8A 期末复习综合试卷
牛津英语8A 期末总复习一
初二英语期末复习(综合练习一)一、词汇1.________ ( 旅行) by train is much faster than by bus .2.I won’t go hiking with you if it _________ (下雨) tomorrow .3.Is it ________ ( 真实的) that a dog helped an old man out of a fire ?4.Tom felt too _______ ( 恐惧) to say a word .5.This mountain is a little ________ ( 高) than that one .6.Do you know the old saying ‘Seeing is _______ ( 相信) ?7.There are a few trees on both _______ (边) of the streets .8.The bad news ________ ( 使…担忧) the old man very much .9.We all looked at each other in _____(害怕) when the earthquake started.10.The little girl looked___________(悲伤地)at the dead cat.11.About an hour later, the earth stopped___________(震动).12.The____________(交通)in cities is getting heavier with more and more cars.13.His father’s words__________(鼓励)him to keep on trying in those difficult years.14.I am able to work out the problem,but he is_________(不能)to.15.He likes telling lies.He’s a_____________(不诚实的)man.16.It’s raining hard,so it is much___________(潮湿的)today.17.A number of (参观者) come to the Great Wall every year.18.We all know the importance of________(保护)wetlands.19.The boy hurt his leg and it was not very_________(严重的).20.Don’t talk so__________(大声).Somebody is sleeping in the next room.21.I looked for my wallet____________(到处),but I couldn’t find it.22.I thought you were__________________(讨论)the project with Daniel at that time.23.These stories are all about_____________________(自然的)disasters.24.August is the________________(多风的)month of the year in Beijing.25.Put on more clothes tomorrow.It will be_________(下雪)二、动词填空1.Look! How hard it_________(snow)outside.2.Suddenly,I heard someone__________(scream)in the old building.I felt frightened.3.The old man’s house caught fire because lightning____________(hit)it.4.__________he__________(make)a snowman when you saw him?5.__________you_________(hear)about the fire in a school in Britain last week?6.It is important for us to do something___________(stop)sandstorms.7.Mm! Something___________(smell)very good !8.I__________(sleep)when it started to snow last night.9.It’s impolite____________(shout)at the old.10.I __________ ( drive) to Beijing when my car broke down.三、词形变化1.I felt that I was_______________(welcome),so I left.2.If you don’t show good manners to others.You’re__________(polite).3. A lot of students went to the beach,__________(include)Kate and John.4.___________(walk) on the snakes is very dangerous for people.5.Thanks for agreeing_____________(show) some photos to us.6.If you are in _____________(dangerous) , calm down first.7.You can take these actions _____________(protect) your face.8.There __________(be ) no giant pandas in the world if we ___________(not do) anything.9.If you keep____________(exercise) , you’ll be much __________(health).10.It is____________(correct)to hunt or fish in the natural reserve.11.The___________(hunt)always hunt tigers for their fur and bones.12.I think it’s __________ ( use ) to talk with him. It’s difficult to change his mind.13.The surface of the sea looks_______ (shine) in the sun.14.Only 32 people stayed_______ (live) after the burning of the BRT on the highway inGuangdong.15.The students were fast_______ (sleep) after they returned from the school trip.四、句型转换1.The little girl never ate the mooncakes before .(1~8划线部分提问)2. My mother has to stay in hospital for a long time .3. The Smiths will be back from Paris in a few days .4. His home is about three kilometers away from his school .5. It takes half an hour to walk here from my school .6. The weather will be foggy tomorrow .7. We won’t go with you because the weather is getting worse .8. Mary is slim and her hair is short .9. They went to watch the final match by coach . ( 9~16 同义句)They ______ _______ ______ to watch the final match .10. Amy’s notebooks are different from Daniel’s .Amy’s notebooks aren’t _______ _______ _______ Daniel’s .11. We didn’t remember when we visited that farm .We didn’t remember ________ _______ ________ that farm .12. Mille went to the factory by bike last Sunday .Mille ______ _______ the factory last Sunday .13. Linda studies hardest in our class .Linda studies _______ than ________ ________ _______ in our class .14. There are some other things in the box .There ______ _______ ________ in the box .15. How long did it take her to walk to school ?How long did she _______ _______ to school ?16. Kitty is three months old . Mimi is three months old ,too .Kitty is ______ _______ _______ _______ Mimi .五、翻译句子1.老师总是面带微笑地走进教室。
【8A版】教科版八年级物理下学期期末考试卷
八年级下学期期末考试物理试题卷20KK 年6月 说明:1、本卷共四大题,26小题,全卷满分100分,考试时间为100分钟。
2、考试中书写单位时,均要用字母标注,整卷三次以上未用字母标注的,最多可扣1分。
3、本卷分为试题卷和答题卷,答案要求写在答题卷上,不得在试题卷上作答,否则不给分。
一填空题(共16分,每空1分)1、20KK 年4月1日全球最大的太阳能动力船“星球太阳号”,在德国基尔下水如图1所示,开始行程4万公里,需140天的环球之旅.船最大排水量60吨,则受到的最大浮力是__________N 。
(g=10N/kg )2、如图2所示的钳子是人们日常生活中常用的工具,它的钳柄上刻有花纹是为了增大 ;钳口较薄,是为了增大 .使用钳子剪铁丝时,它是 (填“省力”“费力”或“等臂”)杠杆,用力越大,铁丝越容易剪断,说明力的作用效果与力 的 有关.3、小明用弹簧测力计水平拉着重10N 的木块在水平木板上做匀速直线运动,此时弹簧测力计的示数如图3所示,则木块受到的摩擦力是 N ,若小明拉着木块匀速向右移动了0.5m ,重力对木块做的功是 J .4、在物理学中,对不同的事物进行比较,需要引入不同的物理量。
例如,要比较物体运动的快慢,需要引入速度;要比较做功的快慢,需要引入 ;要比较压力的作用效果,需要引入 。
5、物体重200N ,绳向上的拉力F 为100N ,则物体对地面的压力为 N ,此物体受到的合力是 N 。
6、刘翔进行跨栏比赛时,在跃起身体上栏的过程中, 能转化为 能,当到达终点时由于 而不能立即停下。
7、利用增大受力面积来减小压强的实例在我们生活和生产中非常普通,如:推土机安装履带、建房时要先构筑地基等,请你再举一事例: 。
8、利用一个定滑轮和一个动滑轮组成的滑轮组,匀速向上提起重为90N 的物体,如果拉力的方向竖直向下,则实际拉力的大小应大于 N 。
二、选择题(共20分,把你认为正确的答案序号填写在题后的括号内.第9~12小题,每小题只有一个正确答案,每小题3分;第13、14小题为不定项选择,每小题有一个或几个正确答案,每小题4分,全部选择正确得4分.不定项选择正确但不全得2分,不选、多选或错选得0分)9、目前,制造中国自己航母的呼声越来越高,如图4所示是某位网友提供的中国航母的设想图。
上宝8A第一学期期末复习卷U1U3
上宝8A第一学期期末复习卷U1U3上宝中学2012学年第一学期初二英语期末复习卷(一)(8AU1-U3)1.It’s time for supper. Rick should ____________home soon.A. arriveB. get atC. get toD. arrive up2.Susan with her parents _____________ in London.A. is livingB. are livingC. liveD. has live3.The mobile phone is not expensive. It only ___________me 500 yuan.A. costB. spentC. tookD. paid4.I’ve been living _________ for four years now.A. on my ownB. with my ownC. of my ownD. mine5.-----_________will you attend the meeting?-------__________.A. How soon; One hourB. How soon; After one hourC. When; In one hourD. When ; At 5.00 p.m.6.It’s _________to travel by air than by train.A. more quicklyB. much quicklyC. much quickerD. quick7.The girl _________on the chair is my best friend.A. sittingB. sitsC. who sittingD. sat8.I didn’t know _________ the book.A. how much he paid forB. he spend how much onC. how much he had spent onD. he had spent how much on9.The ugly man wanted to _________the purse _______a lady.A. steal, ofB. rob, ofC. steal, fromD. rob, from10.How long has your brother _____the youth league?A. joinedB. taken part inC. attendedD. been in11. The teacher who _____ a class is a class teacher.A. is in charge ofB. is in the charge ofC. is responsibility forD. in charge of12. Jack’s mother was busy ______ her business yesterday.A. forB. inC. withD. at13. Mary really didn’t know how to ______ the trouble by herself, so she always had trouble ______ most of the things.A. deal with, withB. do with, withC. deal with, inD. do with, in14. –How many students are there in the classroom now?-- ______.A. Not oneB. NoneC. NothingD. Nobody15. We hope _______ my questions as quickly as possibly.A. the teacher to answerB. that the teacher would answerC. the teacher will answerD. the teacher’s answering16. There is a book in one of my hands. Guess what is in my ______ hand?A. anotherB. the otherC. otherD. others17. What he said made us ______.A. excitedB. excitingC. excitementD. excite18. –Would you like me to carry this suitcase for you?