最新外研版(新)八年级上册英语各模块知识点归纳总结
外研版英语八年级上册所有知识点总结
Module1——重点句型
• 一、提建议的句子： • 1.You(We) should do sth • 2.Let’s do sth • 3.Why not do sth？ • 4.Why don’t you(we) do sth？ • 5.How(What) about doing sth？ • 6.I suggest you do sth. • 7.It is a good idea to do sth.
• 8. in the east of 在… • 9.be famous for＝b • 因……而闻名 • 10.such as 比如 • lions of 数百 • 12.on the coast 在 • 13.be popular for 因
Module2——重点句型
• 一、表达位置的三个介词 • in 在……之内，表示一个小 地方位于大地方范围内 • on 在……边，表示一个地方 在另一个地方的某一边，两 个地方接壤 • to 在……面，表示一个地方在 另一个地方的范围之外
• 二、建议某人做某 • 1.advise sb to do s • 2.suggest sb do sth • 三、交际用语： • 1.What else？还有 • 2.I agree with you. • 3.That’s a good ide 那是个好主意
Module2——重点短语
• 1.pretty good 相当好，很好 • 2.in fact 事实上，实际上 • 3.in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代 • 4.as…as 和……一样 • 5.the population of …的人口 • 6.would like to do sth 想要做某事 • 7.remember to do sth 记得去做某事
八年级外研版英语上册语法知识点总结与归纳
八年级外研版英语上册语法知识点总结与归纳一、时态1. 一般现在时：表示经常性的动作或真理，主语为第三人称单数时，动词需加-s/-es。
2. 现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作，构成为：be + V-ing。
3. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作，动词需加-ed。
4. 过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，构成为：was/were + V-ing。
5. 现在完成时：表示过去发生的某个动作对现在造成的影响，构成为：have/has + V-ed。
6. 一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作，构成为：will + 动词原形。
7. 现在完成进行时：表示过去开始进行的动作一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去。
构成为：have/has been + V-ing。
二、被动语态1. 被动语态的构成为“be + 过去分词”，被动语态的主语通常是动作的承受者。
2. 被动语态的时态和语态都可以通过助动词“be”加以表示。
三、情态动词1. 情态动词共有9个：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would。
2. 情态动词用于表示说话人的态度、感情或是某种推测，通常搭配动词原形使用。
四、关系代词1. who/whom：指人，作主语用who，作宾语或补语用whom。
2. whose：指人或物，表示所有关系。
3. that：指人或物，作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，引导限制性定语从句。
4. which：指物，作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，引导非限制性定语从句。
五、虚拟语气1. 虚拟语气用于表示现在或将来的假设情况或与过去相反的情况。
2. “if”引导的虚拟条件句中，主句通常要使用情态动词；与过去相反的虚拟语气要使用“were”。
六、倒装句1. 完全倒装：将助动词或情态动词提到主语前，用于表示强调或出乎意料的语气。
2. 部分倒装：将助动词、情态动词、系动词等提到主语前，用于表示疑问、否定、祝愿等语气。
八年级上册英语外研版新各模块知识点归纳总结完美
英语初二上册重点知识点讲解Module 1 How to learn English1．pair n.一对,一副a pair of two pairs of2．Correct v. 改正,纠正3．advice1为不可数名词,可用some,much,a piece of,pieces of等修饰2表示“有关……的建议”时,用介词on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式;4、常见搭配：take/follow one’s advice接受某人的建议ask for advice 征求意见offer advice to sb. 向某人提供建议advise sb. to do sth.advise that sb. should do sth.2.letsb.dosth.让某人做某事6.practicedoingsth.练习做某事7.match…with…把…与…搭配起来8plete…with…用…完成…9.It’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.做某事对某人来说是怎样的12.awaytodosth.做某事的方式17.Whydon’tyoudosth./Whynotdosth.为什么不做某事18. forgettodosth.忘记做某事19.It’sagoodideatodosth.做某事是个好主意;23.begoodatdoingsth.=dowellindoingsth.擅长做某事24.somany+n复/somuch+n不可数如此多25.needtodosth.需要做某事29.writetosb.写信给某人30.agreewithsb.同意某人的意见agreetodosth.同意做某事agreeonsth.同意某事33.adviceonsth.在某方面的意见34.lookupsth.inthedictionary/lookinthedictionary在字典中查找36.smileatsb.对某人微笑laughatsb.嘲笑某人38.sendsb.sth.=sendsb.送某人某物44.beafraidtodosth./beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事51.sayhellotosb向某人问好52.makefriendswithsb与某人交朋友53.take/showsb.around带领某人参观5、Try 的用法12译为“尽量”、“尽最大努力可能”,主要用于 as...as possible/one can;6、time的用法：1time用作不可数名词,前面可much, little, a lot of, plenty of等修饰; 2当作“次数；倍数”讲时,time是可数名词;3time构成的短语：at a time 一次, 每一次at one time 曾经,一度at times /from time to time 有时,偶尔all the time 总是,一直in time 及时,迟早on time 准时4time构成的句型：① It’s time for sb. to do sth./It’s high time sb. did sth.该是某人干……的时间了;② each time每次,next time下次,the first/last time第一次/最后一次……的时候等词组引导的时间状语从句;7、suggest,做动词,表示“建议,提议”的意思,对应的名词是suggestion;suggest的用法：Module 2 My home town and my country1、population n. 意思是“人口,居民”,它是一个集体名词,它的用法有时较为特殊, 所以很容易用错;① population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式;② 当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式;③ 有时population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词;④表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“little”,而要用“large”或“small”;⑤在问具体人口时用“What...”;2、形容词比较级用法① 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A…+比较级+than+B”;② 有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级;③比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等;④表示“两者之间最……一个of the two”时,常用“the+比较级”结构;⑤表示“越来越……”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用常用搭配：比…,the比…越…越…3.比较级and比较级比ofthetwo两者中较怎样的…nexttocloseto附近fact事实上the1980s在20世纪80年代17.asadj/advas+对象和…一样soonas一…就well也wellas除了…还…；和…一样好many+可数as和…一样多much+不可数as和…一样多27.over=morethan超过other+复数许多其他…other+单数任何其他…=alot+比较级更…得多famousfor…/as…以…着名/作为…着名university一所大学as+n/doingsth例如…13.ispartof的部分14.anisland.一座岛屿areasof的区域17.Whata/anadj.n主+be/vanytimeoftheyear在一年的任何时间Module 3 Sports… at all 根本不sure about 对;;;确信mind 别介意+adj+adjof+可数/ 不可数大量的’s the matter with you 你怎么啦两种 =what’s wrong with youusual 和往常一样the match 输掉比赛 win the match 赢得比赛14 beat sb 打败某人16 lose to sb 输给某人good at doing sth 擅长做;;两种 =do well in doing sthup 热身运动time to do sth 有时间做;;;late for sth 做;;;迟到 =be late to do sthsb on 为;;;加油a chance to do sth 有机会做;;两种; =have a chance of doing sth a pity 多么遗憾啊against 与;;;比赛26 be against 反对;;;,违反;;;27 stop sb against 阻止;;;做30 do better 做的更好is +adj/adv for sb to do sth 做;;;是;;; happen to sb 某人发生某事;;;37 sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做;;;40 be pleased with sb 对;;;感到满意41 be pleased to do sth 对做;;;感到满意开心42 take part in+ 活动参加;;;活动43 join in+活动参加;;;活动Module 4 Planes, ships and trains1规则变化：2不规则变化：3形容词最高比较级用法① 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式;形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围;of表示同范围,in表示不同范围is the strongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的;Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市;② 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C”结构;city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou哪个城市最漂亮,北京,上海还是福州③ 表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式;Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一;④ 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”;Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.长江是中国第一大长河;⑤ 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用定冠词the;is our last lesson today.这是我们今天的最后一节课;⑥ 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义;Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是班上最高的学生;=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高;=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高;=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高;Module 5 Lao She Teahouse重点知识讲解1．offer1做动词,意思是“提供；提议；提出”;常用的搭配：① offer sth.people willingly offered their blood.很多人自愿献血;② offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 把某物给予某人young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus.=The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus. 那个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那位老人;③ offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事offered to lend me her bike.她提出将自行车借给我;2做名词,表示愿做某事或给予某物后接of/to do sth ;you for your kind offer of helping me.= Thank you for your kind offer to help me.谢谢你提供的帮助;show做及物动词,意为“展示；显示；给……看”,show后可接双宾语;① show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb. 给某人看或者展示某物me your pen, please.=Show your pen to me, please.请让我看一下你的钢笔;Show your tickets, please.请出示车票;注意：在“show+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构中,若直接宾语为指物的代词it或them时,只能用“show itthem to sb.”结构;你有一支钢笔,请给我看看;You have a new pen, please show it to me. √You have a new pen, please show me it. ×②意为“带领”,常构成短语show sb. to, 意为“带某人去……”；show sb. around,意为“带某人参观”;show me to your school.请带我到你们学校去;Uncle Wang is going to show us around his farm.王叔叔将带领我们参观他的农场.③ show+ that从句看出或者显示说明……homework shows that you are careful.从你的作业上可以看出你很认真;此外,show还可用作名词,意为“展览；陈列；演出”,常构成短语on show,意为“陈列,展览” ;is going to be a picture show in our school.