates a labor surplus.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level. 39．The use of money allows trade to be roundabout.40．The quantity theory of money can explain hyperinflations but not moderate inflation.41．In every economy, national saving equals domestic investment plus net capitaloutflow.42．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, net exports represent the quantity of dollars demanded in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affectspecific firms and industries.44．If speculators bid up the value of the dollar in the market for foreign-currency exchange, aggregate demand would shift to the left.45．In response to a decrease in output the economy would revert to its original level of prices and output whether the decrease in output was caused by a decrease in aggregate demand or a decrease in aggregate supply.46．John Maynard Keynes advocated policies that would increase aggregate demand as a way to decrease unemployment caused by recessions.47．An increase in the money supply shifts the aggregate supply curve right. 48．Unemployment insurance and welfare programs work as automatic stabilizers. 49．In the long run, the inflation rate depends primarily on money supply growth.50．Although monetary policy cannot reduce the natural rate of unemployment, other types of policies can. 三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect: 52．depreciation: 53．capital flight: 54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Compare and contrast the population theories of Malthus and Kremer.57．Using a graph representing the market for loanable funds, show and explain what happens to interest rates and investment if a government goes from a deficit to a surplus.58．Which two of the Ten Principles of Economics imply that the Fed can profoundly affect the economy?59．The U.S. Treasury Department issues inflation-indexed bonds. What areinflation-indexed bonds and why are they important?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves.62．How does a reduction in the money supply by the Fed make owning stocks less attractive?63．Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10分)64. Suppose government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by less than $3 billion.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40.41. 42. 43. 44. 45.46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷A参考答案1.c2.c3.d4.b5.a6.a7.a8.b9.b 10.a 11.b 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.b 16.b 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.b 21.a 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.b 26.d 27.d 28.a 29.a 30.d31.T 32.T 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42.T 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.F 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby contries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.52.a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy.53.a large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a country.54.a