-- _______.A. Yes, I’d love toB. That’s very kind of youC. Never mindD. That’s all right19. Your cousin Linda looked upset. Did you ask her _______.A. what was happened to herB. what she happenedC. what she had happened toD. what had happened to her20. There are _______ mistakes in your exam papers.A. so muchB. countlessC. lot ofD. such few21.David hasn’t decided when he ____________ to Beijing.A.goesB.will goC.would goD.has gone23. ___________of us knew what he really meant.A.Almost everyoneB.Nearly noneC.Almost noneD.Nearly everyone24.I find ____________hard for some of us to communicate withthe parents because of the generation gap.A.thatB.thisC.itD.its25.Could you please tell me ___________?A.where was the the new airport locatedB.where the new airport is locatedC.where was the new airport locatedD.where the new airport was located26.Can you __________ it in French?A.sayB.speakC.tellD.speak27.He said he would travel around the world _________ after growing up.A.some timeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.some times28.Dad has promised us to have a ____________ holiday with us soon.A.seven-daysB.seven-dayC.seven days’D.seven day29.When he was in Beijing, he met ___________ and talked with him for a long time.A.one of his friends’B.one of his friendC.a friend of hisD.a friend of him30._________ important water is in our life!A.HowB.WhatC.How anD.What an31.The food _____my hometown tastes quite similar _____ that there.A. in,likeB. to,fromC. from,toD. in,from32.which sentence is different from the other three?A. What’s happeningB. What’s up?C.What’s like?D. What’s going on33.He is so___that we all felt so___ when he spoke.A. bored,boredB. bored, boringC. boring, boredD. boring,boring34. He is_____ five feet 2 inches all.A. fewerB. fewer thanC. least thanD. less than36. ---Have you finished your____ homework?---Yes, I have already handed it to the____ teacher.A. physic, physicalsB. physical, physicalC. physics, physicalD. physics, physics37. ---What happened to him?---__________________.A. Something unusuallyB. Unusually somethingC. Something unusualD. Unusual something38. The Amazon is longer than ____ in China.A. any riversB. any riverC. any other riverD. any other rivers39. The number of the workers in that factory______ in the last four years.A. has raisedB. have raisedC. has risenD. have risen40. The band are hoping to ____ a UK show before the end of the year.A. put offB. put downC. put upD. put onII. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms32. The government has announced an programme to improve the railway network. (ambition) ambitious33. In fact, I found some of the students are smart but act . (responsibility) irresponsibly34. We call those who do their job with a farm hand “dragon ladies”. (busy) businesswomen35. You’d better give a full which agrees with the facts of the situation. (explain) explanation36. “Give me a as soon as possible,” the boss said. (responsible) response37. China Daily, the newspaper publishes globally, has of 500,000 each day. (sell) sale38. I often hear the couple with each other about the chores. (argue) argue39. Her to pass the maths test made her very sad. (fial) failure40. After a long flight, she still looked . (energy) energetic41. Dad bought me an dictionary as my birthday present. (electric) electronic42. After the I return to my home and relax for an hour. (perform) performance43. With the development of the , many come to Shanghai for a visit. (tour) tourism, tourists44. During the , the always answer the questions politely. (interview) interview, interviewees45. As we all know, there are (hide) computers in some (electricity) appliances. hidden, electrical46. He looked at the photos they took together last summer. (excite) excitedly47. The micro oven is really a good helper when we food. (hot) heatIII Rewrite the following sentence as required. (根据所给要求,改写下列句子,每空格限填一词):46 Jack successfully completed the tough task.(保持句义基本不变)Jack _________ _________ __________ the tough task.47 “Can you help me repair the bike?” Mary asked Jack.(保持句义基本不变)Mary asked Jack ______ ________ _________ help her repair the bike.48 To her great surprise, she didn’t pass the listening test.(保持句义基本不变)To her great surprise, she _________ ________ the listening test.49 Johnson was in charge of training new staff in that company.(保持句义基本不变)Johnson _________ ___________ ___________ training new staff in that company.Johnson _________ ___________ ___________ training new staff in that company.50 Do you know whose house this was in the 20th century?(保持句义基本不变)Do you know ________ ________ this house in the 20th century?51 The shy boy wondered, “How should I start my speech?”(合并成一句)The shy boy wondered______ ______ _________start his speech.52 The news report is very wonderful.(改为感叹句)_________ ________ wonderful news report it is!53 She asked me if I would go to the cinema the next day.(改为简单句)She asked me ________ _______ go to the cinema the next day.54 He asked the woman shop assistant, “Can I use your mobile phone?”(改为间接引语)He asked the woman shop assistant _______ ________ ________ use ______ pnone.55 Can you tell me what you have done with your old radio?(句意相同)Can you tell me ______ you have ______ ________ your old radio?56 You must work hard, or you won’t achieve good grades.(句意相同)_______ you________work hard, you won’t achieve good grades.Work hard, _______ ________ achieve good grades.57 We followed the men there.(保持原意)We ________ _________ the men there.58. It’s impossible for human to live on the Mars in the near future.(反义疑问句)It’s impossible for human to live on the Mars in the near future,_________ _________?60 What were the singers keen on when they were at university?(保持原意)What were the singers ________ _______ when they were at university?61 Linlin often communicate with her American friend to practice English.(保持原意)Linlin often practices English ________ _______ with her American friend.62. The man went aboard the ferry in a hury.(保持句意不变)The man ________ ________the ferry.The keys:1-5 AAAAD 6-10 CACCD 11-15BACAC 16-20CABDB 21-25(无22题)BCCB 26-30ABBCA 31-40 CCCDB DCCAC 句转46. succeeded in completing47 whether he could48 failed in49 was responsible for; took charge of50 who owned51 how he should52 What a53 whether to54 whether he could her55 how dealt with56 If don’t57 went after58 isn’t it59 interested in60 by communicating61 hurried aboard。
八年级期末综合复习(一)
2013~2014学年度第一学期期末教学质量抽测八年级物理一、选择题(本题共14,题,每小题2分,共28分)注意:第1~11题中,每题只有一个选项正确。
1.行驶汽车里的人,看到树木向后退所选的参照物是 ( )A.树木B.地面C.乘客乘坐的汽车D.天空中的云2.用嘴向有少量水的啤酒瓶内吹气,会发出呜呜的响声,这响声是( )A.瓶子发出的B.瓶内的空气发出的C.嘴唇发出的D.瓶内的水发出的3.下列各过程经历的时间最接近1s的是 ( )A.人眼睛迅速一眨B.人心脏跳动一次C.人正常呼吸一次D.人打一个呵欠4.下列有关声音的实例中,与“响度”有关的是 ( )A.夏日买西瓜,要捧起来拍几下听听声音B.人们在买陶制品时,习惯用手敲一敲,再用耳朵听一听C.用水壶往保温瓶中灌水,声音在变化D.课堂上回答问题时要大点声,自习课研究问题时要小点声5.现在有一种叫“固体清新剂”的商品,把它放置在厕所、汽车、饭店内,能有效地清新空气、预防感冒等,“固体清新剂”发生的物态变化是 ( )A.熔化B.凝华C.汽化D.升华6.把一瓶啤酒放在冰箱冷冻室内,里面的啤酒结成冰后把瓶子胀破了,这是因为啤酒冻结后()A.质量不变,体积变大了B.质量变大,体积也变大了C.质量体积均不变D.质量变小,体积也变小了7.图所示,小明在桌上放了四面小平面镜,若想透过镜子看到上方的乒乓球,则透过那面镜子可以看到 ( )8.下列现象中,属于光的折射现象的是()A.斜插入水中的筷子,从水面上看,水下部分向上弯折了B.从平面镜中看见自己的像C.在太阳光照射下大树出现了“影子”D.平静的水面映出岸上的景物9.能说明“液体可以传播声音”的事例是 ( )A.我们听到雨滴打在雨伞上的“嗒嗒”声B.我们听到树枝上小鸟的“唧唧”声C.将要上钩的鱼被岸边的说话声吓跑D.人在小溪边听到“哗哗"的流水声10.三个完全相同的杯子,里面装满了水,把质量相等的铜块、铁块、铝块分别没入三个杯子里(已知三种金属的密度ρ铜>ρ铁>ρ铝),则从杯子里溢出水量最多的是( )A.放铜块的杯子B.放铁块的杯子C.放铝块的杯子D.溢出的水一样多11.两只相同的杯子置放在窗前,里面分别盛放等高的水和酒精。
知识点复习苏科版八年级物理上册期末综合复习试题 A卷(详解版)
苏科版八年级物理上册期末综合复习试题 A卷考试时间:90分钟;命题人:教研组考生注意:1、本卷分第I卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,满分100分,考试时间90分钟2、答卷前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、班级填写在试卷规定位置上3、答案必须写在试卷各个题目指定区域内相应的位置,如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带,不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第I卷(选择题 15分)一、单选题(5小题,每小题3分,共计15分)1、随着“互联网+5G”时代的到来,人类的生活越来越智能化。