我们学校将举办一次画展;His pictures are on show now.他的画现在正在展览;3．If you like the Beijing Opera, traditional music or magic shows, you can enjoy them at the teahouse.如果你喜欢京剧、传统音乐和魔术表演,你可以在这家茶馆里欣赏到它们;1这个句子是一个由if引导的条件状语从句;if是连词,意思是“如果；若”;主句是you can enjoy them at the teahouse,从句是you like the Beijing opera, traditional music or magic shows;思考：如何使用if条件状语从句呢① 在句中做条件状语的从句是条件状语从句,可以放在句首,也可以放在句末;常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生;紧跟在if后面的句子是从句;you ask him,he will help you．如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的;If you fail in the exam,you will let him down．如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的;② 另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设;从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时,表示对现在或过去的一种假设;I were you,I would invite him to the party．如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会;学习小窍门：if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间；条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间;条件句表可能,主句多用将来时；条件句表事实,主句常用现在时;③ if：当“是否”讲时,引导宾语从句;don’t know if he will be free tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否有空;注意：if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句使用的是一般将来时,或含有情态动词的句子或祈使句,从句通常用一般现在时;it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo.如果明天下雨的话,我们将不去动物园;If he comes, let me know.如果他来,让我知道;从句用一般现在时,主句是祈使句难点知识讲解：动词不定式I1动词不定式的含义生活中我们常遇到“我努力去理解”、“决定留下来”等表达方式,其中连续出现了两个动词,这种情况下英语应该如何表达呢首先请看下面的例句：We decided to stay for a cup of tea.我们决定留下来喝杯茶;I tried to understand the words.我努力理解这些话;I want to go to the teahouse.我想去茶馆;这三个句子中使用了decide to do sth.,want to do sth.,try to do sth.的表达方式,即行为动词后的动词都采用了“to+动词原形”的结构;我们把这种结构称为动词不定式;其否定形式是“not to do”;2动词不定式作宾语的用法动词不定式置于谓语动词之后,作动词的宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内容;在英语中,并不是所有两个动词连用时都采用“动词+不定式”的形式,一般说来,用不定式时,所表示的多为将来的行为;但是在具体使用中同学们还要注意记忆,因为动词不同,其后动词形式的要求也就不同;常见的后面接“to十动词原形”作宾语的动词有：plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love等;口诀接不定式作宾语的动词想要学习早打算 want learn plan快准备有希望 prepare hope wish expect同意否供选择agree offer choose决定了已答应decide determine promise尽力去着手做manage undertake别拒绝别假装refuse pretend失败不是属于你failrefused to lend me his pen.汤姆拒绝把他的钢笔借给我;We hope to get there before dark.我们希望在天黑之前到达那儿;The girl decided to do it herself.这个女孩决定自己做;注意：某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语,但意义不同的有：Module 6 Animals in danger1.形容词变成副词的规律;一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词;例如：quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly等;特殊情况：温馨提示：副词修饰行为动词这一点;如：He is very ________careful.He does everything ________carefully第一句中是作表语,用形容词careful；第二句中修饰行为动词does用副词carefully;常考的形容词和副词辨析有：hard 努力——hardly 几乎不；late迟的,晚的——lately 近来；deep 深——deeply 深深地；near靠近——nearly 差不多；wide 宽——widely 广泛地；high高的——highly 高度地；close 靠近的——closely 密切地； free免费的——freely 自由地;典例剖析：Tom studies ________ but his sister ________ studies.A．hard,hard B．hardly,hardlyC．hard,hardly D．hardly,hard答案：C解题技巧：此题第一个陷阱是hard和hardly的区别,通常我们会认为hard的副词是hardly,事实上hard 既是adj.又是adv.,而hardly是另外一个adv.,中文是“几乎不……”;hard作为adv.时,通常在修饰的动词之后,而hardly通常在动词之前,译这句中文“Tom学习努力,而他的妹妹则几乎不学习;”同根副词意义有别的;4．-ing形容词和-ed形容词的区别;5．复习动词不定式;1不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”,或省略to用动词原形;在句中使用时不能作谓语,但可以和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语;mother wants her to read English every day.母亲要她的儿子每天读英语;My mother asked me not to read in bed.我的母亲要求我不要躺在床上看书;2不定式的句法作用：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用,它可以作宾语、宾补和状语;① 作宾语wants to go out with her.他想和她一起出去;want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”注意：a. 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望,如：would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等;you like to see a film this evening你今晚想去看电影吗b. 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末;find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很简单;② 作宾语补足语：动词不定式作宾补时,它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系;asked him to turn down the radio.露丝要他关小收音机;他关小收音机注意：动词不定式在使役动词make, let和感官动词see, watch, hear, feel等词后作宾补时,常省去不定式符号to;had better, would rather后的不定式也不带to,help后的不定式可带to,也可不带to;mother makes her do homework every evening.她母亲要她每天晚上都写作业;Let’s see the dolphins.我们去看海豚吧;I hear her sing every day.我听见她每天都唱歌;You’d better do homework first.你最好先做作业;但make, see, hear等词在被动语态中,其后的不定式要带to;was heard to speak English.有人听到她说英语;③ 作目的状语,表示某一动作或状态的目的,常常翻译成“为了……”;它可置于句首或者句末;为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加 in order to或so as to;Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王女士去上海看望她的女儿;To arrive in time, we’ll start early.为了及时到达,我们将早出发;We should work hard in order to pass the exam.=We should work hard so as to pass the exam.我们应该努力学习以便我们能通过考试;注意：不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not;told us not to play basketball too long.他们告诉我们不要打太长时间的篮球;You’d better not go to bed late.你最好不要睡觉太晚;M7 A famous story1. a girl called Alice.此处called为过去分词,修饰girl,放在名词之后;相当于named.down 跌倒,掉下 fall behind 跟不上,落在……后面fall into 落入……中 fall off 从……上掉下来 fall back 退回fall asleep 入睡 fall ill 生病Eg：She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday.Leaves fall off the trees in fall.They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone.in a tree 外来物或人在树上on a tree 树上本身有的东西：apple等在树上Eg：There is a bird in the tree.There are a lot of apples on the tree.smile at sb 对sb微笑Eg：Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.4.“到达”的表达：arrive in+大地点 get to +地点 reach +地点at+小地点 get home\there\here5. have a tea party 举办茶会6. To see if you remember the story.To see 为不定式,在此处作目的状语,表示“为了看看”If引导的是一个宾语从句,表示“是否”,不充当任何成分,与whether可以互换7. have nothing to do 没什么事可做 nothing\something to eat\drinknothing 作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数8. once or twice=from time to time 偶尔Eg：Once or twice he goes to school on foot.once 一次 twice 两次三次及以上：数词+times three times six times9. what……for=why…… 为什么；……有什么用Eg：1 ---What are you sitting on the eggs for---I’m sitting on them to hatch the chicks.2 ---Why are you late again---Because there is an accident on the road.10. nothing strange 没什么奇怪的事形容词strange作后置定语,修饰不定代词nothing;在英语中,当形容修饰不定代词something\anything\nothing\everything等时,形容词必须放在不定代词后面,作后置定语;Eg：I have something important to do.There is something strange appeared in the sky.11. hear sb do sth 听到sb 做sth此处是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,类似的有make\let\have\help sb do sth 等hear sb doing sth 听到sb 正在做sthEg：I heard her play the piano in the next room just now.I hear someone singing in the room.sth out of sp 把sth从sp掏出rush\jump out of sp 从sp冲\跳出去13. across 表示动作是在物体的表面进行,如过河,过桥,过马路;through 表示动作是在物体的内部空间进行,如穿过森林、门、隧道,光线射入等Eg：Be careful to look both ways before you go across the road.The driver must slow down when they drive through the tunnel.14. too……to…… 太……而不能……Eg：He is too young to carry the heavy bag.拓展：1 too……to……可以和so……that……互换Eg：She is too young to go to school.=She is so young that she can’t go to school.2 too……to……可以和not……enough to……互换not后的形容词与too后的形容词是相反的Eg：She is too young to go to school.=She is not old enough to go to school.15. land on 落到……上；着陆Eg：The plane will land on the island in five minutes.16. 宾语从句：1 定义：在主从复合句中,充当宾语成分的从句就叫做宾语从句;2 位置：常在及物动词或介词之后;3 引导词：that 无意义,不充当任何成分,常可以省略；if\whether表示“是否”,不充当任何成分,两者可以互换,但有or not时只能用whether；who\what\where\when\why等表示“谁”、“什么”、“哪里”、“何时”、“为什么”,分别可以充当主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语和原因状语,不可以省略;4 语序：陈述句语序,即“主语+谓语”5 时态：当主句为现在或将来时态时,宾语从句可以使用任何时态；当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句可以使用过去的某种时态一般过去时,过去进行时等；当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句表示一种客观真理、事实时,用一般现在时;Eg：I know that you met him yesterday.He asked if I would come.I don’t understand what you say.He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.M8 Accidents1. on the phone 通过电话通话on 表示“通过”2. look pale 看起来很苍白此处look作为半系动词,后跟adj. 