period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession考生答题不得过此线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶密∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶封∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶ 任课教师：教学班号：姓名：学号：∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶装∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶订∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.The difference is that Malthus predicted that population growth would be greater than growth in the ability to increase output. He believed that people would continue to populate the earth until output reached a subsistence level. On the other hand Kremer argues that population growth increased productivity allowing people to improve their standard of living despite growing population. Kremer argues that with more population comes more innovations. The improvements in technology more than offset any adverse impact of the increase in population on the standard of living.57. As shown in the graph below, the economy starts in equilibrium at point E0 with interest rate r0 and equilibrium quantity of saving and investment at q0. If the government succeeds in obtaining a surplus, there will be more public saving in the economy at each interest rate, and the supply of loanable funds curve will shift from S0 to S1. The new equilibrium will be at E1, with a lower interest rate, r1 and a higher quantity of saving and investment, q1. Hence, if the federal government succeeds in having a surplus, interest rates will fall and investment will increase.Market for Loanable Funds58. 1. Prices rise when the government prints too much money.2. There is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.59. Inflation-indexed bonds are bonds whose interest and principal payments are adjusted upward for inflation, guaranteeing their real purchasing power in the future.They are important because they provide a safe, inflation-proof asset for savers and they may allow the Treasury to borrow more easily at a lower current cost.60. Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62. The reduction in the money supply raises the interest rate. So the return on bonds increases relative to the return on stocks. The increase in the interest rate also causes spending to fall so that revenues and profits fall making shares of ownership in corporations less valuable.63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy. By the time the president and Congress can agree to and pass legislation changing expenditures or taxes, the recession may have ended. The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy.64. 当政府支出30亿美元购买警车时，直接投资增加警车生产企业的利润，这种增加又使该企业雇佣更多工人，并增加生的。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案
B 卷）宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案（一、名词解释题分）分，共15（本题型共5题。
每题3．充分就业．基础货币 5．平衡预算乘数 3．流动性偏好 41．国内生产总值 2一个国家或地区在一定时期内运用生产要素所生产的全．国内生产总值：1部最终产品（物品和劳务）的市场价值。
政府的收入和支出同时且以同数量变动时国民收入的变2．平衡预算乘数：动与政府收入支出变动的比率。
．流动性偏好：即对货币的需求，由于货币具有使用上的灵活性，人们宁3可牺牲利息收入而储存不生息货币来保持财富的心理倾向。
．基础货币：商业银行的准备金总额（法定的和超额的）加上非银行部门4持有的通货是存款扩张的基础，被称为基础货币。