如图所示是智能机器人和人进行互动交流的情景,下列说法正确的是()A.机器人是高科技产品,它发出的声音不是由物体振动产生的B.机器人与人用语言交流是利用声音可以传递信息C.机器人的声音在空气中的传播速度是3×108m/sD.机器人发出的声音可以在真空中传播2、以下是小明估计的常见温度值,其中合理的是()A.中考考场的室温约为50℃B.冰箱保鲜室中矿泉水的温度约为﹣15℃C.洗澡时淋浴水温约为70℃D.健康成年人的腋下体温约为37℃3、已知凸透镜的焦距为15 cm。
下列说法正确的是()A.当物体距凸透镜10cm时,成正立、放大的实像B.当物体距凸透镜15cm时,成正立、放大的虚像C.当物体距凸透镜20cm时,成倒立、放大的实像D.当物体距凸透镜35cm时,成倒立、放大的实像4、下列说法正确的是()A.由v=st可知,速度与路程成正比,与时间成反比B.正在进站的和谐号动车可近似看成做匀速直线运动C.做匀速直线运动的物体,其通过的路程与它的时间成正比D.做变速直线运动的物体,可以用速度精确的描述物体运动的快慢5、如图所示为二青会火炬传递的现场,手持火炬的火炬手领跑,火炬护跑队员保持固定距离跟随在两侧。
对于上述现象下列分析正确的是()A.以火炬手为参照物,火炬是运动的B.以护跑队员为参照物,火炬是静止的C.以观众为参照物,护跑队员是静止的D.以火炬为参照物,地面是静止的第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 85分)二、填空题(5小题,每小题4分,共计20分)1、下列给出的三幅图,分别主要运用了什么光学知识?A.手影 B.小丑照镜子 C.渔夫叉鱼答:A. ______ ;B. ______ ;C. ______2、医生在给病人打针时,先用酒精擦拭病人的皮肤消毒,病人感到皮肤比较凉,这是因为酒精___________(填物态变化名称)吸热的缘故;护士测量病人体温用的体温计是利用液体___________的性质制成的。
牛津英语8A 期末总复习二
初二英语期末复习(综合练习二)一、词汇1.One of the _________ (青少年) called Max got the most points .2.How _______ ( 大) it is raining now !3.She looks very happy , there is a pleasant ________ ( 微笑) on her face .4.Before ________ (搬) to Beijing , they lived in Shanghai for many years .5.Mary ________________ (变得)very nervous when it was her turn to speak.6.My mother is busy_________(准备) the dinner for us. I think it’ll be ready soon.7. A flood__________(冲走)the house away last slimmer.8.Look! Some children are running in all_________(方向)9.When the____________(地震)started,Millie was in the shopping center.10.My sister_________(尖叫)when she saw a dog barking at her.11.It is_______ (吹) really hard outside. I lost my hair clip just now.12.Lily_______ (描述) the beauty of Guilin to me and made me really want to go there.13.It keeps raining these days._______ (幸好), it will be sunny next week.14.Unluckily, two people lost their lives in the traffic (事故).15.The little match girl _________ (死) on a cold morning.16.I __________(敢说)you will look very handsome in the grey suit.17.He had quite an_______ (糟糕的) day yesterday.18.I was so ___________(紧张不安) when I had a maths test.19.The _______________(温度) will be around 7℃.20.The sun _________(照耀) brightly. We felt so hot.二、动词填空1.Thanks for listening to my problem and_______ (keep) the secret for me.ura_______ (hurt) her left leg when she rode her new bicycle.3.-Did you see my son pass by five minutes ago?-Sorry, I didn't notice that. I_______ (read) a newspaper just now. .4.We'd better_______ (take) action right now. The animals need us.5.We can't wait_______ (decorate) the room with beautiful flowers.6.From now on, I_______ (not leave) you alone any more.7.He said the sun_______ (rise) in the east.8.We must take action_______ (prevent) the same thing_______ (happen) again.9.Bill_______ (come) into the room while I _______ (play) the computer games last night.10.I want to know if Jim_______ (come) to the party this evening. If he_______ (come), please ring me up.三、句型转换1.I thought these rare birds were red-crowned cranes.(改为否定句)I__________ ____________ these rare birds__________ red-crowned cranes.2.She is singing very nicely.(改为感叹句)__________ _____________she is singing !3. Work hard , or you will fall behind others.(改写同义句)________ you don’t work hard, you ______fall behind others.4. The girl sings very well.(对划线部分提问)the girl sing?5. They play basketball on the playground everyday.(用when it started to rain改写句子)They basketball on the playground when it started to rain.6. The weather is so bad.(改为感叹句)_______ _______weather!7.My mother often stays at home on rainy days.(改为同义句)My mother often stays at home when__________ _________.8.I didn’t know where I could go.(改为同义句)I didn t know_____________ ___________ ___________.9. It weighed 25 kg when it was 6 months old..(同义句)________ _________ _________ it ________25kg when it was 6 months old..10. Hunters kill most wild animals for their fur. (划线提问)__________ __________hunters ________ most wild animals?11. Tom didn’t go on a trip because he was badly ill. (同义句)Tom didn’t go on a trip because of __________ __________ _________.12. Because of the heavy snow, we didn’t go out for a walk. (同义句)Because _______ ________ ________ _______ ________, we didn’t go out for a walk.13. Many people died in the earthquake. (同义句)Many people __________ __________ _________ in the earthquake.四、句子翻译1.去年我去了一趟海南稍作了停留。
2024-2025学年人教版八年级上册数学 期末综合能力测评卷
八年级上册数学人教版期末综合能力测评卷一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)1.“甲骨文”是中国的一种古老文字,又称“契文”“殷墟文字”.下列甲骨文中,一定不是轴对称图形的是 ( )2.下列运算正确的是 ( )A.(3a²)³=9a⁶B.a³÷a³=aC.(a²)³=a⁵D.a²⋅a³=a⁵3.若点(-3,4)与点(a²,b²)关于y轴对称,则(a+b)(a-b)= ( )A. -1B.1C.7D. -124.平面内,将长分别为1,1,3,x的线段,首尾顺次相接组成凸四边形(如图),x的值可能是 ( )A.1B.3C.5D.75.如图,AD和BC交于点 E,已知AE=CE,则添加下列条件仍不能判定△ABE≌△CDE的是 ( )A. AB=CDB. BE=DEC.∠A=∠CD.∠B=∠D6.下列各式中,正确的是 ( )A.ba+2b =1a+2B.ba=b+2a+2C.−−a+bc =−a+bcD.a+2a−2=a2−4(a−2)27.如图,用一条宽度相等的足够长的纸条打一个结(如图1所示),然后轻轻拉紧、压平就可以得到如图2所示的正五边形ABCDE.图2 中,∠EAC的大小是 ( )A.36°B. 54°C. 72°D. 108°8.某工厂要加工 m个零件,甲队单独完成需 n 小时,乙队单独完成比甲队少用3小时,则两队一起加工这批零件需要多少小时? ( )A.n 2−3n3n−3B.n2−3n2n−3C.2n−3n2−3n D.mn+mn−39.在△ABC中,已知∠BAC=90°,AB≠AC,若用无刻度的直尺和圆规在BC 上找一点D,使△ACD 是等腰三角形,则下列作法中,正确的有 ( )A.②③B.①②C.①③D.①②③10.如图,在△ABC中,∠BAD=30°,将△ABD 沿AD 折叠至△ADB',∠ACB =2α,连接B'C,CB' 平分∠ACB, 则∠AB'D的度数是()A.60∘+α2B. 60°+αC.90∘−α2D. 90°-α二、填空题(本大题共5 小题,每小题3分,共15分)11.计算:(π−3.14)⁰+2⁻¹=12. “燕山雪花大如席,片片吹落轩辕台.”这是诗仙李白眼里的雪花. 单个雪花的质量其实很轻,只有0.000 03 kg左右,0.000 03 用科学记数法可表示为 .13.已知a+b=5, ab=3,则ba +ab=¯14.如图,线段AB,AC 的垂直平分线m,n 相交于点 O.连接OB,OC,若∠BOC=86°,则∠1=°.15.如图,∠AOB=45°,点 M,N 分别在射线 OA,OB上,MN=8,△OMN的面积为 12,P 是直线MN上的动点,点P 关于OA 对称的点为P₁,点P 关于OB 对称的点为P₂,当点P 在直线NM 上运动时,△OP₁P₂面积的最小值为 .三、解答题(本大题共8小题,共75 分)16.(6分)解答下列各题:(1)(3分)计算:(x+2)²+x(x−4);(2)(3分)分解因式:x²(m−n)+y²(n−m).17.(6分)先化简,再求值:1−x−y3x+y ÷x2−y29x2+6xy+y2,其中x=−2,y=1.18.(8分)如图,在△ABC中,∠ACB=3∠B,AD 平分∠BAC,CE⊥AD于点E,若∠BAC=60°,求∠DCE的度数.19.(8分)如图,在△ABC中,D是 BC 上一点(不与点B,C 重合),将DA 沿直线 BC 翻折得到 DE,将BD平移得到EF(点 B 与点 E 为对应点),连接DF.(1)求证:△ADB≅△DEF;(2)连接CF,若在点 D 的运动过程中,始终有.AD=CF,写出.△ABC需要满足的条件,并证明.20.(10分)党的二十大报告明确提出:“积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和”.某公司积极响应节能减排号召,决定采购新能源A 型和B 型两款汽车,已知每辆A 型汽车进价是每辆 B 型汽车进价的1.5倍,现公司用1 500 万元购进A 型汽车的数量比1 200 万元购进 B 型汽车的数量少20 辆.(1)求每辆 B型汽车进价是多少万元.(2)A型汽车利润率为5%,B型汽车利润率为8% ,那么该公司出售完此批汽车后总利润是多少元?21.(12 分)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,点A( -3,0),点B(-1,5).(1)①画出线段AB关于y轴对称的线段CD;②在y轴上找一点 P 使PA+PB 的值最小(保留作图痕迹);(2)按下列步骤,用不带刻度的直尺在线段 CD 找一点 Q使∠BAQ=45°.①在图中取点 E,使得 BE = BA,且BE⊥BA,则点 E 的坐标为;②连接AE 交 CD 于点 Q,则点 Q 即为所求.22.(12 分)把完全平方公式(a±b)²=a²±2ab+b²适当的变形,如:(a+b)²=(a−b)²+4ab等,这些变形可解决很多数学问题.例如:若a+b=3, ab=1,求a²+b²的值.解:因为 a +b =3, ab =1,所以(a+b)²=9,2ab=2,即a²+b²+2ab=9,2ab=2,所以a²+b²=7.根据上面的解题思路与方法,解决下列问题.(1)①若2m+n=3, mn=1,且2m>n,则2m-n = ;②我们知道(2-m)-(5-m) =-3,若(2-m) (5 - m) = 3,则(2−m)²+(5−m)²=.(2)如图,C 是线段AB 上的一点,以AC,BC 为边向两边作正方形,AB=5,两个正方形的面积和为15,设AC=x,BC=y,求图中阴影部分的面积.23.(13 分)探究等边三角形“手拉手”问题.(1)如图1,已知△ABC,△ADE均为等边三角形,点 D 在线段 BC 上,且不与点 B,C重合,连接CE,试判断 CE 与 BA 的位置关系,并说明理由;(2)如图2,已知△ABC,△ADE均为等边三角形,连接CE,BD,若∠DEC=60°,则∠ADB+∠ADE=度;(3)如图3,已知点E在等边三角形ABC外,点E,B 位于线段 AC 的异侧,连接 BE,CE. 若∠BEC=60°,,猜想线段 BE,AE,CE 三者之间的数量关系,并说明理由.。
极品人教版八年级数学上册期末复习测试题AB卷每道题都有详细解答含答案