常见的半系动词有taste\smell\sound\feel.Eg：The music sounds good.The food tastes delicious.The sofa feels comfortable.3. listen 听强调听的过程,后接宾语时需加to,即listen to……hear 听到强调听到的结果,后接do或doingEg：We should listen to the teachers carefully.I hear someone singing in the next room. 我听到有人正在隔壁房间唱歌I hear someone sing in the next room. 我听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌v. 出现→ appearancen. disappearv. 消失Eg：He suddenly disappeared in front of us.5. hit 撞击；打Eg：The bus hits the bridge.He hits me on the head.此外,hit 还可以作名词,表示“轰动一时的成功”Eg：His song made a hit.6. be glad to do sth 很高兴去做sthEg：I am glad to see you again.7. in time 及时on time 准时,按时Eg：I hope you can come back in time.Please hand in your homework on time.8. fall off=fall down from 从……摔下来你 fall asleep 入睡 fall into 掉入fall in love with sb 爱上某人 fall behind 落在……后面9. the risk of ……的风险 side by side 肩并肩pay attention to注意……to 是一个介词,后接名词或doingEg：We should pay more attention to developing economy.10. sometimes 有时 some times 几次；几倍sometime 将来或过去某个时候 some time 一段时间Eg：He sometimes sends me an e-mail.Remember it some times, or you will forget it.Let’s have a party sometime next week.I will stay with you for some time.11. try to do sth 试图去做某事try one’s best to do sth 尽某人全力去做某事 have a try 试一试Eg：The little boy tries to go across the road by himself.We should try our best to save the animals in danger.Do you have a try12. pick up 捡起,拾起代词只能放中间,名词放在中间或后面均可pick sb up 开车接某人 pick sth up 学会某事Eg：After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.Mike picked up a few words of Chinese last summer.13. call sb call up=ring up 打电话给sb call on 拜访sbEg：Call me up tomorrow.I called on my grandparents yesterday.14. take photos 照相15. hide—hid—hidden 隐藏 hide up 包庇坏人hide sth from sb 瞒着某人某事 hide out 躲藏Eg：---Why did the policeman catch the man just now---He hid up the murderer.She hid her brother’s death from her parents.16. throw—threw—thrown 扔；抛 throw away 抛弃throw about 到处乱扔 throw at 向……扔去Eg：Don’t throw about the waste paper.The naughty boy throws at the dog a stone.17. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.lie 此处为不及物动词,意为“躺”;其过去式、过去分词分别为lay,lain；现在分词为lying;He was lying on the bed.lie 的其他用法：①不及物动词,意为“说谎”;过去式、过去分词均为lied；现在分词为lying;lie to sb 向sb撒谎 Eg：Don’t lie to me.②不及物动词,意为“位于”;此时其过去式、过去分词分别为lay,lain；现在分词为lying;Shandong lies in the east of China. 山东位于中国东部;18. hurry up hurry to do sth in a hurry19. as 当……时=when\whilel as……a s 与……一样 not as\so……as 与……不一样l as……as possible尽可能=as……as sb can\couldl as soon as 一……就Eg：He is as tall as me.We should study as hard as possible.I will call you as soon as I get home.20. send sth to sb=send sb sthshow sth to stb=show sb sth21. use A to do B 用A去做B → A be used to do B A被用来做Bget\be used to doing 习惯于做sth used to do sth 过去常常做sthEg：We can use the bamboo to make a basket.He is\gets used to getting up early.He used to get up early.22. on one’s way to 在sb去……路上 get in the way 妨碍in this way 用这种方法 by the way 顺便问下 in a way 在某种程度take off 飞机起飞；脱下衣服make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 决定做某事语法全解：when和while 都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生,但二者意义不尽相同;1.when引导的从句可表示时间点,也可表示时间段,从句的位于动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词；while引导的从句通常表示时间段,从句中宜用延续性动词作谓语;They arrived while we were watching TV.2.含有when引导的时间状语的主从复合句,如果主句用过去进行时,从句应该用一般过去式,表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作发生,强调后一动作发生的突然性;We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off.3.当主从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生,主从句都用过去进行时的时候,从句多用while引导;They were reading while we were writing .4. 如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时,多用when,不用while;此外,when还含有“at the moment “的意思,此时引导的句子不能放在句首,也不能用while来替换主谓一致判断法主谓一致是指在一个英语句子中,主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致,这种一致性体现在联系动词be和助动词do, have的人称和数上,以及实义动词的第三人称单数上1. 不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式2. 动名词或动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式3. Either…or… : neither…nor…: not only…but also…: 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致;4. 在here : there 开头的倒装句中,谓语动词与后面的珠玉在数上保持一致;M9 Population1. The population of China is about .The population of sp is……. 表示sp有多少人;此外用sp has a population of……也可以表示sp有多少人;形容人口population的多少用big/ large 或 small 当population 作主语时,谓语动词用单数●询问某地有多少人口有两种表达方法：1．What’s the population of …2. How large is the population of …注意：询问某地有多少人口时不用how many 和 how muchhundred\thousand\million\billion等前有数字,用单数形式 three hundredhundred\thousand\million\billion等后有of,用复数形式 thousands of2. noise n. 噪音 noisyadj. 吵闹的 make noise 发出噪音voice 指嗓音人说话或唱歌sound 指一切声音3. prepare 准备 prepare for 为……做准备 prepare to do sth 准备去做某事.Eg：They are preparing for the New Year.We prepare to go fishing next weekend.4. report 报告；报道 make a report 做报告 reporter 记者,通讯员notes 名词复数形式“笔记随笔” make notes 记笔记5. such as \for example 例如,比如too much+不可数名词 much too+adj. 太……too many+可数名词Eg： I like fruit, such as apples, bananas.I have too much homework to do today.That dress is much too long for me.There are too many people in the shop on Sunday.6. increase by+倍数\百分数增加了……to+具体增长后的数字增加到……Eg：The number of teachers increased by twice.The population of the town increased to 50000.7. be born in+年份\地点 I was born in 1985.of+家庭 He was born of a rich family.8. one fifth 五分之一分数的表达法：分子在前,用基数词；分母在后,用序数词;当分子大于1时,分母需要用复数如：two thirds9. hang on a minute. 稍等10. quiet adj. 安静的；宁静的 quietlyadv. 安静地quite adv.相当,十分 Eg：Please keep quiet, my father is sleeping now. She is quite beautiful in that red coat.11. close to=next to 靠近,挨着 Eg：His house is close to a supermarket.12. move to 移到 Eg：More and more people move to the big cities these years.13. It be +adj. to do sth one of + 可数名词复数……之一谓语动词用单数14. local 当地的 close down 关闭 Eg：The local government should do something to solve the water pollution. This shop closed down last year.15. It takes sb st to do sth sb spends st\sm on sth in doing sth sth costs sb sm sb pay sth for sm 16. public services 公共服务 a public telephone 公用电话 in public 在公共场合 the public 公众17. in fact 事实上 all over the world 全世界18. face danger 面对危险 face to face 面对面地 make a face 做鬼脸 as a result 结果是；因此19.die from 由于……而死死于外因,如事故等die of 因……而死死于内因,如疾病等 Eg：He died from an accident. A lot of people died of cancers20.leave 离开某地① leave for+目的地前往目的地启程去某地I’ll leave for Shanghai next week.② leave 还有“忘了带,留下”之意 I left my book at home .21.辨析： job 与 work job cn 指具体的职业或零工 workun指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动Grammer: 冠词：是限定的一种词,不能单独使用,常用于修饰名词;冠词有三种形式：不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the和零冠词/;● 1.不定冠词的用法不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数,指人或物种的某一个或某一类,但不具体说明是何人何物;不定冠词的常见用法有：①表示“一个”的概念; Population is a big problem for cities .②表示“每一“的概念,相当于every ; I watch TV once a week .③首次提到的某人或某物,不定冠词起介绍作用; A student wants to ask you some questions④某些固定短语中,要用不定冠词; have a good time have a look have a rest ●2.定冠词的用法①指前文中提到过的人或物; I have a dog . The dog is black .②特指某人或某物; The girl with long hair is my younger sister .③指说话双方都知道的人或物I had to write the same report last term .④用于专有名词前; the Great Wall the Pacific Ocean ⑤用于世界上独一无二的事物前; the sun the moon ⑥用于姓氏复数形式之前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”; the Smiths⑦用于形容词最高级前; the biggest city⑧用于序数词前;the first boy⑨用于西洋乐器名词前; play the piano ⑩某些形容词前加定冠词 the ,表示一类人或物;the young the old⑾用于某些固定短语中 : in the morning the day after tomorrow ●3.零冠词的用法①在球类活动,学科名词前以及节日,月份,星期前不用冠词; Tom can play volleyball .②名词前已有指示代词,物主代词,不定代词或数词等作定语时名词前不用冠词There are many books in her schoolbag.③在某些固定短语或习惯用语中不用冠词 by bus have breakfast at home at night 『注意』:在某些短语中,名词前用冠词和不用冠词的意义有所不同;in hospital in the hospital at table at the table in class in the class数字 : 分为基数词和序数词;本模块中,我们重点学习数字的读法;在英语中,每三位数字为一个单位,按照百,十,个位向下读;而进位的读法则为thousand, million , billion向上递增;数次的常见用法：①分数表达法在英语中,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;当分子是1时,分母用原形；当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式;1/3 ：one thirds 2/3 : two thirds ②百分数的表达百分数用percent 表示,符号为% 如： 5% 读作 five present .M10 The weather1.关于天气的单词：名词 cloudrainsnowsunwindfog。