．充分就业：在广泛的意义上指一切生产要素（包含劳动）都有机会以自5己意愿的报酬参加生产的状态。
二、单项选择题（本题型共30题。
每题正确答案只有一个。
每题1分，共30分）1．下列哪一项将不计入当年的GDP？（）．．．A．当年整修过的古董汽车所增加的价值；B．一辆新汽车的价值；C．一辆二手汽车按其销售价格计算的价值；D．一台磨损的高尔夫球清洁机器的替换品。
1 C ；．2．在以支出法计算国内生产总值时，不属于投资的是（）。
．．．A．某企业增加一笔存货；B．某企业建造一座厂房；C．某企业购买一台计算机； D．某企业购买政府债券。
2 D ；．3．用收入法计算GDP时，不能计入GDP的是（）A．政府给公务员支付的工资；B．居民购买自行车的支出；C．农民卖粮的收入；D．自有住房的租金。
3 B ；．）（时，名义国民收入为：120缩减指数为GDP亿美元，1500为GDP．当实际4．A．1100亿美元； B．1500亿美元； C．1700亿美元； D．1800亿美元。
4 D ；．5．一个家庭当其收入为零时，消费支出为2000元；而当其收入为6000元时，其消费为6000元，在图形上，消费和收入之间成一条直线，则其边际消费倾向为（）。
A．2/3； B．3/4； C．4/5； D．1。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案(-B-卷)
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案（ 卷） 一、名词解释题（本题型共 题。
每题 分，共 分）．国内生产总值 ．平衡预算乘数 ．流动性偏好 ．基础货币 ．充分就业 ．国内生产总值：一个国家或地区在一定时期内运用生产要素所生产的全部最终产品（物品和劳务）的市场价值。
．平衡预算乘数：政府的收入和支出同时且以同数量变动时国民收入的变动与政府收入支出变动的比率。
．流动性偏好：即对货币的需求，由于货币具有使用上的灵活性，人们宁可牺牲利息收入而储存不生息货币来保持财富的心理倾向。
．基础货币：商业银行的准备金总额（法定的和超额的）加上非银行部门持有的通货是存款扩张的基础，被称为基础货币。
．充分就业：在广泛的意义上指一切生产要素（包含劳动）都有机会以自己意愿的报酬参加生产的状态。
二、单项选择题（本题型共 题。
每题正确答案只有一个。
每题 分，共 分）．下列哪一项将不计入．．．当年的☝？（ ）✌．当年整修过的古董汽车所增加的价值； ．一辆新汽车的价值；．一辆二手汽车按其销售价格计算的价值； ．一台磨损的高尔夫球清洁机器的替换品。
． ；．在以支出法计算国内生产总值时，不属于．．．投资的是（ ）。
✌．某企业增加一笔存货； ．某企业建造一座厂房；．某企业购买一台计算机； ．某企业购买政府债券。
． ；．用收入法计算☝时，不能计入☝的是（ ）✌．政府给公务员支付的工资； ．居民购买自行车的支出；．农民卖粮的收入； ．自有住房的租金。
． ；．当实际☝为 亿美元，☝缩减指数为 时，名义国民收入为：（ ）✌． 亿美元； ． 亿美元； ． 亿美元； ． 亿美元。
． ；．一个家庭当其收入为零时，消费支出为 元；而当其收入为 元时，其消费为 元，在图形上，消费和收入之间成一条直线，则其边际消费倾向为（）。
✌． ； ． ； ． ； ． 。
宏观经济学期末试卷及答案
宏观经济学期末试卷及答案山东经济学院《宏观经济学》试卷一、单项选择题:(以下各题的备选答案中,只有一项是正确的。
将正确的序号填在括号内。
)1、在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中数值最小的是：A、国内生产净值B、个人收入C、个人可支配收入D、国民收入E、国内生产总值2、下列哪一项应计入GDP中：A、面包厂购买的面粉B、购买40股股票C、家庭主妇购买的面粉D、购买政府债券E、以上各项都不应计入。
3、计入GDP的有：A、家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收入B、拍卖毕加索作品的收入C、出神股票的收入D、晚上为邻居照看儿童的收入E、从政府那里获得的困难补助收入4、在下列各项中，属于经济中的注入因素是A、投资；B、储蓄；C、净税收；D、进口。
5、政府支出乘数A、等于投资乘数B、比投资乘数小1C、等于投资乘数的相反数D、等于转移支付乘数E、以是说法都不正确6、在以下情况中，投资乘数最大的是A、边际消费倾向为0.7；B、边际储蓄倾向为0.2；C、边际储蓄倾向为0.4；D、边际储蓄倾向为0.3。
7、国民消费函数为C=80+0.8Y，如果消费增加100亿元，国民收入A、增加100亿元；B、减少100亿元；C、增加500亿元；D、减少500亿元。
8、如果政府支出增加A、对IS曲线无响应B、IS曲线向右移动C、IS曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确9、政府税收的增加将A、对IS曲线无响应B、IS曲线向右移动C、IS曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确10、位于IS曲线左下方的收入与利率的组合，都是A、投资大于储蓄；B、投资小于储蓄；C、投资等于储蓄；D、无法确定。
11、当经济中未达到充分就业时，如果LM曲线不变，政府支出增加会导致A、收入增加、利率上升；B、收入增加、利率下降；C、收入减少、利率上升；D、收入减少、利率下降。
12、一般地，在IS曲线不变时，货币供给减少会导致A、收入增加、利率上升；B、收入增加、利率下降；C、收入减少、利率上升；D、收入减少、利率下降。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案 A 卷一、名词解释题本题型共5题。
每题2分共10分将答案写在答题纸上1国民生产总值 2. 消费函数 3. 充分就业 4 经济周期 5. 菲利普斯曲线二、单项选择题本题型共30题。
每题正确答案只有一个从每题的备选答案中选出正确的答案将其英文字母编号填入答题纸上相应的空格内。
每题1分共30分1、今年的名义国内生产总值大于去年的名义国内生产总值说明 A.、今年物价水平一定比去年高了B、今年生产的物品和劳务的总量一定比去年增加了C、今年的物价水平和实物产量水平一定都比去年提高了D、以上三种说法都不一定正确。
2、一国的国内生产总值小于国民生产总值说明该国公民从外国取得的收入外国公民从该国取得的收入 A.、大于B、小于C、等于D、可能大于也可能小于。
3、两部门的均衡是A: IS B: IGST C: IGXSTM D: ADAS。
4、一般地说通货膨胀会使。
A债权人受损债务人受益B债权人受益债务人受损C债权人和债务人都受益D债权人和债务人都受损。
5、在货币总量不变条件下当物价上升货币投机需求减少利率上升从而抑制投资需求和居民信贷消费需求导致产出的下降这种效应被称为 A. 净出口效应 B. 利率效应 C.实际余额效应 D.财富效应。