八年级上册期末复习测试题A 卷一、选择题:1.下列图案是我国几家银行的标志,其中是轴对称图形的有( ).A .1个B .2个C .3个D .4个2.将平面直角坐标系内的△ABC 的三个顶点坐标的横坐标乘以-1,纵坐标不变,•则所得的三角形与原三角形( ).A .关于x 轴对称B .关于y 轴对称;C .关于原点对称D .无任何对称关系3.已知点P 1(a-1,5)和P 2(2,b-1)关于x 轴对称,则(a+b )2005的值为( ).A .0B .-1C .1D .(-3)20054.△ABC 为等腰直角三角形,∠C=90°,D 为BC 上一点,且AD=2CD ,则∠DAB=( ). A .30° B .45° C .60° D .15°5.已知一次函数y=mx+│m+1│的图像与y 轴交于点(0,3),且y 随x 的增大而增大,则m 的值为( ).A .2B .-4C .-2或-4D .2或-46.已知等腰三角形的周长为20cm ,将底边长y (cm )表示成腰长x (cm )•的函数关系式是y=20-2x ,则其自变量x 的取值范围是( ).A .0<x<10B .5<x<10C .一切实数D .x>0 7.弹簧的长度与所挂物体的质量关系为一次函数,由图可知,不挂物体时,•弹簧的长度为( ). A .7cm B .8cm C .9cm D .10cm8.在△MNP 中,Q 为MN 中点,且PQ ⊥MN ,那么下列结论中不正确的是( ).A .△MPQ ≌△NPQ;B .MP=NP;C .∠MPQ=∠NPQD .MQ=NP 9.如图所示,△ABC 为等边三角形,AQ=PQ ,PR=PS ,PR ⊥AB 于R ,PS ⊥AC 于S ,•则四个结论正确的是( ). ①点P 在∠A 的平分线上; ②AS=AR;③QP ∥AR; ④△BRP ≌△QSP.A .全部正确;B .仅①和②正确;C .仅②③正确;D .仅①和③正确10.如图所示,在一个月的四个星期天中,某校环保小组共搜集废电池226节,•星期天次序 1 2 3 4 搜集电池节数80635132下面四幅关于四个星期天搜集废电池节数的统计图中,正确的是( ).y/cmx/kg 2015105012.520QPOC BA二、填空题:1.一次函数y=-x+a 与一次函数y=x+b 的图像的交点坐标为(m ,8),则a+b=_____. 2.如图,∠AOP=∠BOP=15°,PC ∥OA ,PQ ⊥OA ,若PC=4,则PQ=_____.3.为美化烟台,市政府下大力气实施城市改造,今春改造市区主要街道,•街道两侧统一铺设长为20cm ,宽为10cm 的长方形水泥砖,若铺设总面积为10.8万平方米,•那么大约需水泥砖_______块(用科学计数法表示).4.分解因式:a 2b-b 3=_________.5.根据某市去年7月份中某21天的各天最高气温(℃)记录,制作了如图所示的统计图,由图中信息可知,最高气温达到35℃(包括35℃)以上的天数有________天.频数/天/C36353433313029012345C 'ODCBA6.如果△ABC 的边BC 的垂直平分线经过顶点A ,与BC 相交于点D ,且AB=•2AD ,•则△ABC 中,最大一个内角的度数为_______.7.如图所示,△BDC 是将长方形纸牌ABCD 沿着BD 折叠得到的,图中(包括实线、虚线在内)共有全等三角形________对.8.等腰三角形一腰上的中线把这个三角形的周长分成12cm 和21cm 两部分,•则这个等腰三角形的底边长是________. 9.如图所示,观察规律并填空:三、解答题: 1.化简求值: (1)已知|a+12|+(b-3)2=0,求代数式[(2a+b )2+(2a+b )(b-2a )-6b]÷2b 的值.(2)已知x+y=a ,x 2+y 2=b ,求4x 2y 2.(3)计算:(2+1)(22+1)(24+1)…(2128+1)+1.2.如图所示,在△ABC 中,∠ABC 和∠ACB 的平分线交于点O ,过O 点作EF ∥BC ,•交AB 于E ,交AC 于F ,若BE=3,CF=2,试求EF 的值.F E OBA3.在平面直角坐标系中有两条直线:y=35x+95和y=-32+6,它们的交点为P ,且它们与x 轴的交点分别为A ,B .(1)求A ,B ,P 的坐标;(2)求△PAB 的面积.4.如图所示,在△ABC 中,∠ACB=90°,CD ⊥AB 于D ,AE 平分∠BAC 交BC 于E ,交CD•于F ,FG ∥AB 交BC 于G .试判断CE ,CF ,GB 的数量关系,并说明理由.GF E CBAB 卷1.(学科内综合题)如图所示,∠ABC=90°,AB=BC ,AE 是角平分线,CD ⊥AE 于D ,•可得CD=12AE ,请说明理由.ECB A2.(探究题)如图,在△ABC中,∠B=2∠C,AD是∠BAC的平分线,那么AC与AB+BD•相等吗?为什么?EDCBA3.(实际应用题)如图所示,两根旗杆间相距12m,某人从B点沿BA走向A,一定时间后他到达点M,此时他仰望旗杆的顶点C和D,两次视线的夹角为90°,且CM=DM,已知旗杆AC的高为3m,该人的运动速度为1m/s,求这个人运动了多长时间?4.(2004年福州卷)如图所示,L1,L2分别表示一种白炽灯和一种节能灯的费用y(费用=灯的售价+电费,单位:元)与照明时间x(h)的函数关系图像,假设两种灯的使用寿命都是2000h,照明效果一样.(1)根据图像分别求出L1,L2的函数关系式.(2)当照明时间为多少时,两种灯的费用相等?(3)小亮房间计划照明2500h,他买了一个白炽灯和一个节能灯,请你帮他设计最省钱的用灯方法.5.(2004年河北卷)如图所示,点E是正方形ABCD的边CD上一点,点F是CB的延长线上一点,且EA⊥AF,求证:DE=BF.6.(图像题)如图所示,是我国运动员从1984~2000•年在奥运会上获得获牌数的统计图,请你根据统计图提供的信息,回答下列问题:(1)从1984~2000年的5届奥运会,我国运动员共获奖牌多少枚?(2)哪届奥运会是我国运动员获得的奖牌总数最多?(3)根据以上统计,预测我国运动员在2004年奥运会上大约能获得多少枚奖牌?计图.(5)你不妨再依据数据制作扇形统计图,比较一下,体会三种统计图的不同特点.参考答案一、1.C 解析:由轴对称图形的定义可判断只有第二个标志不是轴对称图形.2.B 解析:由题意可知,原△ABC的三个顶点坐标的横坐标与新△ABC•的三个顶点横坐标互为相反数,而纵坐标不变,故选B.提示:横坐标互为相反数,纵坐标相同的两个点关于y轴对称.3.B 解析:∵P1(a-1,5)和P2(2,b-1)关于x轴对称.∴12,51,ab-=⎧⎨=-⎩∴a=3,b=-4.∴(a+b)2005=(3-4)2005=-1.提示:由两点关于x轴对称的点的坐标规律可知a与b的值.4.D 解析:如答图所示.∵△ACB是等腰直角三角形,∴∠CAB=∠B=45°.在Rt△CAD中,∵CD=12 AD,∴∠CAD=30°,∴∠DAB=45°-30°=15°.提示:在直角三角形中,若一条直角边等于斜边的一半,• 则这条直角边所对的角为30°.5.A 解析:由题意知|1|3,0,mm+=⎧⎨>⎩∴m=2.提示:①∵(0,3)在直线上,∴把(0,3)代入解析式可求得m的值;②当m>0时,y•随x的增大而增大.6.B 解析:∵x,y为三角形的边且x为腰,∴0,0, 2. xyx y>⎧⎪>⎨⎪>⎩∴解不等式组得5<x<10.提示:注意考虑三角形的三边关系.7.D 解析:设y=kx+b,∵(5,12.5),(20,20)在直线上,∴12.55,2020,k bk b=+⎧⎨=+⎩∴1,210.kb⎧=⎪⎨⎪=⎩∴y=12x+10,当x=0时,y=10,故选D.8.D 解析:如答图所示.∵PQ⊥MN且平分MN,∴△MPQ≌△NPQ,∴MP=NP,∴∠MPQ=∠NPQ.∴A,B,C都正确,故选D.提示:由题意可知PQ是MN的垂直平分线,不难推出答案.9.A 解析:连结AP.∵PR⊥AB于R,PS⊥AC于S,且PR=PS,∴点P在∠A的平分线上,∴∠PAQ=30°.又∵AQ=PQ,∴∠PAQ=∠APQ=30°,∴∠PAQ=60°,∵△ABC是等边三角形,∴∠B=60°,∴∠B=∠PQS.又∵∠BRP=∠QSP=90°,PR=PS,∴△BRP≌△QSP.∵∠A=∠PQS=60°,∴PQ∥AR.∵AP=AP,PR=PS,∠PRA=∠PSA=90°,∴△PRA≌△PSA,∴AR=AS.提示:本题综合运用全等三角形、平行线、角的平分线的性质、•等腰三角形的性质来解决问题.10.C二、1.解:由题意知8, 8.m am b=-+⎧⎨=+⎩∴a=8+m,b=8-m,∴a+b=8+m+8-m=16.答案:16提示:交点坐标适合每一个函数的解析式.2.解析:如答图所示.∵PC∥OA,∠AOP=∠BOP=15°,∴∠BCP=30°.过点P作PM⊥OB于点M,∴在Rt△PCM中,PM=2.又∵OP平分∠AOB,PQ⊥OA,答案:23.解析:(10.8×104)÷(20×10×10-4)=(10.8×104)÷(2×10-2)=(10.8÷2)×(104÷10-2)=5.4×106.答案:5.4×106提示:①利用单项式除法法则进行计算;②注意单位统一;③科学记数法:a•×10n(1≤a<10,n为整数).4.解析:a2b-b3=b(a2-b2)=b(a+b)(a-b).答案:b(a+b)(a-b)5.解析:观察图表可知35℃与35℃所对应的频数是2,3,∴最高气温达到35℃(包括35℃)以上的天数有5天.答案:5提示:正确找出各个矩形所对应的频数是解决本题的关键.6.解析:如答图所示.∵AD是BC的垂直平分线,∴AB=AC,∴∠BAC=2∠BAD.在Rt△ABD中,∵AB=2AD,∴∠B=30°,∴∠BAD=60°,∴∠BAC=120°,∴△ABC中最大一个内角的度数为120°.答案:120°7.解析:全等三角形为Rt△ABD≌△RtCDB,Rt△ABD≌△RtBC′D,Rt△BC′D≌Rt△BCD,Rt△ABO≌Rt△DC′O.答案:48.解析:如答图所示.设AD=DC=x,BC=y,由题意得212,21,x xy x+=⎧⎨+=⎩或221,12,x xy x+=⎧⎨+=⎩解得4,17xy=⎧⎨=⎩或7,5.xy=⎧⎨=⎩当时4,17xy=⎧⎨=⎩,等腰三角形的三边为8,8,17,显然不符合三角形的三边关系.当时7,5.xy=⎧⎨=⎩,等腰三角形的三边为14,14,5,∴这个等腰三角形的底边长是5.提示:①分情况讨论;①考虑三角形的三边关系.9.解析:观察可知本题图案是由相同的偶数数字构成的轴对称图形, 故此题答案为6组成的轴对称图形. 三、解析:(1)∵│a+12│+(b+3)2=0, ∴a+12=0,b-3=0, ∴a=-12,b=3.[(2a+b )2+(2a+b )(b-2a )-6b]÷2b=(4a 2+b 2+4ab+b 2-4a 2-6b )÷2b =b+2a-3.把a=-12,b=3代入得 b+2a-3=3+2×(-12)-3=-1.提示:本题利用非负数的性质求出a ,b 的值.(2)∵(x+y )2=x 2+y 2+2xy ,∴a 2=b+2xy ,∴xy=22a b-.∴4x 2y 2=(2xy )2=(a 2-b )2=a 4-2a 2b+b 2. 提示:利用完全平方公式的变形,xy=222()()2x y x y +-+.(3)(2-1)(2+1)(22+1)(24+1)…(2128+1)+1=(2128)2-1+1=2256. 提示:将原式乘以(2-1),构造平方差公式的条件. 2.解析:∵BO 平分∠ABC ,∴∠ABO=∠OBC . 又∵EF ∥BC ,∠EOB=∠OBC , ∴∠ABO=∠EOB ,∴OE=BE . 同理可得CF=OF .∵BE=3,CF=2,∴EF=EO+OF=5.提示:利用等角对等边将EO ,FO 分别转化成BE 和CF . 3.解析:设P (x ,y ),由题意知39,553 6.2y x y x ⎧=+⎪⎪⎨⎪=-+⎪⎩∴2,3.x y =⎧⎨=⎩∴P (2,3). 直线y=35x+95与x 轴的交点A 的坐标为(-3,0),直线y=-32x+6与x 轴的交点B 的坐标为(4,0).如答图所示.S△PAB =12AB×PD=12×7×3=212.提示:①求两条直线,交点坐标的方法:解两个函数解析式联立的方程组.②求两条直线与坐标轴围成的三角形面积,要选择落在坐标轴上的边为底,高为第三点的横(纵)坐标的绝对值.4.解析:CE=CF=GB.理由:(1)∵∠ACB=90°,∴∠BAC+∠ABC=90°.∵CD⊥AB,∴∠ACD+∠CAD=90°.∴∠ACD=∠ABC.∵AE平分∠BAC,∴∠BAE=∠CAE.∵∠CEF=∠BAE+∠ABC,∠CEF=∠CAE+∠ACD,∴∠CEF=∠CFE,∴CE=CF(等角对等边).(2)如答图,过E作EH⊥AB于H.∵AE平分∠BAC,EH⊥AB,EC⊥AC.∴EH=EC(角平分线上的点到角两边的距离相等).∴EH=EC,∴EH=CF.∵EG∥AB,∴∠CGF=∠EBH.∵CD⊥AB,EH⊥AB,∴∠CFG=∠EHB=90°.在Rt△CFG和Rt△EHB中,∠CGF=∠EBH,∠CFG=∠EHB,CF=EH,∴Rt△CFG≌Rt△EHB.∴CG=EB,∴CE=GB.∴CE=CF=GB.B卷1.解析:如答图所示,延长CD交AB的延长线于点F.∵AD平分∠CAB,∴∠1=∠2.又∵AD⊥CF,∴∠ADC=∠ADF=90°,又∵AD=AD,∴△ACD≌△AFD.∴CD=DF=12 CF.∵∠ABC=90°,∴∠2+∠AEB=90°.又∵∠D=90°,∴∠3+∠CED=90°.∵∠AEB=∠CED,∴∠3=∠2,在Rt△ABE和Rt△CBF中,∠2=∠3,AB=BC,∴Rt△ABE≌Rt△CBF.∴AE=CF,∴CD=12 AE.提示:本题不易直接寻找CD与AE的关系,故可通过第三条线段来沟通,•抓住线段AD的特征(既平分∠CAB,又与CD垂直),构造与△ACD全等的△ADF,易得CD=1CF,再证CF=AE.2.解析:AC=AB+BD .理由:如答图所示.在AC 上截取AE=AB ,连结DE , ∵AD 平分∠BAE ,∴∠1=∠2. 又∵AD=AD ,∴△ABD ≌△AED , ∴BD=DE ,∠B=∠AED . ∵∠B=2∠C ,∴∠AED=2∠C=∠EDC+∠C , ∴∠EDC=∠C ,∴ED=EC ,∴EC=BD , ∴AC=AE+EC=AB+BD .提示:证明线段的和差问题,通常采用截取或延长的方法,本题中AD•是角平分线,故以AD 为公共边,在AC 上截取AE=AB ,构造△ADE ≌△ADB ,从而把BD 转化成DE ,再通过等角对等边证明DE=EC . 3.解析:∵∠CMD=90°, ∴∠CMA+∠DMB=90°. 又∵∠CAM=90°,∴∠CMA+∠ACM=90°, ∴∠ACM=∠DMB . 又∵CM=MD ,∴Rt △ACM ≌Rt △BMD , ∴AC=BM=3,∴他到达点M 时,运动时间为3÷1=3(s ). 这人运动了3s . 4.解析:(1)设L 1的解析式为y 1=k 1x+b 1,L 2的解析式为y 2=k 2x+b 2. 由图可知L 1过点(0,2),(500,17), ∴1112,17500,b k b =⎧⎨=+⎩ ∴k 1=0.03,b 1=2,∴y 1=0.03x+2(0≤x ≤2000). 由图可知L 2过点(0,20),(500,26), 同理y 2=0.012x+20(0≤x ≤2000). (2)两种费用相等,即y 1=y 2, 则0.03x+2=0.012x+20, 解得x=1000.∴当x=1000时,两种灯的费用相等.(3)显然前2000h 用节能灯,剩下的500h ,用白炽灯. 5.解析:∵∠BAD=90°,∠FAE=90°, ∴∠FAB+∠BAE=∠BAE+∠EAD , ∴∠FAB=∠EAD .又∵∠ABF=∠ADE=90°,AD=AB , ∴Rt △ABF ≌Rt △ADE ,∴DE=BF . 提示:利用同角的余角相等得出∠FAB=∠EAD ,从而为证△ABF 与△ADE•全等提供条件. 6.解析:(1)221枚;(2)2000年;(3)约60枚左(5)•①条形统计图能清楚地表示出每个项目的具体数目;•②折线统计图能清楚地反映事物变化情况;③扇形统计图能清楚地表示出各部分所占的百分比.。
2023-2024学年统编版道德与法治八年级上册期末复习综合训练试题(含答案)
2023-2024年道德与法治八年级上册期末综合训练一、单选题1.在学生时代,我们既要认真读书,又要关注社会发展。
以下古语能体现这一思想的是()A.两耳不闻窗外事,一心只读圣贤书B.先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐C.千磨万击还坚劲,任尔东西南北风D.风声雨声读书声声声入耳,家事国事天下事事事关心2.从不同的角度,根据不同的标准,可以将社会关系分为不同的类型。
下列属于地缘关系的是()A.小杰和叔叔一起吃火锅B.小娟和妈妈一起去理发C.小强和同学一起去打球D.小兰与邻居在一起聊天3.2023年6月1日,某地大浪街道“时尚+”网络正能量传播志愿联盟启动仪式举行。
参与该联盟的志愿者将在网络辟谣、网络公益、网络正能量传播和网络文明创建等领域发挥积极作用。
这()A.有利于构建健康文明和谐的网络生态B.能够教育引领所有的网民向上向善C.能快速提升网民对负能量的抵抗力D.能够杜绝不良信息,净化网络空间4.某校开展了“遵守道德和法律,传播网络正能量”的活动,同学们积极参与这一活动,你认为下列活动能体现传播网络正能量的有()①利用ChatGPT写学术论文②利用抖音售卖“三无产品”③在朋友圈转发“最美孝心少年”故事④通过短视频分享学到的知识A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④5.下列对“不以规矩,无以成方圆”理解正确的是()①社会生活需要秩序,秩序的维护需要规则②社会生活的正常进行需要人们自觉遵守规则③在社会生活中有无规则无所谓④人人都可以按照自己的规则办事A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④6.傍晚放学的时候,由于接孩子的家长太多,某中学门口混乱不堪:有的家长不顾禁止掉头标志随意掉头;有的家长着急上火狂按喇叭,完全不顾学校路段禁止鸣笛的法律规定……班会课上,同学对这一现象展开了激烈的讨论。
如果你是老师,你认为其中不正确的是()A.只有大家有序地按照指示标志和相关法律规定行车,才能避免混乱B.社会正常运行需要大家形成交通秩序,这样可以降低社会管理成本C.家长们为了提高效率、接到孩子,在学校路段偶尔鸣笛,情有可原D.校门口需要呈现一种有序化的状态,这样我们才能感受生活的美好7.2023年,多地通报公费师范生违约处理决定。
牛津译林版八年级上册江苏省英语期末复习8AUnit5-Unit6综合复习训练(含答案)