八年级上册英语外研版(新)各模块知识点归纳总结(完美)
英语初二上册重点知识点讲解Module 1 How to learn English1．pair n. (相关的)两个人，一对，一双，一副a pair of socks a pair of gloves two pairs of trousers一双袜子一副手套两条裤子e.g.A pair of teenage boys are watching a football game.两个青少年正在看足球赛。
2．correct（1）v. 改正，纠正e.g.The teacher returned to her room to correct exercise books.老师回到房间去改练习本。
Correct the spelling.纠正拼写。
（2）adj.正确的；恰当的e.g.correct pronunciation 正确发音Do you have the correct time？你的表走得准吗？3．advice（1）n.意思是“意见，建议”，为不可数名词，可用some，much，a piece of，pieces of等修饰，不能说an advice或many/a few advices。
（2）表示“有关……的建议”时，用介词on，接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式。
e.g.Let’s ask for his advice on what to do next.我们去征求一下他的意见下一步该怎么办。
常见搭配：take/follow one’s advice接受某人的建议ask for advice 征求意见accept/refuse one’s advice接受（拒绝）某人的建议offer advice to sb. 向某人提供建议拓展：advise vt．建议常见搭配：advise sb. to do sth.advise that sb. (should) do sth.e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.老师建议我现在就离开。
最新外研版英语八年级上册知识点总结(精华版)
最新外研版英语八年级上册知识点总结
(精华版)
1. 语法知识点
- 时态：包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等；
- 基本句型：包括陈述句、疑问句、否定句等；
- 名词：包括可数名词、不可数名词、复数形式等；
- 代词：包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等；
- 形容词：包括形容词的比较级和最高级等；
- 副词：包括副词的用法和位置等；
- 连词：包括并列连词、选择连词、从属连词等；
- 介词：包括基本介词和常用介词短语等；
- 动词：包括动词的不同形式、时态和语态等；
- 句子结构：包括主谓结构、主语从句、宾语从句等；
- 非谓语动词：包括动词不定式、动名词和分词等；
2. 词汇知识点
- 单词拼写：包括常见的单词拼写错误；
- 同义词：包括一些常见的同义词辨析；
- 常用短语：包括日常交际中常用的短语；
- 常用惯用语：包括一些惯用语的正确使用；
3. 阅读技巧
- 阅读理解：包括快速阅读和细节理解；
- 阅读速度：包括提高阅读速度和理解能力的方法；
- 阅读技巧：包括推测词义、寻找关键词等技巧；
4. 写作技巧
- 书信写作：包括格式、语言表达和常用句型等；
- 日记写作：包括表达个人感受和经历的方法；
- 作文写作：包括如何组织思路和提高写作水平的方法；
以上是最新外研版英语八年级上册的知识点总结，希望对你的研究有所帮助。
(完整版)八年级的上册的英语外研版(新)各模块知识点归纳总结(全)_文档.docx
英语初二上册重点知识点讲解Module 1 How to learn English1. advice（ 1）意思是“意，建”，不可数名，可用some， much， a piece of， pieces of 等修，不能 an advice 或 many/a few advices 。
（ 2）表示“有关⋯⋯的建” ，用介on，接名、代或由疑引的不定式。
e.g. Let’ s ask for his advice on what to do next.常搭配：take/follow one ’s advice接受某人的建ask for advice征求意拓展：advise vt．建常搭配： advise sb. to do sth.e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.老建我在就离开。
2． Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends. 每次你将会学一些新西。
我也建你和朋友影或歌曲。
time 的用法：（ 1） time 指“ ”用作不可数名，前面可much, little, a lot of, plenty of等修。
（ 2）当作“次数；倍数” ，time 是可数名。
e.g.I have been to Beijing three times.（ 3） time 构成的短：at a time一次，每一次at one time曾，一度at times /from time to time有，偶all the time是，一直in time及，早on time准（ 4） time 构成的句型：①It ’s time for sb. to do sth./It ’ s (high) time sb. did sth. 是某人干⋯⋯的了。
外研版八年级(上册)英语语法总结
一、Module1：How to learn English一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在进行时1. 一般现在时（1）定义：一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实。
（2）用法：①表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
如：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。
②表经常反复性发生的动作。
如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。
③表示客观现实。
如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
④表示平日的喜好。
I like bananas. We don ’t like vegetables.（3）构成：①be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+ 其它。
如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
②行为动词：主语+行为动词(+ 其它) 。
如：Westudy English. 我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it 等) 时，动词词尾有所变化。
第三人称单数动词词尾的变化有几种形式：①一般情况加-s reads, says, takes②sh、ch、s、x、o 结尾的加-es teaches, washes, goes, misses, mixes③以辅音字母加y 结尾的词变y 为i 再加-es studies, cries, carries如：Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。
Miss Gu teaches us English. 顾老师教我们英语。
（4）句式变化：①be动词的变化。
否定句：主句+be+not+其它。
如：He is not a worker. 他不是工人。
一般疑问：Be+主语+其它。
如：-Are you a student? -Yes，I am. / No,I ’m not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
如：Where is my bike?②行为动词的变化。
否定句：主语+don’t( doesn ’t )+ 动词原形(+其它) 。
外研版八年级(上册)英语语法总结
一、 Module1：How to learn English一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在进行时1.一般现在时（ 1）定义：一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实。
（ 2）用法：①表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
②表经常反复性发生的动作。
如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。
③表示客观现实。
如： The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
④表示平日的喜好。
I like bananas. We don’t like vegetables.（ 3）构成：① be 动词：主语 +be(am,is,are)+其它。
如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
②行为动词：主语 +行为动词 (+ 其它 ) 。
如：Westudy English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数 (he, she,it等)时，动词词尾有所变化。
第三人称单数动词词尾的变化有几种形式：①一般情况加-s reads, says, takes②sh、ch、s、x、o 结尾的加 -es teaches, washes, goes, misses, mixes③以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词变y为i再加-es studies, cries, carries如： Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
Miss Gu teaches us English.顾老师教我们英语。
（4）句式变化：① be 动词的变化。
否定句：主句 +be+not+其它。
如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问：Be+主语 +其它。
如： -Are you a student?-Yes ，I am. / No,I’m not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句。
如： Where is my bike?② 行为动词的变化。
外研版八年级上英语各模块知识点汇总
外研版八年级上英语各模块知识点汇总Module1 How to learn English 模块知识清单一、重点词组1、talk about 谈论，谈及2、that’s a good idea 好主意3、agree with somebody 同意，和…意见一致4、look up 查阅，仰望，向上看5、make a mistake 犯错误6、as much as possible 尽可能多地7、write to somebody 给某人写信8、write down 写下9、try to do 尽力做某事10、how/What about+ doing 做…怎么样11、why not/don’t you+ do 为什么不…12、should/can do 应该/能够做某事13、ask for advice 征求意见14、advise somebody to do something15、suggest somebody (should) do 建议某人做某事16、be afraid to do 害怕做某事17、start a conversation 开始交谈18、be good at doing=do well in doing 擅长做某事19、let’s try to do something 让我们努力做20、It’s a good idea to do 做…是个好主意21、remember to do 记得做某事22、practice doing 练习做某事23、make friends with 和…交朋友24、invite somebody to someplace 邀请某人去…25、make plans 制定计划二、重点句型1、We should always speak English in class.情态动词should /shouldn’t ，should 表示应该shouldn’t不应该You should speak English every day.He shouldn’t tell you the bad news.2、Don’t forget to write down the correct answers next to the mistakes. What else? write down 写下记下代词必须放在两个词之间名词可以放在中间也可以放在末尾如write it down （正）write the sentence down （正）write down it （误）write down the sentence （正）类似的短语有: put on pick up 等next to 紧挨着、紧靠着The little boy sat next to his mother.My home is next to a bank. 【同义词】near 在附近3、Many students ask for advice about how to improve their English。
外研版八年级(上册)英语语法总结
Module1：How to learn English一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在进行时1.一般现在时（1）定义：一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实。
（2）用法：①表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
②表经常反复性发生的动作。
如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
③表示客观现实。
如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
④表示平日的喜好。
I like bananas. We don’t like vegetables.（3）构成：①be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。
如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
②行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。
如：We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it等)时，动词词尾有所变化。
第三人称单数动词词尾的变化有几种形式：①一般情况加-s reads, says, takes②sh、ch、s、x、o结尾的加-es teaches, washes, goes, misses, mixes③以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加-es studies, cries, carries如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
Miss Gu teaches us English. 顾老师教我们英语。
（4）句式变化：①be动词的变化。
否定句：主句+be+not+其它。
如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问：Be+主语+其它。
如：-Are you a student? -Yes，I am. / No,I’m not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
如：Where is my bike?②行为动词的变化。
否定句：主语+don’t(doesn’t )+动词原形(+其它)。
八年级上册英语外研版(新)各模块知识点归纳总结(完美)-(2)
英语初二上册重点知识点讲解Module 1 How to learn English1．pair n。
一对，一副a pair of two pairs of2．Correct v。
