进出口实务 5

Types
voyage charter: hired based on a particular voyage time charter: the hire of a ship for a period of time bare boat charter: the hire of the vessel itself
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Freight calculation: Illustration
Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume per case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China — London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Lay time
also called lay day, is the period of time allowed to the charterer for the loading or unloading of goods without additional charge
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Solution:
W: 30kg = 0.03 M/T M: 0.4 x 0.3 x 0.2 = 0.024 m3 W > M, “W” is the freight basis for the calculation of freight Total Freight = Total Quantity × Basic Freight Rate × (1+ Surcharge/Additional Rates) = 1000 cases × 0.03 M/T × USD230 × ( 1 +10%) = USD 7590
Total Freight = Total Quantity × Basic Freight Rate × (1+ Surcharge /Additional Rates) Basic Freight Rate: quoted by the carrier
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Methods of stipulation
Days or running days or consecutive days Weather working days of 24 hours A weather working day of 24 consecutive hours ..
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Charter party
the contract between the ship-owner (carrier) and the charterer (shipper) Contents
the contract parties the ship conditions: e.g. the ship’s name, age, nationality, tonnage voyage: e.g. ports of shipment & destination charter freight division of loading & unloading cost lay days, demurrage & dispatch freight payment terms ..
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Additional
Heavy lift additional e.g. for cargo over 5 MT per unit Lengthy cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 9m per unit Bulky cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 6cbm per unit …
Open rate
Figure 5.1 Examples of Liner Freight Rate
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Surcharges
Bunker Surcharge (bunker adjustment factor/BAF) Currency Surcharge (currency adjustment factor/CAF) Port Congestion Surcharge Transshipment Surcharge Port Surcharge …
Answer: The total freight cost is USD7590.
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Characteristics
No fixed routes No fixed timetables Freight charged on the volume of cargo Suitable for cargo of a complete shipload (e.g. bulk cargo)
Liner: types
conference liners non-conference liners
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Liner Freight = basic freight rate + surcharges and additional Calculation formula of liner freight
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Demurrage
the amount of money paid as a penalty at an agreed rate by the charterer to compensate the ship-owner for his losses in case the charterer fails to have loading and unloading completed within the lay time
W: by weight (usu.1 kg as the unit) M: by measurement (usu. 6000 cm3 =1kg) W/M: by weight or by measurement, subject to the higher the heavier, the cheaper (unit freight) e.g. 45kg draws a line minimum freight …
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Specifying loading & unloading cost
Four methods: I. & O. or Liner Terms/Gross Terms: In and Out F.I. :Free In F.O.: Free Out F.I.O.: Free In and Out Or F.I.O.S.T.: Free In and Out, Stowed and Trimmed
Dispatch
the amount of money paid as a bonus by the shipowner to the charterer if they get loading and unloading done ahead of schedule. normally dispatch money = ½ the demurrage
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5.2.1 Air Transportation
Types of air transportation
scheduled airlines chartered carriers consolidated consignment air express
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5.2.1 Air Transportation
Typical Rate Basis W: Weight Ton M: Measurement Ton W/M Ad Valorem (A.V.) Unit Head Minimum rate Examples USD80/Ton USD80/Ton USD80/Ton 0.1% of FOB Value USD60/Unit USD15/Head USD150/B/L To be negotiated
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5.2 Other modes of transportation
Air Transportation Rail Transportation & Road Transportation International Multimodal Transportation Container Transportation
Air transportation fБайду номын сангаасeight rate
general cargo rates minimum charges class rates special commodity rates …