2019—2020学年第一学期牛津译林版八年级上册英语期末复习8AU5-U6综合复习训练一、单项选择1. I can't tell you way to the Wilson because we don't have Wilson here in the village.A. the;aB. a;/C. a;theD. the;/2. To make your DIY work perfect, you’d better not start _______you get all the tools ready.A. whenB. whileC. beforeD. after3. — Two tickets for Sunday, please! —Sorry, There’s _________left.A. nothingB. noneC. somethingD. anything4. The world __________ not be ready for me, but ready or not, I am here now.A. mayB. needC. shouldD. must5. The number of the factories in our hometown is getting ________and more and more peoplecome to work here.A.less and lessB. fewer and fewerC. bigger and biggerD. smaller and smaller6. He took a notebook with him in order to what he saw and heard.A. break downB. write downC. cut downD. calm down7. The mother was worried the baby kept .A. because; cryingB. because of; to cryC. because of; cryingD. because; cried8. —Do you enjoy the singer’s songs?—Yes. I enjoy his voice best. I can’t think of anyone with a ____ voice.A. worseB. bestC. worstD. better9. —How do you find the newspaper TEENS?—Good indeed. It _____ many news stories around the world.A. showsB. coversC. writesD. says10. When Xi Wang was ______ , she started to go outside for the first time.A. four months oldB. four month oldC. four-month-oldD. four-months-old11. There are about ______ visitors going to the wetland part every year.A. thousand ofB. thousands ofC. three thousandD. three thousands of12. Dad often me to read books if I don’t do well in writing.A. makesB. hopesC. advisesD. lets13. The roast chicken smells , so it sells .A. bad, badlyB. badly, badlyC. bad, badD. badly, bad14. ——English is difficult, I nearly give it up.——Please don’t. Nothing is_________ if you put your heart into it.A. importantB. impossibleC. interestingD. incorrect15. The students had different ideas. _________, they didn’t make a decision.A. Instead ofB. As a resultC. Because ofD. By the way16. --- How much does a young panda_______?---Its ____ can be 35 kilograms.A .weigh, weight B. weigh, weigh C. weight, weight D. weight, weigh17. Dennis doesn’t paint others, but his ideas are the most wonderful of all.A. as careful asB. so carefully asC. more careful thanD. less careful than18. I like learning English because the language sounds beautiful. , it is also very useful.A. OtherwiseB. HoweverC. MoreoverD. Instead19. 一Why do some wild birds fly to the south?一from the cold winter here.A. HideB. HidesC. To hideD. Hiding20. ﹣Hurry up, Jeff! Let's cross the road as fast as possible.﹣No, you ____. Don't you see the light is still red?A. couldn'tB. wouldn'tC. mustn'tD. needn't21. 一Many wild animals lose their lives because people hunt them.一We should them.A. take a pity toB. have a pity onC. have pity toD. take pity on22. 一is it from the Children's Palace to Xingfu Temple, Tom?一About 10 minutes by bus.A. How soonB. How longC. How muchD. How far23.―What is David like?―.A. He likes swimming.B. He is an artist.C. He is at school.D. He is tall and thin.24.-We should have pity children living in poor areas.-That's why I raise money Project Hope.A. on; forB. about; toC. with; fromD. in; for25.一How much do we need to pay for the cooking course?一Don't worry! It's free. and we will the tools for you.A. practiseB. protectC. provideD. prevent26. --Are you sleepy when _______.--No, I am not. I know when_______ to have a rest.A. driving; stoppingB. driving; to stopC. to drive; stoppingD. to drive; to stop27. --Is there_______ in today's newspaper?--Yes. Premier Li went to see_______ "stay-home children" on December 25th.A. anything special; hundred ofB. something special; hundred ofC. special anything; hundreds ofD. anything special; hundreds of28. You need to take notes at the meeting, so make sure a pen and some paper with you.A. bringingB. to bringingC. to bringD. not to bring29. —Who taught math while you were ill at home?—I taught .A.your;meB. you;myselfC. you;meD. your;myself30. —Rose, we will start at six tomorrow morning. Don't be late, will you?一. I will be there on time.A. No, I willB. Yes, I willC. No, I won'tD. Yes, I won't二、词汇运用A.根据所给中文,写出单词的适当形式。
人教版八年级数学上册期末综合复习测试题(含答案)
八年级数学上册期末综合复习测试题(含答案)一、选择题(本大题10小题,每小题3分,共30分) 1.下列图形中具有稳定性的是( ) A .正方形 B .长方形 C .直角三角形 D .平行四边形 2.计算:a 6÷a 3=( ) A .a 2 B .a 3 C .1 D .0 3.点(-3,-2)关于x 轴对称的点是( )A .(3,-2)B .(-3,2)C .(3,2)D .(-2,-3) 4.若分式x +3x -2的值为0,则x 的值为( ) A .x =-3 B .x =2 C .x ≠-3 D .x ≠25.如图1,AC ⊥BC ,BD ⊥AD ,垂足分别为C ,D ,再添加一个条件,仍不能判定△ABC ≌△BAD 的是( )图1A .AC =BDB .AD =BC C .∠ABD =∠BAC D .∠CAD =∠DBC 6.若x 2+2mx +9是一个完全平方式,则m 的值是( ) A .6 B .±6 C .3 D .±3 7.如图2,在△ABC 中,D ,E 分别是边BC ,AB 的中点.若△ABC 的面积是8,则△BDE 的面积是( )图2A.2 B .3 C .4 D .5 8.已知2m +3n =3,则9m ·27n 的值是( ) A .9 B .18 C .27 D .819.某生产小组计划生产3 000个口罩,由于采用新技术,实际每小时生产口罩的数量是原计划的2倍,因此提前5小时完成任务.设原计划每小时生产口罩x 个,根据题意,所列方程正确的是( )A .3 000x -3 000x +2=5 B .3 0002x -3 000x =5C .3 000x +2-3 000x =5D .3 000x -3 0002x=510.如图3,在平面直角坐标系中,点A ,B 分别在y 轴、x 轴上,∠ABO =60°,在坐标轴上找一点P ,使得△P AB 是等腰三角形,则符合条件的点P 的个数是( )图3A .5个B .6个C .7个D .8个 二、填空题(本大题7小题,每小题4分,共28分)11.人体淋巴细胞的直径大约是0.000 009米,将0.000 009用科学记数法表示为__________.12.如果等腰三角形的一个内角是80°,那么它的顶角的度数是__________.13.当a =4b 时,a 2+b 2ab的值是__________.14.如图4,在△ABC 中,分别以点A 和点C 为圆心,大于12 AC 长为半径画弧,两弧相交于点M ,N ,作直线MN 分别交BC ,AC 于点D ,E ,若△ABC 的周长为23 cm ,△ABD 的周长为13 cm ,则AE 的长为__________cm.图415.若x +y =6,xy =-3,则2x 2y +2xy 2=__________.16.如图5,在△ABC 中,AB =BC ,BE 平分∠ABC ,AD 为BC 边上的高,且AD =BD ,则∠DAC =__________°.图517.如图6,△ABC 是等边三角形,AD 是BC 边上的高,E 是AC 的中点, P 是AD 上一动点,当PC 与PE 的和最小时,∠ACP 的度数是__________.图6三、解答题(一)(本大题3小题,每小题6分,共18分)18.解方程:4x 2-9 -x3-x =1.19.先化简,再求值:(-x -y )2-(-y +x )(x +y )+2xy ,其中x =-2,y =12.20.如图7,在△ABC 中,∠BAC =60°,∠C =80°,AD 是△ABC 的角平分线,E 是AC 上一点,且∠ADE =12∠B ,求∠CDE 的度数.图7四、解答题(二)(本大题3小题,每小题8分,共24分)21.在平面直角坐标系中,△ABC 的三个顶点的位置如图8所示.(1)请画出△ABC 关于y 轴对称的△A ′B ′C ′;(其中A ′,B ′,C ′分别是A ,B ,C 的对应点,不写画法)(2)请直接写出点A ′,B ′,C ′的坐标; (3)求出△A ′B ′C ′的面积.图822.如图9,点B ,C ,E ,F 在同一条直线上,点A ,D 在BC 的异侧,AB =CD ,BF =CE ,∠B =∠C .(1)求证:AE ∥DF ; (2)若∠A +∠D =144°,∠C =30°,求∠AEC 的度数.图923.随着智能分拣设备在快递业务中的普及,快件分拣效率大幅提高.使用某品牌智能分拣设备,每人每小时分拣的快件量是传统分拣方式的25倍,经过测试,由5人用此设备分拣8 000件快件的时间,比20人用传统方式分拣同样数量的快件节省4小时.(1)使用智能分拣设备后,每人每小时可分拣快件多少件?(2)已知某快递中转站平均每天需要分拣10万件快件,每天工作时间为8小时,如果使用此智能分拣设备,每天只需要安排多少名工人就可以完成分拣工作?五、解答题(三)(本大题2小题,每小题10分,共20分)24.如图10①,把一个长为2m 、宽为2n 的矩形,沿图中虚线用剪刀均分成四块小矩形,然后拼成一个如图10②所示的正方形.(1)请用两种不同的方法求图10②中阴影部分的面积.(直接用含m ,n 的式子表示) 方法1:____________________________; 方法2:____________________________.(2)根据(1)中结论,下列三个式子(m +n )2,(m -n )2,mn 之间的等量关系为____________________.(3)根据(2)中的等量关系,解决如下问题:已知x +1x =3,请求出x -1x的值.图1025.(1)【问题发现】如图11①,△ACB 和△DCE 均为等边三角形,点A ,D ,E 在同一条直线上,连接BE ,求∠AEB 的度数.(2)【拓展探究】如图11②,△ACB 和△DCE 均为等腰直角三角形,∠ACB =∠DCE =90°,点A ,D ,E 在同一条直线上,CM 为△DCE 中DE 边上的高,连接BE .请求出∠AEB 的度数及线段CM ,AE ,BE 之间的数量关系,并说明理由.图11答案1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.B11.9×10-6 12.80°或20° 13.174 14.5 15.-36 16.22.5 17.30°18.解:方程两边乘(x -3)(x +3),得4+x (x +3)=x 2-9.解得x =-133.检验:当x =-133 时,(x -3)(x +3)≠0.所以,原分式方程的解是x =-133.19.解:原式=x 2+y 2+2xy -(x 2-y 2)+2xy =x 2+y 2+2xy -x 2+y 2+2xy =2y 2+4xy . 当x =-2,y =12 时,原式=2×⎝⎛⎭⎫12 2 +4×(-2)×12 =-72 .20.解:在△ABC 中,∠BAC =60°,∠C =80°,∴∠B =180°-60°-80°=40°. ∵AD 平分∠BAC ,∴∠BAD =12 ∠BAC =30°.∴∠ADC =∠B +∠BAD =70°.∵∠ADE =12 ∠B =20°,∴∠CDE =∠ADC -∠ADE =70°-20°=50°.21.解:(1)如答图1,△A ′B ′C ′即为所求.答图1(2)A ′(3,3),B ′(-1,-3),C ′(0,4).(3)由图可得S △A ′B ′C ′=4×7-12 ×1×7-12 ×3×1-12 ×4×6=11.22.(1)证明:∵BF =CE ,∴BF +EF =CE +EF ,即BE =CF . 在△ABE 和△DCF 中,⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧AB =DC ,∠B =∠C ,BE =CF ,∴△ABE ≌△DCF (SAS).∴∠AEB =∠DFC .∴AE ∥DF .(2)解:∵△ABE ≌△DCF ,∴∠A =∠D ,∠B =∠C =30°. ∵∠A +∠D =144°,∴∠A =72°. ∴∠AEC =∠A +∠B =72°+30°=102°.23.解:(1)设使用传统分拣方式,每人每小时可分拣快件x 件,则使用智能分拣设备后,每人每小时可分拣快件25x 件.依题意,得 8 00020x -8 0005×25x=4.解得x =84.经检验,x =84是原方程的解,且符合题意.∴25x =2 100.答:使用智能分拣设备后,每人每小时可分拣快件2 100件. (2)100 000÷8÷2 100=52021 (名),5+1=6(名).答:每天只需要安排6名工人就可以完成分拣工作. 24.解:(1)(m +n )2-4mn (m -n )2. (2)(m -n )2=(m +n )2-4mn .(3)∵x +1x =3,∴⎝⎛⎭⎫x -1x 2 =⎝⎛⎭⎫x +1x 2 -4x ·1x =9-4=5.∴x -1x=±5 .25.解:(1)∵△ACB 和△DCE 均为等边三角形,∴AC =BC ,CD =CE ,∠ACB =∠DCE =∠CDE =∠CED =60°. ∴∠ACB -∠DCB =∠DCE -∠DCB ,即∠ACD =∠BCE . 在△ACD 和△BCE 中,⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧AC =BC ,∠ACD =∠BCE ,CD =CE ,∴△ACD ≌△BCE (SAS).∴∠ADC =∠BEC .∵点A ,D ,E 在同一条直线上,∴∠ADC =180°-∠CDE =120°. ∴∠BEC =120°.∴∠AEB =∠BEC -∠CED =60°. (2)∠AEB =90°,AE =BE +2CM .理由:∵△ACB 和△DCE 均为等腰直角三角形, ∴CA =CB ,CD =CE ,∠ACB =∠DCE =90°.∴∠ACB -∠DCB =∠DCE -∠DCB ,即∠ACD =∠BCE . 在△ACD 和△BCE 中,⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧CA =CB ,∠ACD =∠BCE ,CD =CE ,∴△ACD ≌△BCE (SAS).∴AD =BE ,∠ADC =∠BEC . ∵△DCE 为等腰直角三角形, ∴∠CDE =∠CED =45°.∵点A ,D ,E 在同一条直线上, ∴∠ADC =180°-∠CDE =135°. ∴∠BEC =135°.∴∠AEB =∠BEC -∠CED =90°. ∵CD =CE ,CM ⊥DE , ∴DM =ME ,∠DCM =90°-∠CDE =45°. ∴∠DCM =∠CDE . ∴DM =ME =CM .∴AE =AD +DE =BE +2CM。