改正，纠正3．advice(1）为不可数名词，可用some,much，a piece of，pieces of等修饰（2）表示“有关……的建议”时，用介词on，接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式。
4、常见搭配：take/follow one’s advice接受某人的建议ask for advice 征求意见offer advice to sb。
向某人提供建议advise sb. to do sth。
advise that sb. （should) do sth。
2. let sb. do sth。
让某人做某事6。
practice doing sth. 练习做某事7. match…with…把…与…搭配起来8。
complete…with…用…完成…9。
It’s+adj.+(for sb.）+to do sth。
做某事对某人来说是怎样的12. a way to do sth。
做某事的方式17. Why don’t you do sth。
？/Why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事？18. forget to do sth。
忘记做某事19。
It’s a good idea to do sth。
做某事是个好主意.23。
be good at（doing）sth。
=do well in(doing)sth. 擅长（做）某事24。
so many+n(复)/so much+n（不可数）如此多25. need to do sth. 需要做某事29。
write to sb. 写信给某人30. agree with sb. 同意某人的意见agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree on sth。
同意某事33. advice on sth. 在某方面的意见34。
外研版英语(新标准)八年级上册单元模块知识点归纳总结(全册)(完美版)
2020年最新
2． improve (v.)改进；改善 →improvement (n.)改进 3． time(n.)次，回→times(pl.) 4． shy(adj. )羞怯的；腼腆的 →shier(比较级 )→shiest(最高级 ) 5． quickly (adv.)快地；迅速地 →quick (adj. )快的；迅速的 6． natural adj. 合理的；合乎情理的 →nature (n.)自然界 7． suggest(v.)建议；提议 →suggestion(n.)建议 8．basic adj.主要的；基础的 9． conversationn. 谈话；交谈 10．place v．放置 必背短语 11．be afraid to do sth. 害怕干某事 12．smile at 朝……… 微笑 13．several times 几次 必背句子 14．Many studentsask for advice about how to improve their English.
许多学生询问关于如何提高他们英语的建议。 15.Watching films and listening to songs are great waysto learn English!
看电影和听歌曲是学英语很棒的方法！ 16．I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends.
mistakes. 并且不要忘了在错误的旁边写上正确答案。 30．It's a good ideato spell and pronounce new words aloud every day.
每天大声地拼读新单词是个好主意。 Unit 2 You should smile at her!
八年级上册英语外研版各模块知识点归纳总结(完美)
英语初二上册重点知识点讲解Module 1 How to learn English1．pair n. (相关的)两个人，一对，一双，一副a pair of socks a pair of gloves two pairs of trousers一双袜子一副手套两条裤子两个青少年正在看足球赛。
2．correct〔1〕v. 改正，纠正老师回到房间去改练习本。
Correct the spelling.纠正拼写。
〔2〕adj. 正确的；恰当的Do you have the correct time？你的表走得准吗？3．advice〔1〕n.意思是“意见，建议〞，为不可数名词，可用some，much，a piece of，pieces of等修饰，不能说an advice或many/a few advices。
〔2〕表示“有关……的建议〞时，用介词on，接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式。
我们去征求一下他的意见下一步该怎么办。
常见搭配：take/follow one’s advice承受某人的建议ask for advice 征求意见accept/refuse one’s advice承受〔回绝〕某人的建议offer advice to sb. 向某人提供建议拓展：advise vt．建议常见搭配：advise sb. to do sth.advise that sb. (should) do sth.老师建议我如今就分开。
We advise measures〔should〕be taken to stop pollution at once.我们建议立即采取措施以阻止污染。
4．We should always speak English in class.我们应该总是在课堂上说英语。
should是情态动词，意思是“应该〞。
通常用来表示如今或将来的责任或义务。
should/shouldn’t do sth.他应该更加努力。
外研版英语八年级上册各模块知识点归纳总结(全)
外研版英语八年级上册各模块知识点归纳总结(全)Module 1 How to Learn EnglishIn this module。
we will learn some important knowledge about English learning.1.Advice1) "Advice" means "XXX"。
It is an XXX that can be modified by "some"。
"much"。
"a piece of"。
"pieces of"。
etc。
It cannot be used with "an advice" or "many/a few advices".2) When expressing "advice on something"。
use the n "on" followed by a noun。
pronoun。
or an infinitive phrase XXX word。
For example。
"Let's ask for his advice on what to do next."XXX:take/follow one's advice: XXXask for advice: seek nsXXX: "Advise" is a verb that means "to suggest".XXX:XXX.For example。
"My teacher advises me to leave now."2.XXX FriendsEach time you will learn something new。
八年级上册英语外研版各模块知识点doc
八年级上册英语外研版各模块知识点.doc八年级上册英语外研版共分为六个模块，包括Module 1-4和Review 1-2。
以下是每个模块的知识点总结。
Module 1: School Life1.介绍自己和他人•问候和自我介绍：Hello! What's your name? My name is。
•年龄和国籍：How old are you? Where are you from?•家庭成员：Who is he/she? He/She is my。
•爱好和特长：What's your hobby? I like。
•询问他人的信息：What's his/her name? How old is he/she?2.课程和学校设施•学校科目：What's your favorite subject? My favorite subject is。
•学校设施：What's in your school? There is/are。
3.时间和日常活动•时间表达：What time is it? It's。
•日常活动：What do you do on weekends? I usually。
Module 2: Personal Information1.家庭背景和家庭成员•家庭成员：Who is he/she? He/She is my。
•家庭背景：Where do you live? I live in。
2.外貌和个性•描述外貌：What does he/she look like? He/She has。
•描述个性：What's he/she like? He/She is。
3.个人爱好和特长•描述爱好：What's your hobby? My hobby is。
•描述特长：What are you good at? I'm good at。
最新外研版八年级上册英语知识点总结
外研版八年级上册英语知识点总结Module 1 How to learn English1．pair n. (相关的)两个人,一对,一双,一副a pair of socks a pair of gloves two pairs of trousers一双袜子一副手套两条裤子e.g.A pair of teenage boys are watching a football game.两个青少年正在看足球赛.2．correct（1）v. 改正,纠正e.g.The teacher returned to her room to correct exercise books.老师回到房间去改练习本.Correct the spelling.纠正拼写.（2）adj.正确的；恰当的e.g.correct pronunciation 正确发音Do you have the correct time？你的表走得准吗？3．advice（1）n.意思是“意见,建议”,为不可数名词,可用some,much,a piece of,piecesof等修饰,不能说an advice或many/a few advices.（2）表示“有关……的建议”时,用介词on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式.e.g.Let’s ask for his advice on what to do next.我们去征求一下他的意见下一步该怎么办.常见搭配：take/follow one’s advice接受某人的建议ask for advice 征求意见accept/refuse one’s advice接受（拒绝）某人的建议offer advice to sb. 向某人提供建议拓展：advise vt．建议常见搭配：advise sb. to do sth.advise that sb. (should) do sth.e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.老师建议我现在就离开.We advise measures（should）be taken to stop pollution at once.我们建议立即采取措施以阻止污染.4．We should always speak English in class.我们应该总是在课堂上说英语.should是情态动词,意思是“应该”.通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务.should/shouldn’t do sth.e.g.He should work harder.他应该更加努力.You should help your mother with the housework.你们应该帮妈妈做家务.5．Let’s try to speak English as much as possible.让我们一起尽可能地说英语.（1）e.g.They are trying to study English well.他们正努力学好英语.I am trying doing it in this way.我正试着用这种方法做.We should try/do our best to help the people in trouble.我们应该尽最大努力帮助困境中的人们.（2）译为“尽量”、“尽最大努力（可能）”,主要用于 as...as possible/one can.e.g.You should rest as much as possible.你应当尽量多休息.I have helped you as much as I can. Now it is up to you.我已尽我所能地帮助你了.现在该看你自己了.6．Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends.每次你将会学习一些新东西.我也建议你和朋友们谈论电影或歌曲.time的用法：（1）time侧重指“时间”这一概念,或说明“时间”的量,time用作不可数名词,前面可muc h, little, a lot of, plenty of等修饰.e.g.This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.这节省了时间,使农民能够在每个季节中多种点庄稼.（2）当作“次数；倍数”讲时,time是可数名词.e.g.I have been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次.（3）time构成的短语：at a time 一次, 每一次at one time 曾经,一度at times /from time to time 有时,偶尔all the time 总是,一直in time 及时,迟早on time 准时（4）time构成的句型：① It’s time for sb. to do sth./It’s (hi gh) time sb. did sth.该是某人干……的时间了.e.g.It’s time for children to go to bed.是小孩睡觉的时候了.It’s high time that we started.我们该出发了.② each time（每次）,next time（下次）,the first/lasttime（第一次/最后一次……的时候）等词组引导的时间状语从句.e.g.The last time I went to China, I visited Shanghai.我上次到中国时,游览了上海.14．I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room.我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里.suggest,做动词,表示“建议,提议”的意思,对应的名词是suggestion.suggest的用法：e.g.She suggested an early start.她建议早一点出发.I suggested his / him giving up the foolish idea.我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头.She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.她建议班会不要在星期六举行.注意：当suggest表示“暗示,表明”的意思,它后面接宾语从句,谓语用真实的时态,而不用“should+动词原形”.e.g.他脸上的表情表明他很开心.（×）The expression on his face suggested that he should be very happy.（√）The expression on his face suggested that he was very happy游览了上海.Module 2 My home town and my country1．It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.它（剑桥）位于康河河畔,人口约为12万.population n. 意思是“人口,居民”,它是一个集体名词,它的用法有时较为特殊,所以很容易用错.① population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式.e.g.The world’s population is increasing faster and faster.全世界的人口增长得越来越快.②当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式.e.g.About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民.③有时population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词.e.g.China has a population of about 1.3 billion.