6、总需求曲线向下倾斜的原因之一是 A. 随着价格水平下降家庭的实际财富下降他们将增加消费 2 B. 随着价格水平上升家庭的实际财富下降他们将减少消费 C.随着价格水平下降家庭的实际财富上升他们将减少消费 D. 随着价格水平上升家庭的实际财富上升他们将增加消费。
7、在LM曲线即定时扩张性的财政政策使IS曲线向。
A: 上移B: 下移C: 不变D: 无联系。
8、假设银行利率为6在下列几项投资中投资者应该选择 A.类投资的平均资本收益率最高的是 2 B.类投资的平均资本收益率最高的是 5 C.类投资的平均资本收益率最高的是8 D.无法确定。
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《宏观经济学》模拟试题及参考答案
第Ⅰ部分模拟试题
一、填空题（每空1分，共10分）
1、平均消费倾向表示消费支出与可支配收入之比。
2、在二部门经济中，均衡的国民收入是总支出和国民收入相等时的国民收入。
3、宏观财政政策包括财政收入政策和财政支出政策。
4、交易余额和预防余额主要取决于国民收入，投机余额主要取决于利息率。
5、宏观货币政策的主要内容有调整法定准备金率、公开市场操作、调整贴现率。
二、判断题（下列各题，如果您认为正确，请在题后的括号中打上“√”号，否则请打上“×”号，每题1分，共10分）
1、财政政策的内在稳定器有助于缓和经济的波动。
（对）
2、从短期来说，当居民的可支配收入为0时，消费支出也为0。
（×）。
3、消费曲线的斜率等于边际消费倾向。
（√）
4、当某种商品的价格上涨时，我们就可以说，发生了通货膨胀。
（×），
5、投机动机的货币需求是国民收入的递增函数。
（×）
6、当投资增加时，IS曲线向右移动。
（对）
7、在IS曲线的右侧，I<S。
（对）
8、国内生产总值等于各种最终产品和中间产品的价值总和。
（错）
9、在国内生产总值的计算中，所谓商品，只包括有形的实物产品。
（错）。
10、边际消费倾向是大于1的正数。
（错）
三、单项选择题（请从下列各题后的三个被选答案中选出一个正确答案，并
将其代号填入括号中，每题2分，共20分）
1、消费曲线位于45º线的上方表明，储蓄是（ c ）。
A、正数
B、0
C、负数
2、在边际储蓄倾向等于20%时，边际消费倾向等于（ b ）。
A、20%
B、80%
C、30%
3、当总需求增加时，国民收入将（c ）。
A、减少
B、不变
C、增加
4、假定边际储蓄倾向等于20%，则增加100万美元的投资，可使国民收入增加（b ）。
A、200万美元
B、500万美元
C、800万美元
5、哪一对变量对国民收入具有同样大的乘数作用（b ）。
A、政府支出和政府减税
B、消费支出和投资支出
C、政府减税和政府支出
6、假定边际消费倾向等于60%，政府同时增加20万美元的支出和税收，将使国民收入（a ）。
A、增加20万美元
B、保持不变
C、增加12万美元
7、要消除通货膨胀缺口，政府应当（c）。
A、增加公共工程支出
B、增加福利支出
C、增加税收
8、技术的进步造成部分人不适应新的工作要求，由此产生的失业是（b ）。
A、自愿失业
B、结构性失业
C、需求不足的失业
9、如果通货膨胀没有被预料到，则通货膨胀的受益者是（a ）
A、股东
B、债权人
C、退求金领取者
10、下面哪一种说法表达了加速原理（c ）
A、消费支出随着投资支出增长率的变化而变化；
B、国民收入随着投资支出的变化而变化；
C、投资支出随着国民收入增量的变化而变化
四、简答题（每题5分，共25分）
1、财政政策的内在稳定器为什么能稳定经济？
累进税，社会福利支出和维持农产品价格
2、国内生产总值与国民生产总值有何区别？
3、简要回答凯恩斯学派货币政策的主要内容。
4、乘数原理与加速原理有什么区别和联系？
5、通货膨胀的原因是什么？
五、论述题
1、按照凯恩斯学派的现代货币理论，货币供给是怎样对经济产生影响的？
2、短期消费函数与长期消费函数有何区别？
3、均衡国民收入是怎样变化的？
六、计算题（15分）
假如某经济社会的的消费函数为 C = 100 + 0.8Y 投资为50单位。
试计算均衡的收入、消费和储蓄。
第Ⅱ部分参考答案
一、填空题
1、消费支出、可支配收入。
2、总支出、国民收入。
3、财政支出、财政收入。
4、国民收入、利息率。
5、调整贴现率、在公开市场上买卖政府债券。
二、判断题
1、√
2、×
3、√
4、×
5、×
6、√
7、√
8、×
9、× 10、×
三、单项选择题
1、C
2、B
3、C
4、B
5、B
6、A
7、C
8、B
9、A 10、C
四、简答题参考答案要点
1、财政政策的内在稳定器主要内容有：累进税、社会福利支出和农产品维持价格。
内在稳定器的注入量使国民收入逆方向变化，漏出量与国民收入同方向变化，所以，对经济的波动在一定程度上起着缓解的作用。
2、国内生产总值是指在一个国家的境内一定时期所生产的以货币来表示的物品和劳务的总值。
国民生产总值则是指在一定时间所生产的以货币来表示的物品和劳务的总值。
国民生产总值在反映的一个国家的居民从事生产性活动所取得的收入时，加上本国居民从国外取得的工资、利息和利润等收入，但减去外国居民从本国取得的工资、利息和利润等收入。
而国内生产总值则不考虑从国外得到的或向国外支付的生产性收入，它反映一个国家在国内实际生产的物品和劳务的总值。
3、本题的要点：1、凯恩斯学派货币政策的主要内容是调整法定准备金率、调整贴现率和公开市场业务；要点2：回答各个要点的具体内容；要点3：回答各种手段的具体运用条件。
4、乘数原理与加速原理是两个不同的原理，首先，前者说明净投资对国民收入的影响，后者说明国民收入增量对净投资的影响，其次，前者是短期的分析，后者是长期的分析。
但是，乘数原理与加速原理也存在一定的联系。
首先，根据前者，投资的变化将会引起数倍的国民收入的变化；根据后者，国民收入增量的变化，引起净投资加速的变化，；其次，从长期和动态的过程来看，乘数发生作用以后，加速数接着会发生作用，成数又接着发生作用，如此继续下去。
5、要点1：从原因来说，通货膨胀分为需求拉上通货膨胀、成本推进通货
膨胀、预期引起的通货膨胀、惯性的通货膨胀；要点2：简述各种原因的具体内容
五、论述题要点。
1、要点1：货币供给对经济影响的第一个环节是它对利息率的影响；货币供给对经济产生影响的第二个环节是利息率对投资的影响；货币供给对经济产生影响的第三个环节是投资对国民收入的影响；要点2：简述、图示各环节的变化方向。
2、短期消费曲线是与纵轴相交的曲线，长期消费曲线是经过原点的曲线；短期消费曲线与45º线相交，长期消费曲线在45º线下方。
在短期，边际消费倾向递减，消费曲线是一条上凸的曲线，在长期，边际消费倾向保持稳定，消费曲线是一条直线。
3、以已形成的均衡的国民收入为起点，令消费支出、投资支出、政府支出、出口、储蓄、政府税收或政府进口发生变化，分析由此带来的总支出曲线、注入曲线或漏出曲线移动，并求出新的均衡的国民收入，比较原均衡国民收入和现均衡国民收入，说明均衡国民收入的变化。
六、计算题。
解： Y = (100+50)/(1-0.8)
= 750 (单位)
C = 100 + 0.8×750 = 700 (单位)
S = Y – C
= 750 – 700
= 50 (单位)
提示：请参考教材218页。