牛津英语8A期末测试卷[1]
牛津英语8A期末测试卷第Ⅰ卷(50分)Ⅰ.听力(15分)A)根据所听到的句子,选出相应的图片。
(听一遍)A B C DE F G HB) 听对话和对话后的问题,并根据对话内容选择最佳答案,每段对话读两遍。
6. A. The swan. B. The crane. C. The sparrow. D. The swallow.7. A. He doesn’t know the way to the Animal Center, either.B. He doesn’t like talking to people who he doesn’t know.C. He’s on a visit there. He’s too busy to help others.D. He knows the way but he doesn’t want to tell the person.8. A. by bus. B. By bike. C. On foot. D. By underground.9. A. Today. B. Tomorrow. C. The day after tomorrow. D. Now.10. A. She will be back in January..B. She won’t be back in January.C. No, she won’t be back.D. Yes, she is coming back in January.C) 短文理解。
根据你所听到短文的内容,选出下列问题的最佳答案。
短文读两遍。
11.Question: What did the rich man want to do?A. To be richerB. To be happyC. To get more moneyD. To be a farmer12.Question: Who told the rich man how to be happy?A. A clever old man.B. Another rich manC. A farmer.D. An old man.13.Question: Where did the rich man find the farmer?A. In his country.B. On the road.C. On a farm.D. In a shirt shop.14.Question: What did the farmer give to the rich manA. Nothing.B. A shirt.C. Sadness.D. A good idea.15.Question: Who felt happy?A. The rich man.B. The farmer.C. The clever old man.D. Other rich man.B: I’ll have to reach the airport before 10:30a.m. But you see, this is a small mountain village here. ___17_______ I don’t know what to do now.A: Don’t worry, let me help you.______18__________.B: It’s very kind of you. Thank you for your help.A: ____19_____ By the way, what’s your name, please?B: Jack Cooper.A: Nice to meet you, Mr. Cooper!B: ____20______.A: Come on!Ⅲ. Millie做了下面的单选题,做得很棒。
人教版物理八年级上册期末综合检测(A卷)(内含知识点解析及答案)
期末综合检测(一)一、选择题(每小题3分,共36分)1.在童话故事《小白兔和大灰狼》中,大灰狼学着小白兔妈妈的声音让小白兔开门,可小白兔听出了不是妈妈的声音,所以没有开门.小白兔主要是根据声音的某个特性来判断的,该特性是【】A.音调B.响度C.音色D.以上都不对2.谁也没有我跑得快!我是【】A.高速奔驰的磁悬浮列车B.让万物生长的阳光C.翱翔高空的超音速战机D.运载宇宙飞船的火箭3.如图1所示,表示的是用温度计测水的温度的情景,其中正确的是【】图14.乘客坐在奔驰列车里:①若选车厢为参照物,他是运动的;②若选车厢为参照物,他是静止的;③若选地面为参照物,他是静止的;④若选地面为参照物,他是运动的.上述说法正确的是【】A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④5.“镜中花,水中月”的现象说明了【】A.光的传播速度太快B.光发生了反射现象C.光发生了折射现象D.光在同一种介质中沿直线传播6.有一体积为30cm3的均匀固体,用天平测得它的质量为237g,则【】A.用天平测量质量时,固体应放在天平右盘B.此固体的密度为7.9g/cm3C.把此固体截去一半,剩余部分密度减小D.只改变此固体的形状,它的质量减小7.物体在凸透镜前20cm处,可以得到倒立、放大的像,现将物体向透镜移近10cm 后,得到的像是【】A.倒立、放大的实像B.倒立、等大的实像C.正立、放大的虚像D.条件不足,无法判定8.图2所示是陈大爷的眼睛看物体时的成像情况,则他眼睛类型及矫正需要选用的透镜分别是【】A.远视眼凸透镜B.远视眼凹透镜C.近视眼凸透镜D.近视眼凹透镜图2 图3 9.如图3所示,将一只钟放在密闭的玻璃罩内,接通电路,可清楚地听到铃声.用抽气机抽去玻璃罩内的空气,将会发生【】A.听到的铃声越来越大B.听到的铃声越来越小C.听到的铃声保持不变D.电铃逐渐停止振动10.如图4所示的是A、B两种物质的质量m与体积V的关系图象.由图象可知,A、B两种物质的密度ρA 、ρB和水的密度ρ水之间的关系是【】A.ρB>ρ水>ρAB.ρB >ρA>ρ水C.ρA >ρ水>ρBD.ρ水>ρA>ρB11.下列各种物态变化中,全部需要吸热的是【】A.凝固、液化、凝华B.液化、汽化、升华C.熔化、汽化、升华D.熔化、液化、汽化12.检查视力时,人与视力表的距离要求为5m,由于医务室房间太小,医生首先将视力表贴在一面墙上,然后在对面墙上正对着视力表挂一个大平面镜,视力表到镜子的距离为3m,检查视力时【】A.人应面对镜子而坐,人与镜子的距离为2mB.人应面对镜子而坐,人与镜子的距离为2.5mC.人应面对视力表而坐,人与视力表的距离为2mD.人应面对视力表而坐,人与视力表的距离为3m二、填空及简答题(每空1分,共22分)13.在下列数据后面填上合适的单位:(1)一张纸的厚度约为75_________;(2)一辆满载货物的卡车匀速行驶的速度约为38_______;(3)一个鸡蛋的质量约为55____________.14.测量球体的直径通常采用如图5所示的方法,则此时球的直径应为_______cm.15.在学校艺术节活动中.同学们用大小不同的盘子,敲击出悦耳动听的声音.这个声音是由盘子的_______产生的,现场观众听到的声音是通过________传播的,用不同的力敲击同一个盘子,发出声音的________不同.16.雨后的天空常常出现彩虹,这属于光的________现象.彩色电视机画面上的丰富色彩是由红、______、蓝三种色光通过适当的比例混合得到的.17.如图6所示,向右做直线运动的小车通过AB、BC、CD三段路程所用的时间都是0.5s,则小车做的是_________(选填“匀速”“加速”或“减速”)运动;它从A点运动到D点的平均速度是_____m/s.图618.在试管中放少量的碘,塞紧盖子后放入热水中.在此实验中可以看到,固态的碘没有熔化,而直接变成紫色的碘蒸汽,这种现象叫____________.将试管从热水中拿出,再放入凉水中,碘蒸汽没有液化,而直接变成固态的碘,这种现象叫____________.19.用质量相等的0℃的水和0℃的冰来冷却物体,_________的冷却效果较好,因为它在__________过程中要________热量.20.一块金属的体积是2.5m3,质量是6750kg,则它的密度是____________kg/m3;若将金属块截取23,剩余部分的密度是_________kg/m3.21.甲、乙两辆车沿同一方向做匀速直线运动,其路程s随时间t变化的图象如图7所示.第3s时,甲、乙两车的速度分别是_____m/s和_______m/s.22.小华听说冬天最冷的时候放在室外的水缸被冻裂,这是怎么回事呢?小华打算用实验来探究.(1)她找来一个容积为0.27m3的水缸并装满水,则这些水的质量为_______kg;(2)已知冰的密度是0.9×103kg/m3,可以算出如果水全部结成冰的体积是_______m3,小华通过观察又发现水总是首先从水面开始凝固的,她终于明白了原来水缸不是被冻裂的,而是被撑裂的!三、作图题(每题3分,共6分)23.根据光的反射定律,画出图8中的入射光线,并注明入射角的大小(图中反射的光线为入射光线两次反射后的情景).图8 图924.请在图9中完成光路图.四、实验探究题(共30分)25.(12分)老师讲了《测量物质的密度》这节知识后,小明和小楠对他们喜欢吃的柑橘的密度感兴趣了.他们拿出一个柑橘,决定想办法测出它的密度.图10(1)将托盘天平放在____________桌面上,将标尺上的游码移到零刻度处,发现指针偏向分度盘的右侧,如图10甲所示,此时应将平衡螺母向______(选填“左”或“右”)端调节,直到指针指向分度盘的中央.(2)小楠用天平测量柑橘的质量,右盘中的砝码和标尺上的游码位置如图10乙所示,则柑橘的质量是__________g,若小楠再将柑橘浸没在水中测得它的体积为230cm3,则柑橘的密度为_________kg/m3.(3)如果小楠做实验时,是先将柑橘浸没在水中测出柑橘的体积,再用天平测出柑橘的质量,则这样测得的柑橘密度比真实值___________(选填“偏大”或“偏小”),其原因是________________________________________.实验完成后,小明问小楠是如何测出柑橘体积的,于是小楠将柑橘擦干净,又取出小烧杯、量筒、溢水杯和牙签等.小楠先将溢水杯装满水,接着小楠的做法是:.(5)小明在思考,小楠在测柑橘体积时的做法也存在不妥之处,你认为不妥之处是:.26.(8分)为观察“水的沸腾”,小丽做了如下实验(如图11所示):图11(1)图11甲是该实验的装置图,在安装、调整实验器材时,科学合理的顺序是:先调整固定_______的位置,再调整固定_______的位置.(选填“A”或“B”)(2)实验中,她观察到水沸腾前和沸腾时,水中气泡上升的过程如图11中乙、丙所示,则图________是水沸腾时的情况.(3)水沸腾后,移去酒精灯,水就停止沸腾,从中你可以得到的结论是:______________________.(4)图12是实验过程中某一时刻的温度,此时水温是_______℃.图13是三位同学作出的水的沸腾图象,其中正确的是___________.图12 图1327.(10分)在做“探究凸透镜成像规律”实验时,实验桌上有两个凸透镜,规格如下表所示,光具座上标尺的刻度范围是0~90cm ,实验中选用_______(选填“甲”或“乙”)凸透镜较好.选好器材后,依此将点燃的蜡烛、凸透镜、光屏放在光具座上的A 、O 、B 位置,在光屏上得到清晰的烛焰的像,如图14所示. 序号 直径 焦距甲 5cm 30cm乙 4cm 10cm(1)应将光屏向_________(选填“上”或“下”)移动,可以使烛焰的像清晰地成在光屏的中央,此时所成的像是倒立、_______的实像,应用在________上.(2)调节烛焰、凸透镜、光屏的中心在同一高度,将蜡烛向远离凸透镜方向移动一段距离,调整光屏位置得到一个清晰的像,这个像与原来相比将_______(选填“变大”“变小”或“不变”).五、计算应用题(6分)28.质量为27g 的铝球,体积是20cm 3,该铝球是否为空心的?若是空心的,空心部分体积是多大?若将空心部分装满水后,球的总质量为多少?(已知铝的密度ρ=2.7×103kg/m 3)期末综合检测(一)一、选择题1.C 提示:不同发声体的材料、结构不同,发出声音的音色也就不同.狼和兔子是不同的动物,因此它们发出声音的音色不同,所以是通过音色辨别是哪种动物发声的.2.B 提示:光速是人们认为最快的速度,它在真空中的速度约为3×108m/s .3.D 提示:使用温度计时:①温度计的玻璃泡应全部浸入被测的液体中,不要碰到容器底和容器壁;②读数时温度计的玻璃泡要继续留在液体中,视线要与温度计中的液面相平.4.D 提示:如果物体相对于参照物的位置保持不变,物体是静止的,如果物体相对于参照物的位置不断变化,物体是运动的.乘客相对于车厢位置保持不变,若选车厢为参照物,乘客是静止的,故①说法错误,②说法正确;乘客相对于地面位置不断变化,若选地面为参照物,乘客是运动的,故③说法错误,④说法正确.5.B 提示:“镜中花”、“水中月”都属于平面镜成像,因此都是由光的反射形成的.6.B 提示:用天平测质量时,固体应放在天平的左盘,故A 不正确;此固体的密度ρ=332377.9/30m g g cm V cm ==,故B 正确;密度是物质的一种属性,截去一半后,剩余部分密度不变,故C不正确;物体的质量与物体的形状、状态、空间位置无关,故D不正确.7.C提示:物体在凸透镜前成倒立放大的像,说明此时的物距大于一倍焦距小于二倍焦距,即:f<20cm<2f,所以凸透镜的焦距10cm<f<20cm.物体在凸透镜前20cm处,将物体向透镜移近10cm后,物距小于一倍焦距,由凸透镜成像条件可知,得到的像是正立放大的虚像.8.A提示:据题图能看出,此时像成在了视网膜的后方,所以此时是远视眼的示意图,为了使像成在视网膜上,应该使原来的光线会聚,故应用对光线有会聚作用的凸透镜进行矫正.9.B提示:因为声音可以在气体、液体和固体中进行传播,所以当用抽气机逐渐抽去玻璃罩内的空气时,因为罩内空气越来越稀薄,所以声音会越来越小,当抽成真空时,声音就无法传播.10.C提示:分析题图,当体积V=20cm3时A的质量是30g;B的质量是5g,由ρ=mV知ρA=AAmV=1.5g/cm3>ρ水;ρB=BBmV=0.25g/cm3<ρ水;由以上计算过程知A、B、D不符合题意,C符合题意.11.C提示:熔化、汽化、升华时都需要吸热,凝固、液化、凝华时都会放热,故选项C正确.12.A提示:由题意可知,视力表离平面镜距离为3m,根据平面镜的成像特点,像与物到镜面的距离相等,可知视力表的像距离镜子也是3m,所以人面对镜子距离2m时,视力表的像和人距离为3m+2m=5m.A选项正确.二、填空及简答题13.μm;km/h;g提示:此类题要求同学们平时生活中多注意观察身边的事物,联系实际生活来学习物理能够达到事半功倍的效果.14.2.35(2.32~2.38均可)提示:刻度尺在使用时一般从零刻度线量起,有时因为某些原因也可以从其他刻度线量起,这时物体的长度为物体的末端和始端对应的刻度值的差.由题图可知,球的直径就是三角板两直角顶点间的距离,刻度尺的分度值是1mm,读数时注意估读到分度值的下一位,球的直径为8.35cm-6.00cm=2.35cm.15.振动;空气;响度提示:声音是物体振动产生的,一切发声体都在振动;声音传播需要介质,声音可以在气体、液体和固体中传播,真空不能传声;声音的强弱叫响度,响度与发声体的振幅有关,振幅越大,响度越大.16.色散;绿提示:夏天,雨过天晴时,天空常常出现彩虹,这是太阳光通过悬浮在空气中细小的水珠折射而成的,白光经水珠折射以后,分成各种彩色光,这种现象叫做光的色散.彩色电视画面是由红、绿、蓝三原色光混合而成的.17.加速;20提示:由题图可知,小车在相同时间内通过的路程逐渐增大,因此小车在做加速运动;AD间距离为30m,所用时间为1.5s,平均速度v=301.5s mt s=20m/s.18.升华;凝华提示:碘由固态直接变为碘蒸汽,是升华现象,需要吸收热量;碘蒸汽遇冷放出热量直接变成固态的碘,这是凝华现象.19.