=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.中国大约有十三亿人口.④表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“little”,而要用“large”或“small”.e.g.India has a large population.印度人口众多.Singapore has a small population.新加坡人口少.⑤询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用“How much...？”,而用“How large...？”.在问具体人口时用“What...？”.e.g.—What is the population of Canada？= How large is the population of Canada？加拿大的人口有多少？—The population of Canada is about 29 million.加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万.2．It has a population of about seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge.它（伦敦）大约有750万人口,所以比剑桥更大更繁忙.（1）million是数词,意思是“百万”.它的用法如下：①当与具体数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且也不后接介词of.e.g.three million people 三百万人He was prepared to pay two million.他愿意支付200万.但是,后面的名词有了the, these, those等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us, them这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词 of.e.g.About three million of them have left there.他们当中约有三百万人离开了那儿.②当不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要用复数,而且要后接介词of,然后才能接名词.lions of pounds.一个粗心的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的损失.拓展：与million有相同用法的数词还有：hundred（百）, thousand（千）,billion（十亿）.本节课主要学习形容词的比较级的规则变化及用法.（2）形容词比较级用法①表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A…+比较级+than+B”.e.g.Li Lei’s room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大.This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃.②有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级.e.g.I feel even worse now.我现在觉得更难受了.It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多.③比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等.e.g.I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁.This building is 20 meters higher than that one.这栋楼房比那栋高20米.④表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构.e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins.Mary是双胞胎中的高个子.⑤表示“越来越……”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”.e.g.It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和.我们的家乡越来越漂亮了Module 3 Sports节课进一步学习形容词和副词的比较级的规则变化和不规则变化（2（3）形容词和副词比较级用法①表示两者进行比较时用比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A…+比较级+than+B”.e.g.The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮更大.This painting is nicer than that one.这幅绘画比那幅更漂亮.②有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用比较级.e.g.I feel even better now.我现在觉得好多了.It is much cooler today than before.今天比以前凉爽得多.③比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等.e.g.This house is 10 meters higher than that one.这栋楼房比那栋高10米.④表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构.e.g.Mary is the fatter of the twins.Mary是双胞胎中较胖的.⑤表示“越来越……”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”.e.g.It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和.我们的城市越来越漂亮了.⑥表示“越……就越……”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构.e.g.The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越高兴.Module 4 Planes, ships and trains（2（3）形容词最高比较级用法①表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式.形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围.（of表示同范围,in表示不同范围）e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的.Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市.②表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C？”结构.e.g.Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou？哪个城市最漂亮,北京,上海还是福州？③表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式.e.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一.④形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”.e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.长江是中国第一大长河.⑤形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用定冠词the.e.g.This is our last lesson today.这是我们今天的最后一节课.⑥形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义.e.g.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是班上最高的学生.=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高.=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高.=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高.Module 5 Lao She Teahouse重点知识讲解1．offer（1）做动词,意思是“提供；提议；提出”.常用的搭配：① offer sth.e.g.Many people willingly offered their blood.很多人自愿献血.② offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 把某物给予某人e.g.The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus.=The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus.那个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那位老人.③ offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事e.g.She offered to lend me her bike.她提出将自行车借给我.（2）做名词,表示愿做某事或给予某物(后接of/to do sth) .e.g.Thank you for your kind offer of helping me.= Thank you for your kind offer to help me.谢谢你提供的帮助.2.Show show做及物动词,意为“展示；显示；给……看”,show后可接双宾语.① show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb. 给某人看或者展示某物e.g.Show me your pen, please.=Show your pen to me, please.请让我看一下你的钢笔.Show your tickets, please.请出示车票.注意：在“show+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构中,若直接宾语为指物的代词it或them时,只能用“show it(them) to sb.”结构.你有一支钢笔,请给我看看.You have a new pen, please show it to me. √You have a new pen, please show me it. ×②意为“带领”,常构成短语show sb. to, 意为“带某人去……”；show sb.around,意为“带某人参观”.e.g.Please show me to your school.请带我到你们学校去.Uncle Wang is going to show us around his farm.王叔叔将带领我们参观他的农场.③ show+ that从句看出或者显示说明……e.g.Your homework shows that you are careful.从你的作业上可以看出你很认真.此外,show还可用作名词,意为“展览；陈列；演出”,常构成短语onshow,意为“陈列,展览” .e.g.There is going to be a picture show in our school.我们学校将举办一次画展.His pictures are on show now.他的画现在正在展览.3．If you like the Beijing Opera, traditional music or magic shows, you can enjoy them at the teahouse.如果你喜欢京剧、传统音乐和魔术表演,你可以在这家茶馆里欣赏到它们.（1）这个句子是一个由if引导的条件状语从句.if是连词,意思是“如果；若”.主句是yo u can enjoy them at the teahouse,从句是you like the Beijing opera, traditional music or magic shows.思考：如何使用if条件状语从句呢？①在句中做条件状语的从句是条件状语从句,可以放在句首,也可以放在句末.常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生.紧跟在if后面的句子是从句.e.g.If you ask him,he will help you．如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的.If you fail in the exam,you will let him down．如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的.②另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设.从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时,表示对现在或过去的一种假设.e.g.If I were you,I would invite him to the party．如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会.学习小窍门：if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间；条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间.条件句表可能,主句多用将来时；条件句表事实,主句常用现在时.③ if：当“是否”讲时,引导宾语从句.e.g.I don’t know if he will be free tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否有空.注意：if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句使用的是一般将来时,或含有情态动词的句子或祈使句,从句通常用一般现在时.e.g.If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo.如果明天下雨的话,我们将不去动物园.如果他来,让我知道.（从句用一般现在时,主句是祈使句）难点知识讲解：动词不定式（I）（1）动词不定式的含义生活中我们常遇到“我努力去理解”、“决定留下来”等表达方式,其中连续出现了两个动词,这种情况下英语应该如何表达呢？首先请看下面的例句：We decided to stay for a cup of tea.我们决定留下来喝杯茶.I tried to understand the words.我努力理解这些话.I want to go to the teahouse.我想去茶馆.这三个句子中使用了decide to do sth.,want to do sth.,try to dosth.的表达方式,即行为动词后的动词都采用了“to+动词原形”的结构.我们把这种结构称为动词不定式.其否定形式是“not to do”.（2）动词不定式作宾语的用法动词不定式置于谓语动词之后,作动词的宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内容.在英语中,并不是所有两个动词连用时都采用“动词+不定式”的形式,一般说来,用不定式时,所表示的多为将来的行为.但是在具体使用中同学们还要注意记忆,因为动词不同,其后动词形式的要求也就不同.常见的后面接“to十动词原形”作宾语的动词有：plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love等.口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）想要学习早打算（ want learn plan）快准备有希望（ prepare hope wish expect）同意否供选择（agree offer choose）决定了已答应（decide determine promise）尽力去着手做（manage undertake）别拒绝别假装（refuse pretend）失败不是属于你（fail）e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.汤姆拒绝把他的钢笔借给我.We hope to get there before dark.我们希望在天黑之前到达那儿.The girl decided to do it herself.