冰;熔化;吸收提示:0℃的冰熔化成0℃的水需要吸收热量,因此冷却效果更好.20.2.7×103;2.7×103提示:此金属的密度ρ=367502.5m kg V m ==2.7×103kg/m 3,截取一部分以后,金属块的密度保持不变,依旧为2.7×103kg/m 3.21.30;10提示:由图象可知两车做的都是匀速直线运动,在3s 内甲车通过的路程s 甲=90m ,乙车通过的路程s乙=90m-60m=30m.由v=s t 可得:v 甲=90m =3s t s 甲=30m/s ;v 乙=30m =3s t s 乙=10m/s. 22.(1)270;(2)0.3提示:由密度公式ρ=m V变形求得水的质量,水遇冷会凝固成冰,水的状态发生了变化,但质量不会改变.再根据V 冰=m ρ冰即可求得冰的体积,然后可知水缸破裂的原因.三、作图题23.如下图甲所示24.如下图乙所示四、实验探究题25.(1)水平;左;(2)220.8;0.96×103;(3)偏大;柑橘上会沾有水,导致测得的柑橘的质量变大;(4)将小烧杯放在溢水杯的溢水口处,借助牙签使柑橘浸没在溢水杯中,当溢水杯停止排水后,用量筒测出小烧杯中水的体积即可测得柑橘的体积;(5)量筒所测水的体积偏小,这样测得的密度值比真实值偏大.26.(1)B ;A ;(2)乙;(3)水沸腾时要吸热;(4)85;丙提示:(1)由于酒精灯外焰温度高,故我们首先要调节烧杯到酒精灯外焰的高度,即用酒精灯外焰加热,再调节温度计在水中的位置,故实验前先调整固定B 位置,再调整固定A 位置;(2)水沸腾前,气泡在上升过程中,气泡不断减小;水沸腾时,气泡在上升过程中,气泡不断增大.所以乙图指水沸腾过程中,丙图指沸腾前;(3)移去酒精灯,水不能继续吸收热量,停止沸腾,说明水沸腾时需要吸热;(4)温度计读数前,应注意观察温度计的分度值,由题图可知,此温度计的分度值为1℃,此时温度为85℃;沸腾前,水的温度逐渐升高,沸腾后,水的温度保持不变,只有图丙符合题意.27.乙;(1)上;缩小;照相机;(2)变小提示:如果选择甲透镜,当“研究凸透镜成像的规律”中的u >2f 时,即物距大于60cm ,此时f <v <2f ,即像距大于30cm 小于60cm ,而实验所用的光具座上标尺的刻度范围是“0~90cm ”,所成的像位置超出光具座的范围,在光屏上不能看到清晰的像.所以不能选甲透镜,只能选择乙透镜.(1)因为凸透镜成倒立的实像,上下颠倒,从图中看,像在光屏的上方,所以是光屏太矮,应将光屏向上移动;由图知,物距大于像距,所以此时成倒立缩小的实像,该原理被用于照相机上.(2)蜡烛向远离凸透镜方向移动一段距离,物距变大,像距变小,所成实像变小.五、计算应用题28.组成铝球的金属铝的体积V 铝=33327g 27g==2.710/ 2.7/m m kg m kg m ρρ=⨯球铝铝铝=10cm 3;V 铝<V 球,因此该铝球是空心的.空心体积V 空=V 球-V 铝=20cm 3-10cm 3=10cm 3.若将空心部分装满水,则所装水的质量m 水=ρ水V 水=ρ水V 空=1.0g/cm 3×10cm 3=10g 装满水后,球的总质量m 总=m 水+m 铝=10g+27g=37g.。
8a期末复习
Unit 5Vocabulary一、根据句意及首字母提示写单词,完成句子。
1. Many people come to listen to my speech. It's not because they know me but because of the s________ I have achieved.2. The manager i________ some famous singers to us when we met at the concert.3. Peter has a________ gone to bed though it is six o'clock. It is his habit.4. Tina was g________ that she was invited to join in the Singing Group.5. As the h________ of the party, we did lots of work to prepare for it.二、根据句意,用括号中单词的适当形式完成句子。
6. They work from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. on ________ (weekday).7. Jimmy has ________ (make) many new friends since he came here two years ago.8. I have never ________ (see) the film before. So can you come to see it with me?9. She is a rich woman and she ________(respect)every worker in her company.10. We watched a film this morning. It's a very ________ (education) movie. We have learned a lot from it.三、用括号内的汉语提示填写短语。
八年级下学期期末物理综合检测试题含答案
八年级下学期期末物理综合检测试题含答案一、选择题1.下列选项中与 1N 力大小相当的是()A.一头大象受到的重力B.一只蚂蚁受到的重力C.两只鸡蛋受到的重力D.一个小孩受到的重力2.日常生活中,处处有物理,下列说法错误的是()A.汽车轮胎的轴承中装有滚珠是为了减小摩擦B.铅垂线的应用原理是重力的方向总是竖直向下C.推门时离门轴越近,用的力越大,说明力的作用效果与力的作用点有关D.升国旗时,旗杆顶端安装的滑轮是为了更省力3.如图民族运动会的一些运动项目中,下列说法正确的是()A.运动员抛出的花炮能继续向前运动,是由于花炮受到惯性。
B.秋千在到达最高点时,若不受外力将向下运动。
C.射弩有着悠久的历史。
弓箭手在拉弓的过程中,是为了增加弓的动能。
D.押加是一种趴着拔河的项目。
若甲队获胜,则甲队对绳子的拉力等于乙队对绳子的拉力。
4.下列措施哪个是为了减小压强()A.大人劈柴比小孩要快一些B.旋动螺丝时要紧握螺丝刀C.书包带做得宽一些D.针尖做得很尖细5.很多动物为了适应自身生存的环境,进化出了符合一定物理规律的身体部位,对此,从物理学的角度给出的下列解释中正确的是()A.骆驼的蹄比马的大,可以减小压力,从而使其在沙摸中行走自如B.鱼类体内有鳔,通过鳔的调节作用从而改变自身重力来实现下沉和上浮C.壁虎的脚掌上有许多“吸盘”,从而增大了摩擦力使其在玻璃窗上也不会掉下来D.啄木鸟的喙很尖细,可以增大压强,从而凿开树皮。
捉到躲在深处的虫子6.如图所示,用轻质杠杆提升物体,O点为杠杆的支点,杠杆在水平位置处于静止状态,下列说法中正确的是()A.当物体悬挂在A点时,动力作用在C点,该杠杆一定是省力杠杆B.当物体悬挂在B点时,动力作用在C点,动力的方向可以竖直向下C.当物体悬挂在C点时,动力作用在A点一定比作用在B点要费力D.当物体悬挂在C点时,无论动力作用在A点还是B点该杠杆一定是费力杠杆7.在水平桌面上,有两个相同的圆柱形容器,内盛相同深度的盐水.将同一个鸡蛋分别放入其中,鸡蛋静止时如图所示.鸡蛋在甲、乙两杯中所受浮力分别为F1和F2,盐水对容器底部压强分别为p1和p2,则,A.F1>F2,p1>p2B.F1=F2,p1>p2C.F1<F2,p1=p2D.F1=F2,p1<p28.如图所示是蹦极运动的简化示意图,弹性绳一端固定在O点,另一端系住运动员,运动员从O点自由下落,到A点处弹性绳自然伸直。
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8A 期末复习综合试卷(附答案)一词汇运用1. I think it’s _________( use ) to talk with him. It’s difficult to change his mind.2. The terrible snowstorm kept them from_________( ski ) last week.3. My uncle will come back from London. I’m waiting for his __________ ( arri ve ).4. His grandpa was lucky enough to stay _____________( live ) during the earthquake.5. We should encourage people ___________ ( not cut ) trees any more.6. Do you want to read all your _______________(classmate) books in the Reading week?7. He is ___________(terrible) hurt by the car and had to stay in hospital for a short time..8. At school, you mustn’t drop litter ______________(careless).9. In the end, I heard shouts from ______________(excite) people around me.10. As we all know, swallows fly to (north)countries in summer.11. The earthquake happened when I _________________(search) the Internet.12. The (丧失) of living areas is not good news for wolves.13. It’s (necessary) for parents to give their children too much money.14. The sun (shine) brightly yesterday.15. He is so (care) that he made many mistakes in this paper.16. I like many subjects, English, art, geography and PE. (include)二单项选择( )1. —There is an look on his face. What for?—Because he heard the news about his students just now.A. excited; excitingC. excited; excited B. exciting; excitedD. exciting; exciting( )2. —What did Mr Zhou say?—He invited me the party and told me late.A. for; to beB. for; not to beC. to; not to beD. to; to not be( )3. —Good morning, Miss Gao. Could you please tell me the result of the exam? —OK. You did quite well. You made .A. few mistakesB. a few mistakesC. little mistakeD. a little mistake( )4. I think important to learn English well.A. thisB. thatC. itD. you are( )5. Would you like to sleep with the windows or ?A. open, closeB. opened; closedC. open; closedD. opening; closing( )6.T he correct symbol of ― therefore‖ is ___________.A. %B.∵C. >D.∴( )7.In my opinion(依我看), Peter plays chess __________, if not better than, David.A. as good asB. so good asC. as well asD. so well as ( )8. You’d better ____________b ecause the wolf is ____________ food here.A. to run the other way; huntingB. run the other way; hunting forC. run another way; huntingD. to run another way; hunting for( )9. Lucy is stronger than ____________ in her class.A. any other boyB. any boyC. the other boyD. the other boys ( )9. The fish smells_________, so it sells___________.A. bad; badB. badly; badlyC. bad; badlyD. badly; bad( )10. The __________ of living areas ___________ tigers have no place to live.A. loss; makeB. lost ; makesC. losing; makeD. loss; makes( )11. – I waited for you the whole afternoon yesterday. Where were you?–I _____________________from 2 to 4.A. was talking with my teacherB. am talking with my teacherC. talked with my teacherD. have talked with my teacher( )12. They don’t know if they_____ the Great Wall next Sunday. They won’t go there if it______.A.visit; snowsB.visit; will snowC. will visit; will snowD. will visit; snows ( )13. You won’t feel the _______ of so many trees if people continue to cut___________.A. beautiful; them downB. beauty; them downC. beautiful; down themD. beauty; down them( )14. ----Is that book so boring?---- ______________. You can know a lot about birds.A. Yes, you’re right.B. I’m afraid so.C. Not at all.D. Of course.( )15. --- The Chinese Team won 199 golden medals in Guangzhou Asian Games.---______ good information you gave me!A. HowB. What aC. What anD. What( )16. --- Would you please ______ your shoes on the floor?--- Sorry. I won’t do it any more.A. not dropB. not to dropC. not droppingD. no dropping( )17. --- Why are you driving so slowly, Dad?--- It’s so______ and I can’t see clearly.A. foggyB. sunnyC. frostyD. cloudy( )18. What _____ good time we had playing ________ football with the team.A. a, theB. /, /C. a, /D. /, the( )19. Choose the correct structure of this sentence ―He gave Laura a present.‖A. S+V+DOB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+PD. S+V+DO+OC( )20. No one knows ________________ next.A. how to doB. what to doC. when to doD. why to do( )21. --Why do you look unhappy?-- ______ failing the driving test.A. Because ofB. BecauseC. ForD. As( )22. --Do you find this maths problem _______?