这个女孩决定自己做.注意：某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语,但意义不同的有：Module 6 Animals in danger1.形容词变成副词的规律.一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词.例如：quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly等.构成方法例子一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,要把y改为i再加-ly. happy—happily, angry—angrily温馨提示：副词修饰行为动词这一点.如：He is very ________(careful).He does everything ________(carefully)第一句中是作表语,用形容词careful；第二句中修饰行为动词does用副词carefully. 常考的形容词和副词辨析有：hard 努力——hardly 几乎不；late迟的,晚的——lately 近来；deep 深——deeply 深深地；near靠近——nearly 差不多；wide 宽——widely 广泛地；high高的——highly 高度地；close 靠近的——closely 密切地；free免费的——freely 自由地.典例剖析：Tom studies ________ but his sister ________ studies.A．hard,hard B．hardly,hardlyC．hard,hardly D．hardly,hard答案：C解题技巧：此题第一个陷阱是hard和hardly的区别,通常我们会认为hard的副词是hardly,事实上hard既是adj.又是adv.,而hardly是另外一个adv.,中文是“几乎不……”.hard作为adv.时,通常在修饰的动词之后,而hardly通常在动词之前,译这句中文“Tom学习努（1）不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”,或省略to用动词原形.在句中使用时不能作谓语,但可以和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语.e.g.The mother wants her to read English every day.母亲要她的儿子每天读英语.My mother asked me not to read in bed.我的母亲要求我不要躺在床上看书.（2）不定式的句法作用：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用,它可以作宾语、宾补和状语.①作宾语e.g.He wants to go out with her.他想和她一起出去.（want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”）注意：a. 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望,如：would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等.e.g.Would you like to see a film this evening？你今晚想去看电影吗？b. 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末.e.g.I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很简单.②作宾语补足语：动词不定式作宾补时,它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系.e.g.Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露丝要他关小收音机.(他关小收音机)注意：动词不定式在使役动词make, let和感官动词see, watch, hear, feel等词后作宾补时,常省去不定式符号to.had better, would rather后的不定式也不带to,help后的不定式可带to,也可不带to.e.g.Her mother makes her do homework every evening.她母亲要她每天晚上都写作业.Let’s see the dolphins.我们去看海豚吧.I hear her sing every day.我听见她每天都唱歌.You’d better do homework first.你最好先做作业.但make, see, hear等词在被动语态中,其后的不定式要带to.e.g.She was heard to speak English.有人听到她说英语.③作目的状语,表示某一动作或状态的目的,常常翻译成“为了……”.它可置于句首或者句末.为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加in order to或so as to.e.g.Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王女士去上海看望她的女儿.To arrive in time, we’ll start early.为了及时到达,我们将早出发.We should work hard in order to pass the exam.=We should work hard so as to pass the exam.我们应该努力学习以便我们能通过考试.注意：不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not.e.g.They told us not to play basketball too long.他们告诉我们不要打太长时间的篮球.You’d better not go to bed late.你最好不要睡觉太晚.M7 A famous story1. a girl called Alice.此处called为过去分词,修饰girl,放在名词之后.相当于named.2.fall down 跌倒,掉下fall behind 跟不上,落在……后面fall into 落入……中fall off 从……上掉下来fall back 退回fall asleep 入睡fall ill 生病Eg：She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday.Leaves fall off the trees in fall.They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone.●in a tree (外来物或人)在树上on a tree (树上本身有的东西：apple等)在树上Eg：There is a bird in the tree.There are a lot of apples on the tree.●smile at sb 对sb微笑Eg：Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.4.“到达”的表达：arrive in+大地点get to +地点reach +地点at+小地点(get home\there\here)5. have a tea party 举办茶会6. To see if you remember the story.●To see 为不定式,在此处作目的状语,表示“为了看看”If引导的是一个宾语从句,表示“是否”,不充当任何成分,与whether可以互换7. have nothing to do 没什么事可做nothing\something to eat\drinknothing 作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数8. once or twice=from time to time 偶尔Eg：Once or twice he goes to school on foot.once 一次twice 两次三次及以上：数词+times three times six times9. what……for?=why……? 为什么? ；……有什么用?Eg：(1) ---What are you sitting on the eggs for?---I’m sitting on them to hatch the chicks.(2) ---Why are you late again?---Because there is an accident on the road.10. nothing strange 没什么奇怪的事形容词strange作后置定语,修饰不定代词nothing.在英语中,当形容修饰不定代词something\anything\nothing\everything等时,形容词必须放在不定代词后面,作后置定语.Eg：I have something important to do.There is something strange appeared in the sky.11. hear sb do sth 听到sb 做sth(此处是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,类似的有make\let\have\help sb do sth 等)hear sb doing sth 听到sb 正在做sthEg：I heard her play the piano in the next room just now.I hear someone singing in the room.12.take sth out of sp 把sth从sp掏出rush\jump out of sp 从sp冲\跳出去13. across 表示动作是在物体的表面进行,如过河,过桥,过马路.through 表示动作是在物体的内部空间进行,如穿过森林、门、隧道,光线射入等Eg：Be careful to look both ways before you go across the road.The driver must slow down when they drive through the tunnel.14. too……to…… 太……而不能……Eg：He is too young to carry the heavy bag.拓展：(1) too……to……可以和so……that……互换Eg：She is too young to go to school.=She is so young that she can’t go to school.(2) too……to……可以和not……enough to……互换(not后的形容词与too后的形容词是相反的)Eg：She is too young to go to school.=She is not old enough to go to school.15. land on 落到……上；着陆Eg：The plane will land on the island in five minutes.16. 宾语从句：(1) 定义：在主从复合句中,充当宾语成分的从句就叫做宾语从句.(2) 位置：常在及物动词或介词之后.(3) 引导词：●that 无意义,不充当任何成分,常可以省略；●if\whether表示“是否”,不充当任何成分,两者可以互换,但有or not时只能用whether；●who\what\where\when\why等表示“谁”、“什么”、“哪里”、“何时”、“为什么”,分别可以充当主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语和原因状语,不可以省略.(4) 语序：陈述句语序,即“主语+谓语”(5) 时态：●当主句为现在或将来时态时,宾语从句可以使用任何时态；●当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句可以使用过去的某种时态(一般过去时,过去进行时等)；●当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句表示一种客观真理、事实时,用一般现在时.Eg：I know (that) you met him yesterday.I don’t understand what you say.He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.M8 Accidents1. on the phone 通过电话通话(on 表示“通过”)2. look pale 看起来很苍白此处look作为半系动词,后跟adj. 常见的半系动词有taste\smell\sound\feel.Eg：The music sounds good.The food tastes delicious.3. listen 听(强调听的过程,后接宾语时需加to,即 listen to……)hear 听到(强调听到的结果,后接do或doing)Eg：We should listen to the teachers carefully.I hear someone singing in the next room. (我听到有人正在隔壁房间唱歌)I hear someone sing in the next room. (我听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌)4.appear(v.) 出现 → appearance(n.)disappear(v.) 消失Eg：He suddenly disappeared in front of us.5. hit 撞击；打Eg：The bus hits the bridge.He hits me on the head.此外,hit 还可以作名词,表示“轰动一时的成功”Eg：His song made a hit.6. be glad to do sth 很高兴去做sthEg：I am glad to see you again.7. in time 及时on time 准时,按时Eg：Please hand in your homework on time.8. fall off=fall down from 从……摔下来你fall asleep 入睡fall into 掉入fall in love with sb 爱上某人fall behind 落在……后面9. the risk of ……的风险 side by side 肩并肩pay attention to注意……(to 是一个介词,后接名词或doingEg：We should pay more attention to developing economy.10. sometimes 有时 some times 几次；几倍sometime (将来或过去)某个时候some time 一段时间Eg：He sometimes sends me an e-mail.Remember it some times, or you will forget it.Let’s have a party sometime next week.I will stay with you for some time.11. try to do sth 试图去做某事try one’s best to do sth 尽某人全力去做某事 have a try 试一试Eg：The little boy tries to go across the road by himself.We should try our best to save the animals in danger.Do you have a try?12. pick up 捡起,拾起(代词只能放中间,名词放在中间或后面均可)pick sb up (开车)接某人 pick sth up 学会某事Eg：After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.Mike picked up a few words of Chinese last summer.13. call sb call up=ring up 打电话给sb call on 拜访sbEg：Call me up tomorrow.I called on my grandparents yesterday.14. take photos 照相15. hide—hid—hidden 隐藏 hide up 包庇(坏人)hide sth from sb 瞒着某人某事hide out 躲藏Eg：---Why did the policeman catch the man just now?---He hid up the murderer.She hid her brother’s death from her paren ts.16. throw—threw—thrown 扔；抛 throw away 抛弃throw about 到处乱扔 throw at 向……扔去Eg：Don’t throw about the waste paper.The naughty boy throws at the dog a stone.17. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.lie此处为不及物动词,意为“躺”.