--Yes, I can work it out_______.A. easy , easyB. easily ,easilyC. easily, ,easyD. easy, easily( )23.Taiwan is _____ the east of China and ______ the east of Fujian.A. in, inB. in, toC. to, onD. to, to( )24. A number of students in our class _______ League Members, and the number ________39.A. is, isB. are, areC. are, isD. is, are( )25. He spends as much time as he can _______English every day.A. to practise speakingB. to practise to speakC. practise to speakD. practising speaking三完型填空Each of us makes mistakes from time to time. In fact, we can 26 a lot from our mistakes.Donnie was a 27 student and never answered questions in class. He was 28 to make mistakes. He never finished his homework 29 he didn’t want to make any mistakes. Nothing changed 30 Marry Anne, a teacher, came to our 31 .One morning , Marry Anne asked Donnie to 32 some qu estions. After a while Donnie was in tears because he made a mistake. 33 Marry Anne got a box full of erasers from the desk.―Look, Donnie,‖ she said standing 34 him. ―I’ve got something to show you.‖ She 35 the erasers, one at a time, and put them on the desk.―See these erasers, Donnie?‖ she continued. ―Do you know 36 the erasers become smaller and smaller? That’s because we make mistakes. But we erase the mistakes and try 37 . That’s what you must learn.‖―Here,‖ she said, ―I’ll 38 one eraser on your de sk, so you will remember that 39may make mistakes.‖ Donnie looked at Marry Anne and smiled.Donnie 40 a lot from then on. He knew that everyone had the permission to make mistakes as long as you learned them and tried again.( )26. A. take B. make C. get D. bring( )27. A. good B. shy C. clever D. small( )28. A. glad B. excited C. surprised D. afraid( )29. A. because B. so C. if D. but( )30. A. after B. while C. until D. when( )31 A. row B. class C. team D. classroom( )32. A. answer B. ask C. give D. have( )33. A. Suddenly B. Quickly C. Luckily D. Carefully( )34. A. on B. with C. beside D. to( )35. A. put out B. took away C. took out D. took off( )36. A. when B. how C. what D. why( )37. A. more B. again C. another D. one( )38. A. forget B. carry C. leave D. give( )39. A. nobody B. somebody C. no one D. everybody( )40. A. changed B. got C. learned D. thought四阅读理解AWhen it was getting dark, a wolf was walking along the road. Then he was surprised to see his huge shadow(影子) under his feet.“Wow, I didn’t know I was so bi g!”The wolf was happy to know it.As time went by, the sun was going down and his shadow grew bigger and bigger, so it looked like a giant.“Oh, look at my shadow. I’m so big!”The wolf thought that he was as big as his shadow. “I’m huge and excellent. I don’t need to be afraid of the lion.”From then the wolf walked with his shoulders open. He thought of himself as the king of the forest.“Why should I fear the lion? Lion! Come out!Here is your match(对手).”It made the lion very angry, so he went to see the wolf.“Here I am. I heard you s aid you could beat me. Now I’m here. Why don’t you prove it?‖The lion’s sharp claw(爪子) hit the wolf’s head hard. “Thump!”The wolf was knocked out. “Ah, help me!”But it was too late when the wolf got to know that he wasn’t as big or strong as his shadow. Unluckily, he became the lion’s delicious supper.( )1. Why was the wolf so surprised?A. He grew very quickly.B. He beat the other animals in the forest.C. He saw his huge shadow.D. He didn’t need to be afraid of the lion any more.( )2. What do es the word ―giant‖ in the passage probably mean?A.大力士B.巨人C.怪兽D.野人( )3. The wolf went to the lion to________________.A. send him some foodB. ask for some foodC. tell him something surprisingD. show his strong body( )4. What was the result?A. The lion ate the wolf.B. The wolf ate the lion.C. They became good friends.D. The wolf became the king of the forest.( )5. Which one is the best title for this passage?A. A wolf and his shadowB. A wolf and a lionC. The king of the forestD. A strong wolfBEveryone has a dream job and we all hope our dreams can come true. Mr Black works as a reporter at a TV station. He wants to know what jobs teenagers are going to do when they grow up. He went to the Evergreen School to do a survey(调查) last Friday.Mr Black asked the students to discuss with each other and then fill in the form with a pen. He told them to tell the truth. Mr Black thought most students would be teachers. The techer is one of the best professions(职业) in the world. Maybe some students would be scientists. Rich knowledge would help them. A few students would be soldiers(士兵) because they could keep our country beautiful and peaceful.Teachers helped Mr Black before school was over. They gave out one thousand eight hundred papers to the students. When the survey’s result came out, Mr Black and the teachers were surprised. Please look at the results.Profession actor(actress) scientist teacher Sports player soldier farmer(or else)Proportion(比例) 30% 25% 20% 15% 5% 5%( )1. From the first paragraph, we know this passage may talk about__________.A. teenagers’ dream jobsB. Mr Black and his jobC. how dreams come trueD. how to make a survey( )2. What does Mr Black do?A. He is a teacher.B. He is a reporter.C. He is a soldier.D. He is an actor.( )3. Why did Mr Black do a survey last Friday?A. Because he wanted to find a job for himself.B. Because he wanted to know about student s’ dream jobs.C. Because he was always interested in doing a survey.D. Because he wanted to know how much money teenagers got a week.( )4. Which of the following did most students choose?A. Actor.B. Sports player.C. Teacher.D. Scientist.( )5. How many teenagers want to be teachers in the future?A. 90.B. 360.C. 900.D. 1800.CThere are many wetlands in China and some of them have become internationally important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are one example. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are the ideal home for many different kinds of birds and animals. The world’s largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is there. More than 700 milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can see some in the Red-Crowned Cranes Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.The temperature in the wetlands is usually not too high or too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. They are really good places for wildlife. They offer food and home for some special kinds of animals and birds. It is not the only reason why we need to protect wetlands. Wetlands are important because they also prevent floods. But some people want to change the wetlands to make space for farms and buildings. This means there will be less and less space for wildlife.Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance of wetlands and wildlife. Every year on February 2nd, the World Wetlands Day, many activities are held to tell people more about wetlands.( )1. Which of the following is the ideal home for birds and animals?A. The Yellow River.B. The wetlands.C. North China.D. Cities in China.( )2. What’s the weather like in the wetlands?A. It’s very hot.B. It’s too cold.C. There’s a lot of snow.D. It rains a lot th ere.( )3. Why are the wetlands good places for wildlife?A. Wildlife can find food and home there.B. All wildlife can live freely there.C. There’ re enough friends for them.D. There is enough room for them.( )4. What’s the use of the wetlands?A. To raise(饲养) more wildlife.B. To prevent floods.C. To offer lots of food for human beings.D. A and B.( )5. Which of the following is Not true?A. More than 700 milu deer live freely because of the wetlands.B. We can’t see red-crowned cranes in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.C. February 2nd is the World Wetlands Day.D. People are beginning to realize the importance of wetlands.五任务型阅读阅读短文,根据短文内容补全表格中所缺的信息,每空一词。