其过去式、过去分词分别为lay,lain；现在分词为lying.He was lying on the bed.lie的其他用法：①不及物动词,意为“说谎”.过去式、过去分词均为lied；现在分词为lying.lie to sb 向sb撒谎Eg：Don’t lie to me.②不及物动词,意为“位于”.此时其过去式、过去分词分别为lay,lain；现在分词为lying. Shandong lies in the east of China. 山东位于中国东部.18. hurry up hurry to do sth in a hurry19. as 当……时=when\whilel as……as 与……一样 not as\so……as与……不一样l as……as possible尽可能=as……as sb can\couldl as soon as 一……就Eg：He is as tall as me.We should study as hard as possible.20. send sth to sb=send sb sthshow sth to stb=show sb sth21. use A to do B 用A去做B → A be used to do B A被用来做Bget\be used to doing 习惯于做sth used to do sth 过去常常做sthEg：We can use the bamboo to make a basket.He is\gets used to getting up early.He used to get up early.22. on one’s way to 在sb去……路上 get in the way 妨碍in this way 用这种方法by the way 顺便问下in a way 在某种程度take off (飞机)起飞；脱下(衣服)make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 决定做某事语法全解：when和while 都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生,但二者意义不尽相同.1. when引导的从句可表示时间点,也可表示时间段,从句的位于动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词；while引导的从句通常表示时间段,从句中宜用延续性动词作谓语.They arrived while we were watching TV.2. 含有when引导的时间状语的主从复合句,如果主句用过去进行时,从句应该用一般过去式,表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作发生,强调后一动作发生的突然性. We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off.3. 当主从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生,主从句都用过去进行时的时候,从句多用w hile引导.They were reading while we were writing .4. 如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时,多用when,不用while.。
外研版八年级上英语各模块知识点汇总
外研版八年级上英语各模块知识点汇总Module1 How to learn English 模块知识清单一、重点词组1、talk about 谈论，谈及2、that’s a good idea 好主意3、agree with somebody 同意，和…意见一致4、look up 查阅，仰望，向上看5、make a mistake 犯错误6、as much as possible 尽可能多地7、write to somebody 给某人写信8、write down 写下9、try to do 尽力做某事10、how/What about+ doing 做…怎么样11、why not/don’t you+ do 为什么不…12、should/can do 应该/能够做某事13、ask for advice 征求意见14、advise somebody to do something15、suggest somebody (should) do 建议某人做某事16、be afraid to do 害怕做某事17、start a conversation 开始交谈18、be good at doing=do well in doing 擅长做某事19、let’s try to do something 让我们努力做20、It’s a good idea to do 做…是个好主意21、remember to do 记得做某事22、practice doing 练习做某事23、make friends with 和…交朋友24、invite somebody to someplace 邀请某人去…25、make plans 制定计划二、重点句型1、We should always speak English in class.情态动词should /shouldn’t ，should 表示应该shouldn’t不应该You should speak English every day.He shouldn’t tell you the bad news.2、Don’t forget to write down the correct answers next to the mistakes. What else? write down 写下记下代词须放在两个词之间名词可以放在中间也可放在末尾如write it down （正）write the sentence down （正）write down it （误）write down the sentence （正）类似的短语有: put on pick up 等next to 紧挨着、紧靠着The little boy sat next to his mother.My home is next to a bank. 【同义词】near 在附近3、Many students ask for advice about how to improve their English。
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英语初二上册重点知识点讲解Module 1 How to learn English1．pair n. (相关的)两个人，一对，一双，一副a pair of socks一双袜子 a pair of gloves一副手套two pairs of trousers两条裤子e.g.A pair of teenage boys are watching a football game.两个青少年正在看足球赛。
2．correct（1）v. 改正，纠正e.g.The teacher returned to her room to correct exercise books.老师回到房间去改练习本。
Correct the spelling.纠正拼写。
（2）adj.正确的；恰当的e.g.correct pronunciation 正确发音Do you have the correct time？你的表走得准吗？3．advice（1）n.意思是“意见，建议”，为不可数名词，可用some，much，a piece of，pieces of等修饰，不能说an advice或many/a few advices。
（2）表示“有关……的建议”时，用介词on，接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式。
advice on what to do next. 我们去征求一下他的意见下一步该怎么办。
e.g.Let’s ask for his常见搭配：take/follow one’s advice接受某人的建议ask for advice 征求意见接受（拒绝）某人的建议accept/refuse one’s adviceoffer advice to sb. 向某人提供建议拓展：advise vt．建议常见搭配：advise sb. to do sth.advise that sb. (should) do sth.e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.老师建议我现在就离开。
We advise measures（should）be taken to stop pollution at once.我们建议立即采取措施以阻止污染。
4．We should always speak English in class.我们应该总是在课堂上说英语。
should是情态动词，意思是“应该”。
通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务。
should/shouldn’t do sth.e.g.He should work harder. 他应该更加努力。
You should help your mother with the housework. 你们应该帮妈妈做家务。
5．Let’stry to speak English as much as possible.让我们一起尽可能地说英语。
（1）e.g.They are trying to study English well.他们正努力学好英语。
I am trying doing it in this way.我正试着用这种方法做。
We should try/do our best to help the people in trouble. 我们应该尽最大努力帮助困境中的人们。
（2）译为“尽量”、“尽最大努力（可能）”，主要用于as...as possible/one can。
e.g.You should rest as much as possible.你应当尽量多休息。
I have helped you a s much as I can. Now it is up to you.我已尽我所能地帮助你了。
现在该看你自己了。
6．Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends.每次你将会学习一些新东西。
我也建议你和朋友们谈论电影或歌曲。
time的用法：（1）time侧重指“时间”这一概念，或说明“时间”的量，time用作不可数名词，前面可much, little, a lot of, plenty of等修饰。
e.g.This saves t ime and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.这节省了时间，使农民能够在每个季节中多种点庄稼。
（2）当作“次数；倍数”讲时，time是可数名词。
e.g.I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
（3）time构成的短语：at a time一次，每一次at one time曾经，一度at times /from time to time有时，偶尔all the time总是，一直in time及时，迟早on time准时（4）time构成的句型：① It’s time for sb. to do sth./It’s (high) time sb. did sth.该是某人干……的时间了。
children to go to bed. 是小孩睡觉的时候了。
e.g.It’s time forwe started. 我们该出发了。
It’s high time that② each time（每次），next time（下次），the first/last time（第一次/最后一次……的时候）等词组引导的时间状语从句。
e.g.The last time I went to China, I visited Shanghai. 我上次到中国时，游览了上海。
14．I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room.我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里。
suggest，做动词，表示“建议，提议”的意思，对应的名词是suggestion。
suggest的用法：e.g.She suggested an early start. 她建议早一点出发。
I suggested his / him giving up the foolish idea. 我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头。
She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.她建议班会不要在星期六举行。
注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”的意思，它后面接宾语从句，谓语用真实的时态，而不用“should+动词原形”。
e.g.他脸上的表情表明他很开心。
（×）The expression on his face suggested that he should be very happy.（√）The expression on his face suggested that he was very happyModule 2 My home town and my country1．It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.它（剑桥）位于康河河畔，人口约为12万。
population n. 意思是“人口，居民”，它是一个集体名词，它的用法有时较为特殊, 所以很容易用错。
① population常与定冠词the连用，作主语用时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
is increasing faster and faster. 全世界的人口增长得越来越快。
e.g.The world’s population②当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g.About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。
③有时population可用作可数名词，其前可用不定冠词。
e.g.China has a population of about 1.3 billion. =There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China. 中国大约有十三亿人口。
而要用“large”。
或“small”不用“much”或“little”，④表示人口的“多”或“少”，e.g.India has a large population. 印度人口众多。
Singapore has a small population. 新加坡人口少。
⑤询问某国、某地有多少人口时，不用“How much...？”，而用“How large...？”。
在问具体人口时用“What...？”。
e.g.—What is the population of Canada？= How large is the population of Canada？加拿大的人口有多少？—The population of Canada is about 29 million. 加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。
2．It has a population of about seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge. 它（伦敦）大约有750万人口，所以比剑桥更大更繁忙。
（1）million是数词，意思是“百万”。
它的用法如下：①当与具体数字连用时，习惯上用单数，而且也不后接介词of。
e.g.three million people 三百万人He was prepared to pay two million. 他愿意支付200万。
但是，后面的名词有了the, these, those等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是us, them 这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词of。
e.g.About three million of them have left there. 他们当中约有三百万人离开了那儿。
②当不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要用复数，而且要后接介词of，然后才能接名词。
e.g.A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds.一个粗心的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的损失。
拓展：与million有相同用法的数词还有：hundred（百）, thousand（千）, billion（十亿）。